EP0963506B1 - Kolben für eine hydrostatische maschine - Google Patents
Kolben für eine hydrostatische maschine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0963506B1 EP0963506B1 EP98906903A EP98906903A EP0963506B1 EP 0963506 B1 EP0963506 B1 EP 0963506B1 EP 98906903 A EP98906903 A EP 98906903A EP 98906903 A EP98906903 A EP 98906903A EP 0963506 B1 EP0963506 B1 EP 0963506B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- inner tube
- outer tube
- piston
- tube
- trough
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F01B3/0082—Details
- F01B3/0085—Pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/122—Details or component parts, e.g. valves, sealings or lubrication means
- F04B1/124—Pistons
Definitions
- the invention relates to a piston for a hydrostatic machine, in particular a Axial piston machine, and a method for producing such a piston.
- Hollow pistons are already known in various designs and are usually manufactured using a machining process. Designs with one for Working cylinder open cavity have the disadvantage that the cavity in each Piston stroke is filled with pressurized fluid. As a result, this volume range is compressed and relaxed again with each piston stroke, resulting in a Deterioration in efficiency leads. Therefore, it is advantageous to use the cavity Complete hollow piston. So far it has been customary to use a hollow piston with a cover to seal that with the main body of the piston by rotary friction welding, Electron beam welding or laser welding is connected. Such hollow pistons are e.g. known from DE-OS 23 64 725. By means of electron beam or laser welding manufactured hollow pistons go e.g. from DE 36 02 651 A1 and US 33 19 575 out.
- This known hollow piston has in common that the main body and the cover in a complex, cutting process must be prefabricated before the Cover is welded to the main body.
- the invention is therefore based on a piston made from a tubular blank according to the preamble of claim 1, known from DE 34 06 782 C2 is.
- the process for producing these pistons is relatively inexpensive because it is machining Machining steps are not necessary, but the piston by rolling or rolling is obtained in a particularly simple manner from a tubular blank. With this known method, however, it has not been possible to use hollow pistons with a Manufacturing the cylinder of the hydrostatic machine closed cavity.
- the invention has for its object a hollow piston for a hydrostatic To create a machine with at least one closed cavity that is special is simple and a method for producing such a hollow piston specify that with cost-saving manufacturing steps and a low Needs material.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that the known deformation process for Forming a piston from a tubular blank to produce a Hollow piston can be further developed in which a second tubular blank
- the inner blank is used in the first blank, which acts as the outer tube is inserted before the deformation.
- the outer tube is then deformed until this rests on the inner tube at least in the end regions.
- By more Deformation is formed in the inner tube a trough or a shoulder that the Axial fixation of the inner tube on the outer tube causes.
- This creates a piston with an outside formed between the inner tube and the outer tube closed cavity.
- the piston is in a circular kneading process without any machining production step can be produced. This manufacturing process is Particularly cost-effective, especially for the series production of large quantities.
- Can also be particularly advantageous in the area of the ball joint part between the inner tube and the outer tube may be formed a further cavity according to claim 2. This further reduces the weight of the piston according to the invention.
- the inner tube at the ball end and / or on a trough and / or a the end of the shaft, but also in the region of the neck part Have shoulder in the deformation of the outer tube and the inner tube is formed so that the outer tube lies closely against the inner tube in this area. In this way, an axial fixation of the inner tube in the outer tube is achieved.
- Opening cross section of the inner tube be narrowed so far that a flow restrictor arises.
- the opening cross section of the flow restrictor is due to the deformation of the Inner tube adjustable.
- Claims 8 to 12 contain advantageous developments of the invention Manufacturing process.
- the outer tube can be deformed so that it also in Area of the neck part abuts the inner tube. This will increase the strength and Flexural rigidity of the piston according to the invention further improved.
- claim 10 can advantageously be deformed so far during the deformation of the inner tube, that in the area of the axial fixation serving trough and / or shoulder Flow throttle is formed with a predetermined opening cross section. The Opening cross section of the flow restrictor can thereby according to claim 11 be determined that before the deformation of the inner tube in this a fixing body is introduced, which is removed again after the deformation of the inner tube.
- FIG. 2 Axial piston machine 1 is not conventional, but conventional Hollow piston equipped.
- the axial piston machine 1 shown in FIG. 2 is of swash plate construction adjustable displacement and executed in a known manner as essential components a hollow cylindrical housing 2, one attached to the housing 1 Terminal block 3, a swash plate 4, a control body 5, a drive shaft 6 and one Cylinder drum 7 in which the cylinder bores 8, 9 are radially evenly distributed are arranged.
- the hollow pistons 10, 11 are displaceable in the cylinder bores 8, 9 arranged, which are formed in the embodiment as ball heads 12, 13 Ball joint parts of the hollow pistons 10, 11 via sliding shoes 14, 15 on the swash plate 4 support.
- An actuating device 17 accommodated in a bulge 16 of the housing 2 engages via an arm 18 extending in the direction of the connection block 3 on the Swashplate 4 and serves to pivot the same by one to the pivoting direction vertical swivel axis.
- the control body 5 is on the inner surface of the housing facing the Terminal blocks 3 attached and with two through openings in the form of kidney-shaped control slots 19, 20 provided via a pressure channel 21 or Suction channel 22 in the connection block 3 to a pressure or suction line, not shown are connected.
- the spherical one facing the housing interior Control surface of the control body 5 serves as a bearing surface for the cylinder drum 7.
- the drive shaft 6 protrudes through a through hole in the housing end wall 23 in the Housing 2 and is by means of a bearing 24 in this through hole and mounted rotatably in the connection block 3 by means of a further bearing 25.
- the Cylinder drum 7 is non-rotatably connected to drive shaft 6 by means of a keyway connection 26 connected.
- the cylinder bores are provided with orifices 27, 28 on the same Pitch circle as the control slots 19, 20 of the control body 5 open out.
- Cylinder bores 8, 9 each have a bushing 29, 30 inserted.
- Each slide shoe 14, 15 is on the sliding plate 31 of the swash plate 4 facing sliding surface with one each Not shown pressure bag provided, each via a through hole 32, 33 in Slide shoe 14, 15 on a stepped, axial through channel 34, 35 in the associated Pistons 10, 11 connected and in this way with the piston 10, 11 in the Cylinder bore 8, 9 delimited working space of the cylinder is connected.
- the present invention relates to a further development on the hollow pistons 10, 11.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B show the two tubular blanks 40 and 41 for the in Fig. 1C in an intermediate state and shown in its finished state in FIG. 1D Hollow pistons 10 'and 10 according to the invention.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B each show one axial section through the blanks 40 and 41, while FIGS. 1C and 1D an axial Show section through the entire hollow piston 10 according to the invention.
- 1A shown hollow cylindrical blank 40 with a uniform wall thickness forms the Outer tube 40 'of the hollow piston 10 according to the invention, while the hollow cylindrical one Blank 41 with a uniform wall thickness, the inner tube 41 'of hollow piston 10 according to the invention forms.
- the blank 41 of the Inner tube 41 ' inserted into the blank 40 of the outer tube 40' and then the blank 40 of the outer tube 40 'deformed so that in the manner shown in Fig. 1C
- the shaft part 42, the ball joint part 43 and the ball joint part 43 with the shaft part 42 connecting neck portion 44 are formed. This is preferably done by rolling or kneading the blank 41 in an the outer contour of the hollow piston in the in Fig. 1C shown intermediate state specifying die.
- the Blanks 40 and 41 deformed when cold.
- the shaft part 42 has the Deformation of the blank 40 forming the outer tube 40 'has a cylindrical surface 45 which awards the tread of the piston 10 according to the invention.
- the spherical Surface 46 formed for the ball joint part 43 is preferred a ball head corresponding to that shown in Figs. 1C and 1D Embodiment that with a spherical formed in the shoes 14, 15 Recess cooperates.
- the Ball joint part 43 of the hollow piston 10 is designed as a spherical recess and with a corresponding ball head of the associated slide shoe 14 or 15 interacts.
- the outer tube 40 ′ is preferably also so in the region of the neck part 44 widely deformed that the outer tube 40 'abuts the inner tube 41' there.
- the diameter of the neck part 44 is then determined by the outer diameter of the inner tube 41 ' and the wall thickness of the outer tube 40 'is predetermined.
- the outer diameter of the inner tube 41 'and the inner diameter of the outer tube 40' are coordinated so that at least in the area of the shaft part 42 annular cavity 51 is created.
- Preferably and in the embodiment of the 1C and 1D is also shown in the area of the ball joint part 43 further annular cavity 52 between the inner tube 41 'and the outer tube 40' created.
- the two cavities 51 and 52 are outwardly by kneading the Outer tube 40 'with the inner tube 41' at the end portion 42 and the end portion 48 on the shaft part side hermetically sealed and preferably sealed liquid-tight, so that the penetration of pressure fluid in these pipes 41 and 42 is prevented.
- the inner tube 41 'and the outer tube 40' can also be welded together.
- the cavities 51 and 52 bring about a considerable weight reduction of the hollow piston 10 according to the invention compared to conventional pistons in solid construction, so that the centrifugal and inertial forces exerted by the pistons 10 are considerably reduced are.
- a further weight reduction can be achieved in that the inner tube 41 ' made of a material with a low specific weight, e.g. Aluminum. This is possible because the inner tube 41 'is one compared to the outer tube 40' is exposed to significantly lower mechanical stress. On the other hand, it is too possible for the inner tube 41 'to be an inexpensive material of lower quality use, so that the manufacturing costs for the hollow piston 10th invention be further reduced.
- the desired opening cross section of the flow restrictors 53 and 54 is about Deformation of the inner tube 41 'in the region of the depression 49 and the shoulder 50 is adjustable.
- the variation in the opening cross section of the flow restrictors 53 and 54 can either by using different matrices or different radial ones Contact forces take place.
- the trough 49 also creates the trumpet-like shape that is also desired Opening 56 at the opening of the interior 55 of the ball joint part Inner tube 41 '.
- This trumpet-shaped opening 46 acts with a corresponding one trumpet-shaped opening in the associated slide shoe 14, 15 together, so that the Pressurized fluid connection between the hollow piston 10 and the sliding shoes 14, 15 in each angular position of the hollow piston 10 is ensured.
- FIG. 1D shows the hollow piston 10 according to the invention in its finished state.
- the Hollow piston 10 according to the invention was taken along the dash-dotted contour line 57 in 1C, preferably with a machining step of a revision subjected to the hollow piston 10 according to the invention in the desired final contour receive.
- this finishing step can also be omitted or only one Machining the treads 45 e.g. be limited by grinding.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1A
- einen axialen Längsschnitt durch den Rohling des Außenrohrs zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Kolbens,
- Fig. 1B
- einen axialen Längsschnitt durch den Rohling des Innenrohrs zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Kolbens,
- Fig. 1C
- einen axialen Längsschnitt durch den erfindungsgemäßen Kolben nach der Verformung des Außen- und Innenrohrs,
- Fig. 1D
- einen axialen Längsschnitt durch den erfindungsgemäßen Kolben in seinem Fertigzustand, und
- Fig. 2
- einen axialen Längsschnitt durch eine Axialkolbenmaschine, bei welcher der erfindungsgemäße Kolben einsetzbar ist.
Claims (12)
- Kolben (10) für eine hydrostatische Maschine (1) mit einem Außenrohr (40'), das zu einem Schaftteil (42) und einem über ein Halsteil (44) mit dem Schaftteil (42) verbundenes Kugelgelenkteil (43) ausgeformt ist,
gekennzeichnet durch
ein sich im Inneren des Außenrohres (40) über dessen gesamte Länge erstreckendes Innenrohr (41), das an dem Außenrohr (40) an dem gemeinsamen kugelgelenkteilseitigen Ende (47) und an dem gemeinsamen schaftteilseitigen Ende (48) dichtend fixiert ist,
wobei der Außendurchmesser des Innenrohres (41') und der Innendurchmesser des Außenrohres (40') so bemessen sind, daß zumindest im Bereich des Schaftteils (42) zwischen dem Innenrohr (41') und dem Außenrohr (40') ein Hohlraum (51) ausgebildet ist. - Kolben nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Bereich des Kugelgelenkteils (46) zwischen dem Innenrohr (41') und dem Außenrohr (40') ein weiterer Hohlraum (52) ausgebildet ist. - Kolben nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Außenrohr (40') im Bereich des Halsteils (44) an dem Innenrohr (41') anliegt. - Kolben nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an dem kugelgelenkteilseitigen Ende (47) und/oder an dem schaftteilseitigen Ende (48) und/oder im Bereich des Halsteils (44) an dem Innenrohr (41') eine Mulde (49) und/oder eine Schulter (50) ausgeformt ist, in bzw. an welcher das Außenrohr (40') zur axialen Fixierung des Innenrohres (41') eng anliegt. - Kolben nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Bereich der Mulde (49) und/oder der Schulter (50) der Öffnungsquerschnitt des Innenrohres (41') so weit verengt ist, daß eine Strömungsdrossel (53, 54) gebildet ist, die die Strömung eines Druckfluids durch das Innenrohr (41') drosselt. - Kolben nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Festigkeit des Außenrohres (40') größer ist als die Festigkeit des Innenrohres (41'). - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kolbens (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, mit folgenden Verfahrensschritten:Einführen eines Rohlings (41) für das Innenrohr (41') in einen Rohling (40) für das Außenrohr (41'), undVerformen des Rohlings (40) des Außenrohres (40') zur Ausbildung des Schaftteils (42), des Kugelgelenkteils (46) und des Halsteils (44), so daß das Außenrohr (40') an dem Innenrohr (41') an dem gemeinsamen kugelgelenkteilseitigen Ende (47) und dem gemeinsamen schaftteilseitigen Ende (48) anliegt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7,
gekennzeichnet durch
weiteres Verformen des Außenrohres (40') gemeinsam mit dem Innenrohr (41') bis an dem Innenrohr (41') eine Mulde (49) und/oder eine Schulter (50) ausgebildet ist, in welcher das Innenrohr (41') an dem Außenrohr (40') fixiert ist. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Außenrohr (40') so verformt wird, daß es auch im Bereich des Halsteils (44) an dem Innenrohr (41') anliegt. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Innenrohr (41') so weit verformt wird, bis im Bereich der Mulde (49) und/oder der Schulter (50) eine Strömungsdrossel (53, 54) mit vorgebbarem Öffnungsquerschnitt ausgebildet ist. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor der Verformung des Innenrohres (41') in dieses ein insbesondere hohlzylinderförmiger oder zylinderförmiger Fixierungskörper eingeführt wird, der den Öffnungsquerschnitt der Strömungsdrossel (43, 44) festlegt und nach der Verformung des Innenrohres (41') aus diesem entfernt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenkontur (57) des Kolbens (10) mittels eines insbesondere zerspanenden Bearbeitungsverfahrens überarbeitet wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19706075 | 1997-02-17 | ||
DE19706075A DE19706075C2 (de) | 1997-02-17 | 1997-02-17 | Kolben für eine hydrostatische Maschine |
PCT/EP1998/000551 WO1998036156A1 (de) | 1997-02-17 | 1998-02-02 | Kolben für eine hydrostatische maschine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0963506A1 EP0963506A1 (de) | 1999-12-15 |
EP0963506B1 true EP0963506B1 (de) | 2002-04-10 |
Family
ID=7820520
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98906903A Expired - Lifetime EP0963506B1 (de) | 1997-02-17 | 1998-02-02 | Kolben für eine hydrostatische maschine |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6237467B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0963506B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3926397B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19706075C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998036156A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010032236A1 (de) | 2010-07-26 | 2012-01-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hohlkolbens und entsprechender Hohlkolben |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19938046A1 (de) * | 1999-08-12 | 2001-03-08 | Brueninghaus Hydromatik Gmbh | Hohlkolben für eine Kolbenmaschine und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Hohlkolbens |
US6318242B1 (en) * | 1999-10-26 | 2001-11-20 | Sauer-Danfoss Inc. | Filled hydraulic piston and method of making the same |
US6732633B1 (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2004-05-11 | Sauer-Danfoss Inc. | Reduced dead volume hollow piston |
DE10305136A1 (de) | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-26 | Brueninghaus Hydromatik Gmbh | Hohlkolben für eine Kolbenmaschine und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Hohlkolbens |
DE10341791B4 (de) | 2003-09-10 | 2005-09-29 | Brueninghaus Hydromatik Gmbh | Hohlkolben für eine Kolbenmaschine und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Hohlkolbens |
DE102004061863A1 (de) | 2004-12-22 | 2006-07-06 | Brueninghaus Hydromatik Gmbh | Kolben für Axialkolbenmaschine in Schrägachsenbauweise und Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Kolben |
US7483344B2 (en) * | 2005-02-14 | 2009-01-27 | Quantum Corporation | Compact picker systems and methods for automated storage libraries |
JP2014152690A (ja) * | 2013-02-07 | 2014-08-25 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | ピストン |
CH707789A1 (de) | 2013-03-25 | 2014-09-30 | Liebherr Machines Bulle Sa | Kolben für eine Axialkolbenmaschine. |
KR101952832B1 (ko) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-02-27 | 최유섭 | 유압펌프용 피스톤 제조방법 |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3068563A (en) * | 1958-11-05 | 1962-12-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Metal joining method |
US3319575A (en) * | 1965-06-14 | 1967-05-16 | Sundstrand Corp | Piston |
DE1593775A1 (de) | 1967-04-13 | 1971-03-25 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 1,2-Diaminen |
FR1593775A (de) * | 1968-11-28 | 1970-06-01 | ||
DE2364725C2 (de) * | 1973-12-27 | 1985-12-12 | Sundstrand Corp., 61101 Rockford, Ill. | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kolbens |
DE2653867A1 (de) * | 1976-11-26 | 1978-06-01 | Linde Ag | Hohlkolben und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
DE3204264A1 (de) * | 1982-02-08 | 1983-08-18 | Char'kovskij politechničeskij institut imeni V.I. Lenina, Char'kov | Mehrteiliger kolben fuer hydraulische verdraengungsmaschinen und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
DE3406782A1 (de) * | 1983-02-25 | 1984-08-30 | Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | Kolben fuer eine hydrostatische maschine |
DE3609892A1 (de) * | 1985-03-26 | 1986-10-09 | Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | Hohlkolben fuer eine hydrostatische kolbenmaschine und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
DE3602651C2 (de) * | 1986-01-29 | 1995-03-30 | Linde Ag | Hohlkolben für eine Axialkolbenmaschine und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE3732648A1 (de) * | 1987-09-28 | 1989-04-13 | Brueninghaus Hydraulik Gmbh | Kolben fuer axialkolbenmaschinen |
DE3804424C1 (en) * | 1988-02-12 | 1989-08-24 | Hydromatik Gmbh, 7915 Elchingen, De | Piston for axial-piston machines |
DE3919329C1 (de) * | 1989-06-13 | 1990-12-06 | Hydromatik Gmbh, 7915 Elchingen, De | |
US5265331A (en) | 1992-01-16 | 1993-11-30 | Caterpillar Inc. | Method of manufacturing a piston for an axial piston fluid translating device |
DE4423023C2 (de) | 1994-06-30 | 1998-07-09 | Brueninghaus Hydromatik Gmbh | Axialkolbenmaschine mit einem Kühlkreislauf für die Zylinder und Kolben |
-
1997
- 1997-02-17 DE DE19706075A patent/DE19706075C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-02-02 EP EP98906903A patent/EP0963506B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-02 WO PCT/EP1998/000551 patent/WO1998036156A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1998-02-02 JP JP53528398A patent/JP3926397B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-02-02 DE DE59803743T patent/DE59803743D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-02 US US09/331,918 patent/US6237467B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010032236A1 (de) | 2010-07-26 | 2012-01-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hohlkolbens und entsprechender Hohlkolben |
WO2012013588A1 (de) | 2010-07-26 | 2012-02-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung eines hohlkolbens und entsprechender hohlkolben |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2001511863A (ja) | 2001-08-14 |
DE59803743D1 (de) | 2002-05-16 |
DE19706075A1 (de) | 1998-08-20 |
DE19706075C2 (de) | 2001-05-17 |
US6237467B1 (en) | 2001-05-29 |
JP3926397B2 (ja) | 2007-06-06 |
WO1998036156A1 (de) | 1998-08-20 |
EP0963506A1 (de) | 1999-12-15 |
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