Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
  • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
  • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
  • A61K9/1682—Processes
  • A61K9/1694—Processes resulting in granules or microspheres of the matrix type containing more than 5% of excipient
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
  • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
  • A61K31/192—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid 
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
  • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
  • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
  • A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K9/1641—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, poloxamers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
  • A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
  • A61K9/2077—Tablets comprising drug-containing microparticles in a substantial amount of supporting matrix; Multiparticulate tablets
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]

Definitions

• the invention deals with an active agent delivery system that has rapid release properties for active agents that are not normally readily water-soluble, methods of making the delivery system and products made therefrom.
• the fast release of the active agents from pharmaceutical dosage forms is achieved by thermoforming the active along with a solubilizing agent prior to forming the dosage form.
• U. S. Patent 4,944,949 discloses dissolving, or co-melting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in melts of nonionic surfactants such as poloxamers (col. 5, line 31) to form micelles.
• NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• Micelles are aggregates in which surfactant molecules are arranged in a spheroidal structure, with the hydrophobic regions at the core and the hydrophilic regions at the other surfaces.
• Drug:surfactant ratios of 1 :5.7 to 1 :50 are disclosed at column 12, line 57.
• U. S. Patent 5,281 ,420 shows tebufelone, an anti-inflammatory agent, in solid dispersions containing 15% to 75% tebufelone, 25% to 65% of a poloxamer surfactant (col. 1 , lines 35-51) and other ingredients.
• U. S. Patent 5,525,355 deals with laxative compositions that contain poloxamer surfactants, as stool softeners, melt-blended with stimulants.
• the ratio of surfactant to stimulant is 2:1 to 20:1 (col. 2, line 22+).
• the compositions are administered in hard gelatin capsules.
• EPO Application 0 317 780 published May 31 , 1989, shows quick-release and sustained-release formulations containing dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, poloxamer surfactants and other ingredients.
• the quick release compositions contain 0.15:1 to 0.5:1 of the water-soluble cellulosic derivative hydroxypropylmethylcellulose to a poloxamer/dihydropyridine complex (p. 6, 1. 48- 49).
• the complex contains 1 :1 to 1 :10 ratios of drug to surfactant (page 6, lines 25-27).
• WO97/02017 published January 23, 1997, discusses oral dosage forms that contain a solid dispersion of an active ingredient in a poloxamer polymer formed by solvent dissolution and melt-blending.
• the ratio of active agent to poloxamer is 0.1 :1.0 to 10.0:1.0 (page 3, line 280.
• U.S. 4,727,109 shows liquid preparations containing an active agent and a carrier system consisting of a hydrophilic component, a hydrophobic component and a solubilizer.
• the hydrophilic component may be a polyethylene glycol or a polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene copolymer. See column 2, lines 35-44.
• U.S. 5,456,923 describes solid dispersions of drugs in polymers made by extruding the two materials and pulverizing the extrudate.
• Polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene copolymers are disclosed, at column 3, lines 33-4, for use with the polymers as plasticizers.
• U.S. 5,292,461 deals with pellets produced by spraying an active agent with a wetting agent.
• Polyethylene glycols are disclosed as lubricants (col. 7, 1. 62) and agents that influence the release of the active ingredient (col. 8, 1. 1-2).
• Poloxamers are recited as surface-active agents (col. 7, 1. 65).
• the present invention is a thermoformed drug delivery system useful in making dosage forms having improved dissolution and shorter T ma ⁇ for the drug consisting essentially of from about 50% to about 80% of an undissolved solid particulate form of at least one active agent in intimate contact with from about 20% to about 50% of a polymeric solubilizing agent wherein the solid particulate active agent is generally soluble in a melt of the polymeric solubilizing agent.
• the solubilizing agent is a diblock copolymer containing polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene units. More preferably the solubilizing agent is Poloxamer 188.
• the active agent of the drug delivery system can be any drug that could benefit from the improved release properties of the present invention and which is normally soluble, or dissolvable in a melt of the polymeric solubilizer.
• the drug is selected from the group consisting of H 2 -antagonists, non-narcotic analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), anti- cholesterolemics, anti-allergy agents, anti-migraine agents and combinations thereof.
• NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• the active agent is ibuprofen.
• Fast release dosage forms include those in which T ma ⁇ , or time to maximum plasma drug concentration for the delivered drug or drug delivery form, is shortened.
• T max or time to maximum plasma drug concentration for the delivered drug or drug delivery form
• shortened Tm ax applicants refer to enhanced absorption of active agent(s) at earlier time points than would be found using conventional forms of, or delivery vehicles for, the drug.
• the product of the invention can generally release at least 80% of the active agent(s) in about 5 minutes or less in the appropriate pH environment.
• the invention can utilize any appropriate processing techniques to make the drug delivery material, including liquiflash and extrusion processes.
• the drug delivery material comprises solid particles of active agent(s) in intimate contact with, embedded in, or at least partially encapsulated or enveloped by a polymeric solubilizing agent or combinations thereof, a melt of which would normally solubilize, or dissolve the active.
• the inventive material may then be processed into particles which in turn can be processed into conventional capsules or tablets or other dosage forms, all of which will exhibit fast release properties of the active. Oral dosage forms are typical.
• thermoform thermoforming, or thermoform processing the applicants mean a process that exposes the active and the solubilizing agent to only sufficient amounts of heat, or other energy, such that the majority of active does not co-melt and mingle with the solubilizing agent, or dissolve in the solubilizing agent (melt-blend), or otherwise form a single phase with the solubilizing agent, when the solubilizing agent forms a liquid, or liquiflash phase.
• thermoform processing An important aspect of thermoform processing is the control of the tendency of the solubilizer and the active agent to combine into a single phase or dispersion during the heating process.
• the solubilizing agent should at least partially encapsulate, envelop or otherwise be in intimate contact with, solid particles of the active agent.
• Co-melts, or solid solutions of the active and solubilizing agent(s) are to be minimized and avoided as much as possible. It is believed that such forms interfere with the rapid release properties of the present invention. Solid particles of the active which have recrystallized from a co-melt of the active and solubilizer are also to be minimized.
• Liquiflash processing is one thermoform process that is known in the art and useful in the practice of this invention. Liquiflash processing is disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent 5,683,720, issued November 4, 1997. U.S. Patents 5,445,769 and 5,458,823, as well as U.S. Patent Application, Serial No. 08/874,215, filed June 13, 1997 disclose some devices that can be utilized to make the inventive thermoformed delivery products by means of liquiflash processing.
• compositions that are useful in the invention are feedstocks that contain:
• composition (b) about 50% to about 20% of a solubilizing agent.
• active ingredients useful herein can be selected from a large group of therapeutic agents. Mixtures and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these agents may also be used.
• Active agents that are sparingly soluble in biological fluids are examples of solid active agents whose dissolution and release properties are particularly enhanced by the delivery system described herein.
• These agents include, analgesics, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
• NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• Analgesics include, for example, non-narcotic analgesics such as aspirin, acetaminophen, acetaminophen plus caffeine, NSAIDs.
• Useful NSAIDs include ibuprofen; diclofenac and its alkali metal salts; fenoprofen and its metal salts; ketoprofen, naproxen and its alkali metal salts; and piroxicam and its salts.
• combinations of various types of drugs in addition to analgesics, as well as combinations of individual drugs, are contemplated.
• combinations containing non-narcotic analgesics and non-toxic antagonists for the N-methyl-D- aspartate receptor e.g. a morphinan such as dextromethorphan or dextrorphan, or a nontoxic substance that blocks a major intracellular consequence of N- methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation, such as a ganglioside are contemplated herein.
• the solubilizing agents, or solubilizers, used herein are commercially available solubilizers such as generally solid diblock copolymers containing only polyoxyethylene units and polyoxypropylene units.
• Poloxamers containing polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene block segments are particularly useful, with those having about 60% to about 90%, and particularly those having about 70% to about 80%, polyoxyethylene units being notable. Suitable polymers are sold using “Lutrol,” “Monolan” and “Pluronic” trade names (BASF manufacturer). Poloxamer 188 (Pluronic F68) is especially effective. This diblock copolymer surfactant has an average molecular weight of about 7680 to 9510. See Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (2nd Edition), 1994, pages 352-354. Other useful "Pluronic" polymers include those designated as F87, F108, F127 and F237. Another group of useful solubilizers is polyethylene glycol esters sold as “Gelucire” (Gattefosse). "Gelucire 50/13” is a polyethylene glycol-32 glyceryl palmitostearate (HLB 13).
• Solid particles formed from the inventive delivery system may optionally be coated with one or more pharmaceutical coatings after their formation.
• any coating should not significantly alter the fast release properties of the particles or dosage forms, e.g., tablets, in which they are used.
• Useful coatings include aesthetic coatings, taste-masking coatings, enteric coatings and others conventionally used in the pharmaceutical field. Coatings will be present in amounts consistent with their functions— .e. in suitable pharmaceutical amounts.
• Suitable amounts and types of pharmaceutical excipients e.g., fillers, flavors, flow control agents, lubricants, diluents and the like, such as shown below in Table 1 , may be blended with particles of the delivery systems before or during the preparation of suitable dosage forms.
• excipients are not combined, however, with the feedstock material of the delivery system prior to the thermoform processes.
• the excipients or combinations thereof may separately be subjected to thermoform processing, but they are not processed in the presence of the active/solubilizing agent delivery system feedstock.
• Solid diluents are a typical excipient useful in the formation of typical dosage forms and are generally bulking agents. They are typically present in a weight concentration which is 1/2 to 2/3 of the concentration of the delivery system.
• Useful solid diluents are microcrystalline cellulose products having particle sizes of about 20 micrometers ( ⁇ m) to about 200 micrometers.
• the Avicel products, especially Avicel PH101 (FMC) are especially effective.
• Disintegrants can be used to assist in the release of the active agent from the dosage form after the tablet has been ingested.
• Useful disintegrants include croscarmellose sodium, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), and sodium starch glycolate.
• PVPP polyvinylpolypyrrolidone
• Ac-Di-Sol a croscarmellose sodium product made by FMC, is also very useful, as is Kollidon CL-M, a micronized crospovidone. Mixtures are operable.
• One or more glidants such as starch, talc, lactose, stearates and colloidal silica can be used.
• Cab-o-sil M5 a brand of colloidal silica made by Cabot, is very useful.
• Lubricants are used in the tablet compositions, among them stearic acid, adipic acid, fatty acid esters, talc, magnesium stearate, mineral oil and the like and mixtures thereof.
• Stearic acid powder such as that made by Sherex Chemical Co., is highly effective.
• ingredients such as colorants, flavors, taste-masking agents, flow control agents, perfumes and stabilizers can be included in minor amounts.
• particles of the inventive delivery system may be coated, or encapsulated, with materials which alter such properties as stability, taste, appearance and the like, but not the rapid release properties.
• Such coatings typically contain one or more pharmaceutically acceptable polymers, e.g., cellulosics.
• Thermoform processing, and liquiflash processing in particular preferably involves providing the ingredients with a particle size of about 2 to about 500 microns, and preferably (for ibuprofen) about 5 microns. Grinding/milling may be necessary as preliminary steps to prepare the active.
• the particles of active and solubilizer are then blended and used as a feedstock for a suitable thermoforming device wherein heat and centrifugal pressure conditions are controlled to effect morphological changes in the feedstock.
• the solubilizer particles of the feedstock lose their resistance to liquid flow and become “liquiform.”
• the material is physically transformed from its original solid state, through a "liquid” state and back to a solid state instantaneously.
• the particles are also acted upon by centrifugal force, or another shearing force, which force further adds to the "liquiform" condition and causes the solubilizer portion of the feedstock to, at least partially, encapsulate the solid particle of active.
• IBP micronized ibuprofen
• Poloxamer 188 were added to a Stephan mixer in the following order: (1) one-half of the solubilizer, (2) all of the IBP, (3) the remaining portion of the solubilizer. The ingredients were mixed for about three minutes. This mixture was used as a feedstock, as follows: The feedstock was fed to the 5-inch spinning head disclosed in U. S.
• the spinning head forced the material through its orifices and the product was permitted to free fall a distance of from six to eight feet below the head.' It consists of globules containing 60:40 IBP:solubilizer. After solidifying thoroughly the delivery system material was milled using a No. 6 screen.
• the solid particles can be used as is, e.g., in a sachet, or powder, delivery system. Alternatively, they can be used in liquid, gel, tablet or capsule forms. Solid dosage forms are very effective.
• one or more coatings such as aesthetic coating(s), taste-masking coating(s) or enteric coating(s), can be applied before the particles are used to deliver active agents to individuals.
• the particles demonstrated the following dissolution properties in the pH 6 medium:
• Example II particles of 50% micronized IBP and 50% milled Poloxamer 188 were made.
• particles of the inventive delivery system made in accordance with Example I gave faster times to maximum plasma concentration (T max ) than times obtained using a commercial IBP tablet (NUPRIN, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.).
• T max was determined from the concentration data, and was found to be 1.10 hours for the particles and 1.38 hours for the commercial product.
• Ten healthy male volunteers took part in a single dose, randomized crossover study. Plasma samples were collected pre dose and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 , 1 ,25, 1 ,5, 1 ,75, 2, 2.25, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours post-dose.
• Tablets were prepared containing 58% of 60:40 ibuprofen:Pluronic F-68 particles; 35% Avicel PH101 ; 3% croscarmellose sodium; 2% Cab-o-sil and 2% Stearic acid. The ingredients were blended in a V-blender and compressed on a Killian T200 rotary tablet press using 8 x 16 mm caplet tooling.
• Each tablet is believed to contain: ibuprofen, acetylated monoglyceride, beeswax and/or carnauba wax, croscarmellose sodium, iron oxides, lecithin, methylparaben, microcrystalline cellulose, pharmaceutical glaze, povidone, propylparaben, silicon dioxide, simethicone, sodium benzoate, sodium lauryl sulfate, starch, stearic acid, sucrose, and titanium dioxide. See page 828 of the Physician's Desk Reference for Non-prescription Drugs. 19th ed. (1998).
• the ADVIL tablets had the following dissolution profile:
• the delivery system material containing the ibuprofen in the tablets of the invention dissolved faster than the commercial formulation. Seventy-seven percent (77%) of the ibuprofen in the particles was dissolved in 5 minutes, compared to 23% dissolution of ADVIL in the same time period.
• a 60:40 weight ratio mixture of micronized ibuprofen and Pluronic® F68 was extruded in a MPV 2015, 15 mm twin screw co-rotating Baker Perkins extruder.
• the extrusion process was run at an average rotational speed of about 31 rpm. After completion of these runs, another set of runs was carried out with the same mix but extruded at the higher temperature of 80° C. The processing run continued for approximately 15 minutes during which three (3) sample were collected.

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• 1998
  • 1998-09-28 BR BR9806303-0A patent/BR9806303A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-09-28 AU AU95871/98A patent/AU9587198A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-09-28 KR KR1019997005064A patent/KR20000069356A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-09-28 CA CA002273272A patent/CA2273272C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-09-28 WO PCT/US1998/020266 patent/WO1999017744A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-09-28 EP EP98949575A patent/EP0966269A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1998-09-28 JP JP11521930A patent/JP2000507991A/ja active Pending

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