EP0960797A2 - Übertragungssystem insbesondere für verkehrstechnische Systeme - Google Patents
Übertragungssystem insbesondere für verkehrstechnische Systeme Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0960797A2 EP0960797A2 EP99109061A EP99109061A EP0960797A2 EP 0960797 A2 EP0960797 A2 EP 0960797A2 EP 99109061 A EP99109061 A EP 99109061A EP 99109061 A EP99109061 A EP 99109061A EP 0960797 A2 EP0960797 A2 EP 0960797A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transmission system
- voltage
- capacitor
- transmission
- resistor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L21/00—Station blocking between signal boxes in one yard
- B61L21/04—Electrical locking and release of the route; Electrical repeat locks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L3/00—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal
- B61L3/02—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control
- B61L3/08—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically
- B61L3/12—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves
- B61L3/121—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves using magnetic induction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L3/00—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal
- B61L3/02—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control
- B61L3/08—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically
- B61L3/12—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves
- B61L3/126—Constructional details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L3/00—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal
- B61L3/16—Continuous control along the route
- B61L3/22—Continuous control along the route using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using electromagnetic radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L7/00—Remote control of local operating means for points, signals, or track-mounted scotch-blocks
- B61L7/06—Remote control of local operating means for points, signals, or track-mounted scotch-blocks using electrical transmission
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L19/00—Arrangements for interlocking between points and signals by means of a single interlocking device, e.g. central control
- B61L19/06—Interlocking devices having electrical operation
- B61L2019/065—Interlocking devices having electrical operation with electronic means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transmission system, in particular for traffic engineering systems according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of a transmission system in particular for to create traffic communication systems that have a high reliability and can be realized with less effort.
- the transmission system according to the invention has high reliability and can be inexpensive will be realized.
- data is transmitted in one direction over the transmission line and at the receiving end detected.
- Carrier signals that are modulated in both directions can also be transmitted via the transmission line be transmitted. At least one of these signals is preferably used for the detection of Transmitted data used impedance changes, It is particularly advantageous that for detection module provided by impedance changes carrier-frequency signals that are transmitted via the transmission line transferred, hardly burdened.
- transmission lines with different lengths and Impedances can be used.
- Fig. 1 shows a system through which data from a logic module LOG provided in a balise B. can be transmitted via a transmission line LTG to a receiver or to a detection module DET are through which load changes can be detected by the logic module LOG depending on the transmitted data are caused.
- a voltage source Q preferably via a transformer XFMR, an AC signal of constant amplitude to the terminals l1a, l1b the transmission line LTG created by a controllable connected to connections l2a, l2b Last VL is complete.
- the load VL which can be controlled by the logic module LOG or between two States can be switched, in the arrangement shown consists of a fixed to the transmission line LTG connected impedance Z1, to which a second impedance Z2 through a with the logic module LOG connected switch SW can be connected in parallel.
- the detection module detects changes in AC voltage DET, which on the connections l1a, l1b of the transmission line LTG and that on the secondary winding ws of the transformer XFMR applied AC voltage is supplied.
- the detection module DET to which the AC signal to be monitored is monitored via two inputs e1 and e2 is supplied, has a first and a second capacitor C1, C2, of which the the first via two diodes D1 and D2 connected in series and the second via a further diode D3 at Occurrence of positive half-waves is charged to the voltage value Ua or Uk.
- a light emitting diode D4 connected, which is part of an optocoupler (see Fig. 2, OK).
- the capacitors C1 and C2 After charging the capacitors C1 and C2 is therefore at the anode of the light-emitting diode D4 and at 3.7V Cathode to a voltage of 4.35V.
- the LED D4 therefore has a negative bias of -0.65V, which must be overcome in addition to the threshold voltage before in the LED D4 a current begins to flow and electrical energy is converted into light energy.
- a resistor R1 or R2 is connected in parallel with the capacitors C1 and C2, through which each Capacitor C1; C2 is discharged as soon as the amplitude of the monitored AC voltage drops and the voltage across the diodes D1, D2 and D3 falls below their threshold value.
- resistor R1 which is connected in parallel to capacitor C1 is to ensure that a slow change in the monitored AC voltage does not result in a faulty one Detection of a signal can result.
- By slowly discharging the capacitor C1 Value of voltage Ua follow slow changes in AC voltage.
- the alternating voltage, which arises when the load VL is switched, is to be discharged via however, the resistance R1 can be negligibly small.
- the resulting discharge of the second capacitor C2 via the resistor R2 should, however, proceed so quickly that a Detection of the load switching that has occurred is possible.
- the one on the first capacitor should C1 applied voltage Ua only low and the voltage applied to the second capacitor C2 Greatly decrease Uk so that the negative bias of -0.65V applied to LED D4 canceled and the threshold voltage of the LED D4 is exceeded.
- FIG. 6 shows the curves of the voltages Uk and Ua which occur shortly before, during and after a load change, by means of which a data bit is transmitted, for example.
- the capacitors C1 and C2 are charged to the maximum values Uk max and Ua max .
- Uk max 4.35V
- Ua max 3.7V in the present circuit arrangement.
- the switch SW is actuated by the logic module LOG and the impedance Z2 is connected in parallel to the impedance Z1.
- the increase in the load results in a reduction in the amplitude U1p of the AC voltage output by the transformer XFMR.
- the second capacitor C2 is then discharged by the resistor R2 until the negative bias voltage is removed and the threshold voltage of the light-emitting diode D4 is exceeded and this begins to conduct.
- the first capacitor C1, which is only slightly loaded by the resistor R1 is now discharged via the light-emitting diode D4 and the resistor R2.
- the switch SW is opened again, reducing the load and increasing the AC voltage at the output of the transformer XFMR.
- the diodes D1, ..., D3 begin to conduct again, as a result of which the second capacitor C2 is quickly recharged and the light-emitting diode D4 is blocked.
- the first capacitor C1 is also recharged.
- the first capacitor C1 is therefore to be dimensioned such that it is able to operate the light-emitting diode D4 during the interval t1 or tb-ta.
- the bias voltage of the light-emitting diode D4 is selected such that it does not become conductive when there are changes in the AC voltage emitted by the transformer XFMR that are not caused by switched load changes. This bias voltage is selected according to the expected AC voltage fluctuations.
- a desired bias voltage can be set.
- resistance bridges which could also be used to set a bias voltage
- an undesirable load on the AC voltage emitted by the transformer XFMR is avoided.
- the resistor R1 causes the voltage Ua across the capacitor C1 to track slow reductions in the amplitude U1p.
- the bias of the light emitting diode D4 can therefore be chosen to be smaller.
- FIG. 2 shows the part of the transmission system according to FIG. 1 on the receiving side with an additional circuit arrangement for the detection of the transmitted signals.
- the light-emitting diode D4 is part of an optocoupler OK which has a phototransistor T, the output signals of which are fed to an operational amplifier OVST.
- the operational amplifier OVST which preferably has the function of a Schmitt trigger, outputs a square-wave signal D B at its output, which corresponds to the switching signal supplied to the switch SW.
- an operating voltage Ub and a resistor R3 are provided for the voltage supply of the optocoupler OK and the operational amplifier OVST, which is electrically isolated from the diodes D1, ..., D3 and the capacitors C1 and C2, an operating voltage Ub and a resistor R3 are provided.
- LEDs and optocouplers are described in [5]. Of course, various optocouplers, for example also those with photodiodes, can be used instead of phototransistors.
- the components R1 and C3, which are only preferably provided, are not shown in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 3 shows the transmission system according to the invention with a transformer XFMR2, which has one secondary and three primary windings ws or wp1, wp2 and wp3.
- the primary windings wp1 and wp2 are connected to an amplifier DV, which supplies a rectangular signal to the first primary winding wp1 s1 of the frequency f1 and a square wave signal s2 of the frequency f2 to the second primary winding wp2 delivers.
- the signals s1 and s2 can be used to transmit control signals and data to the Balise B.
- the signal s2 can e.g. also serve for remote feeding of a transponder.
- the detection module DET is preferably provided in the present circuit arrangement on the secondary side of the transmitter XFMR2 because the measurement of square-wave signals of smaller amplitude on the primary side of the transmitter would be associated with difficulties.
- the logic module LOG of the Balise B can be supplied with various signals (RF signals or status signals sens from signal systems). In accordance with these signals, the logic module LOG can emit binary switching signals D B to the switch SW, which is implemented, for example, by a switching transistor. Furthermore, the logic module LOG can also transmit data by modulating a carrier signal to a receiver RX which is connected to the third primary winding wp3 of the transmitter XFMR2.
- the bias of the light emitting diode D4 can be selected by the choice of the diodes D1, D2, ... can be set as desired.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
- Dc Digital Transmission (AREA)
- Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- ein erfindungsgemässes Übertragungssystem,
- Fig. 2
- den empfangsseitigen Teil des Übertragungssystems gemäss Fig. 1 mit einer ergänzenden Schaltungsanordnung zur Detektion der übertragenen Signale,
- Fig. 3
- das Übertragungssystem gemäss Fig. 1 mit einem Sendeverstärker DV,
- Fig. 4
- eine alternative Ausgestaltung der zur Signaldetektion vorgesehenen Schaltungsanordnung,
- Fig. 5
- den Einsatz des Übertragungssystems in der Eisenbahntechnik und
- Fig. 6
- Veiläufe von Spannungen im empfangsseitigen Teil des Übertragungssystems.
Claims (11)
- Übertragungssystem insbesondere für verkehrstechnische Systeme mit einer Übertragungsleitung (LTG), die an einem Ende über erste Anschlüsse (l1a, l1b) mit einer Wechselspannungsquelle (Q) und am anderen Ende über zweite Anschlüsse (l2a, l2b) mit einer Last (VL) verbunden ist, wobei die von der Wechselspannungsquelle (Q) abgegebenen und von der Übertragungsleitung (LTG) übertragenen Wechselspannungen Stromversorgungszwecken oder der Übertragung von Daten dienen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Last (VL) durch ein Logikmodul (LOG) in Abhängigkeit von zu übertragenden Daten DB zwischen zwei Lastzuständen derart umschaltbar ist, dass an den ersten Anschlüssen (l1a, l1b) der Übertragungsleitung (LTG) Änderungen der Amplitude der von der Wechselspannungsquelle (Q) abgegebenen Wechselspannung auftreten, die über Eingänge (e1, e2) einem Detektionsmodul (DET) zugeführt wird, durch die die genannten Änderungen feststellbar und ein dazu entsprechender Datenstrom DB erzeugbar ist.
- Übertragungssystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Eingänge (e1, e2) des Detektionsmoduls (DET) über einen ersten Kondensator (C1) und wenigstens eine dazu in Serie geschaltete Diode (D1, D2) sowie über einen zweiten Kondensator (C2) sowie einen dazu parallel geschalteten Widerstand (R2) und wenigstens eine dazu in Serie geschaltete Diode (D1; D3) miteinander verbunden sind, dass die beiden über eine Leuchtdiode (D4) miteinander verbundenen Kondensatoren (C1, C2) beim Auftreten von Halbwellen entsprechender Polarität über die Dioden (D1; D2; D3) geladen werden und dass die Dioden (D1; D2; D3) und der Widerstand (R2) derart gewählt sind, dass an die Leuchtdiode (D4) bei maximaler Ladung der beiden Kondensatoren (C1, C2) eine Sperrspannung und nach einer Reduktion der Wechselspannung durch Entladung des zweiten Kondensators (C2) über den Widerstand (R2) eine Durchlassspannung angelegt ist.
- Übertragungssystem nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Kondensatoren (C1, C2) auf Spannungen Uamax und Ukmax geladen werden, die entsprechend der für die Leuchtdiode (D4) vorgesehenen Vorspannung Uamax - Ukmax gewählt sind.
- Übertragungssystem nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorspannung Uamax -Ukmax entsprechend der Höhe der zu erwartenden Wechselspannungsänderungen gewählt sind, die nicht durch geschaltete Laständerungen verursacht werden.
- Übertragungssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Last (VL) aus einer ersten Impedanz (Z1) besteht, zu der für die Übertragung einer Dateneinheit DB zu einem Zeitpunkt ta über einen vom Logikmodul (LOG) gesteuerten Schalter (SW) eine zweite Impedanz (Z2) zuschaltbar und zu einem Zeitpunkt tb wieder trennbar ist, wodurch die am Eingang (e1, e2) des Detektionsmoduls (DET) anliegende Wechselspannung während dem Intervatt t1=tb-ta auf einen reduzierten Wert abfällt.
- Ubertragungssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die für den zweiten Kondensator (C2) und den dazu parallel geschalteten Widerstand (R2) vorgesehene Zeitkonstante
- Übertragungssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die für den ersten Kondensator (C1) und den durch die Leuchtdiode (D4) dazu parallel schaltbaren Widerstand (R2) vorgesehene Zeitkonstante
- Übertragungssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Sendeverstärker (DV) vorgesehen ist, der über wenigstens eine Primärwicklung (wp1, wp2) eines Übertragers (XFMR, XFMR2) eine Wechselspannung an die Anschlüsse (l1a, l1b) der Ubertragungsleitung (LTG) abgibt.
- Übertragungssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass anhand wenigstens eines modulierten Trägersignals vom Sendeverstärker (DV) Daten zum Logikmodul (LOG) und/oder vom Logikmodul (LOG) Daten zu einem Empfänger (RX) übertragbar sind, der mit einer weiteren Primärwicklung (wp3) des Übertragers (XFMR2) verbunden ist.
- Übertragungssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Logikmodul (LOG) Teil einer standortgebundenen Balise (B) ist, über die Daten mit einem fahrzeuggebundenen Transponder (TP) ausgetauscht werden.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH113598 | 1998-05-25 | ||
CH113598 | 1998-05-25 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0960797A2 true EP0960797A2 (de) | 1999-12-01 |
EP0960797A3 EP0960797A3 (de) | 2002-06-12 |
EP0960797B1 EP0960797B1 (de) | 2006-03-15 |
Family
ID=4203311
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99109061A Expired - Lifetime EP0960797B1 (de) | 1998-05-25 | 1999-05-07 | Übertragungssystem insbesondere für verkehrstechnische Systeme |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0960797B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE320365T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59913216D1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1524167A2 (de) * | 2003-10-14 | 2005-04-20 | Siemens Schweiz AG | Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zur Erzeugung einer eisenbahntechnisch sicheren Rückmeldung |
EP1661784A1 (de) * | 2004-11-25 | 2006-05-31 | Siemens Schweiz AG | Verfahren und System zur Überprüfung der Funktion einer Datenübertragungseinheit zur Steuerung eines fahrenden Objektes |
EP3072775A1 (de) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-09-28 | Siemens Schweiz AG | Verfahren zur Rückmeldung des Leuchtens einer Signallampe in einem Verkehrssignal an eine Überwachungsvorrichtung |
WO2019091772A1 (de) * | 2017-11-10 | 2019-05-16 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Verfahren, streckenseitige übertragungseinrichtung und subsystem für ein zugbeeinflussungssystem |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2657479A1 (fr) * | 1990-01-19 | 1991-07-26 | Bertin & Cie | Dispositif de transmission bidirectionnelle d'informations a recepteur alimente par l'emetteur. |
EP0747995A2 (de) * | 1995-06-09 | 1996-12-11 | Siemens Schweiz AG (Siemens Suisse SA) (Siemens Svizzera SA) Siemens Switzerland Ltd) | Datenübertragungsverfahren und Antennensystem insbesondere für verkehrstechnische Kommunikationssysteme sowie Schaltungsanordnung |
DE19725710A1 (de) * | 1996-07-01 | 1998-01-08 | Beat Larcher | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Leistungs- und Datenübermittlung auf gemeinsamen Leitungen |
-
1999
- 1999-05-07 DE DE59913216T patent/DE59913216D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-07 EP EP99109061A patent/EP0960797B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-07 AT AT99109061T patent/ATE320365T1/de active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2657479A1 (fr) * | 1990-01-19 | 1991-07-26 | Bertin & Cie | Dispositif de transmission bidirectionnelle d'informations a recepteur alimente par l'emetteur. |
EP0747995A2 (de) * | 1995-06-09 | 1996-12-11 | Siemens Schweiz AG (Siemens Suisse SA) (Siemens Svizzera SA) Siemens Switzerland Ltd) | Datenübertragungsverfahren und Antennensystem insbesondere für verkehrstechnische Kommunikationssysteme sowie Schaltungsanordnung |
DE19725710A1 (de) * | 1996-07-01 | 1998-01-08 | Beat Larcher | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Leistungs- und Datenübermittlung auf gemeinsamen Leitungen |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1524167A2 (de) * | 2003-10-14 | 2005-04-20 | Siemens Schweiz AG | Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zur Erzeugung einer eisenbahntechnisch sicheren Rückmeldung |
EP1524167A3 (de) * | 2003-10-14 | 2009-04-15 | Siemens Schweiz AG | Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zur Erzeugung einer eisenbahntechnisch sicheren Rückmeldung |
EP1661784A1 (de) * | 2004-11-25 | 2006-05-31 | Siemens Schweiz AG | Verfahren und System zur Überprüfung der Funktion einer Datenübertragungseinheit zur Steuerung eines fahrenden Objektes |
WO2006056284A1 (de) * | 2004-11-25 | 2006-06-01 | Siemens Schweiz Ag | Verfahren und system zur überprüfung einer datenübertragungseinheit zur steuerung eines fahrenden objektes |
AU2005309079B2 (en) * | 2004-11-25 | 2009-04-23 | Siemens Schweiz Ag | Method and system for verification of a data transmission unit for control of a travelling object |
CN101065283B (zh) * | 2004-11-25 | 2011-01-12 | 西门子瑞士有限公司 | 检验控制行驶对象的数据传输单元的方法和系统 |
EP3072775A1 (de) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-09-28 | Siemens Schweiz AG | Verfahren zur Rückmeldung des Leuchtens einer Signallampe in einem Verkehrssignal an eine Überwachungsvorrichtung |
WO2019091772A1 (de) * | 2017-11-10 | 2019-05-16 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Verfahren, streckenseitige übertragungseinrichtung und subsystem für ein zugbeeinflussungssystem |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0960797B1 (de) | 2006-03-15 |
ATE320365T1 (de) | 2006-04-15 |
DE59913216D1 (de) | 2006-05-11 |
EP0960797A3 (de) | 2002-06-12 |
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