EP0953731A1 - Steam introduction device in power plants - Google Patents

Steam introduction device in power plants Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0953731A1
EP0953731A1 EP98810384A EP98810384A EP0953731A1 EP 0953731 A1 EP0953731 A1 EP 0953731A1 EP 98810384 A EP98810384 A EP 98810384A EP 98810384 A EP98810384 A EP 98810384A EP 0953731 A1 EP0953731 A1 EP 0953731A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pinhole
introduction device
steam
steam introduction
openings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98810384A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rainer Schlageter
Vaclav Svoboda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom SA
Original Assignee
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Asea Brown Boveri AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Asea Brown Boveri AB filed Critical ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Priority to EP98810384A priority Critical patent/EP0953731A1/en
Priority to IDP990380D priority patent/ID22555A/en
Priority to US09/299,647 priority patent/US6189871B1/en
Priority to JP11118473A priority patent/JP2000054807A/en
Priority to AU25015/99A priority patent/AU743291B2/en
Publication of EP0953731A1 publication Critical patent/EP0953731A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B5/00—Condensers employing a combination of the methods covered by main groups F28B1/00 and F28B3/00; Other condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/002—Steam conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K9/00—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines
    • F01K9/04—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines with dump valves to by-pass stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
    • F28B9/02—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for feeding steam or vapour to condensers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/13—Desuperheaters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam power plant with a boiler, a steam turbine, a condenser and a bypass line that bypasses the steam turbine, by leading directly from the boiler to the condenser. It particularly affects one Steam introduction device between the bypass line and the condenser and the first of two vents in this one Steam introducer.
  • the steam from the Boiler When starting and stopping a steam power plant and when Steam turbine load shedding due to a shutdown of the plant, the steam from the Boiler not led to the steam turbine because it contains too much water and therefore the would damage the turbine blades. Instead, the steam from the Boiler directly through a bypass line and a steam introducer led the capacitor.
  • the steam introduction device is used for relaxation and desuperheating the steam before entering the condenser for condensation reached.
  • the steam flowing in via the bypass line has one high flow rate, on the other hand a temperature of up to 600 ° C.
  • the temperature in the condenser however, is around 40 ° C. It applies So the temperature of the steam as well as the speed can be greatly reduced. This also means that the components of the steam introduction device are one are exposed to large temperature gradients.
  • CH-T 080 273 of the Brown Boveri Companie is one Bypass control valve downstream of a two-stage steam introduction device, which is arranged in the capacitor.
  • the first stage of the steam introducer consists of a steam passage cover, a perforated cover in the shape of a Truncated cone, through which the hot steam stream is sprayed and fanned out. After the pinhole, it enters a relaxation or de-heating chamber.
  • a pinhole of the first stage of the steam introducer is off finished several flat components, namely a part for the jacket of the Truncated cone, a closing part for the tip of the cone and one Transition part for the connection to the end of the bypass line.
  • the openings the pinhole is drilled in the still flat part of the cone shell, the is then hot formed into a cone and welded together.
  • the Final part for the tip of the cone is then with the truncated cone and that The transition part is welded to the end of the bypass line.
  • the task is accomplished by a steam introduction device according to the preamble of the first claim solved, the pinhole from a single spherical Part exists.
  • the main advantage of a pinhole of this type is the increased mechanical Stability and thermal resilience of the pinhole and the achieved with it Operational safety of the steam introduction device. This is also the Operational reliability of the entire power plant increased because of a longer one Operating time of the device is guaranteed without repairs.
  • a spherical shape is mechanically more stable.
  • the selected form of the aperture thus grants one in comparison to the prior art increased mechanical stability.
  • the aperture according to the invention has a smaller wall thickness than the conical, the stability required for the panel is nevertheless guaranteed.
  • a Smaller wall thickness also has the advantage that the through the Thermal gradients caused by thermal stresses in the material are smaller are. As a result, the thermal load capacity is significantly increased and the Aperture susceptibility to breakage reduced.
  • the openings of the pinhole are such arranged so that each opening is equidistant from each nearest opening. This also results in a uniform material thickness and thermal Stability of the panel.
  • the one-piece, spherical diaphragm is produced by a pressing process. After After reaching the desired shape, the workpiece is annealed and checked cooled and relaxed. The end product points through this manufacturing method minimal material stresses, which increases the thermal resistance of the panel is favored in operation.
  • a second advantage is the cost reduction for the manufacture of the pinhole. This is done primarily by reducing the number of parts to a single part and the number of processing steps achieved. There is only one to manufacture the cover Pressing process is necessary, and welding processes are no longer required. It there is no separate production and assembly of a closing part, as is the case with cone-shaped pinhole was the case, and especially one Transition piece between the pinhole and the end of the bypass line.
  • the spherical pinhole has a straight rim, the diameter of which The diameter of the bypass line is adjusted.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a steam introduction device 1 in a Steam power plant.
  • a bypass line 2 leads from a not shown Boiler of the system for steam introduction device 1. This is with the Capacitor 9 connected, in the condenser neck 7 of the capacitor 9 protrudes.
  • hot steam is emitted from the boiler according to the direction of the arrow a temperature of over 500 ° C through the bypass line 2, whereupon it a first pinhole 3 of the steam introduction device hits.
  • the steam arrives through openings in the pinhole 3 and is thereby fanned out.
  • the Pinhole aims to expand the steam flow as much as possible so that it fills the subsequent desuperheating chamber 4 as far as possible.
  • the steam through Mixing with the water is heated.
  • the steam is in the chamber relaxed due to turbulence.
  • This second Pinhole 8 is semi-cylindrical in shape, with the cylinder in the plane of Drawing protrudes and protrudes from the plane of the drawing.
  • the Pinhole 8 causes a regular distribution of the cooled steam in one level in the condenser neck 7 above the tube bundles 10. This level becomes the steam is sucked into the condenser 9 and on the cooling pipes in the Tube bundles 10 condensed.
  • FIG. 2 shows the first pinhole 3 according to the invention in detail.
  • the pinhole 3 has the shape of a basket arch floor in this version. This form is for Example also known under the German industry standard number 28013. she is characterized in particular by the spherical central part, which creates the aperture has increased mechanical stability. It is therefore with thinner walls executed and still has the necessary stability.
  • the basket arch floor with the straight board is manufactured in a single pressing process.
  • the openings 12 are made after the pressing process by means of a programmable, on five axes working drilling machine (NC machine) drilled. With this way of working it is achieved that the axes of the openings 12 are each in the same center to cut. This orientation of the openings 12 makes it more uniform
  • NC machine five axes working drilling machine
  • the straight shaped board of the The arched floor is welded directly onto the end of the bypass line 2.
  • the arrangement of the drilling openings 12 of the perforated diaphragm 3 according to the invention is shown in FIG Figure 3 shown. It is characterized in that the distance between adjacent openings 12 is the same in each case. This will make the mechanical Stability favored over the entire area of the aperture.
  • the coordinates of the Openings are made according to the curvature of the basket arch floor and the required diameter of the openings calculated and directly the NC machine fed for manufacturing.
  • the pinhole protrudes less far into the Desuperheating chamber as a conical aperture. This has the advantage that Water droplets in the condensate line after switching off the condensate nozzles 6 located and fall into the desuperheating chamber, not on the hot pinhole reach. Such drops would otherwise cause local thermal shock and possibly cause a resulting erosion of the screen.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

The steam feed device (1) is inserted in a bypass line (2) between a boiler and a condenser (9), infront of the condenser neck (7), with a chamber (4) for reducing the temperature having an aperture plate (3) at its entry and a second aperture plate (8) at its exit, with jets (6) for injecting a cooling condensate into the temperature reduction chamber. The aperture plate at the entry of the temperature reduction chamber is provided by a single spherical component. An Independent claim for a manufacturing method for a steam feed device is also included.

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical field

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Dampfkraftwerk mit einem Kessel, einer Dampfturbine, einem Kondensator und einer Bypass-Leitung, welche die Dampfturbine umgeht, indem sie vom Kessel direkt zum Kondensator führt. Sie betrifft insbesondere eine Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung zwischen der Bypass-Leitung und dem Kondensator und die erste von zwei Dampfdurchtrittsblenden in dieser Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung.The invention relates to a steam power plant with a boiler, a steam turbine, a condenser and a bypass line that bypasses the steam turbine, by leading directly from the boiler to the condenser. It particularly affects one Steam introduction device between the bypass line and the condenser and the first of two vents in this one Steam introducer.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Beim Anfahren und Abfahren einer Dampfkraftwerksanlage sowie beim Dampfturbinenlastabwurf infolge eines Abschaltens der Anlage wird der Dampf vom Kessel nicht zur Dampfturbine geführt, da er zuviel Wasser enthält und dadurch die Beschaufelung der Turbine beschädigen würde. Stattdessen wird der Dampf vom Kessel durch eine Bypass-Leitung und eine Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung direkt in den Kondensator geführt. Die Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung dient der Entspannung und Enthitzung des Dampfes bevor er in den Kondensator zur Kondensation gelangt. Der über die Bypass-Leitung heranströmende Dampf besitzt zum einen eine hohe Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, zum anderen eine Temperatur von bis zu 600°C. Die im Kondensator herrschende Temperatur hingegen beträgt um die 40°C. Es gilt also die Temperatur des Dampfes sowie auch die Geschwindigkeit stark zu senken. Dies bedeutet auch, dass die Bauteile der Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung einem grossen Temperaturgradienten ausgesetzt sind.When starting and stopping a steam power plant and when Steam turbine load shedding due to a shutdown of the plant, the steam from the Boiler not led to the steam turbine because it contains too much water and therefore the Would damage the turbine blades. Instead, the steam from the Boiler directly through a bypass line and a steam introducer led the capacitor. The steam introduction device is used for relaxation and desuperheating the steam before entering the condenser for condensation reached. The steam flowing in via the bypass line has one high flow rate, on the other hand a temperature of up to 600 ° C. The temperature in the condenser, however, is around 40 ° C. It applies So the temperature of the steam as well as the speed can be greatly reduced. This also means that the components of the steam introduction device are one are exposed to large temperature gradients.

Gemäss der Druckschrift Nr. CH-T 080 273 der Brown Boveri Companie ist einem Bypass-Regelventil eine zwei-stufige Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung nachgeschaltet, die im Kondensator angeordnet ist. Die erste Stufe der Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung besteht aus einer Dampfdurchtrittsblende, einer Lochblende in der Form eines Kegelstumpfes, durch die der heisse Dampfstrom versprüht und aufgefächert wird. Nach der Lochblende gelangt er in eine Entspannungs- oder Enthitzungskammer.According to the publication no. CH-T 080 273 of the Brown Boveri Companie is one Bypass control valve downstream of a two-stage steam introduction device, which is arranged in the capacitor. The first stage of the steam introducer consists of a steam passage cover, a perforated cover in the shape of a Truncated cone, through which the hot steam stream is sprayed and fanned out. After the pinhole, it enters a relaxation or de-heating chamber.

Hier wird er durch kühles Kondensat enthitzt, das von mehreren Düsen in den aufgefächerten Dampfstrom versprüht wird. In der zweiten Stufe der Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung strömt der Dampf durch eine zweite Lochblende, durch die der Dampf im Kondensatorhals und über den Kühlrohren des Kondensators verteilt wird.Here it is heated by cool condensate that flows from several nozzles into the fanned steam flow is sprayed. In the second stage of the Steam introduction device, the steam flows through a second pinhole, through which the steam in the condenser neck and over the cooling tubes of the Capacitor is distributed.

Eine Lochblende der ersten Stufe der Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung ist aus mehreren ebenen Bauteilen fertiggestellt, nämlich einem Teil für den Mantel des Kegelstumpfes, einem Abschlussteil für die Spitze des Kegels und einem Übergangsteil für die Verbindung mit dem Ende der Bypass-Leitung. Die Öffnungen der Lochblende werden in das noch ebene Teil des Kegelmantels gebohrt, das danach in einen Kegel warmumformt und zusammengeschweisst wird. Das Abschlussteil für die Spitze des Kegels wird sodann mit dem Kegelstumpf und das Übergangsteil mit dem Ende der Bypass-Leitung verschweisst.A pinhole of the first stage of the steam introducer is off finished several flat components, namely a part for the jacket of the Truncated cone, a closing part for the tip of the cone and one Transition part for the connection to the end of the bypass line. The openings the pinhole is drilled in the still flat part of the cone shell, the is then hot formed into a cone and welded together. The Final part for the tip of the cone is then with the truncated cone and that The transition part is welded to the end of the bypass line.

Um eine genügende mechanische Stabilität des Kegels mit einer Vielzahl von Bohröffnungen zu erzielen, sind relativ grosse Wanddicken notwendig. Je grösser die Wanddicke, desto grösser auch die thermischen Spannungen. Wie erwähnt ist diese Lochblende einem sehr grossen Temperaturgradienten ausgesetzt. Im Einsatz führt also der erhebliche Temperaturgradient von einer zur anderen Seite der Lochblende bei grosse Wanddicken zu entsprechend grossen thermischen Spannungen, woraus sich Risse im Material bilden können. Auch beim Prozess der Warmumformung können sich bereits kleine Risse bilden, die sich später während des Betriebs vergrössern und schliesslich zu einem Materialbruch führen können. Durch eine solche Riss- oder Bruchanfälligkeit ist die Betriebssicherheit der Kraftwerksanlage beeinträchtigt, denn ein Schaden an der Lochblende kann nur durch eine Reparatur unter Abschalten der gesamten Anlage behoben werden. Weiter ist die kostenaufwendige Herstellung der Lochblende nachteilig. Einerseits erfordert die Fertigung der mehreren Einzelteile sowie die Schweissarbeit bei ihrem Zusammenbau einen grossen Fabrikations- und Kostenaufwand. Anderseits wird bei der Umformung in den Kegel die Geometrie der gebohrten Öffnungen verzerrt, sodass gegebenenfalls die Öffnungen nachbearbeitet werden müssen.To ensure sufficient mechanical stability of the cone with a variety of To achieve drilling openings, relatively large wall thicknesses are necessary. The bigger the wall thickness, the greater the thermal stresses. As mentioned this pinhole is exposed to a very large temperature gradient. In action the significant temperature gradient leads from one side to the other Pinhole with large wall thicknesses to correspondingly large thermal Tensions, from which cracks can form in the material. Even in the process of Small hot cracks can already form during later forming increase the size of the company and eventually lead to material breakage. Due to such a susceptibility to cracks or breakage, the operational safety is Power plant affected because damage to the pinhole can only be repaired by switching off the entire system. Furthermore, the costly manufacture of the pinhole is disadvantageous. On the one hand requires the production of several individual parts and the welding work on their Assembly a large manufacturing and cost. On the other hand, at the geometry of the drilled openings is distorted by the deformation into the cone, so that the openings may have to be reworked.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung eine Lochblende für eine Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung in der Bypass-Leitung einer Dampfkraftwerksanlage zu schaffen, die im Vergleich zum beschriebenen Stand der Technik durch eine verbesserte thermische Standfestigkeit eine erhöhte Betriebssicherheit besitzt und einen geringeren Fabrikations- und Kostenaufwand erfordert.It is the object of the invention a pinhole for a Steam introduction device in the bypass line of a steam power plant to create the compared to the described prior art by a improved thermal stability has increased operational reliability and requires less manufacturing and cost.

Die Aufgabe wird durch eine Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung gemäss dem Oberbegriff des ersten Anspruchs gelöst, deren Lochblende aus einem einzigen kugelförmigen Teil besteht.The task is accomplished by a steam introduction device according to the preamble of the first claim solved, the pinhole from a single spherical Part exists.

Der Hauptvorteil einer Lochblende dieser Art liegt in der erhöhten mechanischen Stabilität und thermischen Belastbarkeit der Lochblende und der damit erreichten Betriebssicherheit der Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung. Dadurch ist auch die Betriebssicherheit der gesamten Kraftwerksanlage erhöht, da eine längere Betriebszeit der Vorrichtung ohne Reparaturen gewährleistet ist.The main advantage of a pinhole of this type is the increased mechanical Stability and thermal resilience of the pinhole and the achieved with it Operational safety of the steam introduction device. This is also the Operational reliability of the entire power plant increased because of a longer one Operating time of the device is guaranteed without repairs.

Im Vergleich zu einer Kegelform ist eine Kugelform an sich mechanisch stabiler. Die gewählte Form der Blende gewährt also im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik eine erhöhte mechanische Stabilität. Aufgrund dieser erhöhten formbedingten Stabilität besitzt die erfindungsgemässe Blende eine kleinere Wanddicke als die kegelförmige, wobei die für die Blende erforderliche Stabilität dennoch gewährleistet ist. Eine kleinere Wanddicke erbringt weiter den Vorteil, dass die durch den Temperaturgradienten hervorgerufenen thermischen Spannungen im Material kleiner sind. Dadurch ist die thermische Belastbarkeit wesentlich erhöht und die Bruchanfälligkeit der Blende verringert.Compared to a cone shape, a spherical shape is mechanically more stable. The selected form of the aperture thus grants one in comparison to the prior art increased mechanical stability. Because of this increased shape-related stability the aperture according to the invention has a smaller wall thickness than the conical, the stability required for the panel is nevertheless guaranteed. A Smaller wall thickness also has the advantage that the through the Thermal gradients caused by thermal stresses in the material are smaller are. As a result, the thermal load capacity is significantly increased and the Aperture susceptibility to breakage reduced.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführung sind die Öffnungen der Lochblende derart angeordnet, dass jede Öffnung zu jeder nächstliegenden Öffnung äquidistant ist. Dies bewirkt ebenfalls eine gleichmässige Materialstärke und thermische Standfestigkeit der Blende.In a preferred embodiment, the openings of the pinhole are such arranged so that each opening is equidistant from each nearest opening. This also results in a uniform material thickness and thermal Stability of the panel.

Die einteilige, kugelförmige Blende wird durch einen Pressvorgang hergestellt. Nach Erreichen der gewünschten Form wird das Werkstück nachgeglüht und kontrolliert abgekühlt und entspannt. Das Endprodukt weist durch diese Fertigungsmethode minimale Materialspannungen auf, wodurch die thermische Belastbarkeit der Blende im Betrieb begünstigt wird.The one-piece, spherical diaphragm is produced by a pressing process. After After reaching the desired shape, the workpiece is annealed and checked cooled and relaxed. The end product points through this manufacturing method minimal material stresses, which increases the thermal resistance of the panel is favored in operation.

Ein zweiter Vorteil liegt in der Kostenreduktion für die Fabrikation der Lochblende. Dies wird in erster Linie durch die Reduktion der Anzahl Teile auf ein einziges Teil und der Anzahl der Bearbeitungsschritte erzielt. Zur Fertigung der Blende ist nur ein Pressvorgang notwendig, und es sind keine Schweissvorgänge mehr erforderlich. Es entfällt die separate Fertigung und Montage eines Abschlussteils, wie es bei der kegelförmigen Lochblende der Fall war, und insbesondere auch eines Übergangsstücks zwischen der Lochblende und dem Ende der Bypass-Leitung. Die kugelförmige Lochblende weist einen geraden Bord auf, dessen Durchmesser dem Durchmesser der Bypass-Leitung angepasst ist. Bei der Montage wird die Lochblende ohne die Hilfe eines separat gefertigten Übergangsstückes direkt auf das Ende der Bypass-Leitung aufgeschweisst.A second advantage is the cost reduction for the manufacture of the pinhole. This is done primarily by reducing the number of parts to a single part and the number of processing steps achieved. There is only one to manufacture the cover Pressing process is necessary, and welding processes are no longer required. It there is no separate production and assembly of a closing part, as is the case with cone-shaped pinhole was the case, and especially one Transition piece between the pinhole and the end of the bypass line. The spherical pinhole has a straight rim, the diameter of which The diameter of the bypass line is adjusted. When assembling the Pinhole directly without the help of a separately manufactured transition piece the end of the bypass line is welded on.

Schliesslich wird das Bohren der Öffnungen in der Lochblende nach dem Pressvorgang der Blende mittels NC-Maschine vorgenommen. Eine Nachbearbeitung der Öffnungen wie im Stand der Technik ist nicht mehr erforderlich, wodurch weiterer Fabrikationsaufwand eingespart wird. Finally, drilling the openings in the pinhole after the Pressing the cover by means of an NC machine. A Post-processing of the openings as in the prior art is no longer necessary, which saves further manufacturing effort.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 ein Bypass-Leitung mit einer Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung und einem Kondensator verbunden,
  • Figur 2 die erfindungsgemässe Lochblende der Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung im Detail,
  • Figur 3 eine Vorderansicht der Lochgeometrie der erfindungsgemässen Lochblende.
    • Show it:
  • FIG. 1 shows a bypass line connected to a steam introduction device and a condenser,
  • FIG. 2 shows the pinhole of the steam introduction device according to the invention in detail,
  • Figure 3 is a front view of the hole geometry of the pinhole according to the invention.

    • Weg der Ausführung der ErfindungWay of carrying out the invention

    Figur 1 zeigt einen Querschnitt einer Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung 1 in einer Dampfkraftwerksanlage. Eine Bypass-Leitung 2 führt von einem nicht dargestellten Kessel der Anlage zur Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung 1. Diese ist mit dem Kondensator 9 verbunden, wobei sie in den Kondensatorhals 7 des Kondensators 9 hereinragt. Während des An- oder Abfahrens oder eines kurzfristigen Abschaltens der Kraftwerksanlage wird gemäss der Pfeilrichtung heisser Dampf vom Kessel mit einer Temperatur von über 500 °C durch die Bypass-Leitung 2 geleitet, worauf er auf eine erste Lochblende 3 der Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung trifft. Der Dampf gelangt durch Öffnungen in der Lochblende 3 und wird dadurch aufgefächert. Die Lochblende bezweckt, den Dampfstrom so stark wie möglich aufzuweiten, sodass er die nachfolgende Enthitzungskammer 4 möglichst ausfüllt. In der Enthitzungskammer 4 sind mehrere Düsen 6 angeordnet, die kühles Kondensat in Form von Wassertropfen in die Kammer einspritzen. Hier wird der Dampf durch Vermischung mit dem Wasser enthitzt. Zusätzlich zur Abkühlung wird der Dampf in der Kammer durch Verwirbelungen entspannt. Am Ende der Enthitzungskammer 4 gelangt der Dampf durch die Öffnungen 8' einer zweiten Lochblende 8. Diese zweite Lochblende 8 ist halbzylindrisch geformt, wobei der Zylinder in die Ebene der Zeichnung hereinragt sowie aus der Ebene der Zeichnung herausragt. Die Lochblende 8 bewirkt eine regelmässige Verteilung des abgekühlten Dampfes in einer Ebene im Kondensatorhals 7 über den Rohrbündeln 10. Aus dieser Ebene wird der Dampf in den Kondensator 9 hineingesaugt und an den Kühlrohren in den Rohrbündeln 10 kondensiert.Figure 1 shows a cross section of a steam introduction device 1 in a Steam power plant. A bypass line 2 leads from a not shown Boiler of the system for steam introduction device 1. This is with the Capacitor 9 connected, in the condenser neck 7 of the capacitor 9 protrudes. During start-up or shutdown or a brief shutdown In the power plant, hot steam is emitted from the boiler according to the direction of the arrow a temperature of over 500 ° C through the bypass line 2, whereupon it a first pinhole 3 of the steam introduction device hits. The steam arrives through openings in the pinhole 3 and is thereby fanned out. The Pinhole aims to expand the steam flow as much as possible so that it fills the subsequent desuperheating chamber 4 as far as possible. In the Desuperheating chamber 4, a plurality of nozzles 6 are arranged, the cool condensate in Inject the form of water drops into the chamber. Here is the steam through Mixing with the water is heated. In addition to cooling, the steam is in the chamber relaxed due to turbulence. At the end of the desuperheating chamber 4 the steam passes through the openings 8 'of a second perforated diaphragm 8. This second Pinhole 8 is semi-cylindrical in shape, with the cylinder in the plane of Drawing protrudes and protrudes from the plane of the drawing. The Pinhole 8 causes a regular distribution of the cooled steam in one level in the condenser neck 7 above the tube bundles 10. This level becomes the steam is sucked into the condenser 9 and on the cooling pipes in the Tube bundles 10 condensed.

    Figur 2 zeigt die erfindungsgemässe erste Lochblende 3 im Detail. Die Lochblende 3 hat in dieser Ausführung die Form eines Korbbogenbodens. Diese Form ist zum Beispiel auch unter der Deutschen Industrienormnummer 28013 bekannt. Sie zeichnet sich insbesondere durch den kugelförmigen Mittelteil, wodurch die Blende eine erhöhte mechanische Stabilität besitzt. Sie ist deshalb mit dünneren Wänden ausgeführt und besitzt dennoch die notwendige Stabilität. Der Korbbogenboden mit dem geraden Bord wird in einem einzigen Pressvorgang hergestellt. Die Öffnungen 12 werden nach dem Pressvorgang mittels einer programmierbaren, auf fünf Achsen arbeitenden Bohrmaschine (NC-Maschine) gebohrt. Mit dieser Bearbeitungsweise wird erreicht, dass die Achsen der Öffnungen 12 sich jeweils im gleichen Mittelpunkt schneiden. Durch diese Orientierung der Öffnungen 12 wird eine gleichmässigere Auffächerung des Dampfstroms bewirkt. Der gerade geformte Bord des Korbbogenbodens wird direkt auf das Ende der Bypass-Leitung 2 aufgeschweisst. Die Anordnung der Bohröffnungen 12 der erfindungsgemässen Lochblende 3 ist in Figur 3 gezeigt. Sie zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Distanz zwischen benachbarten Öffnungen 12 jeweils gleich ist. Dadurch wird die mechanische Stabilität über die gesamte Fläche der Blende begünstigt. Die Koordinaten der Öffnungen werden dabei gemäss der Krümmung des Korbbogenbodens und der erforderlichen Durchmesser der Öffnungen berechnet und direkt der NC-Maschine für die Fertigung zugeführt.FIG. 2 shows the first pinhole 3 according to the invention in detail. The pinhole 3 has the shape of a basket arch floor in this version. This form is for Example also known under the German industry standard number 28013. she is characterized in particular by the spherical central part, which creates the aperture has increased mechanical stability. It is therefore with thinner walls executed and still has the necessary stability. The basket arch floor with the straight board is manufactured in a single pressing process. The openings 12 are made after the pressing process by means of a programmable, on five axes working drilling machine (NC machine) drilled. With this way of working it is achieved that the axes of the openings 12 are each in the same center to cut. This orientation of the openings 12 makes it more uniform The steam flow is fanned out. The straight shaped board of the The arched floor is welded directly onto the end of the bypass line 2. The arrangement of the drilling openings 12 of the perforated diaphragm 3 according to the invention is shown in FIG Figure 3 shown. It is characterized in that the distance between adjacent openings 12 is the same in each case. This will make the mechanical Stability favored over the entire area of the aperture. The coordinates of the Openings are made according to the curvature of the basket arch floor and the required diameter of the openings calculated and directly the NC machine fed for manufacturing.

    Durch die Kugelform der Lochblende ragt die Lochblende weniger weit in die Enthitzungskammer als eine kegelförmige Lochblende. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass Wassertropfen, die nach Abschalten der Kondensatdüsen 6 in der Kondensatleitung sich befinden und in die Enthitzungskammer fallen, nicht auf die heisse Lochblende gelangen. Solche Tropfen würden sonst einen lokalen Thermoschock und möglicherweise eine daraus resultierende Erosion der Blende verursachen. Due to the spherical shape of the pinhole, the pinhole protrudes less far into the Desuperheating chamber as a conical aperture. This has the advantage that Water droplets in the condensate line after switching off the condensate nozzles 6 located and fall into the desuperheating chamber, not on the hot pinhole reach. Such drops would otherwise cause local thermal shock and possibly cause a resulting erosion of the screen.

    BezugszeichenlisteReference list

    11
    DampfeinführungsvorrichtungSteam introducer
    22nd
    Bypass-LeitungBypass line
    33rd
    kugelförmige Lochblendespherical pinhole
    44th
    EnthitzungskammerDesuperheating chamber
    55
    KondensatzufuhdeitungCondensate supply line
    66
    Düsejet
    77
    KondensatorhalsCondenser neck
    88th
    zweite Lochblendesecond pinhole
    8'8th'
    Öffnungenopenings
    99
    Kondensatorcapacitor
    1010th
    KühlrohrbündelCooling tube bundle
    1111
    Wand der EnthitzungskammerWall of the desuperheating chamber
    1212th
    Öffnungenopenings
    1313
    BordBoard
    1414
    VerbindungsstelleLiaison

    Claims (8)

    Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung (1) in einer Kraftwerksanlage mit einer Bypass-Leitung (2), die von einem Kessel zu einem Kondensator (9) führt, wobei die Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung (1) in der Bypass-Leitung (2) und vor dem Kondensatorhals (7) angeordnet ist
    und eine Enthitzungskammer (4), eine erste Lochblende (3) am Anfang der Enthitzungskammer (4), eine zweite Lochblende (8) am Ende der Enthitzungskammer (4) und mehrere Düsen (6) zwecks Einsprühung von Kühlkondensat in die Enthitzungskammer (4) aufweist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die erste Lochblende (3) am Anfang der Enthitzungskammer (4) aus einem einzigen, kugelförmigen Teil besteht.    Steam introduction device (1) in a power plant with a bypass line (2) leading from a boiler to a condenser (9), the steam introduction device (1) being arranged in the bypass line (2) and in front of the condenser neck (7) is
    and a desuperheating chamber (4), a first pinhole (3) at the beginning of the desuperheating chamber (4), a second pinhole (8) at the end of the desuperheating chamber (4) and a plurality of nozzles (6) for spraying cooling condensate into the desuperheating chamber (4) having,
    characterized in that
    the first perforated diaphragm (3) at the beginning of the desuperheating chamber (4) consists of a single, spherical part.         Dampteinführungsvomchtung (1) nach Anspruch 1
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die erste Lochblende (3) die Form eines Korbbogenbodens aufweist.    Vapor introduction device (1) according to claim 1
    characterized in that
    the first perforated panel (3) has the shape of a basket arch base.         Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die erste Lochblende (3) einen geraden Bord aufweist, dessen Durchmesser dem der Bypass-Leitung (2) angepasst ist.     Steam introduction device (1) according to claim 1 or 2
    characterized in that
    the first pinhole (3) has a straight rim, the diameter of which is adapted to that of the bypass line (2).         Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 3
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die erste Lochblende (3) Öffnungen (12) aufweist, die von allen nächstliegenden Öffnungen (12) gleich weit entfernt ist.    Steam introduction device (1) according to claim 3
    characterized in that
    the first perforated diaphragm (3) has openings (12) which are equidistant from all the nearest openings (12).         Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch (4)
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Achsen aller Öffnungen (12) sich in einem Punkt schneiden.    Steam introduction device (1) according to claim (4)
    characterized in that
    the axes of all openings (12) intersect at one point.         Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 5
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die erste Lochblende (3)auf das Ende der Bypass-Leitung (2) aufgeschweisst ist.    Steam introduction device (1) according to claim 5
    characterized in that
    the first pinhole (3) is welded onto the end of the bypass line (2).         Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 6
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Ende der ersten Lochblende (3) von den Düsen (6) beabstandet sind, sodass die Lochblende (3) frei von Wassertropfen bleibt, die aus den geschlossenen Düsen (6) fallen.     Steam introduction device (1) according to claim 6
    characterized in that
    the end of the first pinhole (3) is spaced from the nozzles (6), so that the pinhole (3) remains free of water drops that fall out of the closed nozzles (6).         Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Dampfeinführungsvorrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 1-7
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die kugelförmige Lochblende (3) durch Erhitzen und Pressen gefertigt wird und nach dem Pressen die Lochblende (3) entspannt wird und die Öffnungen (12) gebohrt werden.    A method of manufacturing a steam introducer according to claims 1-7
    characterized in that
    the spherical pinhole (3) is produced by heating and pressing and after the pressing, the pinhole (3) is relaxed and the openings (12) are drilled.
    EP98810384A 1998-04-30 1998-04-30 Steam introduction device in power plants Withdrawn EP0953731A1 (en)

    Priority Applications (5)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    EP98810384A EP0953731A1 (en) 1998-04-30 1998-04-30 Steam introduction device in power plants
    IDP990380D ID22555A (en) 1998-04-30 1999-04-23 Vapor INTRODUCTION TOOLS IN A STEAM GENERATOR
    US09/299,647 US6189871B1 (en) 1998-04-30 1999-04-24 Steam introduction device in a power plant
    JP11118473A JP2000054807A (en) 1998-04-30 1999-04-26 Steam introduction device in power plant
    AU25015/99A AU743291B2 (en) 1998-04-30 1999-04-29 Steam introduction device in a power plant

    Applications Claiming Priority (1)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    EP98810384A EP0953731A1 (en) 1998-04-30 1998-04-30 Steam introduction device in power plants

    Publications (1)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0953731A1 true EP0953731A1 (en) 1999-11-03

    Family

    ID=8236061

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP98810384A Withdrawn EP0953731A1 (en) 1998-04-30 1998-04-30 Steam introduction device in power plants

    Country Status (5)

    Country Link
    US (1) US6189871B1 (en)
    EP (1) EP0953731A1 (en)
    JP (1) JP2000054807A (en)
    AU (1) AU743291B2 (en)
    ID (1) ID22555A (en)

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    US6550249B2 (en) 2000-07-11 2003-04-22 Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd Condenser neck between a steam turbine and a condenser
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    US7055324B2 (en) * 2003-03-12 2006-06-06 Fisher Controls International Llc Noise abatement device and method for air-cooled condensing systems
    US7584822B2 (en) * 2003-08-08 2009-09-08 Fisher Controls International Llc Noise level reduction of sparger assemblies
    US7044437B1 (en) * 2004-11-12 2006-05-16 Fisher Controls International Llc. Flexible size sparger for air cooled condensors
    JP5864886B2 (en) * 2011-04-20 2016-02-17 東京電力株式会社 Condenser
    EP3104107B1 (en) 2015-06-12 2018-08-08 General Electric Technology GmbH Steam dump device for a nuclear power plant
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    EP3591179A1 (en) * 2018-07-03 2020-01-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Deflection steam feed
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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    AU2501599A (en) 1999-11-11
    ID22555A (en) 1999-11-04
    JP2000054807A (en) 2000-02-22
    AU743291B2 (en) 2002-01-24
    US6189871B1 (en) 2001-02-20

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