WO2002057572A2

WO2002057572A2 - The flat-soffit large-span industrial building system

Info

Publication number: WO2002057572A2
Application number: PCT/HR2001/000050
Authority: WO
Inventors: Milovan Skendzic; Branko Smrcek
Original assignee: Mara D.O.O. Tvornica Kuca I Hala
Priority date: 2001-01-22
Filing date: 2001-10-23
Publication date: 2002-07-25
Also published as: WO2002057572A3; HRPK20010056B1; HRP20010056A2

Abstract

The present building system solves constructing of large span buildings with flat soffit by composite elements. It comprises full-finished assembling single footing elements (5), two-part composite columns (4) into which the longitudinal large-height upper and lower bearing wall-panels (2) and (3) are inserted, that close the inner space of the building. Roof-ceiling composite elements (1), solve simoultaneously the roof and the flat concrete soffit that is covered by thermal insulation (6). On the upper steel part of the roof construction secondary beams (7) are applied to carry the roof cover (8). The building interior is finished, contains the flat soffit ceiling (1.1) with invisible roof construction whereby the heating volume is reduced and the thermo-isolated, naturally ventilated loft is formed through which instalations (12) can be quided. In one embodiment the entire building can be constructed before the ground plate (9) which is then poured in closed space. The assembling single footing elements enable to construct in winter season too. Economic buildings are constructed quick and easy by small number of large, finished elements that cover large area portion at once.

Description

THE FLAT-SOFFIT LARGE-SPAN INDUSTRIAL BUILDING SYSTEM

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to the large-span, industrial building system of composite elements. According to the IPC Classification field of the invention is described by chapters E 04 B 1/00 and E 04 B 2/00. TECHNICAL PROBLEM

The present building system relates to composite elements and to the constructing method for building finished large-span industrial buildings. The invention concerns several partial technical problems or improvements of their known solutions that are parts of its general task to be economical, of a high final quality, quick and easy to construct. Technical problems solved by present inovation are:

In most industrial buildings, exist an useless empty space in roof construction, between sloped roof-planes, that is unnecessary heated spending thereby the energy. The roof construction placed high above the floor is visible and exposed to dust and other dirt, difficult to clean and maintain and therefore unsuitable for many kinds of fine industries, big shops and similar places where a flat, clean ceiling is preferable.

Plurality of installations are usually guided visibly through the interior of the building interfering and disturbing the processes or internal traffic. Industrial buildings constructions often comprise too many assembling parts, mostly of elements that are intended to perform one single purpose only, such as beams for bearing, panels close the interior space and likely.

Presence of insufficiently thermally insulated elements or considerable thermal bridges along their interconnection lines. Connections of elements are visible and are exposed to be damaged during transport or assembly so they often need to be repaired after being placed at the final position.

Special bracing and stiffening elements with no other use are applied. Elements are rarely connected to more global bearing-stiffening parts.

The construction process, in particular foundation works, are too dependable on weather and low temperatures.

Constructing comprise several dangerous works that must be carried out on the roof during its assembly and covering.

Steel parts of roof constructions are often insufficiently fire-protected. BACKGROUND ART

All these problems have previously been solved in various ways whether as solutions of some particular element or as parts of construction, par example as; roof construction, foundation construction, panel construction and likely. Since the present building system comprises several solutions, they will be compared to the background art separately, by parts.

The most common usual flat-soffit ceiling solution for large-span buildings deals with covering the bottom of the construction by metal, plastic, wood or gypsum thin plates that are often fixed to the special sub-construction. Such a solutions require great deal of additional work on the height after the roof is already being assembled. Plenty of different ceiling constructions with the flat soffit have been solved by different kinds of panels but these solutions are mostly suitable for small-spans only.

Many flat-ceiling-like large-span constructions are solved as transversal roof girders with from below visible parts, as par example the US patent 005491946A that applies the large decking panel as a roof for long-span buildings but gives no real flat soffit because of the presence of web members.

The International Publication Number WO 00/53859 concerns with method and arrangement for assembling long-span roofs by means of at least two steel trusses, comprising a roof material and can include flat soffit construction in addition. The EP0039382 relates to a steel construction undercovered roof-ceiling element. These elements may be too complicated to connect because they comprise a plurality of upper and lower girders, which are to be attached, elements are not suitable for transport and handling because of their soft-profiled sheet lower cover and finally the soffit is not flat but profiled whereby the thin lower cower does makes no suffitient fire protection for the roof construction above.

Wall-panel constructions are solved as bearing or just as self-bearing elements comprise thermal insulation outside or between two concrete thin-walls whereby usually more care has been taken to carry out a strong interconnection between two concrete thin-walls with the insulation between, then of the continuity of the ther o insulation along connecting lines. Many of such solutions are applycable for low buildings only. The connections of adjacent wall-panels are solved in many ways, often by introducing some complicated steel parts whereby considerable thermal bridges appear because the goal was to achieve a mechanically strong connection. There is a plurality of such publications so it has no sense to mention them here.

The solution given by present invention is essentially based on a good fixed-end connection of bearing wall-panels to the columns so that connection is taken as a criterion to be compared to other solutions. The US5887404 forms the reinforced concrete column inside of one of two adjacent panels along their connecting line so the panel ends form the vertical channel into which the armature skeleton is positioned and the column is poured. The solution is practical to be carried out but unpractical when the height of the building is large whereby may be difficult to position the long armature skeleton to a narrow long hole as well as to control the overlap of the skeleton with anchors placed on the bottom of the hole. That solution is also unsuitable because the column cross-section dimensions, that there contain deep cover, may grow too large as the height grows up. The FR2541341 solves connection of two horizontal wall-panels inside two-part column with overlaped loops whereby the horizontal panels are lained on the column foundations, similar as the present invention does whereby the idea of this solution is to form the space into which concrete can be poured. This solution takes no care of the thermal insulation of the column pouring the formed concrete channel by concrete so the final column becomes pure concrete one. The solution comprises only one pannel and gives no solution to place more panels one above another, the panel bears no any load from other constructions and no solution is given to fix the panel on height that is not lained to the foundation.

The US5216860 solves the connection of two wall-panels by two part steel sheet profiles that are tightened by the bolt to form the connecting channel into which the concrete is poured whereby the strong connection is obtained but the thermo insulation is not considered at all. The steel parts inside of the connecting channel provide the strong connection but are too complicated.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the new system for constructing large-span buildings with flat soffit whereby the building is assembled of a small number of multipurpose, composite elements solving the task to construct quick and easy rationall and quality buildings. The invention thereby concerns single elements and the way to construct the final building uniting thereby several partial solutions that concern elements themselves, parts of global construction and the entire building. The present building system is based on the conception to construct the building by small number of large, prefabricated, composite, multifunctional elements that are completely finished. The multi-functionality of elements thereby means that one element simultaneously solves more problems. For instance, one bearing element can be at the same time used to bear the load as a beam, to close the inside space of the building, to be a bracing element , to be temporarily used during assembly for any additional purpose and so on. The present building system is the solution of final building and not only solution of its construction.

The advantages of the present building system considering the final quality of the building are: An aesthetic flat-soffit ceiling across the large-span without the visible roof construction that use to be exposed to dust and other dirt that is usually difficult to clean and maintain. The useless empty space between sloping roof surfaces is closed so the heated volume of building interior is reduced that saves heating energy. The shallow loft space is formed with the thermal insulation simply placed at the upper surface of the ceiling plates that is naturally ventilated. The loft space enables all sorts of installations to be guided so they do not interfere the building interior and are suitable to maintain and repair. The concrete ceiling plate formed of thin concrete plates ensures sufficient fire-resistance to the upper bearing steel beam. The wall-panels contain oversized depth of thermal insulation that improves quality of the building ( the reason for using deep thermo insulation will be explained latter). All interconnecting lines between wall-panels are hidden aestheticly. Vertical roof-water drainage is conducted through columns and is invisible from outside.

The present constructing system is economic due to its conception based on quick constructing by completely finished large, thin-walled elements, with low material spend and forced multifunctionality of elements such as: The single large roof element solves the roof and the finished ceiling simultaneously. Long horizontal, load-bearing upper wall-panels along the longitudinal direction of the building bear the roof elements closing the same time the building interior as the finished fasade whereby being attached to other elements they stiffen and stabilize the global construction horizontally having the same time incorporated glazing frames and bearing the same time horizontal drainage gutters. The tall lower wall-panels along the longitudinal direction of the building close the interior of the building as the final fasade walls and need no foundations because they are fixed-end connected to columns whereby attached to other elements they connect foundations to ground plate stabilizing and stiffening the construction and contain incorporated glazing frames. The column single-foundations are prefabricated assembling elements that comprise footings, ready to be placed to the prepared ground base even under low temperature conditions and to be connected to columns by a dry connection whereby the concrete gound plate crete plate as well as majority of ground works and site-concreting can be carried out latter in closed space , when the building construction is assembled. In both, transversal and longitudinal, directions of the building large span of assembling elements are applied. From static wievpoint, all assembling parts of the construction are used to stabilize the construction on the final building or in partial building stages. The large vertical moment of inertia of wall-panels is used for vertical bearing roof-floor construction.The longitudinal bearing wall-panels elements, through their fixed-end connections to columns, form two longitudinally continuous stiffening frames, capable to ensure the stability of the construction in longitudinal direction. Upper bearing wall-panels are laterally very slender and their horizontal stability in transversal direction is ensured by connecting them to the rigid ceiling plate formed of interconnected roof- ceiling plates that is horizontally stiff and transmit horizontal seismic forces directly to the columns and does not bend wall-panels on which are lained. The tall lower wall-panels over the span of two adjacent columns are connected to columns and to the concrete ground plate being in that way stabilised against buckling themselves whereby all together connected to single foundations resist their movement due to seismic activities. The stiff roof-ceiling construction is used during assembly as a flat platform to perform several works that must be carried out on the roof reducing many dangerous activities.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

In the following, the invention will be described with reference to the attached drawings in which Fig. 1 is a general view of an arrangement of the invention

Fig. 2 is a view of a prefabricated roof-ceiling element

Fig. 3 is ilustration of the connecting and leveling deflections of plates of roof-ceiling elements

Fig. 4 is a detailed view of the final connection of prefabricated roof-ceiling element plates

Fig. 5 is a view of the upper bearing wall-panel Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the upper bearing wall-panel

Fig. 7 is a view of the lower bearing wall-panel

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the bearing wall-panel

Fig. 9 is a view of the capillary cutter

Fig. 10 is a side view of the steel column before being inbuilt Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the column before being inbuilt taken substantially on line a-a

Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the column before being inbuilt taken substantially on line b- b

Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the column after being inbuilt taken substantially on line a-a Fig. 14 is a view to the inserted part of the column

Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the upper wall-panel to roof-ceiling element connection

Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the prefabricated single column footing element

Fig. 17 is a ground view of the prefabricated single column footing element

Fig. 18 is a transversal cross-sectional view of the double building Fig. 19 is a a detailed cross-sectional view of the connection of the roof-ceiling construction to the girder of the internal longitudinal frame of the double building DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERED EMBODIMENT Fig.1 is the view of the simplest arrangement of the building construction.

The long-span roof and the finished flat ceiling are solved simultaneously by doubly prestressed, composite roof-ceiling construction with flat soffit (1), according to earlier invention disclosed in HR-P20000906A. These elements, shown in (Fig.2), are applied over 12 to 30 m span. The truss-like construction comprises a distinctly wide, thin concrete ceiling plate (1.1) with incorporated upper steel beam (1.2.) both connected by vertical elements (1.3.).The soffit plates (1.1) are supplied with connections (1.4) as shown according to Fig.4 that are used to equalize different deflections of adjacent concrete soffit-plates and to interconnect them to a stiff plane. At quarter length of the supporting line of the plate details (1.5) are incorporated to fix soffit plates (1.1) to upper wall-panel elements (2). On upper steel beams (1.2) over smal continuous spans of 2 to 2.4 m, steel or wooden secondary beams (7) are used to bear the roof- cover plates (8). Over the upper surface of the soffit-plates plane (1.1) the thermo insulation (6) of a necessary depth is placed. The shallow loft space (11) between the roof cover (8) and plate upper surface enables invisible guiding of installations and pipes (12) and is ventilated naturally through plurality of small openings (10) positioned near connecting lines of adjacent upper wall- panels (2) to columns (4). Additional ventilating openings can be positioned at gables or near to the top of the roof. The concrete ceiling-surface formed of interconnected concrete soffit-plates (1.1) with thermal insulation (6) on its upper surface serve as a good fire-protection of the upper part of the roof steel construction and is used to work on it safely during works on roof. So formed horizontally rigid ceiling plane become unique, horizontally rigid and capable to transmit horizontal seismic forces directly to the columns (4) without bending extremely laterally weak, longitudinal upper bearing wall-panel elements (2). The unique rigid ceiling plane is conected along the length of upper wall-panels (2) that support roof-ceiling constructions (1) whereby the ceiling plane prevents them against lateral bending. Longitudinal upper wall-panel elements (2) are used over the large span of 10-12 m to support a plurality of roof-ceiling construction elements (1) leaned to longitudinal line supports (2.5) as shown on cross-section at (Fig.15). The large vertical moment of inertia of wall-panels (2) is used to bear the roof elements (1). The wall-panels (2) contain an oversized depth of thermal insulation (2.2) between two thin walls (2.1) connected each to other by stiff welded mesh anchors (2.3) through thermal insulation. Such a wide insulation is used to increase the lateral stiffness of the long wall-panel by increasing the distance between both its walls, what is especially important for maneuvers during assembly and transport. All upper wall panels (2) at their tops bear horizontal drainage gutters. The lower wall-panels (3) are finalized facade elements used over the large longitudinal spans to close the interior of the building being inserted into two-part steel columns (4) and single foundations (5) they interconnect the adjacent foundations instead of often used foundation girders so that the foundation below them is not needed. The lower wall-panels (3) connect adjacent single foundations (5), being connected all along, by lateral anchors (3.6), to the massive ground concrete plate (9) preventing in that way their movement due to seismic forces, whereby the ground concrete plate (9) restricts their lateral bending. Both upper and lower wall-panels, (2) and (3), comprise narrow longitudinal channels (2.6) and (3.5) that form final steel frames used for glaze.The two-part columns (4) are formed of two steel U - shaped profiles (4.1) in-between of which upper (2) and lower wall-panels (3) are inserted. Upper and lower load bearing wall-panels (2) and (3) are interconnected inside of two column halves space by a rigid connection being the same time connected to column (4). From static point of view elements (2), (3) and (4) connected together form the longitudinally continuous frames with very stiff girders. Two-part steel columns (4) after being attached to elements (2), (3) and injected by concrete become extremely strong composite columns as shown in (Fig 13.). Both column halves (4.1) were before assembly filled with thermo insulation foam (4.4) and supplied with vertical drainage pipes (4.5) for draining the roof water. From both, outer and inner side, columns hide vertical interconnecting lines of bearing wall-panels (2) and (3) so after assembly they don't need to be repaired even if their edges were damaged. The thermo insulation (4.4) inside of columns, as shown on Fig.13 has the continuity of insulations (2.3) and (3.2) incorporated in wall-panels (2) and (3), along their vertical connecting lines whereby the vertical draining pipes (4.5) are insulated too.A building foundation is formed by pre-fabricated, completely finished composite two-way single column footings (5), which comprise foots (5.1), foundation column by which the foundation is related to the ground level and steel-concrete sockets (5.2) for column (4) attachment.The column footings (5.1) are finally prefabricated assembling element so it can be positioned into prepared ground even at low temperatures when ordinary poured concrete is not in use.

In following, each of assembling elements, their use and connections will be described separately by order. assembling element 1. the double prestressed flat-soffit composite roof-ceiling construction shown by Fig.2. assigned on all pictures by (1), in accordance to earlier invention disclosed in HR-P20000906A is not a matter of the present claims as a construction but as an integral part of the building construction system. The connecting-leveling detail (1.4) shown at Fig.4 is an important part, essential for forming the final construction of the present constructing system and a subject to claim. The roof-ceiling construction comprises the 2.25 to 2.40 m wide and 4 to 6 cm deep concrete ceiling plate (1.1).The upper steel beam 1.2. made of thin-walled tube profile is connected to concrete ceiling plate (1.1) by vertical elements (1.3). The soffit concrete plate (1.1) is prestressed by centric adhesive method to reduce cracks in its concrete and the upper steel beam (1.2) is prestressed by the steel wedge driven between its separated parts in the middle of the span to control deflections of the construction. The connecting-leveling detail (1.4) of plates (1.1) shown at Fig.3 and Fig.4 is an essentially important part for use the roof- ceiling construction (1) to form the present constructing system. Several connecting details (1.4) shown at Fig.3. and Fig.4. are used to equalize different vertical deflections of adjacent soffit plates (1.1) and to interconnect plates so they form a horizontally stiff plane. The connecting detail (1.4) is shown at Fig.4. Adjacent soffit-plates (1.1) having along their common connecting line incorporated L-shaped steel profiles (1.5) of the required length Ls that are to be welded after positioning and leveling. The two short anchored bolts (1.7) with nuts at their ends are used temporarily to level adjacent edges of two plates pooling them towards each-other and after are cut off. Connecting details are positioned at span-quarters. Fig.3. illustrates the leveling of plates (1.1). By means of the simple device (14) adjacent concrete plates (1.1) are forced into the common vertical deflected position. On incorporated steel rods (1.7) through holes upper (14.1) and lower (14.2) rigid steel plates a positioned with the hydraulic jack (14.3) in between whereby by pushing steel plates away from each-other the adjacent sofit plates (1.1) are driven to the common vertical position and finally welded by weld (1.6). Fig.4. is the cross-section of such a welded detail. The weld (1.6) is subjected to shear stresses due to intention of forced plates to return into previous, free position-before equalizing their deflections to the common one. These shear stresses are of a small amount because of significant slenderness of the soffit plate and small differences in adjacent plate deflections, which are leveled mainly because of aesthetics reasons. The connecting welds (1.6) of the required length remain unloaded in their longitudinal direction in absence of seismic activities but when subjected to the seismic activity they are activated resisting the horizontal shear forces between adjacent plates (1.1). The connecting welds (1.6) restrict independed free movements of each plate (1.1), so they work together as a horizontally rigid plate that can not bend upper wall-panels (2) lateraly in direction in which they are signifficantly slender and weak and by which they are supported. The horizontal seismic force is in that manner from so formed rigid plate transmited directly to columns. At width-quarters along the supporting line steel details (1.8) are incorporated into soffit plates (1.1 ) for connecting to wall-panels (2). assembling element 2. the upper wall-panel

Shown at Fig.5, the long horizontal bearing upper wall-panel element, assigned on all pictures by (2), comprises two 5-6 cm thin reinforced concrete (2.1) walls with incorporated in concrete oxide-paint .durable on atmosphere. The thin walls (2.1) can be also be finished by mould surface as a texture. Both thin walls (2.1) are reinforced by welded meshes. Between walls (2.1) the thermo insulation (2.2) of an oversized, 14 to 16 cm, depth is positioned with the purpose not only to improve the panel insulation but also to increase the lateral stiffness of the wall-panel by increasing the distance between both walls. Thin walls (2.1) are connected each to other by stiff welded mesh anchors (2.3) through thermo insulation that is important to equalize their common share of vertical load bearing. The outer thin wall is higher than the internal one forming the vertical overhang (2.4) and serves as a mask to close the loft space bearing the horizontal drainage simultaneously as shown on Fig.15. Along the entire length of the wall-panel (2) at the upper part, the line-support for ceiling plates (1.1) of roof-ceiling constructions is formed by a steel profile (2.5), anchored to both thin walls, (2.1) on which the plates are lained whereby the eccentricity of the reactive forces to wall-panels (2) along the line support is controled and it allows distributing vertical forces equal to both thin walls (2.1). At points where the soffit-plates (1.1) are connected short pieces of L-shaped profiles (2.8) are anchored to both thin walls (2.1) with the welded bolt (2.9) towards the support, on the vertical overhang (2.4) as shown on Fig.15. The connection is performed with another piece of L-shaped profile (2.10) that comprises a hole throuhg which is positioned on bollt (2.9) and fixed by the nut (2.11) on one side, whereby the other side is welded to small steel sheet (2.9) anchored to soffit plate (1.1). Upper wall-panels are supplied along their down sides with U-shaped channel (2.6) the final glazing details that are used to glaze without the need for a separate window frame. U-shaped channel (2.6) is deep enough to enable glazing and prevent glaze crashing due to upper wall- panel deflection. Ends of upper wall-panels (2) are supplied by steel anchor-loops (2.7) used to be anchored in steel columns (4). The anchor-loops (2.7) are made of strong steel bars, placed deep inside reinforced concrete thin walls (2.1) so that they ensure the continuity of the reinforcement in upper zone of the adjacent wall-panels (2) and form rigid longitudinal continuous deep beams over several columns. When connected together with columns (4) by the strong line connection, deep wall-panels (2) and (3) form continuous frames along the structure which in static calculations can be treated as "fixed end connections" because the bending moments at ends of distinctly deep wall-panels are inside of connection cross-section resolved to a couple of small forces at large distance. assembling element 3. the lower wall-panel

Shown at Fig.7, assigned on all pictures by (3). Comprise two 5-6 cm reinforced concrete (3.1) thin walls with mixed in concrete oxide-paint, durable on atmosphere. Both thin walls (3.1) are reinforced by welded meshes. Between walls (3.2) the thermo insulation (3.2) of an oversized, 14 to 16 cm, depth is positioned with the purpose not only to improve the panel insulation but also to increase the lateral stiffness of the wall-panel by increasing the distance between both walls. Thin walls (3.1) are connected each to other by stiff welded mesh anchors (3.3) through thermo insulation. The lower part of the element, signed by (d), after assembling is positioned under the ground and is exposed to moisture is made without thermo insulation as a solid part with some additives that prevent capillarity. Between the lower part (d) of the wall-panel that is separated from upper part (g), which remains over the ground level the horizontal barrier (3.4) is incorporated used to hinder transition of water to upper part (g). The horizontal capillarity barrier (3.4) shown at Fig.9 comprise thin metal band (3.4.1) across all the width of the wall-panel with two sided passing-through anchors (3.4.2) used to connect concrete of upper and lower part of the element through the barrier (3.4). On the outer side of the lower wall-panel, the horizontal barrier tape (3.4.1), across the element width ends with longitudinal steel profile (3.4.3) that separates upper and lower part of the element forming visibly the socle on the outer side. Along its top side, the lower wall-panel (3) is formed as the window bottom with incorporated metal channel (3.5) for glaze. Lateral inner side of the wall-panels (3) comprise bar anchors (3.7) for connecting to the concrete ground plate (9). Ends of wall-panels are supplied by steel loops (3.6) used to be anchored in steel columns (4). Loops (3.6) are made of strong steel bars, placed deep inside columns so that they ensure the continuity of the reinforcement in upper zone of the adjacent wall-panels, which form rigid longitudinal continuous deep beams over several columns spans. assembling element 4. the two-part steel-concrete composite columns

The steel columns shown on Fig.10,11 ,12, 13 and 14, assigned on all pictures by (4), consist of two U-shaped separated steel channel profiles (4.1) which both comprise stiff steel loops (4.2) welded at the inside of channels. Rigid loops overlap each-other inside the separated channels as shown at Fig.10, 11 and 14 whereby both halves of the column (4.1) are temporarily connected by bolts (4.3) with nuts at several points along the columns height as shown at Fig.10, 12, and 14. Bolts (4.3) and profiles (4.6) are used in the assembling stage to fix the distance between both column halves (4.1) whereby the distance is slightly increased before connecting wall-panels (2) and (3) to lighten inserting of panels into column distance (4). After wall-panels (2) and (3) have been inserted to the column, both halves of the column are tightened by bolts (4.3) to tighten ends of wall-panels (2) and (3). The tightened column halves now overlap and hide the concrete connection-line of adjacent wall-panels (2) and (3) so their edges need not necessary to be undamaged and the thermo insulation through the column is not broken. The vertical arrangement of loops (3.6) on wall-panel ends and the arrangement of stiff loops (4.2) inside of column (4) are compatible and introducing of vertical reinforcing bars (4.9) through all the loops along the height of the column is enabled. Being injected with concrete (4.10) inside the column halves that are fitted around the connection the column becomes strong, of a composite cross-section with greatly improved moment of inertia as shown on Fig.13. Both steel halves of the column (4.1) comprise the rigid thermo insulation (4.4) and vertical drainage pipes (4.5) built-in before assembling. The columns (4) are, before assembly, connected by short L-shaped profiles (4.6) connected to both column halves (4.1) by bolts with nuts, through holes as shown at Fig.12 and Fig 14. The distance between column halves can be changed by means of oval holes (4.11) on one of two halves. The L-shaped profiles (4.6) are used as a temporarily support of the upper wall-panels (2) during the assembly and to fix the column halves distance. After wall-panels are tighten and concrete being harden , L-shaped profiles (4.6) and the bolts (4.3) are removed. The column bottom (4.7) is supplied by two short stiff sticks (4.8) on which the column is leaned during assembly in small steel sockets (5.4) of the foundation connecting detail. The stiff sticks (4.8) are used to center the column and easier guiding to the vertical position. assembling element 5. the pre-fabricated single column foundation Shown at Fig.16 and Fig.17, assigned on all pictures by (5). The pre-fabricated single column foundation is completely finished that comprise prefabricated, reinforced or prestressed concrete footing (5.1) , the concrete base column by which the column base is adapted to ground level (5.2) and the steel socket (5.3). The steel socket (5.3) comprises two steel U- shaped profiles covered with concrete that are of slightly larger size than those of the column (4). The socket (5.3) is adapted to positioning the columns (4) into the socket. The concrete bottom of the socket is supplied with two small steel sockets (5.4) into which the column (4) lays with its short sticks (4.8). The column is guided to a final vertical position and leveled by means of wooden wedges (5.5) driven between steel socket side (5.3) and column halve-profile (4.1) whereby the column (4) itself being supported on short stick (4.8) undergo rotation. After the column is positioned to its final position the inside space of the socket is poured with concrete The column-to-base connection can be carried-out as dry, using steel wedges (5.5) welded to socket (5.3) and column profiles (4.1), instead of wooden ones that is suitable for winter conditions when concrete is out of use. The pre-fabricated single column foundation is positioned into prepared diches on gravel or poor concrete leveled bottom. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT constructing the single building

The first step is to excavate and dig the trenches for column bases. Base material is used such as gravel or sand and all the bottoms are leveled to the same level. The simple leveling instruments can be used. The final cover is than made of poor concrete mix of 10 cm depth whereby all the bases of all single footings are definitely fine leveled to the same height. The pre-cast foundation elements (5) are laid on leveled bottoms with a crane and arranged to complete the column foundation whereby the imperfections that can occur are tolerated within 2 cm that can be compensated during assembling by horizontal movements of columns inside the sockets (5.3). The ground concrete plate level is placed over the ground level adapting the height by changing the height of the footing column (5.2). After single column footings (5) were placed, connected steel two-part columns are inserted in sockets (5.3) whereby columns (4) are temporarily fixed against overturning by wedges (5.5) driven between the socket perimeter (5.3) and column, as shown at Fig.17. The distance between column steel halves is set by means of the profiles (4.6) to be 10 cm larger than the width of lower wall panels (3) before they are inserted into columns. Lower wall-panels (3) are inserted between separated halves of columns (4) and leaned to the footing columns (5.2) whereby the loops wall-panel became overlapped with loops (4.2) of the column and with loops of the adjacent lower wall-panel as shown on Fig.13. Columns (4) are then definitely tightened by bolts (4.3) to the wall-panels (3). Columns are now guided to the final vertical position by driving wedges (5.5) in steel sockets and with geodetic instruments finaly leveled in two perpendicular vertical planes whereby the large- weight wall-panels (3) supported on foundations do not disturb column rotation or its fine translations within the socket place. The columns, being conducted to the fine vertical position itself, bring to the vertical position lower wall-panels too. The connection shown at Fig.13 is then injected by fast-hardened concrete-sand mix. After all lower wall-panels (3) being assembled, the upper wall-panels (2) are inserted between separated halves of columns (4) that are temporarily leaned at profiles (4.6) and are definitely connected as shown on Fig.13. Along the top sides of upper wall-panel (2), the roof-ceiling elements (1) are positioned leaned by full widths of their soffit-plate (1.1) ends on longitudinal support line-detail (2.5) and connected connected, as shown at Fig.15. The adjacent roof-ceiling plates are positioned at the each to other edge distance of 0.5 cm that is later closed with elastic sealant. Assembled long-span prestressed plates (1.1) do not have the same deflections whereby the difference of the amount of adjacent plates does not exceed 1 cm.The adjacent roof-ceiling plates (1.1) are by connecting-leveling details (1.4) incorporated at span-quarters and in middle-span of plates forced into a common vertical position by simple device and are connected by weld 1.6., as shown at Fig.3 and Fig.4. All further works and activities proceed on the safe wide horizontal surface formed of interconnected plates (1.1) elements. The thermo insulation (6) of required depth is placed on the upper surface of the soffit-plates plane simply by rolling bales. Along the top line (2.4) of upper wall-panels, the horizontal drainage gutters are placed and are connected to vertical drainage pipes (4.5) placed inside of the columns. Over the upper beams (1.2) spans of the roof-ceiling elements(1), the thin-walled secondary steel profiles (7) are used to carry the roof-cover (8). The faςade glazing is done by simple introducing the glaze material (13) into the frame formed of channels (2.6) and (3.5) incorporated in elements (2) and (3). Thus, not only the construction but almost the final building is constructed. Installations that are leaded through the loft space can be vertically descended at any place through the hole in soffit plate. constructing the several part building:

By the present building system with flat soffit, several-part buildings can be constructed over two or more transversal spans as shown at Fig.18. Columns (16) at middle row that are not necessarily positioned in same longitudinal order as columns (4) of the in outer rows, together with strong l-shaped steel beams (15) form the middle longitudinal frame on which roof-ceiling plates over two spaans are lained. At the cross-section at Fig.19 the connection of roof-ceiling plates (1) to steel longitudinal beam (15) at middle longitudinal frame is presented. Roof-ceiling elements (1) are leaned to the beams (15) lower flange and are connected by transversal steel webs (17) welded to inbuilt details (1.5) and to the web and the upper flange of thelongitudinal beam (15). The torsionally weak beam (15) is in that way connected to plates (1.1) and stabilized. Thus, the stiff horizontal plane formed of elements (1) by connections (1.4) when subjected to horizontal force does not laterally bend the beam (15) but stabilize it transmitting the forces directly to columns.

Generally, the quality control of construction components is performed according to standards that concern steel, concrete or composite constructions whereby the quality of the finished prefabricated element proceeds by macroscopic overview or by measurments also according to the proper standards. The quality characteristics that are to be controlled are; quality of materials and welds, permissible geometric tolerances, deflections of steel-part construction due to welding process, position of the steel construction parts incorporated to concrete, the compressive strength of concrete, workability and other qualities of concrete, quality of reinforcement and its arrangement in the form and control of introduced prestressing force. Before concreting, the arrangement of all constitutive parts is to be overviewed, specially the correct positions of connection details. After concreting it is necessary to check the quality of surface finish, quality of color, damaged edges, presence of cracks and likely. Pre-fabrication by use of massive and stable forms with proper devices the possibility of human error is minimized. Elements of the construction must be properly stored, handled and transported by proper devices, cranes and vehicles to avoid all kinds of damages, looses of quality and bearing capability of the element. The global construction and all its parts have to be well designed by principles of static and in accordance proper standards and codes. Elements must be designed to be capable to bear loads with proper safety to their collapse and to have proper serviceability characteristics according to adequate code provisions. For mass-producing purpose, elements must be tested.

The special advantage of the present constructing system is: The site preparation for assembling requires ground and concrete foundation works to be carried out that often depend of weather conditions. The present system allows to assembly the building after minimum of ground and concrete foundation works are carried out. The minimum of those works is to dig the foundation ditches around the perimeter of the building, to position the precasted single foundations and to assembly the building. The majority of ground and concrete works on ground plate (9) can be then done inside of the closed space of the building. This advantage is especially suitable in winter whereby assembling of the building is not dependable of completely finished ground and concrete works.

Claims

1. The building system of multi-functional elements for constructing large-span buildings with flat-soffit characterized in that is assembled of composite, roof-ceiling double prestressed flat- soffit constructions (1), upper wall-panels (2), lower wall-panels (3), two-part steel-concrete composite columns (4) and pre-fabricated single column foundations (5) whereby all listed elements form the compatible unit construction.

2. The building system for constructing large-span buildings, according to claim 1 , characterized in that the interconnected plates (1.1) of double prestressed roof-ceiling constructions (1), form flat concrete soffit that forms the loft space above (11) that is naturally ventilated through openings (10) at connecting lines of adjacent upper wall-panels (2) and columns (4).

3. The building system for constructing large-span buildings, according to claim 2, characterized in that the flat concrete soffit comprise above-placed thermo insulation (6) whereby both, flat concrete soffit and thermo insulation ensure the fire-resistance of upper roof- ceiling bearing construction, consisted of parts (1.2) , (1.3) and (7).

4. The building system for constructing large-span buildings, according to claim 1 , characterized in that through the loft space all sorts of installations (12) are enabled to be guided all across the upper surface of the assembled ceiling.

5. The building system for constructing large-span buildings, according to claim 1 , characterized in that the wide horizontal upper surface of the formed ceiling is used for roof works with improoved safety.

6. The building system for constructing large-span buildings, according to claim 1, characterized in that it enables to construct the building first whereby the majority of ground works and ground poured-concrete plate (9) can be done latter in closed space.

7. The building system for constructing large-span buildings, according to claim 1 , characterized in that assembled soffit-plates (1.1) of roof-ceiling constructions (1) being connected by leveling connectors (1.4) form the horizontally rigid plate capable to transmit seismic forces directly to columns without laterally bending upper wall-panels (2) and stabilizes them against sidesway.

8. The building system for constructing large-span buildings, according to claim 7, with connectors (1.4) characterized in that comprises L-shaped steel profiles (1.5) anchored at edges of each plate and two short anchored bolts (1.7) with nuts at their ends, through which , by means of the simple device (14), adjacent soffit plates (1.1) of elements (1) are forced to the position of their common vertical deflection, and are fixed by longitudinal weld (1.6) at L-profiles.

9. The upper wall-panel, according to the claim 1 , comprises thin reinforced concrete (2.1) walls with inbuilt thermal insulation (2.2) whereby both walls are interconnected each to other by welded mesh anchors (2.3) through the thermoinsulation, with higher outer wall overhang (2.4) and longitudinal supporting detail (2.5) for supporting roof-ceiling construction (1.1), with incorporated glazing channel (2.5) and loop-anchors (2.6) at ends for connecting, characterized in that is used as long deep-beam to bear large vertical roof load and to close the interior of the building, whereby after being connected to columns (4) and lower wall-panels (3) by rigid line connections form in static sence continuous frame that stabilize the global construction in its longitudinal direction.

10. The upper wall-panel, according to the claim 9, characterized in that between two thin reinforced concrete (2.1) interconnected each to other by welded mesh anchors (2.3) the thermoinsulation (2.2) of an oversized deep is is positioned with the purpose to improve the panel insulation and to increase the lateral stiffness of the wall-panel by increasing the distance between both walls (2.1).

11. The lower wall-panel, according to the claim 1 , comprises two thin reinforced concrete (3.1) walls connected each to other by welded mesh anchors (3.3) through deep thermo insulation (3.2), with incorporated glazing channel (3.5), and loop-anchors (3.6) at ends and lateral anchors (3.7), characterized in that content of the thermal insulation of an oversized depth (3.2), that improves the panel insulation and increases the distance between two walls (3.1) to increase the lateral stiffness of the elements.

12. The lower wall-panel, according to the claim 11, characterized in that is used as a deep beam that closes the building interior, connects the columns (4) and foundation elements (5) with massive ground-floor plate (9), to which is connected by lateral anchors (3.6) whereby prevents movement of single foundations due to seismic activities.

13. The lower wall-panel, according to the claim 11, characterized in that comprises the lower (d) part that comes under the ground and the upper part (g) that stay above the ground level and the horizontal barrier (3.4) that prevents capillarity moisture transit from the lower solid part (d) to the upper part (g).

14. The horizontal barrier, according to the claim 13, characterized in that comprises thin metal band (3.4.1) of the same width as the wall-panel itself with two sided passing-through anchors (3.4.2), used to connect concrete on both its sides, and with longitudilal profile (3.4.3) incorporated on the outer side of the panel (3) that forms visually the socle.

15. The two-part steel-concrete composite column, according to the claim 1, characterized in that before assembling consists of two separated halves of U-shaped steel channel profiles (4.1) which comprise stiff loops that overlap inside the column (4.2),with built-in rigid thermo insulation (4.4) and roof-water drainage plastic pipes (4.5),with separated column bottom (4.7) with two stiff sticks (4.8) on which the column is leaned during the assembly, whereby profiles (4.1) connected by L-shaped profiles (4.6) that support temporarily the upper wall-panels (2) tightened slightly by bolts (4.3) with nuts by means of which both halves (4.1), after being inserted between, wall-panels (2) and (3) are tightened to hide the connection whereby their loops (4.2) overlap the loops (2.6) and (3.6) of wall-panels (2) and (3) and longitudinal steel rods (4.9) are inserted through loops and the column is injected with concrete (4.10) so the column becomes a composite.

16. The two-part steel-concrete composite column, according to the claim 15 characterized in that in assembling stage by the temporarily wall-panel support (4.6) is used to fix their distance between column halves (4.1) and to increase the same distance to lichten inserting of panels (2) and (3) in between.

17. The two-part steel-concrete composite column, according to the claims 15 and 16, characterized in that comprise in both its halves (4.4) inbuilted, insulated vertical pipes (4.5) used to drain the roof water whereby pipes are connected to horizontal roof gutters.

18. The single column foundation, according to the claim 1 , rainforced concrete footing (5.1), the concrete base column (5.2) adaptable to surrounding ground level and the steel concrete- covered socket (5.3) that comprises two steel U-shaped profiles and the concrete bottom of the socket with two small sockets (5.4) characterized in that comprise prefabricated concrete footing (5.1) that is placed on prepared ground base.