EP0956883A1 - Feuerlöscheinrichtung mit einem thermochemischen Gasgenerator - Google Patents

Feuerlöscheinrichtung mit einem thermochemischen Gasgenerator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0956883A1
EP0956883A1 EP99401142A EP99401142A EP0956883A1 EP 0956883 A1 EP0956883 A1 EP 0956883A1 EP 99401142 A EP99401142 A EP 99401142A EP 99401142 A EP99401142 A EP 99401142A EP 0956883 A1 EP0956883 A1 EP 0956883A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
generator
extinguishing device
liquid
extinguishing
mixing chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99401142A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0956883B1 (de
Inventor
Bernard Finck
Jean-Pierre Chaumat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pyroalliance SA
Cerberus Guinard
Safran Ceramics SA
Original Assignee
Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs
Pyroalliance SA
Cerberus Guinard
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs , Pyroalliance SA, Cerberus Guinard filed Critical Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs
Publication of EP0956883A1 publication Critical patent/EP0956883A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0956883B1 publication Critical patent/EP0956883B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0072—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using sprayed or atomised water

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device fire extinguisher. More particularly it relates to a device using a generator thermochemical gas to produce a mixture of gases blanket and misty extinguishing liquid on a fire.
  • the fires or fires considered here are basically of two types.
  • the first type concerns solid fires, generally of organic origin, whose combustion takes place by the formation of embers; these fires are sometimes assimilated to fires of area.
  • the second type concerns fires of liquids or liquefiable solids.
  • the extinguishing system according to the invention finds its justification in several types of application: it can be used against fires developing in closed or semi-closed rooms, but also in the case of a fire caused by an explosion, requiring a time of very short operation. Likewise, it is suitable for extinction of aircraft engine fires requiring high flow rates and a blast effect, and protection of objects to replace carbon dioxide currently in force.
  • a first method uses gases which inhibit reactions in the combustion chain. These gases are halogenated hydrocarbons such as "HALON”. The fire extinguishers using such gases are very efficient and effective. But, due to their effects on the ozone layer and under the environmentalist push some of these gases are prohibited for use or not recommended; other products or methods are research.
  • gases which inhibit reactions in the combustion chain. These gases are halogenated hydrocarbons such as "HALON”.
  • HALON halogenated hydrocarbons
  • the fire extinguishers using such gases are very efficient and effective. But, due to their effects on the ozone layer and under the environmentalist push some of these gases are prohibited for use or not recommended; other products or methods are research.
  • a second method uses inerting gases which expel oxygen and smother the fire.
  • gases are for example carbon dioxide, nitrogen or argon.
  • the devices that use them are heavy and require significant maintenance: bottles storage of liquefied gases or under high pressure. Of more, when these devices are implemented in closed premises they require procedures for the evacuation of personnel who are exposed to risk of suffocation for high gas rates necessary for inerting.
  • a third method is the misting of liquid extinction, the droplets formed act by different mechanisms. Fine droplets screen infrared radiation and reduce overheating surfaces subject to this radiation, vaporization extinguishing liquid constituting these droplets on the one hand absorbs heat and therefore cools the medium and on the other hand flushes out oxygen and helps inerting of the environment.
  • the technique of extinction by misting differs from spraying technique used by devices such as "sprinklers" for which the room is flooded, the fire controlled but not necessarily off.
  • Still other devices are used for spray the liquid.
  • the patent application WO 95/00205 describes a device comprising a pyrotechnic generator whose products are directed to a water tank adjoining the pyrotechnic generator. These products of combustion vaporize the water which is then entrained on the fire.
  • a first problem is to find conditions operating conditions to obtain, in a small footprint, quantity of inert gases sufficient and effective misting of the liquid of extinction in particular by the size of the droplets.
  • thermochemical gas generator which is subject to the product and object regulations pyrotechnics. These regulations define procedures for classifying these products and objects in risk classes, to each of these classes are associated with rules defining in particular the operating conditions to be observed. For a widest exploitation it is desirable that the fire extinguisher is classified in the class of lowest risks.
  • the fire extinguisher includes a liquid reservoir and a thermochemical gas generator such that it also has a supplied mixing chamber by controlled gas flows from the generator thermochemical and extinguishing liquid from the tank and that said mixing chamber is connected to at least one diffuser such as the pressure of the gas mixture and extinguishing liquid in said mixing chamber is between about 0.5MPa and about 10MPa.
  • the gas flow from the generator thermochemical is controlled by the geometry of the block propellant of the thermochemical generator and geometry of the orifice putting the generator in communication with the mixing chamber. Extinguishing liquid flow coming from the tank, is controlled by the system injecting liquid into the mixing chamber.
  • Piping connects said mixing chamber with one or more diffusers.
  • the number and arrangement of diffusers are adapted to configuration of the room and objects protected against the fire. These are the diffusers, which are nozzles initiated, which regulate, according to the incoming flows, the pressure of the mixture in the mixing chamber.
  • the extinguishing device is such that the pressure in the mixing chamber is included between about 2MPa and about 5MPa. Preferably the pressure in the mixing chamber is around 4MPa.
  • liquid tank extinguisher is arranged, at least partially, around of the thermochemical generator.
  • the tank is arranged in the extension of the thermochemical generator.
  • the extinguishing liquid is based water which is the cheapest and most liquid efficient for extinguishing fires. At this water we can add different additives especially for further improve its extinguishing power, avoid gel.
  • the gas mixture and extinguishing liquid is saturated with extinguishing liquid so as to constitute a biphasic mixture comprising condensed droplets of extinguishing liquid.
  • the aerodynamic shearing of these droplets during passage through the diffusers produces the misting of the extinguishing liquid.
  • the mixing chamber is supplied in extinguishing liquid by an injection system disposed around said mixing chamber.
  • the system injection is achieved by one or more rows circumferential holes or nozzles arranged around from the mixing chamber. Preferably this injection is done at the upstream part of this chamber mixed.
  • thermochemical generator In a first realization the communication between the thermochemical generator and the mixing is done by an orifice which allows to maintain an internal pressure of the thermochemical generator which is greater than about double the pressure in the mixing chamber.
  • the orifice is said sonically initiated and generator operation is decoupled from that of the mixing chamber.
  • thermochemical generator In a second realization the communication between the thermochemical generator and the mixing is done by an orifice which allows to maintain a slight pressure drop between the generator and the mixing chamber. In this configuration the generator and mixing chamber operation are no longer decoupled, but the pressure in the thermochemical generator is weaker and the envelope of the generator may be thinner and therefore more slight.
  • the communication port between the generator thermochemical and the mixing chamber is initially closed with a seal.
  • This seal protects the thermochemical humidity generator and facilitates activation of the thermochemical generator at the time of ignition.
  • this seal in general metallic, is petalable to avoid projecting into the mixing chamber, then in the pipes, more or less significant metal pieces risking to plug diffusers.
  • thermochemical generator includes a device ignition whose operation is controlled by a fire detection system.
  • the thermochemical generator includes a block of propellant contained in an envelope suitably sized and protected to withstand pressure and in the heat.
  • the solid propellant chosen is such that its combustion mainly produces gases and in particular gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water vapor.
  • the shape and dimensions of the block are adapted to obtain an operating time of a few tens of seconds to a few minutes, to that the device has an extended action time.
  • the extinguishant tank can be pressurized by an auxiliary device: for example a "sparklet" of liquid carbon dioxide or nitrogen, a permanent pressurization or an auxiliary generator of gas.
  • an auxiliary device for example a "sparklet" of liquid carbon dioxide or nitrogen, a permanent pressurization or an auxiliary generator of gas.
  • the generator thermochemical described in the previous paragraph, includes a means of pressurizing the liquid reservoir extinguishing by appropriately removing gas arranged, which avoids the use of devices and greatly simplifies the operation of the device.
  • This means of pressurizing the reservoir of extinguishing liquid has a regulator to regulate and stagger the pressures in the different parts of the extinguishing device.
  • the liquid reservoir completely surrounds the generator thermochemical.
  • the extinguishing liquid tank also surrounds the mixing chamber located in the extension of the thermochemical generator.
  • the generator thermochemical and the mixing chamber are arranged vertically so that the extinguishing liquid surrounds, as long as possible, during the operation, the thermochemical generator and possibly the mixing chamber.
  • the mixing chamber overcomes the pyrotechnic generator and a dip tube connects the bottom of the extinguishing liquid tank to the liquid injection system in said chamber mixed. This dip tube makes it possible to use almost all the extinguishing liquid.
  • thermochemical overcomes the mixing chamber.
  • the mist cloud produced by mixing with the extinguishing liquid and by expansion by diffusers is "lukewarm" which on the one hand avoids thermal shock on equipment and recondensations on equipment and secondly possible burns of personnel present near the diffusers.
  • thermochemical can be solved by choosing a propellant classified as low risk. But in addition, the arrangement of the extinguishing liquid tank around of the gas generator and possibly around the mixing chamber, which constitutes a very compact, solves the problems mentioned above.
  • the presence of this liquid reservoir around the thermochemical generator significantly reduces risk of a possible explosion due to heating outside of this generator and therefore allows to store the device in minimum risk class with light conditions of use. Else apart the presence of this liquid envelope increases the thermal inertia of the device and homogenizes its temperature during operation which allows obtain a substantially constant two-phase mixture conducive to improving the final misting.
  • the gases produced by the combustion of the block propellants are essentially inert gases, and preexisting in nature, there is no production of halogenated gases prohibited or not recommended. Plus the rate gases which participate in the inerting being weak, it is compatible with the presence of personnel in the local.
  • the gases generated carry the cloud of misted water which gives it a certain dynamic that promotes extinction, in particular hidden lights.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a very compact embodiment in which the thermochemical generator is in the low position and is entirely surrounded by the reservoir of extinguishing liquid.
  • FIG. 2 likewise represents an embodiment of the invention in which the thermochemical generator is in the high position.
  • FIG. 3 schematically represents an embodiment in which the different elements are separated.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first particular embodiment of the invention.
  • the extinguishing liquid tank 2 completely surrounds the thermochemical generator 3 of gas in the low position and the mixing chamber 4 placed above along a same vertical axis.
  • the communication between the thermochemical generator 3 and the mixing chamber 4 takes place through an orifice 7; this orifice is of reduced size, it has the shape and dimensions of a nozzle neck such that the pressure in the thermochemical generator 3 is approximately twice that prevailing in the mixing chamber 4.
  • this orifice is closed by a cover 7 ', this cover is petalable to avoid metal splashes in the extinguishing device.
  • the pressure of breakdown of the cover is chosen as a function of the ignition pressure of the generator 3 and of the pressure necessary to obtain the pressurization of the extinguishing liquid in the tank 2.
  • the generator 3 comprises a propellant block 10, in the present example it is a full block, burning in cigarettes, this block is appropriately inhibited.
  • an ignition device 9 connected to a control system, not shown, this system can be electrical or mechanical.
  • a pressurization means 11 which takes and holds gases from the thermochemical generator to pressurize the tank 2 of extinguishing liquid.
  • the extinguishing liquid is thus injected into the mixing chamber 4 by an injection system 6 arranged all around the latter and in its upstream part.
  • This injection system 6 comprises a dip tube 12 which goes practically to the bottom of the tank 2 to use all the extinguishing liquid.
  • the flame front on the surface of the propellant changes in the same direction as the level of the free surface of the extinguishing liquid.
  • the outlet of the mixing chamber is connected by pipes 13 of suitable dimensions to several diffusers 5, to distribute and mist in the room, the products resulting from the mixture of combustion gases and extinguishing liquid.
  • FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the invention.
  • the thermochemical generator 23 is above the mixing chamber 24.
  • the extinguishing liquid reservoir 22 completely surrounds the generator 23 and only the upstream part of the mixing chamber 24, at the level of the liquid injection system 26 of extinction.
  • Communication between the thermochemical generator 23 and the mixing chamber 24 takes place through a large orifice 8 so that it is not sonically initiated.
  • This orifice creates a suitable pressure drop between the thermochemical generator and the mixing chamber.
  • this orifice 8 is closed by a seal 8 'petalable.
  • Pipes 33 connect the outlet of the mixing chamber 24 to diffusers 25.
  • the generator 23 includes an ignition device 29 and a means of pressurizing 31 of the tank 22 of extinguishing liquid.
  • FIG. 3 represents a less compact embodiment of the invention.
  • the extinguishing liquid reservoir 42 is separated from the pyrotechnic generator 43 and from the mixing chamber 44.
  • a conduit connects the reservoir 42 of extinguishing liquid to the injection system 46 arranged around of the mixing chamber 44 which is extended by a pipe 53 ending in a diffuser 45.
  • the thermochemical generator 43 contains a propellant block 50 with front combustion, ignited by an ignition device 49.
  • the thermochemical generator is connected to the mixing chamber through an orifice 7, of the primed nozzle type as in the example of FIG. 1.
  • the reservoir 42 of extinguishing liquid is pressurized by an auxiliary device 51 whose operation is synchronized with that of the device 40 and in particular of the ignition device 49.
  • Bondage devices such as, for example the loading port of the thermochemical generator, the extinguisher filling port, possible drain valves, watertight passages are neither detailed nor shown in these figures.
  • an ignition order is sent to the ignition device 9,29,49 of the propellant block.
  • This sequence can be fully automatic. She can also be triggered manually by an operator present on site or warned by an alarm.
  • the operation of the ignition device 9,29,49 ignites the solid propellant block 10.30.50, the pressure in the generator combustion chamber thermochemical increases up to the rupture pressure from the cover 7 ', 8'.
  • part of the gases produced are held by means of pressurize 11, 21 and pressurize the tank 2.20 of extinguishing liquid.
  • an auxiliary generator 51 pressurizes the tank 42. The extinguishing liquid is expelled to the 6,26,46 injection system in the mixing chamber 4,24,44.
  • the gases emerging in the mixing chamber 4,24,44 through port 7,8 mix with liquid extinguishing sprayed by the injection system 6,26,46 there is cooling of this mixture.
  • the droplets of extinguishing liquid are entrained by gases to diffusers 5,25,45.
  • the so-called diffusers 5,25,45 distribute the gas-liquid extinguishing mixture by misting it in the room to be protected.
  • the propellants used in the device according to the invention must essentially produce gases; preferably the gases produced are carbon dioxide, nitrogen vapor of water. Most of the lower risk propellants and generating non-toxic gases suitable for this kind of use; for example the propellants described in patent applications FR 2 713 632, based on a binder oxygenated thermoplastic with an oxidizing charge mainly ammonium nitrate; FR 2,728,562 to base of a silicone binder and whose oxidizing charge is ammonium perchlorate and sodium nitrate and FR 2,750,422 based on an oxygenated binder and whose charge oxidant is a mixture of ammonium nitrate and potassium and ammonium perchlorates.
  • the propellant block has the form of a channel block central or preferably a full block taking into account required operating times.
  • This block is a free block suitably inhibited, this block is loaded and wedged in the structure of the thermochemical generator and changed after operation.
  • the ignition device is adapted to the shape of the block and the nature of the propellant. His initiation can be done electrically or mechanically by a percussion device triggered automatically or manually after fire detection.
  • the extinguishing liquid is essentially based of water.
  • additives to increase the extinguishing power chemical retardants, to avoid freezing: products antifreeze ... All these additives are known to the man of profession of the field which can select the products which adapt to the device and constraints regulatory.
  • the extinguishing device for a room of around 30m 3, the extinguishing device according to the invention comprises a propellant block of around 4kg and a water reserve of around 12kg.
  • the mixing chamber is pressurized to 4MPa and saturated with water, the temperature of the mixture is approximately 250 ° C.
  • the device produces a cloud of misted water whose average droplet diameter is less than 200 ⁇ m and whose gases lower the final oxygen level in the room to around 19%.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
EP19990401142 1998-05-15 1999-05-10 Feuerlöscheinrichtung mit einem thermochemischen Gasgenerator Expired - Lifetime EP0956883B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9806171 1998-05-15
FR9806171A FR2778576B1 (fr) 1998-05-15 1998-05-15 Dispositif d'extinction d'incendie comportant un generateur thermochimique de gaz

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EP0956883A1 true EP0956883A1 (de) 1999-11-17
EP0956883B1 EP0956883B1 (de) 2009-12-30

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DE (1) DE69941868D1 (de)
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001062344A1 (en) * 2000-02-26 2001-08-30 Tomorrows Design Company Limited Apparatus and method for suppressing fires
FR2841287A1 (fr) * 2002-06-21 2003-12-26 Brinks France Systeme de securisation de valeurs
WO2008025930A1 (fr) 2006-09-01 2008-03-06 Pyroalliance Dispositif de propulsion de liquide incorporant dans sa structure un generateur de gaz pyrotechnique
FR2911168A1 (fr) 2007-01-10 2008-07-11 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Sa Procede et dispositif pyrotechnique, autonome, d'injection d'un fluide
CN101020107B (zh) * 2007-03-20 2011-05-18 四川神剑消防科技有限公司 配置多动力源的超音速干粉灭火装置
US8408322B2 (en) 2003-12-02 2013-04-02 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Man-rated fire suppression system and related methods
US8616128B2 (en) 2011-10-06 2013-12-31 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Gas generator
WO2014001722A1 (fr) * 2012-06-29 2014-01-03 Herakles Dispositif de pulvérisation d'un liquide
US8672348B2 (en) 2009-06-04 2014-03-18 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Gas-generating devices with grain-retention structures and related methods and systems
US8939225B2 (en) 2010-10-07 2015-01-27 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Inflator-based fire suppression
US8967284B2 (en) 2011-10-06 2015-03-03 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Liquid-augmented, generated-gas fire suppression systems and related methods

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7337856B2 (en) 2003-12-02 2008-03-04 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Method and apparatus for suppression of fires

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1759749A1 (de) * 1968-06-04 1971-07-01 Reuter Werner Feuerloesch-Schnellverfahren mittels Schnelldampferzeugern
US4630683A (en) * 1985-11-22 1986-12-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Afterburning reduction
WO1995000205A1 (en) 1993-06-24 1995-01-05 Olin Corporation Apparatus and method for suppressing a fire

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2713632B1 (fr) 1993-12-07 1996-01-12 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Compositions pyrotechniques génératrices de gaz propres et non toxiques, contenant un liant élastomère thermoplastique.
FR2728562B1 (fr) 1994-12-22 1997-01-24 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Procede de fabrication en continu de chargements pyrotechniques a liant silicone et compositions susceptibles d'etre mises en oeuvre par ce procede
FR2750422B1 (fr) 1996-06-28 1998-08-07 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Compositions pyrotechniques generatrices de gaz propres et application a un generateur de gaz pour la securite automobile

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1759749A1 (de) * 1968-06-04 1971-07-01 Reuter Werner Feuerloesch-Schnellverfahren mittels Schnelldampferzeugern
US4630683A (en) * 1985-11-22 1986-12-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Afterburning reduction
WO1995000205A1 (en) 1993-06-24 1995-01-05 Olin Corporation Apparatus and method for suppressing a fire

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001062344A1 (en) * 2000-02-26 2001-08-30 Tomorrows Design Company Limited Apparatus and method for suppressing fires
FR2841287A1 (fr) * 2002-06-21 2003-12-26 Brinks France Systeme de securisation de valeurs
US8408322B2 (en) 2003-12-02 2013-04-02 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Man-rated fire suppression system and related methods
US9919173B2 (en) 2003-12-02 2018-03-20 Orbital Atk, Inc. Man-rated fire suppression system and related methods
FR2905454A1 (fr) 2006-09-01 2008-03-07 Pyroalliance Sa Generateur de gaz pyrotechnique a regulation de pression et dispositif de propulsion de liquide l'incorporant dans sa structure
WO2008025930A1 (fr) 2006-09-01 2008-03-06 Pyroalliance Dispositif de propulsion de liquide incorporant dans sa structure un generateur de gaz pyrotechnique
WO2008107579A2 (fr) 2007-01-10 2008-09-12 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Procede et dispositif pyrotechnique, autonome, d'injection d'un fluide
FR2911168A1 (fr) 2007-01-10 2008-07-11 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Sa Procede et dispositif pyrotechnique, autonome, d'injection d'un fluide
CN101020107B (zh) * 2007-03-20 2011-05-18 四川神剑消防科技有限公司 配置多动力源的超音速干粉灭火装置
US8672348B2 (en) 2009-06-04 2014-03-18 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Gas-generating devices with grain-retention structures and related methods and systems
US8939225B2 (en) 2010-10-07 2015-01-27 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Inflator-based fire suppression
US8616128B2 (en) 2011-10-06 2013-12-31 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Gas generator
US9682259B2 (en) 2011-10-06 2017-06-20 Orbital Atk, Inc. Fire suppression systems and methods of suppressing a fire
US8967284B2 (en) 2011-10-06 2015-03-03 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Liquid-augmented, generated-gas fire suppression systems and related methods
FR2992575A1 (fr) * 2012-06-29 2014-01-03 Herakles Dispositif de pulverisation d'un liquide
JP2015528738A (ja) * 2012-06-29 2015-10-01 エラクレスＨｅｒａｋｌｅｓ 液体の噴霧装置
CN104540555A (zh) * 2012-06-29 2015-04-22 海瑞克里兹 液体雾化设备
US9750965B2 (en) 2012-06-29 2017-09-05 Herakles Device for spraying a liquid
CN104540555B (zh) * 2012-06-29 2018-01-16 海瑞克里兹 液体喷洒设备
WO2014001722A1 (fr) * 2012-06-29 2014-01-03 Herakles Dispositif de pulvérisation d'un liquide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0956883B1 (de) 2009-12-30
DE69941868D1 (de) 2010-02-11
FR2778576B1 (fr) 2000-06-23
FR2778576A1 (fr) 1999-11-19

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