EP0959525B1 - Antennenanordnung und Funkgerät - Google Patents

Antennenanordnung und Funkgerät Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0959525B1
EP0959525B1 EP19990102339 EP99102339A EP0959525B1 EP 0959525 B1 EP0959525 B1 EP 0959525B1 EP 19990102339 EP19990102339 EP 19990102339 EP 99102339 A EP99102339 A EP 99102339A EP 0959525 B1 EP0959525 B1 EP 0959525B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiator element
radio telephone
reference potential
radiator
impedance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19990102339
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0959525A2 (de
EP0959525A3 (de
Inventor
Markus Hoffmeister
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ipcom GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Ipcom GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ipcom GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Ipcom GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0959525A2 publication Critical patent/EP0959525A2/de
Publication of EP0959525A3 publication Critical patent/EP0959525A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0959525B1 publication Critical patent/EP0959525B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/245—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with means for shaping the antenna pattern, e.g. in order to protect user against rf exposure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a radio device according to the preamble of the independent claims 1 and 4.
  • a radio with a housing is already known, wherein the housing comprises a hearing device on a first side and an antenna element on a second side opposite the first side.
  • the antenna element is movably mounted on the second side of the housing and has in at least one first position a directed and in at least one second position an omnidirectional radiation characteristic.
  • US3725938 For example, there is known a receiving system with an overlapping flap switching type radio bearing antenna arrangement in which a plurality of reflector / director pairs are provided.
  • the antenna arrangement provides a centrally located antenna element around which the reflector / director pairs are arranged in a surrounding circle such that each reflector / director pair and the central antenna element form a diagonal. Switching of the tabs is accomplished by the voltage controlled semiconductor circuits associated with the respective reflectors and directors.
  • a radio which comprises two antennas close together, a monopole antenna and a reversed-F antenna connected to an antenna selection switch.
  • the antenna which has a higher electric field, is selected for the operation of the radio.
  • the monopole antenna is connected via an impedance circuit to the antenna selection switch, wherein the impedance of the monopole antenna is set by the impedance circuit.
  • the impedance of the monopole antenna is set to provide an infinite impedance between the monopole antenna and the open position of the circuit terminal of the antenna selection switches, so that the signal of the monopole antenna is prevented from undergoing the operation of the "reversed F". Antenna impaired.
  • a termination circuit may be provided which enables the further impedance settings.
  • the radio according to the invention with the features of the independent claims has the advantage that the radio according to the invention, in which at least a first radiator element and at least a second radiator element are arranged adjacent to each other via a reference potential surface, a feed of the first radiator element via an antenna network, the second Emitter element between a high-impedance and a low-impedance impedance switchable connected to the reference potential of the reference potential surface, the first radiator element is designed resonant at the operating wavelength and the resonance of the second radiator element is slightly out of tune with the resonance of the first radiator element, a directional radiation characteristic by the variation of the geometric Dimensions of the second radiator element compared to the geometrical dimensions of the first radiator element can achieve when the second radiator element n iederohmig connected to the reference potential. In this way, the radiation is prevented in the head of the user of the radio and this measure requires at the same time little effort and cost in the production of the radio.
  • the second radiator element is particularly advantageous to connect the second radiator element to the reference potential via a semiconductor component, preferably a PIN diode.
  • a semiconductor component preferably a PIN diode.
  • the switching operation between a high-impedance and a low-resistance connection of the second radiator element to the reference potential can be controlled electronically.
  • the electronically realized switching between directional emission characteristic and omnidirectional emission characteristic eliminates the user a relatively cumbersome positioning of an antenna element, so that the ease of use is increased for the user.
  • a particularly simple, low-effort and cost-saving embodiment of the radio device results in a rod-shaped design of the first radiator element and the second radiator element.
  • An advantage results in an F-shaped design of the first radiator element and the second radiator element of the radio. In this way, the resonance of the first radiating element and the second radiating element can be determined by the total geometric dimensions.
  • Another advantage is that the semiconductor device is switched to a blocking state as soon as it is determined that the connection quality falls below a first predetermined value, and that the semiconductor device is switched to a conducting state as long as the connection quality exceeds a second predetermined value.
  • the second radiator element can automatically be connected to the reference potential with high resistance and thus an omnidirectional radiation characteristic can be achieved.
  • the second radiator element can be connected to the reference potential in a low-resistance manner, so that a directional radiation characteristic is achieved.
  • the directional radiation characteristic which is intended to prevent, for example, in a radio mainly the irradiation in the head of the user
  • the omnidirectional radiation characteristic which is mainly to ensure a good connection quality, and when exceeded given connection quality the prevention of irradiation in the head of the user has priority.
  • Another advantage is that the impedance can be switched by means of a control element. In this way, the user can even comparatively simple, that is, without changing the position of the antenna assembly, for example, with respect to the housing of the radio, the emission adapted to his needs.
  • FIG. 1 A first embodiment of a radio with antenna arrangement according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 A second embodiment of a radio with antenna arrangement according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 A third embodiment of a radio with antenna arrangement according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 a flow chart for a control of the radio with inventive antenna arrangement
  • FIG. 5 a directional radiation characteristic
  • FIG. 6 an omnidirectional radiation characteristic.
  • FIG. 1 1 denotes a radio device, which may be, for example, a mobile telephone, a cordless telephone, a handheld radio, a work radio, a base station or the like.
  • a radio device 1 designed as a mobile telephone will be described.
  • the radio 1 comprises a printed circuit board which has a reference potential surface 25.
  • the reference potential area 25 may be over a part or over the entire circuit board as in FIG. 1 expand.
  • the reference potential of the reference potential area 25 is designated by the reference numeral 80.
  • a first radiator element 5 and a second radiator element 10 are arranged adjacent to one another on the radio 1.
  • a hearing device 45 is arranged on a first side surface 50 of the radio device 1.
  • a hearing device 45 is arranged on a first side surface 50 of the radio device 1.
  • One of the first side surface 50 opposite the second side surface of the radio device 1 is identified by the reference numeral 55.
  • the second radiator element 10 is arranged facing the hearing device 45 of the radio device 1 facing the first side surface 50 on a first side surface 50 and the second side surface 55 connecting third side surface 110.
  • the first radiating element 5 is arranged facing away from the hearing device 45 second side surface 55 facing the third side surface 110.
  • a height 95 of the first radiator element 5 is slightly smaller than a height 100 of the second radiator element 10.
  • the first radiator element 5 and the second radiator element 10 form an antenna arrangement.
  • the height 95 of the first radiator element 5 is chosen so that the radiator element is operated in its ⁇ / 4 resonance. It is fed by an antenna network 30. Signals received by the antenna arrangement 5, 10 are forwarded by the antenna network 30 to the hearing device 45 after appropriate conversion for reproduction.
  • the antenna network 30 is also connected to a controller 85 of the radio 1, to which an input unit 90 with a control element 40 is connected.
  • the controller 85 provides a control signal to the anode of a PIN diode 35 whose cathode is connected to the reference potential 80.
  • the anode of the PIN diode 35 is also connected to the second radiator element 10.
  • the reference potential surface 25 forms a counterweight to the antenna assembly 5, 10. If the controller 85 of the PIN diode 35 to a high-level drive signal, the PIN diode 35 is conductive and the second radiator element 10 is connected at its base 150 low impedance to the reference potential 80 , The fed first radiator element 5 is resonant at the operating wavelength ⁇ . Due to the greater height 100 of the non-powered second radiator element 10 whose resonant frequency with respect to the resonant frequency of the first radiating element 5 is slightly detuned. This results in a phase shift of the current on the second radiator element 10 with respect to the fed first radiator element 5 and there is a directivity.
  • the second radiator element 10 acts as a reflector and the antenna assembly 5, 10 as a directional reflector with the hearing device 45 and the head of a user pioneering directivity.
  • the controller 85 checks connection data received from the antenna network 30, which determines the field strength of a currently established radio link and / or error measurement of the data stream transmitted in the radio link and / or the like may include whether the connection quality exceeds a second predetermined value. This can be checked, for example, by checking in the controller 85 whether the field strength of the connection above and / or the error rate of the data stream transmitted during the connection are below a respectively predetermined value.
  • the PIN diode 35 is driven high by the controller 85, so that the antenna arrangement 5, 10 acts as a directional emitter and by their radiation characteristic from the user's head away the irradiation of electromagnetic energy in the user's head and reduced at the same time the efficiency of the antenna arrangement 5, 10 is increased. If the quality of the connection falls below a first correspondingly predetermined value, for example because the radio 1 with the antenna arrangement 5, 10 is so awkwardly positioned that the antenna arrangement 5, 10 radiates in the wrong direction for the current connection, then the controller 85 controls the PIN diode 35 low level, so that the PIN diode 35 goes into a blocking state and the second radiator element 10 is connected at its base 150 high impedance to the reference potential 80. In this case, the antenna arrangement 5, 10 acts as omnidirectional antenna with omnidirectional radiation characteristic, so that the emission power in accordance with FIG. 6 is about the same size for all directions and according to FIG. 6 a directional diagram with omnidirectional radiation pattern 20 results.
  • the antenna arrangement 5, 10 has the advantage of automatically exploiting the positive characteristics of a directional antenna in favorable reception situations with particularly high directivity in a preferred direction. Should the Directional but awkwardly positioned, for example, if the radio 1 is on a table and radiating into this, the radio 1 is carried around the wrong way in the pocket and radiates into the body of the user, or the like, so is automatically falls below the for the Connection quality predetermined value, the antenna array 5, 10 switched to omnidirectional.
  • a switching of the impedance of the PIN diode 35 between conductive and blocking state or a switching of the radiation of the antenna array 5, 10 between directional and omnidiretationaler radiation pattern can also be done by means of the control element 40 on the part of the user, so that this the current radiation pattern of the antenna array. 5 , 10 can adapt to his needs.
  • the effect of the second radiating element 10 in the antenna arrangement 5, 10 depends on the impedance between the base point 150 of the second radiator element 10 and the reference potential 80, the geometric dimensions of the second radiator element 10 compared to the geometrical dimensions of the first radiator element 5 and of the used operating frequency. If one uses the operating frequency range provided for the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) standard at approximately 0.9 to 1.0 GHz and selects a height 105 of the second radiator element 10 which is slightly smaller than the height 95 of the first radiator element 5 also results for the GSM operating frequency range, an effect of the second radiating element 10 as a reflector when the impedance between the base 150 of the second radiator element 10 and the reference potential 80 is low, that is, the PIN diode 35 conducts. In this case works the antenna arrangement 5, 10 also as directional radiator with directional radiation characteristic of the hearing device 45 away.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of a radio 1 with an antenna arrangement 5, 10 according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is the same structure as the radio 1 according to FIG. 1 and only has the difference that the fed first radiator element 5 now faces the first side surface 50 and the non-powered second radiator element 10 faces the second side surface 55.
  • the required height 105 of the second radiator element 10 is slightly greater than the height 95 of the operating wavelength corresponding to one fourth to choose first radiator element 5, so that in this case the second radiator element 10 acts as a director and a directed away from the hearing device 45 radiating characteristic is realized.
  • the first radiator element 5 and the second radiator element 10 are rod-shaped.
  • the height 95, 100, 105 of the respective radiator element 5, 10 is the height of the above the reference potential surface 25 respectively arranged rod.
  • FIG. 3 is in a respect to the representation of FIG. 1 respectively.
  • FIG. 2 rotated by 90 ° side view of an embodiment shown in which the first radiator element 5 and the second radiator element 10 are formed F-shaped.
  • a first transverse bar 60 of the first radiator element 5 and a first transverse bar 65 of the second radiator element 10 are in each case connected to the reference potential 80.
  • the second crossbar 70 of the first radiator element 5 is connected via the antenna network 30 to the controller 85, to which the input unit 90 is connected to the control element 40.
  • a second crossbar 75 of the second radiator element 10 is connected at its base 150 to the anode of the PIN diode 35, which is also controlled by the controller 85.
  • the cathode of the PIN diode 35 is connected to the reference potential 80.
  • a longitudinal beam 115 of the first radiating element 5 extends perpendicular to the two transverse beams 60, 70, starting at the first transverse bar 60, the ends of these two transverse bars 60, 70 facing away from the reference potential surface 25 with each other.
  • a longitudinal beam 120 connects the two crossbars 65, 75 of the second radiator element 10.
  • the longitudinal beams 115, 120 can be used according to areal longitudinal elements. In the same way as in the embodiments according to FIG. 1 and FIG.
  • the second crossbar 75 of the second radiator element 10 may be at its base 150 via the PIN diode 35 high impedance or low impedance to the reference potential 80 are connected.
  • the resonance of the first radiator element 5 and the second radiator element 10 is no longer due solely to the height 95, 100, 105 of the respective radiator element 5, 10, but also by the distance of the first crossbar 60 of the first radiator element 5 from the second crossbar 70 of the first Emitter element 5 or by the distance of the first crossbar 65 of the second radiator element 10 from the second crossbar 75 of the second radiator element 10 and by the length of the longitudinal beam 115, 120 of the respective radiator element 5, 10 determined, ie by the entire geometric dimensions of the first radiator element fifth and the second radiating element 10.
  • the geometrical dimensions of the first radiating element 5 are selected so that sets a resonance at the operating frequency used.
  • the geometric dimensions of the second radiator element 10 are compared to the geometric dimensions of the first radiator element 5 changed so that there is a slight deviation from the resonance of the first radiator element 5 for the resonance of the second radiator element 10 and the second radiator element 10 thus depending on the selected operating frequency can act as a reflector or director at each low-impedance connection of the foot point 150 of its second crossbar 75 to the reference potential 80 in the antenna assembly 5, 10.
  • the height 100 of the second radiator element 10 is selected to be slightly smaller than the height 95 of the first radiator element 5 for the operating frequency range of approximately 1.8 to 1.9 GHz, the height of the respective radiator element 5, 10 corresponding to the height its crossbars 60, 70, 65, 75 corresponds and the two crossbars of a radiator element each have the same height, so does the second Radiator element 10 as a director, so that there is a directional radiation characteristic at the first radiator element 5 in the direction of the second radiator element 10, provided that the PIN diode is in the conductive state.
  • the second radiator element 10 acts as a reflector and it results in the first radiator element 5 is a directional radiation in the direction opposite to the second radiating element 10 direction.
  • the hearing device 45 should in this case be arranged at the location of the radio device 1, which has the least directivity when the radiation characteristic of the antenna arrangement 5, 10 is directed, in order to keep the irradiation in the head of the user as low as possible.
  • the antenna arrangement 5, 10 acts as omnidirectional antenna with omnidirectional emission characteristic.
  • FIG. 4 a flow chart for the operation of the controller 85 of the radio 1 with the antenna arrangement 5, 10 according to the invention is shown.
  • the controller 85 controls the PIN diode 35 with a high-level signal, so that the PIN diode 35 conducts and the second radiator element 10 is connected at its base 150 low impedance to the reference potential 80 and the antenna assembly 5, 10 a has directed radiation characteristic.
  • a Program point 205 branches.
  • it is checked whether the connection quality is below the first correspondingly predetermined value and an omnidirectional characteristic is permitted by corresponding presetting or input of the user on the input unit 90.
  • a branch is made to a program point 210, otherwise a branch is made to a program point 220.
  • program point 220 it is checked whether an input has been made to the input unit 90 by means of the operating element 40. If this is the case, the program branches to a program point 225, otherwise it branches back to program point 200.
  • program point 225 it is checked whether by the operation of the control element 40, a directional radiation pattern has been selected by the user. If this is the case, it is branched back to program point 200, otherwise a branch is made to program point 230.
  • program point 230 it is checked whether the radio 1 has been switched off. If this is the case, the program part is left.
  • an omnidirectional radiation characteristic was selected by the user by means of the control element 40 and branched to program point 210.
  • the controller 85 drives the PIN diode 35 to a low level signal so that the PIN diode 35 transitions to the off state and the antenna array 5, 10 has an omnidirectional radiation characteristic.
  • a branch is made to a program point 215.
  • program point 215 it is checked whether the connection quality is above a second predetermined value, which is preferably above the first predetermined value in order to avoid frequent and unnecessary switching of the PIN diode 35. If this is the case, it is branched back to program point 200 and switched to directional radiation characteristic. Otherwise, branch back to program point 210 and the Antenna arrangement 5, 10 further operated with omnidirectional radiation characteristic.
  • each switchable very high impedance or very low impedance at its base to the reference potential 80 are connectable.
  • an antenna arrangement with correspondingly improved directivity can be realized.
  • PIN diode 35 instead of a PIN diode 35, it is also possible to provide a conventional pn diode, a transistor, or an otherwise very low-impedance or very high-impedance switchable impedance.
  • radiator elements no high altitude at the operating frequencies used is required, so that they can be accommodated very easily and space-saving in, for example, in mobile phones widespread antenna stubs.
  • the required for the detuning of the resonance of the second radiating element 10 relative to the resonance of the first radiator element 5 height difference of the two radiator elements 5, 10 is in the order of one eighth of the operating wavelength.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
EP19990102339 1998-05-23 1999-02-06 Antennenanordnung und Funkgerät Expired - Lifetime EP0959525B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1998123126 DE19823126B4 (de) 1998-05-23 1998-05-23 Funkgerät
DE19823126 1998-05-23

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0959525A2 EP0959525A2 (de) 1999-11-24
EP0959525A3 EP0959525A3 (de) 2001-04-04
EP0959525B1 true EP0959525B1 (de) 2009-05-13

Family

ID=7868738

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19990102339 Expired - Lifetime EP0959525B1 (de) 1998-05-23 1999-02-06 Antennenanordnung und Funkgerät

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0959525B1 (es)
DE (2) DE19823126B4 (es)
ES (1) ES2324747T3 (es)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6314277B1 (en) * 1999-07-02 2001-11-06 Yuan-Fang Hsu Electromagnetic radiation protection device of a mobile phone
DK1109247T3 (da) * 1999-12-17 2004-08-02 Siemens Ag Mobiltelefon og fremgangsmåde til styring af den stråling, der sendes ind i kroppen
US6437746B1 (en) * 2000-11-14 2002-08-20 Northrop Grumman Corp Cellular telephone antenna array
KR20050026549A (ko) * 2002-08-01 2005-03-15 코닌클리즈케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. 안테나 장치 및 송수신기
US7024232B2 (en) * 2003-04-25 2006-04-04 Motorola, Inc. Wireless communication device with variable antenna radiation pattern and corresponding method

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3725938A (en) * 1970-10-05 1973-04-03 Sperry Rand Corp Direction finder system
CA1239223A (en) * 1984-07-02 1988-07-12 Robert Milne Adaptive array antenna
AT393054B (de) * 1989-07-27 1991-08-12 Siemens Ag Oesterreich Sende- und/oder empfangsanordnung fuer tragbare geraete
US6034638A (en) * 1993-05-27 2000-03-07 Griffith University Antennas for use in portable communications devices
DE4334439A1 (de) * 1993-10-09 1995-04-13 Philips Patentverwaltung Funkgerät mit einer Antenne
JPH1075192A (ja) * 1996-08-30 1998-03-17 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd アンテナ装置
DE19723331B4 (de) * 1997-06-04 2010-11-11 Ipcom Gmbh & Co. Kg Funkgerät

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59915023D1 (de) 2009-06-25
EP0959525A2 (de) 1999-11-24
DE19823126B4 (de) 2012-08-23
DE19823126A1 (de) 1999-11-25
ES2324747T3 (es) 2009-08-13
EP0959525A3 (de) 2001-04-04

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