Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B53/00—Golf clubs
  • A63B53/04—Heads
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B53/00—Golf clubs
  • A63B53/04—Heads
  • A63B53/0416—Heads having an impact surface provided by a face insert
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B53/00—Golf clubs
  • A63B53/04—Heads
  • A63B53/0433—Heads with special sole configurations
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B53/00—Golf clubs
  • A63B53/04—Heads
  • A63B53/0445—Details of grooves or the like on the impact surface
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B53/00—Golf clubs
  • A63B53/04—Heads
  • A63B53/0458—Heads with non-uniform thickness of the impact face plate
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B53/00—Golf clubs
  • A63B53/04—Heads
  • A63B53/0458—Heads with non-uniform thickness of the impact face plate
  • A63B53/0462—Heads with non-uniform thickness of the impact face plate characterised by tapering thickness of the impact face plate
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B53/00—Golf clubs
  • A63B53/04—Heads
  • A63B53/0466—Heads wood-type
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B53/00—Golf clubs
  • A63B53/04—Heads
  • A63B53/047—Heads iron-type
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like

Definitions

• the invention relates to improvements in construction of golf club heads and faces for golf clubs such as a driver, iron or putter.
• a large variety of materials have been proposed and in fact used and offered commercially as golf club heads and faces. These materials have been applied monolithically or as inserts in the club face in an attempt to achieve more distance and/or more control over the ball.
• the list of materials includes polymers, ceramics, and metals, typically the most common, stainless steels, BeCu, and lately various titanium alloys, and shape memory materials such as NiTi based and copper based alloys.
• Each of these materials has individual properties, different from each other but basically uniform unto themselves and hence provide a surface on a golf club that impacts the golf ball with essentially uniform mechanical properties across the face.
• a typical titanium alloy such as Titanium 6-4 has a modulus of about 15 million psi and a yield strength of about 120,000 psi at a strain of less than 1 %.
• Other materials will have different moduli and different yield strengths with different associated strain levels but as noted uniform properties as to themselves as used on the face of a golf club.
• the invention provides a golf ball striking face of a golf club wherein first and second zones of material are distributed across the striking face, one or more of the first zones being surrounded by one or more of the second zones and the one or more first zones having a higher or lower modulus of elasticity than the one or more second zones.
• the first and second zones can be differentially heat treated zones of a unitary piece of metallic material.
• a plurality of the first zones can comprise discrete pieces of a first material such as a shape memory alloy and the second zone can comprise a unitary piece of a second material such as ⁇ -titanium or stainless steel wherein the first zones are embedded in the second material.
• a plurality of the first zones can comprise individual wire segments arranged in a pattern with central axes of the wire segments intersecting an exposed surface of the striking face.
• the striking face can be planar or non-planar.
• a plurality of the first zones can comprise discrete pieces arranged in a pattern and the second zone can comprise a frame surrounding the first zones.
• the first zones can have various shapes such as polyhedral shapes, cylindrical shapes or any other desired shape.
• a plurality of the second zones can be separated by a plurality of the first zones such as alternating rings of first and second zones.
• the first zones can comprise an annular ring and the second zones can include an inner second zone surrounded by the first zone and an outer second zone surrounding the first zone.
• the first zones can comprise a perimeter weighting arrangement of an insert or club head of a golf club.
• third zones of material can surround the first and second zones wherein the third zones comprise a dense material providing perimeter weighting of an insert or club head of a golf club.
• the first zones can comprise solid or hollow metallic members.
• the one or more first zones can comprise wires of single crystal CuNiAI and the wires can be arranged with central axes thereof intersecting the striking face.
• FIG. 1 shows a golf club incorporating a striking face in accordance with the invention
• FIG. 2 shows a "pixel" arrangement in accordance with the invention
• FIGS. 3- 13 show various "pixel" arrangements in accordance with the invention.
• FIG. 14 shows a "pixel” arrangement in accordance with the invention wherein the striking face is non-planar
• FIG. 15 shows a "pixel” arrangement in accordance with the invention wherein the wires forming the individual pixels comprise curved wire segments;
• FIG. 16 shows a "pixel" arrangement in accordance with the invention wherein the pixels comprise tubes
• FIGS. 17-21 show an embodiment of the invention wherein a plate of material is differentially heat treated to create zones having different properties;
• FIGS. 22-23 show an embodiment of the invention wherein the first zones comprise inserts received in grooves of a base material;
• FIG. 24 shows a stress/strain curve of a wire sample of a single crystal CuNiAI wire
• FIGS. 25-26 show an embodiment of the invention incorporating perimeter weighting
• FIG. 27 shows a prior art perimeter weighting arrangement.
• the invention allows the mechanical properties of the striking face of a golf club to be controlled and varied at will in incremental areas on the impact face of the club of as small as 0.0001 square inches. Use of the invention can hence allow the properties of the club face to vary in any pattern over the impact area.
• an elliptically-shaped "sweet spot" 2 on the club face 4 of a driver-type golf club 6 can be created that varies mechanical properties in concentric rings (or any other desirable patterns) in the impact area from high modulus to low modulus and/or any combination of high yield strength and elastic strain characteristics.
• An analogy to aid in understanding the invention is a TV screen. Picture the TV screen as the impact area of the golf club and the individual pixels as individually selectable materials from the whole gamut of available materials.
• any conceivable pattern or combination of materials properties can be achieved on the "screen” (impact face) by simply selecting the pixels, as desired, by analogy as a TV image on the screen can be generated. Further picture the individual pixels themselves as having selectable geometry such as round or hexagonal shape. For example, if hexagonal geometry were chosen for individual pixels, the pixels would stack in a manner essentially "tight packed” allowing almost no space between individual pixels while if a round geometry is chosen, the stacked pixels 8 would create interstices 10 (see FIG. 2) between pixels that in turn could be made from any desirable material either the same or different from the round pixels themselves. It can be seen that an infinite combination of materials properties can be created by the combination of choice of "pixel" size and shape and material.
• the range of the invention allows, at one end uniform properties across the golf club face by selection of a single material, and at the other end an infinite variation of properties in any pattern across the face, by selection of the "pixel" size, shape and material.
• the method to create the striking face according to the invention is quite simple. Using the TV screen analogy, picture the pixels as the ends of individual wires of selected materials such as titanium or polymer or preferably highly elastic shape memory materials (e.g., NiTi based materials). As shown in FIG. 3, the hexagonal-shaped wires 12 are tightly packed into a frame 14 and bonded in a matrix of epoxy polymer (or sintered metal powder or solder or other adhesive matrix).
• FIGS. 4-7 illustrate the invention in several forms.
• FIG. 4 shows round "pixels' 18 of uniform diameter in a matrix 20 of epoxy polymer.
• FIG. 5 shows the pixels 22 as tight packed hexagon cross sections,
• FIG. 6 shows a frame 24 which mates with the hexagon-shaped pixels, and
• FIG. 7 shows a combination including a variation of pixel sizes 26,28. Note that the frame can be retained as part of the insert or removed after the "pixels" are bonded together.
• FIG. 1 illustrates an elliptical "sweet spot" 2 in which the central zone is of a material with a high modulus and progressively the modulus is varied toward the borders of the impact face by selecting materials with progressively lower modulus.
• the opposite combination of materials properties e.g., low modulus at the center/high modulus at the outside
• the preferred embodiments of the invention include versions designed for maximum control (minimum dispersion), maximum distance, or ideal combinations of distance and control.
• pixels 30,32,34,36,38,40,42,44,46,48,50 are arranged within frames 52,54,56,58,60,62,64.
• the thickness of the "pixel” matrix can also be varied to create a "z" axis variation in mechanical response of the club face. This thickness variation can be accomplished by machining of the front or back or both sides of the framed insert or the impact surface of the insert can consist of shorter and longer "pixels" that create a 3 dimensional effect on the impact surface as illustrated in FIG. 14 wherein striking face 66 has a curvature of radius R and the pixels 46 increase in length towards the middle of frame 60. Since materials can be individually selected for properties, surface geometry of the impact surface can also be modified and customized by selective chemical etching of the surface.
• the frame constraining the pixel matrix can be made of materials such as stainless steel, by machining, forging or casting.
• a polymer frame may also be created by molding or machining.
• a temporary frame may be used to create the insert form as a matrix bonded together by epoxy resin and then the frame may be removed leaving a frameless insert for application to the club face in an appropriate recess or receiving cavity on the club.
• the back side of the "pixel" matrix may be supported by the frame structure or the receiving cavity of the club may support the backside of the matrix or both in combination.
• the individual wires 48 may be curved or bowed (see FIG. 15) to allow both compression and bending strain upon impact with the ball.
• the individual pixels 50 may also be hollow; for example, thin wall tubes either empty or the lumen filled with another material such as polymer or alternately filled or partially filled with metal or polymer or ceramic material, as shown in FIG. 16.
• An insert for a golf club “driver” consisting of optimized elastic nickel- titanium wires and beta titanium wires in an epoxy matrix with the higher modulus beta titanium wires forming an outer circular zone of impact and the lower modulus nickel-titanium forming a circular inner zone of impact.
• This embodiment allows a combination of long distance from the high modulus beta titanium and control from the lower modulus very highly elastic non linear strain characteristics of the nickel-titanium. This arrangement approximates the strain distribution on the ball as it is deformed by the face of the club. Closer /4
• An insert for a golf club "iron” consisting of a matrix of hexagonal wires per the invention made from highly damping superelastic NiTi alloy or a combination of superelastic NiTi and martensitic NiTi alloy materials. This embodiment would allow a solid yet vibration reduced feel upon impact since the NiTi material in a superelastic or optimized elastic condition has a damping effect resulting from energy abso ⁇ tion deriving from its stress/strain hysterises behavior.
• "Putter” Example An insert for a golf club putter consisting of a matrix of martensitic NiTi wires alone or in combination with polymer wires.
• FIG. 17 shows an insert 70 for a golf ball striking surface of a golf club wherein the insert is a solid piece of NiTi based shape memory alloy.
• the solid piece of NiTi is differentially heat treated such as in a uniform or non-uniform pattern to control the mechanical properties across the interface and achieve an effect similar to the "pixel" approach discussed above.
• the differential heat treatment preferably provides finite zones 72 surrounded by or surrounding adjacent zones which are unaffected by the heat treatment.
• the heat treatment can be implemented, for example, by patterning electrodes arranged pe ⁇ endicular to and opposing the surface being heat treated and passing AC or DC current through the electrodes.
• the heat treatment step can be carried out by running electrical current from electrode to electrode through the material in order to effect localized heating and provide one or more heat treated zones corresponding to the shape or shapes of the opposed electrodes.
• a nickel-titanium based shape memory alloy insert 70 for a club face is located between a pair of opposed electrodes 74,76.
• FIG. 18 shows a plan view of the NiTi insert 70 differentially heat treated in FIG. 17. As shown in FIG. 18, the heat treated zone 72 is circular in shape.
• FIGS. 19-21 show examples of patterns of heat treated zones 78,80,82 which can be obtained by differentially heat treating NiTi 84,86,88 inserts for golf club faces. As shown in these figures, by patterning the electrodes and/or by the geometry of the electrodes themselves, differential mechanical properties can be achieved in large variety of patterns that can be idealized for control of the flight of a golf ball.
• FIG. 19 shows a heat treated zone 78 in the shape of an annular ring and such a heat treated zone could be created by a pair of opposed tubular electrodes.
• FIG. 20 shows a ring of circular heat treated zones which together form an annular zone 80 created by one or more pairs of opposed electrodes of the type shown in FIG. 17.
• FIG. 21 shows an example of "strip" heat treated zones 82 created by one or more pairs of opposed strip electrodes (e.g., plate-type electrodes).
• FIGS. 22-23 show an example of a composite insert 90 for a striking face of a golf club.
• the insert includes a base material 92 having one or more embedded members 94 of a material selected for pu ⁇ oses of modifying the properties of the insert.
• the additional members 94 can be spaced more closely together in the central region of the insert than at the outer edges thereof.
• the base material can include grooves 96 for receiving the additional members 94.
• the grooves can be provided in any desired pattern such as a uniform pattern or non-uniform pattern (e.g., the grooves can be provided with progressively increasing spacing therebetween towards the outer periphery of the insert).
• the material of the inserts preferably provides a different modulus than the base material.
• the grooves are shown as extending vertically the grooves could extend in any desired direction or have any desired shape (e.g., the grooves could be provided in a horizontal, angled or mixed pattern which combines more than one shape or orientation of the grooves).
• An insert for a striking face of a golf club includes "pixels" (as described earlier) of single crystal CuNiAI. Such an insert would allow much greater deformations of the club insert striking surface. This material has extreme strain ability to deform elastically up to 12-14% strain with a "plateau” at low stress and full elastic recovery with very low hysteresis.
• FIG. 24 is a stress/strain curve of a wire sample of single crystal CuNiAI having a diameter of 0.060 inch. The strain properties of such material would allow a golf ball to remain on the club for a longer period of time giving an increased feel of control to the user.
• FIG. 25 shows an example of how perimeter weighting can be added to the golf club according to the invention.
• the central region 100 of the club face can include a pixel or other arrangement such as shown in FIGS. 1-23.
• the central region is entirely or partly surrounded by high density "pixels" 102 such as rods of heavy materials such as pure metals (e.g., uranium, tungsten, molybdenum, lead, etc.).
• the perimeter weighting concept allows the striking face to be made much thinner.
• the cross-section of an "iron-type" club face 104 having the perimeter weighting 102 can be substantially uniform in thickness whereas a conventional cast or forged stainless steel iron-type club, such as is shown in FIG. 27, has an increased cross-section around the top 106 and bottom 108 thereof.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Golf Clubs (AREA)
• Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

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Citations (7)

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• 1997
  • 1997-05-07 JP JP54006997A patent/JP4140063B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1997-05-07 ES ES97925443T patent/ES2237797T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-05-07 DE DE69732430T patent/DE69732430T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1997-05-07 EP EP97925443A patent/EP0963221B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-05-07 AT AT97925443T patent/ATE288307T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1997-05-07 WO PCT/US1997/007481 patent/WO1997041928A1/en active IP Right Grant

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