EP0959243B1 - Control valve for a fuel injector - Google Patents

Control valve for a fuel injector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0959243B1
EP0959243B1 EP99109650A EP99109650A EP0959243B1 EP 0959243 B1 EP0959243 B1 EP 0959243B1 EP 99109650 A EP99109650 A EP 99109650A EP 99109650 A EP99109650 A EP 99109650A EP 0959243 B1 EP0959243 B1 EP 0959243B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
valve body
control
control chamber
chamber
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EP99109650A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0959243A1 (en
Inventor
Heinz Lixl
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/21—Fuel-injection apparatus with piezoelectric or magnetostrictive elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an injection valve for injection containing fuel in an internal combustion engine a control valve mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 Art.
  • Such an injector is from EP-A-0 826 876 known.
  • injection systems are increasingly used, where with very high injection pressures.
  • Such injection systems are common rail systems (for diesel engines) and HPDI injection systems (for gasoline engines).
  • HPDI injection systems for gasoline engines.
  • These injection systems are characterized in that the Fuel with a high pressure pump in all cylinders the engine's common pressure reservoir is promoted by the from the injectors on the individual cylinders become.
  • the opening and closing of the injection valves is done in usually controlled electromagnetically, possibly with the help of piezo elements.
  • the control valve in the injection valve turns hydraulic opening and closing the actual fuel injector causes, in particular the beginning and the end of the injection process is precisely timed.
  • the injection valve should e.g. open in a controlled manner and at the end close the injection process quickly.
  • the injection should also smallest fuel quantities for pre-injection (pilot injection) possible before the actual injection with which the combustion process can be optimized.
  • EP-A-0 826 876 and EP-A-0 778 411 becomes a 2/2-way valve as a control valve for a common rail system used.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawing the known is shown schematically Injection valve with a 2/2-way valve explained as a control valve.
  • a common rail system the system pressure fuel from a high pressure accumulator (not shown) via a high pressure bore 1 and an inlet bore 2 with an inlet throttle 3 to a control chamber 4 out in the injection valve body 5.
  • the pressure there acts on the rear end of a movable nozzle body 6 with a nozzle needle 13 on the front End that has 6 injection holes when moving the nozzle body 7 in the injector body 5 opens and closes lead to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • a nozzle chamber 8 which is at the front end of the nozzle body 6 is formed in the injector body 5.
  • a bore 9 leads from the control chamber 4 in the injection valve body 5 with a discharge throttle 10 to one in the injection valve body 5 integrated control valve 12 in the form of a 2/2-way valve. From the control valve 12 there is no pressure Fuel return 14 to the fuel tank.
  • the control valve 12 is via a plunger 16 from an electromagnetic and / or piezoelectric actuator 18 controlled and actuated.
  • the control valve 12 controls the pressure in the control chamber 4 is exerted on the movable nozzle body 6. is the control valve 12 is closed, is in the control chamber 4th essentially the full system pressure so that the nozzle needle 13 at the front end of the nozzle body 6, the injection holes 7 closes, which lead into the combustion chamber. Becomes the actuator 18 electrically controlled, the plunger 16 exerts a force on the spring-loaded control valve 12. As a consequence of this the control valve 12 opens. With the control valve 12 open stands between high pressure accumulator, control chamber 4, control valve 12 and return 14 a steady flow. This flow leads to the individual throttles, the inlet throttle 3 and the outlet throttle 10, to a defined Pressure drop.
  • the pressure drop at the inlet throttle 3 and Flow restrictor 10 are each dimensioned so that the pressure reduced in the control chamber 4. This takes the in Control chamber 4 force acting on the nozzle body 6 while the pressure in the nozzle chamber 8 is equal to the system pressure remains, so that the injection valve hydraulically through the force exerted on the nozzle body 6 in the nozzle chamber 8 opens. This connects the nozzle chamber 8 with the Injection holes 7 made and the fuel in the Injected combustion chamber.
  • EP-A-0 778 411 proposed the control valve with a pressure compensation chamber and to provide a pressure compensation piston.
  • the control valve is still a hole in the injector body with a flow restrictor with the control chamber in Connection.
  • a further development of this arrangement is the drain hole in a movable, spring-loaded throttle piston attached, between the control chamber and control valve. The arrangement for controlling the nozzle body the injector is extremely expensive.
  • the invention is based, so the control valve to design that the tax forces to be applied with simple Structure of the valve are small.
  • the invention accordingly places in the injection valve body Integrated 2/2-way valve.
  • the control valve according to the invention is very simple, completely in the injector body integrates and requires little control force.
  • the special construction of the invention Control valve enables a minimization of the valve space volume. Form the control valve, throttles and injector body a compact unit. There are no springs or on the control valve Similar devices for the generation of prestressing are necessary.
  • the control valve according to the invention can be used for the smallest stroke movements lay out with a stroke of only 20 to 40 ⁇ m.
  • 2 is an injection valve with an inventive 2/2-way valve shown as a control valve.
  • the control chamber 4 of the injection valve via a high pressure bore 1 and an inlet bore 2 with an inlet throttle 3 in the injection valve body 5 with the High-pressure accumulator in connection, which is at system pressure.
  • the high pressure bore 1 continues to a nozzle chamber at the front end of the movable nozzle body 6, with its protrudes rear end into the control chamber 4 or one side the control chamber 4 forms.
  • FIG. 2 In the embodiment of FIG. 2 according to the invention that is Control valve 12 immediately adjacent to the control chamber 4 arranged. There is a recess in the injection valve body 5 for this purpose 30 is formed, which is opposite the nozzle body 6 or the bore intended for receiving the nozzle body 6 in the longitudinal direction of the injection valve body 5 from the Control chamber 4 extends away. In the recess 30 is a Valve body 20 used. Similar to the nozzle body 6 also the valve body 20 of the control valve 12 in the longitudinal direction of the injector body 5 movable, but sealing fitted into the recess 30.
  • the recess 30 is open to the control chamber 4 so that the valve body 20 inserted into the recess 30 projects into the control chamber 4 with a surface A 1 (its bottom surface) or forms a side of the control chamber 4 with this surface A 1 . As a rule, this side lies opposite the side of the control chamber 4 which is formed by the nozzle body 6.
  • a bore 40 is provided through which the plunger 16 of the electromagnetic and / or piezoelectric actuator (in 2 not shown).
  • the diameter of the Ram 16 is smaller than that of bore 40, and the bore 40 forms part of the unpressurized return through which the fuel from the control chamber 4 when the control valve is open 12 flows back into the fuel tank.
  • the bore 40 in turn has a smaller diameter than the recess 30.
  • the transition from the bore 40 in the Recess 30 is a valve seat 24 for the control valve 12 formed, on which when the control valve 12 is closed Sealing surface 22 on the top of the valve body 20, the on the side facing away from the control chamber 4 Valve body 20, comes to seal.
  • valve body 20 Subsequent to the sealing surface corresponding to the valve seat 24 22 has the valve body 20 on its outer circumference radial shoulder or a radial constriction 25.
  • the Constriction 25 widens in steps at a distance from the top of the valve body 20 and from the sealing surface 22 on the outer diameter of the valve body 20, the Corresponds to the inner diameter of the recess 30.
  • the constriction 25 together with a radial shoulder 32 on upper end of the recess 30 at the upper end of the control valve 12 a valve chamber 26 arise.
  • the constriction 25 has an annular active surface A 2 which lies opposite the active surface A 1 on the underside of the valve body 20 and which is smaller than this active surface A 1 .
  • the conditions are thus similar to that of the nozzle body 6, which moves up and down in consideration of the various active surfaces at its upper or lower end depending on the pressures in the control chamber 4 and the nozzle chamber 8.
  • a drain hole 27 with a Flow restrictor 28 integrated in the valve body 20.
  • the drain hole 27 with the drain throttle 28 extends from the control chamber 4 to the valve chamber 26, that is to say from that adjoining the control chamber 4 or in this projecting side of the valve body 20 the constriction 25.
  • valve body 20 of the control valve 12 is pressed against the valve seat 24 by the pressure in the control chamber 4, which practically corresponds to the system pressure, so that between the valve chamber 26 and the bore 40, the part of the unpressurized return to the fuel tank, there is no connection.
  • the pressure in the control chamber 4 which practically corresponds to the system pressure, so that between the valve chamber 26 and the bore 40, the part of the unpressurized return to the fuel tank, there is no connection.
  • the area A 1 over which the pressure acts on the valve body 20 from the side of the control chamber 4 is greater than the area A 2 over which the pressure in the valve chamber 26 acts in the opposite direction, the resulting force is directed towards the valve seat.
  • the system pressure in the control chamber 4 is also on the nozzle body 6 so that the nozzle needle at the front end of the nozzle body 6 is pressed into its seat and the connection to the injection holes 7 is interrupted. Consequently, none Fuel injected into the combustion chamber.
  • the stroke of the valve body 20 when lifting off the valve seat 24 and the movement of the nozzle body opposite to this movement 6 can be adjusted so that the underside of the valve body 20 on the top of the nozzle body 6 to the system comes. Since both are flat surfaces, the Bottom of the valve body 20 outlet bore 27 locked. As a result, essentially none flows More fuel through the return flow. Increased at the same time the pressure in the control chamber 4.
  • This measure has the advantage that the leakage current of the Injector and thus the unnecessarily delivered fuel quantity reduced. However, it does not have to be provided in every case become.
  • valve body 20 by the pressure in the control chamber 4, which is always is greater than the pressure in the unpressurized return connected valve chamber 26 to the valve seat 24 pressed. So that the connection to the bore 40 and unpressurized return flow interrupted, so that in the control chamber 4 can build up the full pressure again.
  • the pressure in the control chamber 4 leads to a force on the nozzle body 6 Direction to the seat of the nozzle needle, which is the nozzle needle again presses into their seat and ends the injection process.
  • the drain hole 27 runs with the drain throttle 28 from the bottom of the valve body 20, which to the Control chamber 4 adjacent, obliquely through the valve body 20 and opens directly into the constriction 25 below the sealing surface 22nd
  • valve body 20 shows an alternative embodiment of the valve body 20.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Einspritzventil für die Einspritzung von Kraftstoff in eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine enthaltend ein Steuerventil der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 genannten Art. Ein solches Einspritzventil ist aus der EP-A-0 826 876 bekannt.The invention relates to an injection valve for injection containing fuel in an internal combustion engine a control valve mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 Art. Such an injector is from EP-A-0 826 876 known.

Für die Kraftstoffversorgung von Verbrennungsmotoren werden zunehmend Speichereinspritzsysteme verwendet, bei denen mit sehr hohen Einspritzdrücken gearbeitet wird. Solche Einspritzsysteme sind als Common-Rail-Systeme (für Dieselmotoren) und HPDI-Einspritzsysteme (für Ottomotoren) bekannt. Diese Einspritzsysteme zeichnen sich dadurch aus, daß der Kraftstoff mit einer Hochdruckpumpe in einen allen Zylindern des Motors gemeinsamen Druckspeicher gefördert wird, von dem aus die Einspritzventile an den einzelnen Zylindern versorgt werden. Das Öffnen und Schließen der Einspritzventile wird in der Regel elektromagnetisch gesteuert, evtl. auch unter Zuhilfenahme von Piezoelementen.For the fuel supply of internal combustion engines memory injection systems are increasingly used, where with very high injection pressures. Such injection systems are common rail systems (for diesel engines) and HPDI injection systems (for gasoline engines). These injection systems are characterized in that the Fuel with a high pressure pump in all cylinders the engine's common pressure reservoir is promoted by the from the injectors on the individual cylinders become. The opening and closing of the injection valves is done in usually controlled electromagnetically, possibly with the help of piezo elements.

Durch das Steuerventil im Einspritzventil wird hydraulisch das Öffnen und Schließen des eigentlichen Kraftstoffeinspritzventils bewirkt, das heißt insbesondere der Beginn und das Ende des Einspritzvorganges zeitlich exakt festgelegt. Das Einspritzventil soll z.B. kontrolliert öffnen und am Ende des Einspritzvorganges schnell schließen. Auch soll die Einspritzung kleinster Kraftstoffmengen zur Voreinspritzung (Piloteinspritzung) vor der eigentlichen Einspritzung möglich sein, mit der sich der Verbrennungsprozeß optimieren läßt.The control valve in the injection valve turns hydraulic opening and closing the actual fuel injector causes, in particular the beginning and the end of the injection process is precisely timed. The injection valve should e.g. open in a controlled manner and at the end close the injection process quickly. The injection should also smallest fuel quantities for pre-injection (pilot injection) possible before the actual injection with which the combustion process can be optimized.

Bei der oben genannten EP-A-0 826 876 und der EP-A-0 778 411 wird als Steuerventil für ein Common-Rail-System ein 2/2-Wegeventil verwendet. In the above-mentioned EP-A-0 826 876 and EP-A-0 778 411 becomes a 2/2-way valve as a control valve for a common rail system used.

Anhand der Fig. 1 der Zeichnung wird schematisch das bekannte Einspritzventil mit einem 2/2-Wegeventil als Steuerventil erläutert.With reference to Fig. 1 of the drawing, the known is shown schematically Injection valve with a 2/2-way valve explained as a control valve.

Wie in der Fig. 1 gezeigt, wird bei einem Common-Rail-System der Kraftstoff mit Systemdruck von einem Hochdruckspeicher (nicht gezeigt) über eine Hochdruckbohrung 1 und eine Zulaufbohrung 2 mit einer Zulaufdrossel 3 zu einer Steuerkammer 4 im Einspritzventilkörper 5 geführt. In der Steuerkammer 4 wirkt der dort herrschende Druck auf das hintere Ende eines beweglichen Düsenkörpers 6 mit einer Düsennadel 13 am vorderen Ende, die bei der Bewegung des Düsenkörpers 6 Einspritzlöcher 7 im Einspritzventilkörper 5 öffnet und schließt, die zum Brennraum des Verbrennungsmotors führen. Ebenfalls über die Hochdruckbohrung 1 mit dem Hochdruckspeicher verbunden ist eine Düsenkammer 8, die am vorderen Ende des Düsenkörpers 6 im Einspritzventilkörper 5 ausgebildet ist. Wenn sowohl in der Steuerkammer 4 als auch in der Düsenkammer 8 der volle Systemdruck anliegt, wird der Düsenkörper 6 aufgrund der größeren Wirkfläche in der Steuerkammer 4 nach unten gedrückt und die Düsennadel 13 liegt dann auf einem Ventilsitz 15 in der Düsenkammer 8 an und verschließt die Einspritzlöcher 7.As shown in Fig. 1, in a common rail system the system pressure fuel from a high pressure accumulator (not shown) via a high pressure bore 1 and an inlet bore 2 with an inlet throttle 3 to a control chamber 4 out in the injection valve body 5. In the control chamber 4 the pressure there acts on the rear end of a movable nozzle body 6 with a nozzle needle 13 on the front End that has 6 injection holes when moving the nozzle body 7 in the injector body 5 opens and closes lead to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. Also about the high pressure bore 1 connected to the high pressure accumulator is a nozzle chamber 8 which is at the front end of the nozzle body 6 is formed in the injector body 5. If both in the control chamber 4 and in the nozzle chamber 8 the full System pressure is applied, the nozzle body 6 due to the larger Active area in the control chamber 4 pressed down and the nozzle needle 13 then lies on a valve seat 15 in the nozzle chamber 8 and closes the injection holes 7.

Von der Steuerkammer 4 führt eine Bohrung 9 im Einspritzventilkörper 5 mit einer Ablaufdrossel 10 zu einem in den Einspritzventilkörper 5 integrierten Steuerventil 12 in der Form eines 2/2-Wegeventils. Vom Steuerventil 12 geht ein druckloser Kraftstoff-Rücklauf 14 zum Kraftstofftank ab. Das Steuerventil 12 wird über einen Stößel 16 von einem elektromagnetischen und/oder piezoelektrischen Aktor 18 angesteuert und betätigt.A bore 9 leads from the control chamber 4 in the injection valve body 5 with a discharge throttle 10 to one in the injection valve body 5 integrated control valve 12 in the form of a 2/2-way valve. From the control valve 12 there is no pressure Fuel return 14 to the fuel tank. The control valve 12 is via a plunger 16 from an electromagnetic and / or piezoelectric actuator 18 controlled and actuated.

Das Steuerventil 12 steuert den Druck, der in der Steuerkammer 4 auf den beweglichen Düsenkörper 6 ausgeübt wird. Ist das Steuerventil 12 geschlossen, steht in der Steuerkammer 4 im wesentlichen der volle Systemdruck an, so daß die Düsennadel 13 am vorderen Ende des Düsenkörpers 6 die Einspritzlöcher 7 verschließt, die in den Brennraum führen. Wird der Aktor 18 elektrisch angesteuert, übt der Stößel 16 eine Kraft auf das federbelastete Steuerventil 12 aus. Als Folge davon öffnet sich das Steuerventil 12. Bei offenem Steuerventil 12 stellt sich zwischen Hochdruckspeicher, Steuerkammer 4, Steuerventil 12 und Rücklauf 14 eine stationäre Strömung ein. Diese Strömung führt an den einzelnen Drosseln, der Zulaufdrossel 3 und der Ablaufdrossel 10, zu einem definierten Druckabfall. Der Druckabfall an der Zulaufdrossel 3 und der Ablaufdrossel 10 sind jeweils so bemessen, daß sich der Druck in der Steuerkammer 4 verringert. Dadurch nimmt die in der Steuerkammer 4 auf den Düsenkörper 6 wirkende Kraft ab, während der Druck in der Düsenkammer 8 gleich dem Systemdruck bleibt, so daß sich das Einspritzventil hydraulisch durch die in der Düsenkammer 8 auf den Düsenkörper 6 ausgeübte Kraft öffnet. Dadurch wird die Verbindung der Düsenkammer 8 mit den Einspritzlöchern 7 hergestellt und der Kraftstoff in den Brennraum eingespritzt.The control valve 12 controls the pressure in the control chamber 4 is exerted on the movable nozzle body 6. is the control valve 12 is closed, is in the control chamber 4th essentially the full system pressure so that the nozzle needle 13 at the front end of the nozzle body 6, the injection holes 7 closes, which lead into the combustion chamber. Becomes the actuator 18 electrically controlled, the plunger 16 exerts a force on the spring-loaded control valve 12. As a consequence of this the control valve 12 opens. With the control valve 12 open stands between high pressure accumulator, control chamber 4, control valve 12 and return 14 a steady flow. This flow leads to the individual throttles, the inlet throttle 3 and the outlet throttle 10, to a defined Pressure drop. The pressure drop at the inlet throttle 3 and Flow restrictor 10 are each dimensioned so that the pressure reduced in the control chamber 4. This takes the in Control chamber 4 force acting on the nozzle body 6 while the pressure in the nozzle chamber 8 is equal to the system pressure remains, so that the injection valve hydraulically through the force exerted on the nozzle body 6 in the nozzle chamber 8 opens. This connects the nozzle chamber 8 with the Injection holes 7 made and the fuel in the Injected combustion chamber.

Diese Ausgestaltung hat den Nachteil, daß der auf das Steuerventil 12 im geschlossenen Zustand wirkende Druck im wesentlichen gleich dem Systemdruck, das heißt recht hoch ist. Da dieser Druck bei der bekannten Anordnung auf das Steuerventil 12 in Öffnungsrichtung wirkt, muß die Schließfeder des Steuerventils 12 kräftig ausgelegt werden, um das Steuerventil 12 geschlossen zu halten. Dies führt wiederum dazu, daß die zum Öffnen des Steuerventils erforderliche Kraft, die vom Aktor 18 aufzubringen ist, sehr groß ist.This configuration has the disadvantage that the control valve 12 pressure acting in the closed state essentially equal to the system pressure, which is quite high. There this pressure in the known arrangement on the control valve 12 acts in the opening direction, the closing spring of the control valve 12 are designed to the control valve 12th keep closed. This in turn leads to the fact that the Opening the control valve required force by the actuator 18 is very big.

Um diesen Nachteil zu beseitigen, wird in der EP-A-0 778 411 vorgeschlagen, das Steuerventil mit einem Druckausgleichsraum und einem Druckausgleichskolben zu versehen. Das Steuerventil steht dabei nach wie vor über eine Bohrung im Einspritzventilkörper mit einer Ablaufdrossel mit der Steuerkammer in Verbindung. Bei einer Weiterentwicklung dieser Anordnung ist die Ablaufbohrung in einem beweglichen, federbelasteten Drosselkolben angebracht, der zwischen Steuerkammer und Steuerventil angeordnet ist.Die Anordnung zum Steuern des Düsenkörpers des Einspritzventils wird damit extrem aufwendig.To overcome this disadvantage, EP-A-0 778 411 proposed the control valve with a pressure compensation chamber and to provide a pressure compensation piston. The control valve is still a hole in the injector body with a flow restrictor with the control chamber in Connection. A further development of this arrangement is the drain hole in a movable, spring-loaded throttle piston attached, between the control chamber and control valve The arrangement for controlling the nozzle body the injector is extremely expensive.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das Steuerventil so auszugestalten, daß die aufzubringenden Steuerkräfte bei einfachem Aufbau des Ventils gering sind.The invention is based, so the control valve to design that the tax forces to be applied with simple Structure of the valve are small.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit dem im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Steuerventil gelöst.This object is achieved with the in claim 1 specified control valve released.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Steuerventils sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.Advantageous embodiments of the control valve according to the invention are described in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung stellt demnach ein in den Einspritzventilkörper integriertes 2/2-Wegeventil dar. Das erfindungsgemäße Steuerventil ist sehr einfach aufgebaut, vollständig in den Einspritzventilkörper integriert und erfordert nur geringe Steuerkräfte. Die besondere Konstruktion des erfindungsgemäßen Steuerventils ermöglicht eine Minimierung des Ventilraumvolumens. Steuerventil, Drosseln und Einspritzventilkörper bilden eine kompakte Einheit. Am Steuerventil sind keine Federn oder ähnliche Einrichtungen zur Erzeugung von Vorspannungen nötig. Das erfindungsgemäße Steuerventil läßt sich für kleinste Hubbewegungen mit einem Hub von nur 20 bis 40 µm auslegen.The invention accordingly places in the injection valve body Integrated 2/2-way valve. The control valve according to the invention is very simple, completely in the injector body integrates and requires little control force. The special construction of the invention Control valve enables a minimization of the valve space volume. Form the control valve, throttles and injector body a compact unit. There are no springs or on the control valve Similar devices for the generation of prestressing are necessary. The control valve according to the invention can be used for the smallest stroke movements lay out with a stroke of only 20 to 40 µm.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung beispielhaft näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 schematisch ein bekanntes Einspritzventil mit einem 2/2-Wegeventil als Steuerventil;
  • Fig. 2 ein Einspritzventil mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Steuerventil;
  • Fig. 3 eine erste Ausführungsform des Ventilkörpers für das Steuerventil der Fig. 2; und
  • Fig. 4 eine zweite Ausführungsform des Ventilkörpers für das Steuerventil der Fig. 2.
    • The invention is explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to the drawing. Show it:
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a known injection valve with a 2/2-way valve as a control valve.
  • 2 shows an injection valve with the control valve according to the invention;
  • Fig. 3 shows a first embodiment of the valve body for the control valve of Fig. 2; and
  • 4 shows a second embodiment of the valve body for the control valve of FIG. 2.

    • In der Fig. 2 ist ein Einspritzventil mit einem erfindungsgemäßen 2/2-Wegeventil als Steuerventil dargestellt.2 is an injection valve with an inventive 2/2-way valve shown as a control valve.

    Auch bei dem in der Fig. 2 gezeigten Einspritzventil steht wie im Falle der Fig. 1 die Steuerkammer 4 des Einspritzventils über eine Hochdruckbohrung 1 und eine Zulaufbohrung 2 mit einer Zulaufdrossel 3 im Einspritzventilkörper 5 mit dem Hochdruckspeicher in Verbindung, der sich auf Systemdruck befindet. Obwohl in der Fig. 2 nicht mehr dargestellt, führt auch hier die Hochdruckbohrung 1 weiter zu einer Düsenkammer am vorderen Ende des beweglichen Düsenkörpers 6, der mit seinem hinteren Ende in die Steuerkammer 4 ragt bzw. eine Seite der Steuerkammer 4 bildet.Also stands in the injection valve shown in FIG. 2 as in the case of FIG. 1, the control chamber 4 of the injection valve via a high pressure bore 1 and an inlet bore 2 with an inlet throttle 3 in the injection valve body 5 with the High-pressure accumulator in connection, which is at system pressure. Although no longer shown in FIG. 2, leads here also the high pressure bore 1 continues to a nozzle chamber at the front end of the movable nozzle body 6, with its protrudes rear end into the control chamber 4 or one side the control chamber 4 forms.

    Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform der Fig. 2 ist das Steuerventil 12 unmittelbar angrenzend an die Steuerkammer 4 angeordnet. Dazu ist im Einspritzventilkörper 5 eine Aussparung 30 ausgebildet, die sich gegenüber dem Düsenkörper 6 bzw. der für die Aufnahme des Düsenkörpers 6 bestimmten Bohrung in Längsrichtung des Einspritzventilkörpers 5 von der Steuerkammer 4 weg erstreckt. In die Aussparung 30 ist ein Ventilkörper 20 eingesetzt. Ähnlich wie der Düsenkörper 6 ist auch der Ventilkörper 20 des Steuerventils 12 zwar in Längsrichtung des Einspritzventilkörpers 5 beweglich, jedoch abdichtend in die Aussparung 30 eingepaßt.In the embodiment of FIG. 2 according to the invention that is Control valve 12 immediately adjacent to the control chamber 4 arranged. There is a recess in the injection valve body 5 for this purpose 30 is formed, which is opposite the nozzle body 6 or the bore intended for receiving the nozzle body 6 in the longitudinal direction of the injection valve body 5 from the Control chamber 4 extends away. In the recess 30 is a Valve body 20 used. Similar to the nozzle body 6 also the valve body 20 of the control valve 12 in the longitudinal direction of the injector body 5 movable, but sealing fitted into the recess 30.

    Die Aussparung 30 ist zur Steuerkammer 4 hin offen, so daß der in die Aussparung 30 eingesetzte Ventilkörper 20 mit einer Fläche A1 (seiner Bodenfläche) in die Steuerkammer 4 ragt bzw. mit dieser Fläche A1 eine Seite der Steuerkammer 4 bildet. In der Regel liegt diese Seite der Seite der Steuerkammer 4 gegenüber, die vom Düsenkörper 6 gebildet wird.The recess 30 is open to the control chamber 4 so that the valve body 20 inserted into the recess 30 projects into the control chamber 4 with a surface A 1 (its bottom surface) or forms a side of the control chamber 4 with this surface A 1 . As a rule, this side lies opposite the side of the control chamber 4 which is formed by the nozzle body 6.

    Auf der anderen Seite (der Oberseite) der Aussparung 30, die von der Steuerkammer 4 abgewandt ist, ist im Einspritzventilkörper 5 eine Bohrung 40 vorgesehen, durch die der Stößel 16 des elektromagnetischen und/oder piezoelektrischen Aktors (in der Fig. 2 nicht dargestellt) verläuft. Der Durchmesser des Stößels 16 ist kleiner als der der Bohrung 40, und die Bohrung 40 bildet einen Teil des drucklosen Rücklaufs, durch den der Kraftstoff aus der Steuerkammer 4 bei geöffnetem Steuerventil 12 in den Kraftstofftank zurückfließt.On the other side (the top) of the recess 30, the facing away from the control chamber 4 is in the injector body 5, a bore 40 is provided through which the plunger 16 of the electromagnetic and / or piezoelectric actuator (in 2 not shown). The diameter of the Ram 16 is smaller than that of bore 40, and the bore 40 forms part of the unpressurized return through which the fuel from the control chamber 4 when the control valve is open 12 flows back into the fuel tank.

    Die Bohrung 40 wiederum hat einen kleineren Durchmesser als die Aussparung 30. Der Übergang von der Bohrung 40 in die Aussparung 30 ist als Ventilsitz 24 für das Steuerventil 12 ausgebildet, an dem bei geschlossenem Steuerventil 12 eine Dichtfläche 22 an der Oberseite des Ventilkörpers 20, das heißt an der von der Steuerkammer 4 abgewandten Seite des Ventilkörpers 20, abdichtend zur Anlage kommt.The bore 40 in turn has a smaller diameter than the recess 30. The transition from the bore 40 in the Recess 30 is a valve seat 24 for the control valve 12 formed, on which when the control valve 12 is closed Sealing surface 22 on the top of the valve body 20, the on the side facing away from the control chamber 4 Valve body 20, comes to seal.

    Anschließend an die dem Ventilsitz 24 entsprechende Dichtfläche 22 weist der Ventilkörper 20 an seinem Außenumfang einen radialen Absatz oder eine radiale Einschnürung 25 auf. Die Einschnürung 25 erweitert sich stufenförmig in einem Abstand von der Oberseite des Ventilkörpers 20 und von der Dichtfläche 22 auf den Außendurchmesser des Ventilkörpers 20, der dem Innendurchmesser der Aussparung 30 entspricht. Die Einschnürung 25 läßt zusammen mit einer radialen Schulter 32 am oberen Ende der Aussparung 30 am oberen Ende des Steuerventils 12 eine Ventilkammer 26 entstehen.Subsequent to the sealing surface corresponding to the valve seat 24 22 has the valve body 20 on its outer circumference radial shoulder or a radial constriction 25. The Constriction 25 widens in steps at a distance from the top of the valve body 20 and from the sealing surface 22 on the outer diameter of the valve body 20, the Corresponds to the inner diameter of the recess 30. The constriction 25 together with a radial shoulder 32 on upper end of the recess 30 at the upper end of the control valve 12 a valve chamber 26 arise.

    Die Einschnürung 25 weist bezüglich des in der Ventilkammer 26 herrschenden Drucks eine ringförmige Wirkfläche A2 auf, die der Wirkfläche A1 an der Unterseite des Ventilkörpers 20 gegenüberliegt und die kleiner ist als diese Wirkfläche A1. Die Verhältnisse sind somit ähnlich wie beim Düsenkörper 6, der sich unter Berücksichtigung der verschiedenen Wirkflächen an seinem oberen bzw. unteren Ende in Abhängigkeit von den Drücken in der Steuerkammer 4 und der Düsenkammer 8 auf und ab bewegt.With regard to the pressure prevailing in the valve chamber 26, the constriction 25 has an annular active surface A 2 which lies opposite the active surface A 1 on the underside of the valve body 20 and which is smaller than this active surface A 1 . The conditions are thus similar to that of the nozzle body 6, which moves up and down in consideration of the various active surfaces at its upper or lower end depending on the pressures in the control chamber 4 and the nozzle chamber 8.

    In den Ventilkörper 20 ist eine Ablaufbohrung 27 mit einer Ablaufdrossel 28 integriert. Die Ablaufbohrung 27 mit der Ablaufdrossel 28 erstreckt sich von der Steuerkammer 4 zur Ventilkammer 26, das heißt von der an die Steuerkammer 4 angrenzenden bzw. in diese ragenden Seite des Ventilkörpers 20 zu der Einschnürung 25.In the valve body 20 is a drain hole 27 with a Flow restrictor 28 integrated. The drain hole 27 with the drain throttle 28 extends from the control chamber 4 to the valve chamber 26, that is to say from that adjoining the control chamber 4 or in this projecting side of the valve body 20 the constriction 25.

    Im Ausgangszustand, bei geschlossenem Einspritzventil, wird der Ventilkörper 20 des Steuerventils 12 durch den Druck in der Steuerkammer 4, der praktisch dem Systemdruck entspricht, gegen den Ventilsitz 24 gedrückt, so daß zwischen der Ventilkammer 26 und der Bohrung 40, die Teil des drucklosen Rücklaufs zum Kraftstofftank ist, keine Verbindung besteht. Zwar liegt über die Ablaufbohrung 27 und die Ablaufdrossel 28 in der Ventilkammer 26 im wesentlichen der gleiche Druck wie in der Steuerkammer 4 an, da jedoch die Fläche A1, über die der Druck von der Seite der Steuerkammer 4 auf den Ventilkörper 20 einwirkt, größer ist als die Fläche A2, über die der Druck in der Ventilkammer 26 in entgegengesetzter Richtung wirkt, ist die resultierende Kraft in Richtung Ventilsitz gerichtet.In the initial state, with the injector closed, the valve body 20 of the control valve 12 is pressed against the valve seat 24 by the pressure in the control chamber 4, which practically corresponds to the system pressure, so that between the valve chamber 26 and the bore 40, the part of the unpressurized return to the fuel tank, there is no connection. Although there is essentially the same pressure as in the control chamber 4 via the outlet bore 27 and the outlet throttle 28 in the valve chamber 26, however, the area A 1 over which the pressure acts on the valve body 20 from the side of the control chamber 4 is greater than the area A 2 over which the pressure in the valve chamber 26 acts in the opposite direction, the resulting force is directed towards the valve seat.

    Der Systemdruck liegt in der Steuerkammer 4 auch am Düsenkörper 6 an, so daß die Düsennadel am vorderen Ende des Düsenkörpers 6 in ihren Sitz gedrückt wird und die Verbindung zu den Einspritzlöchern 7 unterbrochen ist. Folglich wird kein Kraftstoff in den Brennraum eingespritzt. The system pressure in the control chamber 4 is also on the nozzle body 6 so that the nozzle needle at the front end of the nozzle body 6 is pressed into its seat and the connection to the injection holes 7 is interrupted. Consequently, none Fuel injected into the combustion chamber.

    Bei einer elektrischen Ansteuerung des Aktors 18 wird über den Stößel 16 eine Kraft auf das Steuerventil 12 ausgeübt, die den Ventilkörper 20 vom Ventilsitz 24 abhebt. Da an der Wirkfläche A2 der Ventilkammer 26 bereits eine in Öffnungsrichtung wirkende Kraft anliegt, braucht die vom Stößel 16 ausgeübte Kraft nur mehr die Differenz zu der an der größeren Wirkfläche A1 angreifenden Kraft zu überwinden.When the actuator 18 is electrically actuated, a force is exerted on the control valve 12 via the tappet 16, which force lifts the valve body 20 from the valve seat 24. Since there is already a force acting in the opening direction on the active surface A 2 of the valve chamber 26, the force exerted by the tappet 16 only needs to overcome the difference to the force acting on the larger active surface A 1 .

    Beim Abheben des Ventilkörpers 20 vom Ventilsitz 24 wird zwischen der Ventilkammer 26 und der Bohrung 40, die Teil des drucklosen Rücklaufs zum Kraftstofftank ist, eine Verbindung hergestellt. Damit strömt Kraftstoff aus der Hochdruckbohrung 1 durch die Zulaufdrossel 3, die Steuerkammer 4, die Ablaufdrossel 28 und die Ventilkammer 26 in die Bohrung 40. Der Durchmesser der Ablaufdrossel 28 ist größer als der Durchmesser der Zulaufdrossel 3 im Einspritzventilkörper 5. Der Durchfluß durch die Zulaufdrossel 3 ist deshalb geringer als der durch die Ablaufdrossel 28, so daß der Druck in der Steuerkammer 4 abnimmt. Der Düsenkörper 6 wird somit entlastet, und der in der Düsenkammer 8 (Fig. 1) anstehende Systemdruck hebt die Düsennadel von ihrem Sitz ab und gibt die Verbindung zu den Einspritzlöchern 7 frei. Damit beginnt der Einspritzvorgang. Der Hub des Ventilkörpers 20 beim Abheben vom Ventilsitz 24 und der dieser Bewegung entgegengerichtete Hub des Düsenkörpers 6 können so abgestimmt sein, daß die Unterseite des Ventilkörpers 20 an der Oberseite des Düsenkörpers 6 zur Anlage kommt. Da beides plane Flächen sind, wird dadurch die in die Unterseite des Ventilkörpers 20 mündende Ablaufbohrung 27 verschlossen. Als Folge davon fließt im wesentlichen kein Kraftstoff mehr durch den Rücklauf ab. Gleichzeitig erhöht sich der Druck in der Steuerkammer 4. When lifting the valve body 20 from the valve seat 24 between the valve chamber 26 and the bore 40, which is part of the unpressurized return to the fuel tank is a connection manufactured. This causes fuel to flow out of the high-pressure bore 1 through the inlet throttle 3, the control chamber 4, the outlet throttle 28 and the valve chamber 26 in the bore 40. Der The diameter of the outlet throttle 28 is larger than the diameter the inlet throttle 3 in the injection valve body 5. The Flow through the inlet throttle 3 is therefore less than through the flow restrictor 28 so that the pressure in the control chamber 4 decreases. The nozzle body 6 is thus relieved, and the system pressure present in the nozzle chamber 8 (FIG. 1) lifts the nozzle needle from its seat and gives the connection to the injection holes 7 free. The injection process begins. The stroke of the valve body 20 when lifting off the valve seat 24 and the movement of the nozzle body opposite to this movement 6 can be adjusted so that the underside of the valve body 20 on the top of the nozzle body 6 to the system comes. Since both are flat surfaces, the Bottom of the valve body 20 outlet bore 27 locked. As a result, essentially none flows More fuel through the return flow. Increased at the same time the pressure in the control chamber 4.

    Diese Maßnahme hat den Vorteil, daß sich der Leckstrom des Einspritzventils und damit die unnötig geförderte Kraftstoff menge verringert. Sie muß jedoch nicht in jedem Fall vorgesehen werden.This measure has the advantage that the leakage current of the Injector and thus the unnecessarily delivered fuel quantity reduced. However, it does not have to be provided in every case become.

    Nach Beendigung der Ansteuerung des Aktors 18 wird der Ventilkörper 20 durch den Druck in der Steuerkammer 4, der immer größer ist als der Druck in der mit dem drucklosen Rücklauf in Verbindung stehenden Ventilkammer 26, an den Ventilsitz 24 gedrückt. Damit wird die Verbindung zur Bohrung 40 und zum drucklosen Rücklauf unterbrochen, so daß sich in der Steuerkammer 4 wieder der volle Druck aufbauen kann. Der Druck in der Steuerkammer 4 führt am Düsenkörper 6 zu einer Kraft in Richtung zum Sitz der Düsennadel, die die Düsennadel wieder in ihren Sitz drückt und den Einspritzvorgang beendet.After the actuation of the actuator 18 has ended, the valve body 20 by the pressure in the control chamber 4, which is always is greater than the pressure in the unpressurized return connected valve chamber 26 to the valve seat 24 pressed. So that the connection to the bore 40 and unpressurized return flow interrupted, so that in the control chamber 4 can build up the full pressure again. The pressure in the control chamber 4 leads to a force on the nozzle body 6 Direction to the seat of the nozzle needle, which is the nozzle needle again presses into their seat and ends the injection process.

    In der Fig. 3 ist die bei dem Einspritzventil der Fig. 2 verwendete Ausführungsform des Ventilkörpers 20 im Detail dargestellt. Die Ablaufbohrung 27 mit der Ablaufdrossel 28 verläuft von der Unterseite des Ventilkörpers 20, die an die Steuerkammer 4 angrenzt, schräg durch den Ventilkörper 20 und mündet direkt in die Einschnürung 25 unterhalb der Dichtfläche 22.3 is that used in the injection valve of FIG. 2 Embodiment of the valve body 20 shown in detail. The drain hole 27 runs with the drain throttle 28 from the bottom of the valve body 20, which to the Control chamber 4 adjacent, obliquely through the valve body 20 and opens directly into the constriction 25 below the sealing surface 22nd

    Die Fig. 4 zeigt eine alternative Ausführungsform des Ventilkörpers 20. Bei dieser Ausführungsform verläuft die Ablaufbohrung 27 mit der Ablaufdrossel 28 in Richtung der Längsachse des Ventilkörpers 20 von der Unterseite des Ventilkörpers 20, die an die Steuerkammer 4 angrenzt, durch den Ventilkörper 20 und mündet in eine Querbohrung 29, die senkrecht zur Längsachse durch den Ventilkörper 20 verläuft und die in die Einschnürung 25 unterhalb der Dichtfläche 22 einmündet.4 shows an alternative embodiment of the valve body 20. In this embodiment, the drain hole 27 with the outlet throttle 28 in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the valve body 20 from the bottom of the valve body 20, which is adjacent to the control chamber 4, through the valve body 20 and opens into a transverse bore 29 which is perpendicular to Longitudinal axis runs through the valve body 20 and into the Constriction 25 opens below the sealing surface 22.

    Claims (7)

    1. Injection valve for injecting fuel into an internal combustion engine, containing a control valve with a control chamber (4), which can be connected to a high-pressure accumulator via an inlet throttle (3) and which can be connected to an unpressurized return line (14) leading to a fuel tank via an outlet throttle (10, 28) and the control valve (12), which has an axially movable valve body (20) and a valve seat (24), whereby the inlet throttle (3) and the outlet throttle (10, 28) are dimensioned such that the pressure drop at the inlet throttle (3) is greater than the pressure drop at the outlet throttle (10, 28), whereby the control valve (12) is positioned adjoining the control chamber and the valve body (20) of the control valve (12) has a first operating surface (A1) adjoining the control chamber (4),
      whereby the valve body (20) on one of the sides opposite the control chamber 4 and the first operating surface (A1) has a sealing surface (22) cooperating with the valve seat (24), and the control chamber (4) can be connected to the return line (14) by lifting of the valve body (20) with its sealing surface (22) from the valve seat (24),
      whereby the pressure prevailing in the control chamber (4) acts on a movable nozzle body (6), which is provided with a nozzle needle (13) which releases and seals injection holes (7) as the nozzle body (6) moves,
      characterised in that
      the control valve (12) furthermore incorporates a valve chamber (26), which is situated opposite the control chamber 4 in relation to the valve body (20) and is connected to the control chamber 4 via the outlet throttle (28), and which, on the valve body (20), has a second operating surface (A2) being smaller than the first operating surface (A1) and acting in a fashion opposed to the first, and
      the valve chamber (26) is situated with the corresponding valve seat (24) in a flow direction downstream from the outlet throttle (28) and upstream of the sealing surface (22).
    2. Injection valve according to Claim 1, characterised in that the outlet throttle (28) is integrated into the valve body (20) of the control valve (12).
    3. Injection valve according to Claim 1, characterised in that the second operating surface (A2) of the valve chamber (26) is defined by a constriction (25) formed on the top side of the valve body (20).
    4. Injection valve according to Claim 3, characterised in that an outlet bore (27), with the outlet throttle (28) in the valve body (20), runs directly from the underside of the valve body (20) adjoining the control chamber (4) to the constriction (25) on the top side of the valve body (20).
    5. Injection valve according to Claim 3, characterised in that an outlet bore (27) with the outlet throttle (28) leads to a transverse bore (29) from the underside of the valve body (20) adjoining the control chamber (4), whereby the said transverse bore runs at the level of the constriction (25) on the top side of the valve body (20) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the valve body (20), and opens into the constriction (25).
    6. Injection valve according to Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that by lifting the valve body (20) off the valve seat (24) and by lifting the nozzle needle (13) off an assigned seat (15), the nozzle body (6) and the valve body (20) are moved onto one another, with the result that the outflow via the outlet throttle (28) is reduced.
    7. Injection valve according to Claim 6, characterized in that the top side of the nozzle body (6) which faces the first surface (A1) of the valve body (20) is constructed at least partially as a sealing surface, and if the nozzle needle (13) and the valve body (20) are lifted the underside of the valve body is positioned against the top side of the nozzle body and an outflow via the outlet throttle (28) is prevented.
    EP99109650A 1998-05-19 1999-05-12 Control valve for a fuel injector Expired - Lifetime EP0959243B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE19822503 1998-05-19
    DE19822503A DE19822503C1 (en) 1998-05-19 1998-05-19 Control valve for fuel injector

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0959243A1 EP0959243A1 (en) 1999-11-24
    EP0959243B1 true EP0959243B1 (en) 2003-11-12

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    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP99109650A Expired - Lifetime EP0959243B1 (en) 1998-05-19 1999-05-12 Control valve for a fuel injector

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    US (1) US6145492A (en)
    EP (1) EP0959243B1 (en)
    JP (1) JP2000008988A (en)
    DE (2) DE19822503C1 (en)

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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    DE19822503C1 (en) 1999-11-25
    EP0959243A1 (en) 1999-11-24
    DE59907682D1 (en) 2003-12-18
    US6145492A (en) 2000-11-14
    JP2000008988A (en) 2000-01-11

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