EP0967333A1 - Retaining wall - Google Patents

Retaining wall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0967333A1
EP0967333A1 EP99890206A EP99890206A EP0967333A1 EP 0967333 A1 EP0967333 A1 EP 0967333A1 EP 99890206 A EP99890206 A EP 99890206A EP 99890206 A EP99890206 A EP 99890206A EP 0967333 A1 EP0967333 A1 EP 0967333A1
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Prior art keywords
elements
support
wall according
filling material
filler material
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EP99890206A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0967333B1 (en
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Peter Dipl.-Ing. Fuchs
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a retaining wall, in particular for supporting slopes, dams, Noise protection dams or similar, anchored in a filler material using tension elements Front elements, which may be fillable with the formation of filler material Interspaces are staggered in droves.
  • Retaining wall structures of this type are based on the floor-anchor composite principle, whereby a front wall formed from front elements with the filling material heaped up behind it can be combined into a composite body, thereby securing against landslides is made possible.
  • the front elements which are usually offset from one another are due to corrosion-resistant tension elements with cables on the back of the wall Deflection elements connected, whereby the front elements are held in their position.
  • the tension elements can also be anchored to the filling material due to friction.
  • both outer walls can consist of front elements.
  • the actual wall body forms layered compacted filler material through the Front elements and the traction elements prevented from evading and as a result Composite body is used for a common load-bearing effect.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a retaining wall of the type mentioned at the outset, the relatively slow changes in the position of the filling material is insensitive during or after the construction of the retaining wall.
  • this is achieved in that between successive Front element groups, preferably plastically deformable compression bearing elements are arranged, which support elements when a predetermined pressure occurs in vertical direction their height, preferably according to the compression of the filling material when building walls, reduce.
  • the support wall according to the invention is vertical or in the wall plane plastically deformable construction at the bottom, since the finishing of the front elements according to the compression of the filling material when building the wall in the compression bearing elements their height decreased.
  • the retaining wall according to the invention is therefore not rigid but an intentionally deformable structure.
  • each individual front element a set of front elements each on two compression support elements arranged at the ends rests, which in turn on the front elements of the underlying Front element coulters or rest on the foundation.
  • the support elements made of plastic plates with a vertical honeycomb structure - seen in the position of use are formed.
  • the compression support elements should be designed so that up to a certain Load, such as the dead weight of the front elements, only slight deformations occur however, almost complete failure occurs under higher loads. Exactly this behavior can be with reach the plastic panels with a vertical honeycomb structure.
  • the front elements can be made of Precast concrete parts are formed so that the erection of a retaining wall according to the invention in short construction time and can be carried out with technically simple means.
  • each share Support wall chambers There is a staggered structure between the front elements of each share Support wall chambers according to the invention, in which the filler material is visible.
  • the Filling material can be in these chambers from a layer of vegetable soil material be covered, which allows planting.
  • the front elements form the permanently visible wall surface and thus the actual design elements.
  • part of the filling material anchored tension elements is not connected to the front elements on the front element side but in the filling material of the gaps formed between the front elements ends.
  • Such pulling elements are therefore also provided within the wall body that are not included the front elements are connected and yet to secure the invention Contribute to the retaining wall.
  • the tension elements are horizontal or in the filling material extend inclined, whereby these are able to face the front elements of each share against the to hold proportional earth pressure in their position.
  • the Invention can be provided that the tension elements only lie within the filling material come and therefore not connected to the front elements and not to daylight are exposed.
  • the invention relates to a dam construction consisting of two opposite arranged retaining walls according to the invention, which is suitable for the pressure of the to withstand bulk material located between the support walls.
  • FIG. 1 shows a retaining wall that opposes a slope 10 Slipping ensures.
  • the retaining wall shown is also for dams, walls and Noise protection dams or similar slippery structures suitable.
  • Front elements 1 of the support wall are provided, which are covered with a compressed filling material 11 are backfilled in which traction elements 2 firmly connected to the front elements 1 are anchored.
  • the preferably corrosion-resistant tension elements 2 have on their Free ends, not shown, deflection elements that act on the front elements Forward displacement forces to the filling material 11.
  • the tension elements 2 can, however be anchored in the filler material only by friction.
  • the wall body forms next to the Front elements 1, which, for example, consist of prefabricated angular reinforced concrete parts Side walls can be formed, filler material 11 compacted in layers Wall body formed by the front elements 1 and the tension elements 2 on Evasion prevented and thereby like a composite body to a common Load capacity used.
  • the tension elements 2 are usually capable of being filled with filler material Interspaces or chambers are arranged in groups offset from each other (Fig. 3). It However, the front elements 1 can also be laid in an abutting position.
  • the Filling material can consist of the material that naturally occurs in the slope, e.g. Earth, or it can be an artificial embankment, e.g. Crushed stone or similar act.
  • plastically deformable Compression support elements 4 are arranged, which support elements 4 when they occur of a predeterminable pressure in the vertical direction, preferably correspondingly the compression of the filling material 11 during wall construction, reduce.
  • Support elements made of plastic plates have been found to be particularly suitable with a vertical honeycomb structure - seen in the position of use. When it occurs These honeycomb structures are pressed together and given a predeterminable load thus according to the load occurring.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of a force-settlement diagram for an inventive one Retaining wall specified, with the deformation ⁇ as ordinate and the vertical, in pressure ⁇ appearing on the retaining wall.
  • the preferably honeycomb-like support elements 4 should plastically fail at a predeterminable, occurring pressure ⁇ B without a significant increase in force (plastic deformation area B4), for example due to breakage of the honeycomb structure which occurs at the break point of the working line.
  • This proportion of the deformation corresponds approximately to the settlement of the pre-compressed composite body of the retaining wall according to the invention under the influence of the total resultant from the weight of the filling material and the vertical proportion of the active earth pressure on the retaining wall according to the invention and depends very much on the soil properties of the filling material and the quality of the compaction .
  • the remaining height of the support elements remains as a further part of the height.
  • d r residual height: The remaining height is assumed to be 3 mm, for example.
  • the total height or thickness of the support elements is thus 10 mm, so that 30 mm of the height of the support elements per meter of wall height, that is approx. 3% deformable elements between the finished parts, must be provided.
  • each individual front element 1 is one Front element coulter each on two compression support elements arranged at the ends 4 as a single field carrier, which in turn on the front elements 1 of the the underlying front element coulter or rest on the foundation.
  • the resulting deformability of the wall allows it to be used otherwise to compensate for occurring tensions in the building, which means that it is automatically activated balanced state within the retaining wall.
  • the tension elements 5 are firmly connected to the front elements 1, while the remaining tension elements 6 are not connected to the front elements 1, but in the with Filling material 11 filled spaces between the staggered front elements 1 ends, so that these tension elements 6 only come to lie within the filling material 11.
  • the resulting leveling of the tension elements 2 The support effect results in a measurable increase in the durability of the Retaining wall according to the invention against slipping.
  • the tension elements 5, 6 can be horizontal or inclined in the filling material 11 extend, so in the filling and compression process of the filling material built in from the bottom up. Furthermore, the filling material 11 in the spaces between be covered with a layer of vegetative soil material, which is a planting enables. 2 shows a special application of the retaining wall according to the invention, wherein a dam structure is formed from two opposite supporting walls, which the Bulk material 11 or the dam body 10 secures against slipping.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Supports Or Holders For Household Use (AREA)
  • Finger-Pressure Massage (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The wall consists of groups of front elements (1) anchored via traction elements (5,6) in a filler material. Preferably, plastically deformable compression support elements (4) are positioned between groups of front elements. When a pre-determinable pressure in vertical direction occurs, the support elements are reduced in height, corresponding to the compression of the filler material (11) during wall construction. Each front element in a group is supported on two support elements, which in turn are supported on the elements in the group below.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Stützwand, insbesondere zur Abstützung von Hängen, Dämmen, Lärmschutzdämmen o.ä., mit über Zugelemente in einem Füllmaterial verankerten Frontelementen, die gegebenenfalls unter Ausbildung von mit dem Füllmaterial befüllbaren Zwischenräumen scharenweise gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet sind.The invention relates to a retaining wall, in particular for supporting slopes, dams, Noise protection dams or similar, anchored in a filler material using tension elements Front elements, which may be fillable with the formation of filler material Interspaces are staggered in droves.

Stützwandkonstruktionen dieser Art beruhen auf dem Boden-Anker-Verbundprinzip, wobei eine aus Frontelementen gebildete Vorderwand mit dem dahinter aufgeschütteten Füllmaterial zu einem Verbundkörper vereint werden, wodurch eine Sicherung gegen Erdrutsche ermöglicht wird. Die üblicherweise versetzt zueinander angeordneten Frontelemente sind durch korrosionsbeständige Zugelemente mit an der Wandrückseite verlegten Umlenkelementen verbunden, wodurch die Frontelemente in ihrer Position gehalten werden. Die Zugelemente können auch auf Reibung im Füllmaterial verankert werden. In gleicher Weise können bei Dämmen beide Außenwände aus Frontelementen bestehen. Den eigentlichen Wandkörper bildet dabei lagenweise verdichtetes Füllmaterial, das durch die Frontelemente und die Zugelemente am Ausweichen gehindert und dadurch wie ein Verbundkörper zu einer gemeinsamen Tragwirkung herangezogen wird.Retaining wall structures of this type are based on the floor-anchor composite principle, whereby a front wall formed from front elements with the filling material heaped up behind it can be combined into a composite body, thereby securing against landslides is made possible. The front elements which are usually offset from one another are due to corrosion-resistant tension elements with cables on the back of the wall Deflection elements connected, whereby the front elements are held in their position. The tension elements can also be anchored to the filling material due to friction. In the same In the case of dams, both outer walls can consist of front elements. The The actual wall body forms layered compacted filler material through the Front elements and the traction elements prevented from evading and as a result Composite body is used for a common load-bearing effect.

Bisher ungelöst war das Problem der Konzentration von Kräften von Frontelement zu Frontelement an der Wandvorderseite einer solchen Stützwand, die sich durch Setzungsbewegungen des Füllmaterials ergeben.So far the problem of the concentration of forces from the front element has been unsolved Front element on the front wall of such a retaining wall, which is characterized by Settling movements of the filling material result.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Stützwand der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, die gegenüber relativ langsam vor sich gehenden Lageveränderungen des Füllmaterials während oder nach der Errichtung der Stützwand unempfindlich ist.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a retaining wall of the type mentioned at the outset, the relatively slow changes in the position of the filling material is insensitive during or after the construction of the retaining wall.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies dadurch erreicht, daß zwischen aufeinanderfolgenden Frontelement-Scharen vorzugsweise plastisch verformbare Kompressions-Auflagerelemente angeordnet sind, welche Auflagerelemente bei Auftreten eines vorbestimmbaren Drucks in vertikaler Richtung ihre Höhe, vorzugsweise entsprechend der Verdichtung des Füllmaterials beim Wandautbau, verringern.According to the invention this is achieved in that between successive Front element groups, preferably plastically deformable compression bearing elements are arranged, which support elements when a predetermined pressure occurs in vertical direction their height, preferably according to the compression of the filling material when building walls, reduce.

Im Unterschied zu bekannten Stützwänden, die nur aus unverformbaren Frontelementen gebildet sind, ist die erfindungsgemäße Stützwand eine vertikal bzw. in der Wandebene nach unten hin plastisch verformbare Konstruktion, da die Schlichtung der Frontelementc entsprechend der Verdichtung des Füllmaterials beim Wandaufbau in den Kompressions-Auflagerelementen ihre Höhe verringert. Die erfindungsgemäße Stützwand ist somit kein starres sondern ein mit Absicht verformbar gestaltetes Bauwerk.In contrast to well-known retaining walls, which only consist of non-deformable front elements are formed, the support wall according to the invention is vertical or in the wall plane plastically deformable construction at the bottom, since the finishing of the front elements according to the compression of the filling material when building the wall in the compression bearing elements their height decreased. The retaining wall according to the invention is therefore not rigid but an intentionally deformable structure.

In weiterer Ausbildung der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, daß jedes einzelne Frontelement einer Frontelement-Schar jeweils auf zwei an den Enden angeordneten Kompressions-Auflagerelementen aufliegt, die ihrerseits auf den Frontelementen der darunterliegenden Frontelement-Schar bzw. auf der Gründung aufliegen.In a further embodiment of the invention it can be provided that each individual front element a set of front elements each on two compression support elements arranged at the ends rests, which in turn on the front elements of the underlying Front element coulters or rest on the foundation.

Dadurch wird für jedes Frontelement eine statisch bestimmte Auflagerart und somit eine zwängungsfreie Lagerung geschaffen, wodurch die gesamte erfindungsgemäße Stützmauer gegenüber Verformungen unempfindlich bleibt. This creates a statically determined type of support for each front element and thus one constraint-free storage created, whereby the entire retaining wall according to the invention remains insensitive to deformation.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Auflagerelemente aus Kunststoffplatten mit einer - in Gebrauchslage gesehen - vertikalen Wabenstruktur gebildet sind.According to a development of the invention it can be provided that the support elements made of plastic plates with a vertical honeycomb structure - seen in the position of use are formed.

Die Kompressions-Auflagerelemente sollen so gestaltet sein, daß bis zu einer bestimmten Last, etwa das Eigengewicht der Frontelemente, nur geringe Verformungen auftreten, bei höherer Last jedoch ein fast völliges Versagen auftritt. Genau dieses Verhalten läßt sich mit den Kunststoffplatten mit einer vertikalen Wabenstruktur erreichen.The compression support elements should be designed so that up to a certain Load, such as the dead weight of the front elements, only slight deformations occur however, almost complete failure occurs under higher loads. Exactly this behavior can be with reach the plastic panels with a vertical honeycomb structure.

Bei Horizontalverschiebungen der Frontelemente zueinander, aus welchem Grund sie auch immer auftreten, treten bei herkömmlichen Stützwänden sehr rasch Abplatzungen an den Frontelementen auf. Die Wabenstruktur gibt jedoch bei vertikaler Belastung mit gleichzeitiger Horizontalverschiebung bei wesentlich kleineren Lasten nach und baut dabei die auftretenden Spannungen ab.With horizontal displacements of the front elements to each other, for whatever reason always occur, spalling occurs very quickly on conventional retaining walls Front elements. However, the honeycomb structure gives with vertical load simultaneous horizontal displacement with much smaller loads and builds the occurring voltages.

In weiterer Ausbildung der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, daß nur ein Teil der Frontelemente mit den im Füllmaterial verankerten Zugelementen verbunden ist, wodurch eine Vergleichmäßigung der die Stützwand sichernden Kräfte ermöglicht wird.In a further embodiment of the invention it can be provided that only part of the Front elements is connected to the tension elements anchored in the filling material, whereby an equalization of the forces securing the retaining wall is made possible.

Die Frontelemente können gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung aus Betonfertigteilen gebildet sein, sodaß die Errichtung einer erfindungsgemäßen Stützwand in kurzer Bauzeit und mit technisch einfachen Mitteln durchführbar ist.According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the front elements can be made of Precast concrete parts are formed so that the erection of a retaining wall according to the invention in short construction time and can be carried out with technically simple means.

Zwischen den Frontelementen jeder Schar befinden sich bei einem versetzten Aufbau der erfindungsgemäßen Stützwand Kammern, in denen das Füllmaterial sichtbar zutage tritt. Das Füllmaterial kann in diesen Kammern von einer Schicht vegetationsfähigem Bodenmaterial bedeckt sein, welches eine Bepflanzung ermöglicht.There is a staggered structure between the front elements of each share Support wall chambers according to the invention, in which the filler material is visible. The Filling material can be in these chambers from a layer of vegetable soil material be covered, which allows planting.

Die Frontelemente bilden die dauerhaft sichtbare Wandansichtsfläche und damit die eigentlichen Gestaltungselemente.The front elements form the permanently visible wall surface and thus the actual design elements.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, daß ein Teil der im Füllmaterial verankerten Zugelemente frontelementseitig nicht mit den Frontelementen verbunden ist sondern im Füllmaterial der zwischen den Frontelementen ausgebildeten Zwischenräume endet.In a further development of the invention it can be provided that part of the filling material anchored tension elements is not connected to the front elements on the front element side but in the filling material of the gaps formed between the front elements ends.

Innerhalb des Wandkörpers sind somit auch solche Zugelemente vorgesehen, die nicht mit den Frontelementen verbunden sind und dennoch zur Sicherung der erfindungsgemäßen Stützwand beitragen.Such pulling elements are therefore also provided within the wall body that are not included the front elements are connected and yet to secure the invention Contribute to the retaining wall.

Weiters kann vorgesehen sein, daß sich die Zugelemente in das Füllmaterial waagrecht oder geneigt erstrecken, wodurch diese in der Lage sind, die Frontelemente jeder Schar gegen den anteiligen Erddruck in ihrer Lage zu halten.Furthermore, it can be provided that the tension elements are horizontal or in the filling material extend inclined, whereby these are able to face the front elements of each share against the to hold proportional earth pressure in their position.

Im Unterschied zu bisher bekannten Konstruktionen kann gemäß einer weiteren Variante der Erfindung vorgesehen sein, daß die Zugelemente nur innerhalb des Füllmaterials zu liegen kommen und daher nicht mit den Frontelementen verbunden und nicht dem Tageslicht ausgesetzt sind.In contrast to previously known constructions, the Invention can be provided that the tension elements only lie within the filling material come and therefore not connected to the front elements and not to daylight are exposed.

Weiters betrifft die Erfindung eine Dammkonstruktion bestehend aus zwei gegenüberliegend angeordneten erfindungsgemäßen Stützwänden, welche dafür geeignet ist, dem Druck des zwischen den Stützwänden befindlichen Schüttmaterials standzuhalten. Furthermore, the invention relates to a dam construction consisting of two opposite arranged retaining walls according to the invention, which is suitable for the pressure of the to withstand bulk material located between the support walls.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele eingehend erläutert. Es zeigt dabei

  • Fig.1 einen Schnitt durch eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Stützwand;
  • Fig.2 einen Schnitt durch eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Dammkonstruktion;
  • Fig.3 eine Vorderansicht einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Stützwand;
  • Fig.4 einen Schnitt durch die Wandkonstruktion gemäß Fig.3 und
  • Fig.5 ein Kraftsetzungsdiagramm für eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Stützwand.
    • The invention is explained in detail on the basis of the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. It shows
  • 1 shows a section through a schematic representation of an embodiment of the retaining wall according to the invention;
  • 2 shows a section through a schematic representation of an embodiment of the dam construction according to the invention;
  • 3 shows a front view of an embodiment of the retaining wall according to the invention;
  • 4 shows a section through the wall construction according to FIG. 3 and
  • 5 shows a force diagram for an embodiment of the retaining wall according to the invention.

    • Die schematische Darstellung in Fig.1 zeigt eine Stützwand, die einen Hang 10 gegen Abrutschen sichert. Die gezeigte Stützwand ist auch für Dämme, Wälle und Lärmschutzdämme oder ähnliche rutschgefährdete Bauwerke geeignet. An der Vorderseite der Stützwand sind Frontelemente 1 vorgesehen, die mit einem verdichteten Füllmaterial 11 hinterfüllt sind, in welchem mit den Frontelementen 1 fest verbundene Zugelemente 2 verankert sind. Die vorzugsweise korrosionsbeständigen Zugelemente 2 weisen an ihren freien Enden nicht dargestellte Umlenkelemente auf, die die auf die Frontelemente wirkenden Verschiebungskräfte an das Füllmaterial 11 weiterleiten. Es können die Zugelemente 2 aber auch nur durch Reibung im Füllmaterial verankert sein. Den Wandkörper bildet neben den Frontelementen 1, die beispielsweise aus winkelförmigen Stahlbetonfertigteilen mit Seitenwänden gebildet sein können, lagenweise verdichtetes Füllmaterial 11. Der solcherart gebildete Wandkörper wird durch die Frontelemente 1 und die Zugelemente 2 am Ausweichen gehindert und dadurch wie ein Verbundkörper zu einer gemeinsamen Tragwirkung herangezogen.The schematic representation in FIG. 1 shows a retaining wall that opposes a slope 10 Slipping ensures. The retaining wall shown is also for dams, walls and Noise protection dams or similar slippery structures suitable. On the front side Front elements 1 of the support wall are provided, which are covered with a compressed filling material 11 are backfilled in which traction elements 2 firmly connected to the front elements 1 are anchored. The preferably corrosion-resistant tension elements 2 have on their Free ends, not shown, deflection elements that act on the front elements Forward displacement forces to the filling material 11. The tension elements 2 can, however be anchored in the filler material only by friction. The wall body forms next to the Front elements 1, which, for example, consist of prefabricated angular reinforced concrete parts Side walls can be formed, filler material 11 compacted in layers Wall body formed by the front elements 1 and the tension elements 2 on Evasion prevented and thereby like a composite body to a common Load capacity used.

    Üblicherweise sind die Zugelemente 2 unter Ausbildung von mit Füllmaterial befüllbaren Zwischenräumen bzw. Kammern scharenweise gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet (Fig.3). Es können die Frontelemente 1 aber auch in jeweils aneinanderstoßender Lage verlegt sein. Das Füllmaterial kann aus dem Material bestehen, das im Hang natürlich vorkommt, z.B. Erde, oder es kann sich dabei um eine künstliche Aufschüttung, z.B. Schotter o.ä. handeln. Erfindungsgemäß ist nun gemäß Darstellung in Fig.3 vorgesehen, daß zwischen aufeinanderfolgenden Scharen aus Frontelementen 1 vorzugsweise plastisch verformbare Kompressions-Auflagerelemente 4 angeordnet sind, welche Auflagerelemente 4 bei Auftreten eines vorbestimmbaren Drucks in vertikaler Richtung ihre Höhe, vorzugsweise entsprechend der Verdichtung des Füllmaterials 11 beim Wandaufbau, verringern.The tension elements 2 are usually capable of being filled with filler material Interspaces or chambers are arranged in groups offset from each other (Fig. 3). It However, the front elements 1 can also be laid in an abutting position. The Filling material can consist of the material that naturally occurs in the slope, e.g. Earth, or it can be an artificial embankment, e.g. Crushed stone or similar act. According to the illustration in FIG. 3, it is now provided that between successive groups of front elements 1 preferably plastically deformable Compression support elements 4 are arranged, which support elements 4 when they occur of a predeterminable pressure in the vertical direction, preferably correspondingly the compression of the filling material 11 during wall construction, reduce.

    Damit kann eine sonst auftretende Konzentration von Kräften an der Wandvorderseite, die sich bei herkömmlichen Stützwänden von Frontelement 1 zu Frontelement 1 ergibt, verhindert werden. Bei Erreichen eines bestimmten, zu errechnenden Drucks auf die Auflagerelemente 4 verringern diese aufgrund ihrer plastischen Verformbarkeit ihre Höhe, wodurch sich der darüberliegende Wandbereich setzt, und zwar bei richtiger Berechnung entsprechend der Verdichtung des Füllmaterials beim Wandaufbau, sodaß keine Veränderungen des statischen Systems der Wand infolge Verformungen auftreten. This can result in an otherwise occurring concentration of forces on the front of the wall with conventional retaining walls from front element 1 to front element 1, be prevented. When a certain pressure to be calculated is reached on the Support elements 4 reduce their height due to their plastic deformability, which causes the wall area above to settle, and with correct calculation according to the compression of the filling material in the wall construction, so that none Changes in the static system of the wall occur as a result of deformations.

    Als besonders geeignet haben sich Auflagerelemente herausgestellt, die aus Kunststoffplatten mit einer - in Gebrauchslage gesehen - vertikalen Wabenstruktur gebildet sind. Bei Auftreten einer vorbestimmbaren Last werden diese Wabenkonstruktionen zusammengepreßt und geben damit entsprechend der auftretenden Last nach.Support elements made of plastic plates have been found to be particularly suitable with a vertical honeycomb structure - seen in the position of use. When it occurs These honeycomb structures are pressed together and given a predeterminable load thus according to the load occurring.

    In Fig.5 ist ein Beispiel eines Kraft-Setzungs-Diagramms für eine erfindungsgemäße Stützwand angegeben, wobei als Ordinate die Verformung ε und als Abszisse der vertikale, in der Stützwand auftretende Druck σ aufgetragen sind. Für eine solche Arbeitslinie sind jeweils besondere Annahmen zu treffen, die für unterschiedliche Füllmaterialien bzw. Böden weit divergieren können. Es soll jedoch erreicht werden, daß bei der Verlegung der Frontelemente und dem Einbringen des Füllmaterials sowie dessen Verdichtung keine oder nur geringe Verformungen der Auflagerelemente 4 auftreten (elastischer Verformungsbereich B3 in Fig.5).5 shows an example of a force-settlement diagram for an inventive one Retaining wall specified, with the deformation ε as ordinate and the vertical, in pressure σ appearing on the retaining wall. For such a work line are each to make special assumptions that are wide for different filling materials or floors can diverge. However, it should be achieved that when laying the front elements and the introduction of the filling material as well as its compaction little or no Deformations of the support elements 4 occur (elastic deformation area B3 in Fig. 5).

    Nach dem elastischen Verformungsbereich B3 sollen die vorzugsweise wabenartigen Auflagerelemente 4 bei einem vorbestimmbaren, auftretenden Druck σB ohne wesentliche Kraftzunahme plastisch versagen (plastischer Verformungsbereich B4), z.B. durch Bruch der Wabenstruktur, der am Knickpunkt der Arbeitslinie erfolgt. Dieser Anteil der Verformung entspricht etwa der zu kompensierenden Setzung des vorverdichteten Verbundkörpers der erfindungsgemäßen Stützwand unter Einwirkung der Gesamtresultierenden aus dem Eigengewicht des Füllmaterials und dem Vertikalanteil des aktiven Erddruckes auf die erfindungsgemäße Stützwand und hängt sehr stark von den Bodeneigenschaften des Füllmaterials und der Qualität der Verdichtung ab. Nach dem völligen Versagen verbleibt als ein weiterer Anteil an der Höhe eine Resthöhe der Auflagerelemente. Insgesamt addieren sich diese Einzelmaße somit zur erforderlichen Gesamthöhe der Auflagerelemente d, die sich wie folgt zusammensetzt. d = de + dp + dr    Nachfolgend findet sich ein Beispiel einer Dimensionierung von Auflagerelementen, die aber nicht als Einschränkung der Erfindung hinsichtlich der zu verwendenden Materialien oder Stärken zu verstehen ist.
    de (elastisch):
       Unter der Annahme einer elastischen Verformung von 10% ergibt sich bei einem 10mm dicken Auflagerelement de= 1,0 mm.
    dp (plastisch):
       Für den plastischen Anteil wird als Steifezahl des Füllmaterials s = 6 MN/m2 (6000 kN/m2) angenommen. Bei einer h = 6,0 m hohen Wand mit einem Raumgewicht des Füllmaterials von G = 18 kN/m3 beträgt die Füllmaterialpressung σ = G.h =108 kN/m2. Unter diesem Druck verformt sich das Füllmaterial um ε = σ/s = 0,018 der Wandhöhe. Bei einer Scharhöhe der Frontelemente von hs = 0,333 m beträgt daher der plastische Anteil an der Höhe der Auflagerelemente dp = hs.ε = 0,006 m.
    dr (Resthöhe):
       Als Resthöhe wird beispielsweise 3 mm angenommen.
       Die Gesamthöhe bzw. -stärke der Auflagerelemente beträgt somit 10 mm, sodaß also 30mm an Höhe der Auflagerelemente je Meter Wandhöhe, das sind ca. 3% verformbare Elemente zwischen den Fertigteilen, vorzusehen sind.    After the elastic deformation area B3, the preferably honeycomb-like support elements 4 should plastically fail at a predeterminable, occurring pressure σ B without a significant increase in force (plastic deformation area B4), for example due to breakage of the honeycomb structure which occurs at the break point of the working line. This proportion of the deformation corresponds approximately to the settlement of the pre-compressed composite body of the retaining wall according to the invention under the influence of the total resultant from the weight of the filling material and the vertical proportion of the active earth pressure on the retaining wall according to the invention and depends very much on the soil properties of the filling material and the quality of the compaction . After the complete failure, the remaining height of the support elements remains as a further part of the height. Overall, these individual dimensions add up to the required total height of the support elements d, which is composed as follows. d = d e + d p + d r Below is an example of dimensioning support elements, but this should not be understood as a limitation of the invention with regard to the materials or thicknesses to be used.
    d e (elastic):
    Assuming an elastic deformation of 10%, the result for a 10 mm thick support element is d e = 1.0 mm.
    d p (plastic):
    For the plastic part, the stiffness of the filling material is assumed to be 6 MN / m 2 (6000 kN / m 2 ). With an h = 6.0 m high wall with a density of the filling material of G = 18 kN / m 3 , the filling material pressure is σ = Gh = 108 kN / m 2 . Under this pressure, the filling material deforms by ε = σ / s = 0.018 of the wall height. With a coulter height of the front elements of h s = 0.333 m, the plastic part of the height of the support elements is d p = h s .ε = 0.006 m.
    d r (residual height):
    The remaining height is assumed to be 3 mm, for example.
    The total height or thickness of the support elements is thus 10 mm, so that 30 mm of the height of the support elements per meter of wall height, that is approx. 3% deformable elements between the finished parts, must be provided.

    In der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig.3,4 liegt jedes einzelne Frontelement 1 einer Frontelement-Schar jeweils auf zwei an den Enden angeordneten Kompressions-Auflagerelementen 4 als Einfeldträger auf, die ihrerseits auf den Frontelementen 1 der darunterliegenden Frontelement-Schar bzw. auf der Gründung aufliegen.In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, 4, each individual front element 1 is one Front element coulter each on two compression support elements arranged at the ends 4 as a single field carrier, which in turn on the front elements 1 of the the underlying front element coulter or rest on the foundation.

    Die dadurch entstehende Verformbarkeit der Wand erlaubt es, die bei der Errichtung sonst auftretenden Spannungen im Bauwerk auszugleichen, wodurch sich selbsttätig ein ausgeglichener Zustand innerhalb der Stützmauer einstellt. Die Frontelemente 1 der Stützwand kommen dadurch nicht direkt miteinander in Berührung und stehen demzufolge auch nicht direkt in Kraftübertragungskontakt, wobei die zwischen den Frontelementen 1 angeordneten Auflagerelemente 4 nur Druckkräfte, also die Vertikalkomponente des Erddrucks aufzunehmen haben.The resulting deformability of the wall allows it to be used otherwise to compensate for occurring tensions in the building, which means that it is automatically activated balanced state within the retaining wall. The front elements 1 of the As a result, the retaining wall does not come into direct contact with one another and consequently stand also not directly in power transmission contact, the between the front elements 1 arranged support elements 4 only compressive forces, that is, the vertical component of the Have to record earth pressure.

    Wie aus Fig.3, 4 ersichtlich, besteht eine weitere Verbesserung bei der erfindungsgemäßen Stützwand darin, daß nur ein Teil der Frontelemente 1 mit den im Füllmaterial verankerten Zugelementen 6, 5 verbunden ist.3, 4, there is a further improvement in the invention Support wall in that only a part of the front elements 1 anchored in the filling material Tension elements 6, 5 is connected.

    Die Zugelemente 5 sind dabei fest mit den Frontelementen 1 verbunden, während die restlichen Zugelemente 6 nicht mit den Frontelementen 1 verbunden sind, sondern in den mit Füllmaterial 11 gefüllten Zwischenräumen zwischen den versetzt verlegten Frontelementen 1 enden, sodaß diese Zugelemente 6 nur innerhalb des Füllmaterials 11 zu liegen kommen. Die dadurch erzielte Vergleichmäßigung der von den Zugelementen 2 ausgehenden Stützwirkung ergibt insgesamt eine meßbare Erhöhung der Beständigkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Stützwand gegen Verrutschen.The tension elements 5 are firmly connected to the front elements 1, while the remaining tension elements 6 are not connected to the front elements 1, but in the with Filling material 11 filled spaces between the staggered front elements 1 ends, so that these tension elements 6 only come to lie within the filling material 11. The resulting leveling of the tension elements 2 The support effect results in a measurable increase in the durability of the Retaining wall according to the invention against slipping.

    Die Zugelemente 5,6 können sich dabei in das Füllmaterial 11 waagrecht oder geneigt erstrecken, werden also beim Füllungs- und Verdichtungsvorgang des Füllmaterials von unten nach oben eingebaut. Weiters kann das Füllmaterial 11 in den Zwischenräumen von einer Schicht vegetationsfähigem Bodenmaterial bedeckt sein, welches eine Bepflanzung ermöglicht. Fig.2 zeigt eine besondere Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Stützwand, wobei eine Dammkonstruktion aus zwei gegenüberliegenden Stützwänden gebildet ist, welche das Schüttmaterial 11 bzw. den Dammkörper 10 gegen ein Abrutschen sichert.The tension elements 5, 6 can be horizontal or inclined in the filling material 11 extend, so in the filling and compression process of the filling material built in from the bottom up. Furthermore, the filling material 11 in the spaces between be covered with a layer of vegetative soil material, which is a planting enables. 2 shows a special application of the retaining wall according to the invention, wherein a dam structure is formed from two opposite supporting walls, which the Bulk material 11 or the dam body 10 secures against slipping.

    Claims (9)

    Stützwand, insbesondere zur Abstützung von Hängen, Dämmen, Lärmschutzdämmen o.ä., mit über Zugelemente in einem Füllmaterial verankerten Frontelementen, die gegebenenfalls unter Ausbildung von mit dem Füllmaterial befüllbaren Zwischenräumen scharenweise gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen aufeinanderfolgenden Frontelement-Scharen vorzugsweise plastisch verformbare Kompressions-Auflagerelemente (4) angeordnet sind, welche Auflagerelemente (4) bei Auftreten eines vorbestimmbaren Drucks in vertikaler Richtung ihre Höhe, vorzugsweise entsprechend der Verdichtung des Füllmaterials (11) beim Wandaufbau, verringern.Retaining wall, in particular for supporting slopes, dams, noise barriers or the like, with front elements anchored in a filler material via tension elements, which are optionally arranged in staggered displacements to form spaces that can be filled with the filler material, characterized in that between successive front element shares preferably plastically deformable compression support elements (4) are arranged, which support elements (4) reduce their height when a predetermined pressure occurs in the vertical direction, preferably in accordance with the compression of the filler material (11) during wall construction. Stützwand nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes einzelne Frontelement (1) einer Frontelement-Schar jeweils auf zwei an den Enden angeordneten Kompressions-Auflagerelementen (4) aufliegt, die ihrerseits auf den Frontelementen (1) der darunterliegenden Frontelement-Schar bzw. auf der Gründung aufliegen.Support wall according to claim 1, characterized in that each individual front element (1) of a set of front elements rests in each case on two compression support elements (4) arranged at the ends, which in turn rest on the front elements (1) of the underlying set of front elements or the foundation. Stützwand nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auflagerelemente aus Kunststoffplatten mit einer - in Gebrauchslage gesehen - vertikalen Wabenstruktur gebildet sind.Support wall according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the support elements are formed from plastic plates with a vertical honeycomb structure - seen in the position of use. Stützwand nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nur ein Teil der Frontelemente mit den im Füllmaterial (11) verankerten Zugelementen (5, 6) verbunden ist.Support wall according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that only a part of the front elements is connected to the tension elements (5, 6) anchored in the filling material (11). Stützwand nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Teil der im Füllmaterial (11) verankerten Zugelemente (5, 6) frontelementseitig nicht mit den Frontelementen (1) verbunden ist, sondern im Füllmaterial (11) der zwischen den Frontelementen (1) ausgebildeten Zwischenräume endet.Support wall according to claim 4, characterized in that a part of the tension elements (5, 6) anchored in the filler material (11) is not connected to the front elements (1) on the front element side, but in the filler material (11) of the intermediate spaces formed between the front elements (1) ends. Stützwand nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Zugelemente (5, 6) in das Füllmaterial (11) waagrecht oder geneigt erstrecken.Support wall according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the tension elements (5, 6) extend horizontally or inclined into the filling material (11). Stützwand nach Anspruch 4, 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zugelemente (5, 6) nur innerhalb des Füllmaterials (11) zu liegen kommen.Support wall according to claim 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that the tension elements (5, 6) come to rest only within the filling material (11). Stützwand nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Frontelemente (1) aus Betonfertigteilen gebildet sind.Support wall according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the front elements (1) are formed from prefabricated concrete parts. Dammkonstruktion bestehend aus zwei gegenüberliegend angeordneten Stützwänden nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8.Dam construction consisting of two opposing support walls according to one of claims 1 to 8.
    EP99890206A 1998-06-24 1999-06-24 Retaining wall Expired - Lifetime EP0967333B1 (en)

    Priority Applications (1)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    AT99890206T ATE254700T1 (en) 1998-06-24 1999-06-24 RETAINING WALL

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    AT0109698A AT409774B (en) 1998-06-24 1998-06-24 SUPPORT WALL
    AT109698 1998-06-24

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0967333A1 true EP0967333A1 (en) 1999-12-29
    EP0967333B1 EP0967333B1 (en) 2003-11-19

    Family

    ID=3506510

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP99890206A Expired - Lifetime EP0967333B1 (en) 1998-06-24 1999-06-24 Retaining wall

    Country Status (4)

    Country Link
    EP (1) EP0967333B1 (en)
    AT (2) AT409774B (en)
    DE (1) DE59907773D1 (en)
    ES (1) ES2212515T3 (en)

    Citations (4)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US3922864A (en) * 1974-02-25 1975-12-02 Hilfiker Pipe Co Stringer for retaining wall construction
    GB2014222A (en) * 1977-11-15 1979-08-22 Transport Secretary Of State F Reinforced Earth Structures
    DE3034452A1 (en) * 1979-10-25 1981-05-07 Vollenweider, Ulrich, Dr.-Ing., Zürich WALL CONSTRUCTION
    AT383167B (en) * 1980-03-05 1987-05-25 Ebenseer Betonwerke Gmbh SUPPORT STRUCTURE

    Family Cites Families (2)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    FR2055983A5 (en) * 1969-08-14 1971-05-14 Vidal Henri
    FR2623222A1 (en) * 1987-11-13 1989-05-19 Vidal Henri EARTH STRUCTURE FACING AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION

    Patent Citations (4)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US3922864A (en) * 1974-02-25 1975-12-02 Hilfiker Pipe Co Stringer for retaining wall construction
    GB2014222A (en) * 1977-11-15 1979-08-22 Transport Secretary Of State F Reinforced Earth Structures
    DE3034452A1 (en) * 1979-10-25 1981-05-07 Vollenweider, Ulrich, Dr.-Ing., Zürich WALL CONSTRUCTION
    AT383167B (en) * 1980-03-05 1987-05-25 Ebenseer Betonwerke Gmbh SUPPORT STRUCTURE

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    EP0967333B1 (en) 2003-11-19
    ES2212515T3 (en) 2004-07-16
    ATE254700T1 (en) 2003-12-15
    DE59907773D1 (en) 2003-12-24
    ATA109698A (en) 2002-03-15
    AT409774B (en) 2002-11-25

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