EP0955422A1 - Device for constructing load bearing walls of buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

The construction system consists of a series of assembled isomorphic modules (1,2,3) with reinforced concrete frames, panels (4), strengthening ribs (5) and insulating cores (6). The modules form a cellular structure for a vertical supporting superstructure having horizontal members level with the floors, and the system is suitable for automatic assembly with the aid of cantilever brackets (13) having threaded regulating couplings (11).

Description

The invention relates to a construction device composed of isomorphic modules, juxtaposed and honeycombed, to receive the load-bearing superstructure, intended for my implementation of load-bearing walls for collective or individual housing and for industry.

Current techniques offer either the juxtaposition of small elements assembled in a traditional way, which require a large number of complementary operations to obtain a finished product.
Either the installation of manufactured metal formwork at the height of the storey, large consumers of concrete and, consequently, of high load descents incompatible with the nature of certain soils. Often used for constructions with parallel cross walls, this material uses significant lifting means and is not suitable for detached individual houses.
Or so-called "heavy" prefabrication processes, relating to sections of storey height walls that require too large a means of manufacturing, loading, transport and implementation for small businesses responsible for limited or ad hoc achievements .

The object of the invention is to provide a possibility for small and medium-sized enterprises to be able to combine their know-how with industrialization compatible with the means at their disposal in order to widen the scope of their markets. At the same time, the device allows modular assemblies which allow a wide range of architectural compositions while respecting the quality and optimal mechanical and thermal resistance conditions.

In accordance with the invention, these objects are achieved with the assembly of a structure composed of modules designed so that they can be superimposed and juxtaposed in space without retouching at the time of their implementation, identical to a construction game. The stability of the structures is ensured by a monolithic superstructure carrying reinforced concrete, poured into the cells provided for this purpose.

The modules are part of a rectangular parallelepiped for simplification of the molds and allow prefabrication using the so-called stacking method where only the edges of the parts are molded using sliding formwork. These modules are transported by ordinary vehicles without any special arrangements. The prefabrication and the implementation do not require a very specialized workforce, and the masses handled authorize usual lifting means. The invention makes it possible to envisage making the modules either with a prefabricated reinforced concrete frame, or with a frame made up of other materials.

According to a first characteristic, the BASIC MODULE is formed of a framework which comprises a veil reinforced by stiffeners arranged in spikes and in the shape of an H, in which are incorporated threaded bushings in commercial steel, which gives it mechanical properties. . This framework is completed by two cores of insulating material lined with protruding plies forming a decompression chamber. The profiles of the BASIC MODULES present, after their juxtaposition, vertical cells intended to receive the vertical load-bearing superstructure made of reinforced concrete poured on site.
According to a second characteristic, the BASIC MODULE comprises a transverse cell located against the upper part of the transverse epi stiffener, intended for housing the horizontal load-bearing superstructure of the construction, constituted by beams of reinforced concrete cast on site and incorporated into the floors to obtain the CHAINING MODULE.
According to a third characteristic, the CHAINING MODULE comprises a transverse spur stiffener complementary to the frame and forming a lintel, in order to obtain the LINTEAU MODULE when it is intended to cover an opening.
According to a fourth characteristic, the modules are assembled by self-assembly using consoles provided with adjusting screw jacks. These consoles temporarily fixed on the underlying modules, also have the function of supporting the traffic decks as well as the railings for the protection of personnel.
According to a fifth characteristic, the modules have a monolithic framework obtained by molding of reinforced concrete. In this case, the cores of insulating material participate in the molding of the framework. According to a sixth characteristic, the modules have a framework stiffened by the assembly of the elements which compose it when they are made of a material other than reinforced concrete.

The invention is described below using examples and references to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 shows in perspective the device of the BASIC MODULE (1).

FIG. 2 shows in perspective a first variant of this device which comprises a transverse cell intended to house a chaining beam to obtain the CHAINING MODULE (2).

FIG. 3 shows in perspective a second variant of this device which comprises, in addition to the transverse cell which characterizes the CHAINING MODULE, an additional transverse spur stiffener acting as lintel, to obtain the LINTEAU MODULE (3).

Figure 4 shows in perspective the assembly device of the modules (1), (2) and (3), as well as that of the secondary elements. The opening tables (21), the elements of angles, window sills (19), thresholds for French windows, as well as the chaperones on the walls of the walls. They are made of materials similar to those of the modules and fitted with threaded bushings which give them the same mechanical properties. than modules.

Figure 5 shows in perspective, the provisional assembly of the heads of two aligned modules.

Figure 6 shows in vertical section the assembly of modules and secondary elements to the right of a window.

Figure 7 shows in vertical section, the assembly of modules and secondary elements to the right of a French window.

Figure 8 shows in horizontal plane, the assembly of modules and secondary elements in line with an opening located between two BASIC MODULES (1).

FIG. 9 represents in perspective a CHAINING MODULE (2) whose framework is stiffened by the assembly of the elements which compose it when it is made of a material other than reinforced concrete.

With reference to these drawings, the device comprises:

In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the frame of the BASE MODULE (1) is composed of a veil (4) and stiffening spikes (5) arranged in an H shape. It is completed by two cores ( 6) in insulating material with low thermal conductivity, in particular in expanded polystyrene, in approved plant or mineral fiber panels, lined with two protruding plies (7) forming decompression chambers between the web (4) and the cores (6), in particular made of commercially available polyethylene, environmentally friendly and durable. The threaded bushings (8) are installed in such a way that they participate in the manufacture, handling, assembly by self-assembly, anchoring on the vertical load-bearing superstructure by means of threaded pins, as well as in the fixing of the interior formwork, when pouring in reinforced concrete of this superstructure.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the BASIC MODULE (1) is completed by a transverse cell (9) situated against the upper part of the transverse spike, intended for housing the horizontal load-bearing superstructure to obtain the CHAINING MODULE (2).

In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the BASIC MODULE (1) comprises, in addition to the transverse reservation (9) which characterizes the LINING MODULE, a transverse spur stiffener (10) complementary to the framework and forming a lintel when it is intended to cover an opening, to obtain the LINTEAU MODULE (3).

In the assembly form according to FIG. 4, the insulating cores (6) and the protruding plies (7) are partially indicated for the clarity of the general structure system. The positioning of the modules (1), (2) and (3) in the horizontal plane is obtained by the embedding of metal dowels (11) in the sockets provided inter alia for this purpose. The positioning of the modules (1), (2) and (3) in the vertical plane is obtained by adjusting the commercial screw jacks (12) articulated on the metal consoles (13), themselves provisionally bolted to the modules under - adjacent by means of threaded bushings (8) of which it is one of the functions. The threaded studs (16) temporarily anchor the brackets (13) as well as the interior formwork of the vertical supporting superstructure (17). The wrought iron (20) secures the window sill (19) with the superstructure. The horizontal peripheral seal (14) compressed between two superimposed modules, is calibrated by crushing and by means of perforated plates (15) which crown the positioning pins (11). The threaded pins (18) bolted into the threaded bushings incorporated on the outer wall of the vertical stiffening spikes, ensure the connection of the vertical modules and secondary elements with the vertical supporting superstructure (17)

The superimposition of modules (1), (2) or (3) on three beds, allows a vertical distance between reservations of beams-chaining to be obtained which corresponds to the gross height between floors of a floor, according to the regulations in force , reserving sufficient guard for the installation of sound insulation, floor coverings, and treatment of ceilings.

During implementation, only one module out of two is alternately maintained and plumbed by means of metal consoles (13) provided with screw jacks (12). The intermediate modules are positioned at their base also by pegging, but their maintenance and verticality is practiced with the help of pins (23) of temporary connections. They are thus joined to the adjacent modules pending their final anchoring after concreting the vertical supporting superstructure (17) on the height of the corresponding bed.

The vertical (17) and horizontal superstructures constituted by the chaining beams (22) incorporated into the floors form the general load-bearing superstructure in reinforced concrete, of the walls of the construction.

The stiffening spike forming the crossbar of the H-shaped spikes is not load-bearing, however in all its flexural strength is sufficient to allow the installation of prefabricated floor beams before the installation of the slabs and the pouring of the compression slabs, while acting as a lower formwork for the reinforced concrete of the beams-chaining (22).

In the provisional assembly form according to Figure 5, the connecting pin comprises a bracket (23) and a branch (24) articulated on a pivot (25). This branch (24) has an oval hole (26) to be able to adapt to slight dimensional deviations. The fixing of the bracket (23) and of the branch (24) on the heads of the modules is done by bolting on the sockets threaded (8) which will later be used to fit the positioning pins of the upper module. According to variants not illustrated, pins having the same functions, temporarily assemble two modules, perpendicularly on a corner element, or three modules at the junction of a front wall and a cross wall.

In the form of assembly according to FIG. 6, a distinction is made between the secondary panel element (21) and the support piece (19). The lighter, the reservation for the chaining beam (22) incorporated into the floor and the opening fallout from the lower level consists of a LINTEAU MODULE (3).

In the form of assembly according to FIG. 7, a distinction is made between the secondary switchboard element (21), the reduced switchboard element (28), as well as the French window threshold (27). In this case, the LINTEAU MODULE (3) has a sail height adapted to the dimensional requirements to obtain the REDUCED LINTEAU MODULE (3 '). Access to French windows on cantilevered balconies is achieved by the use of REDUCED LINEAR MODULES not shown with sail heights corresponding to the requirements. We can also distinguish the position of the console (13) fitted with its screw jack (12) necessary for self-assembly.

In the form of assembly according to FIG. 8, a distinction is made between the panel elements (21), the vertical load-bearing superstructures (17), as well as the secondary window threshold element (27).

In the embodiment according to FIG. 9, the framework of the CHAINING MODULE (2) represented comprises a veil (4), and stiffening spikes (5). It is stiffened by the assembly of the elements which compose it. applies to all types of modules when their framework is made of a material other than reinforced concrete.

As an indication, the materials used other than reinforced concrete are either of natural origin (in particular wood and derivatives), or resulting from the techniques of transformation of mineral products, or consist of synthetic products, said materials having to present qualities which respect the criteria imposed by the standards which govern the building rules.

The assembly of the web (4) with the stiffening spikes (5) is carried out either mechanically, or by sealing in epoxy resin, or by chemical welds, depending on the nature of the material.

The advantage of this form of the device consists inter alia in the fact that the elements which compose it have common dimensions, and their freight can be particularly advantageous in the case of an assembly on the place of construction.

The installation accessories such as consoles (13) provided with their screw jacks (12), the connecting pins (23), are identical to those used when the framework of the modules is made of reinforced concrete.

The exterior surface finishes, the seals of vertical and horizontal facades, the installation of aluminum profile flaps under the horizontal secondary elements, the caulking and the interior linings are carried out according to the usual techniques.
The device according to the invention is particularly intended for the building industry for the construction of facade walls and load-bearing splits.

The device according to the invention is also compatible with the means available to small and medium-sized enterprises to promote the employment of unskilled labor while industrializing their know-how to widen their interventions.

Claims (6)

Construction device intended for the implementation of load-bearing walls of buildings, characterized in that it is composed of juxtaposable isomorphic modules, the BASIC MODULE (1) being formed of a framework which comprises a veil (4), stiffeners arranged in spikes (5) and in the form of an H, of two cores (6) of insulating material, doubled with protruding plies (7) forming decompression chambers, so that the profiles of the BASIC MODULES (1) have after their juxtaposition of the vertical cells intended to receive the vertical load-bearing superstructure (17) of reinforced concrete poured on site. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the BASIC MODULE (1) comprises a transverse cell (9) situated against the upper part of the transverval epi stiffener, intended for housing the horizontal load-bearing superstructure constituted by beams-chaining (22) in reinforced concrete poured on site and incorporated into the floors, to obtain the CHAINING MODULE (2). Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the CHAINING MODULE (2) comprises a transverse spur stiffener (10) complementary to the frame and forming a lintel, to obtain the LINTEAU MODULE (3) when it is intended to style an opening. Device according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the modules (1), (2) or (3) are assembled by self-assembly using brackets (13) provided with cylinders with adjusting screws (12). Device according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that the modules (1), (2) and (3) have a monolithic framework obtained by molding of reinforced concrete. Device according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that the modules (1), (2) and (3) have a framework produced by the assembly of the elements which compose it, made up separately when they are made of other material than reinforced concrete.

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