EP0952955B1 - Grue - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0952955B1
EP0952955B1 EP98900567A EP98900567A EP0952955B1 EP 0952955 B1 EP0952955 B1 EP 0952955B1 EP 98900567 A EP98900567 A EP 98900567A EP 98900567 A EP98900567 A EP 98900567A EP 0952955 B1 EP0952955 B1 EP 0952955B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crane
carriage
load
carriages
configuration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP98900567A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0952955A1 (fr
Inventor
Philip Henry Bacon
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C11/00—Trolleys or crabs, e.g. operating above runways
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C19/00—Cranes comprising trolleys or crabs running on fixed or movable bridges or gantries
    • B66C19/002—Container cranes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a crane, particularly though not exclusively a crane that is suitable for use in loading or unloading a vehicle, a conveyor belt or a vessel such as a ship.
  • the invention also encompasses a method of operating such a crane.
  • Cargo ships form the backbone of worldwide trade, carrying cargo ranging from loose bulk materials to freight containers all over the globe. This cargo can be carried internally within holds that are typically covered by movable hatches, or externally on deck as is common on container ships.
  • Each crane typically includes a lifting tackle suspended by wires from a trolley.
  • the trolley is movable on an elevated horizontal track defined by a pair of rails supported by a jib or gantry, the trolley spanning the gap between the rails.
  • the trolley reciprocates between two positions during an unloading operation, one position being for lifting items from the ship and the other position being for depositing those items at dockside.
  • the items may, for example, be deposited onto a vehicle such as a truck or a train, or possibly onto a conveyor belt that carries the items away as they are deposited thereon.
  • a loading operation is merely the same operation in reverse.
  • Applicant has found old prior art disclosures of cranes in different technical fields that employ more than one tackle but these multiple tackles act on one load and do not teach accelerating a loading or unloading process involving multiple discrete loads. Accordingly, they do not lead to the present invention which involves simultaneous movement of discrete loads to speed the process of transfer.
  • UK Patent No. 1,223,379 to Krupp was published in 1971. It discloses an overhead travelling crane for use in the shipbuilding industry, particularly for moving single large pre-constructed sections of a ship which may weigh several hundred tons.
  • the crane is on a massive scale: it is in the form of a bridge supported by columns, one at each end, which travel on rails on opposite sides of a dry dock in which a ship is to be built.
  • Krupp's crane provides for turning a single heavy load about either a horizontal or vertical axis, as may for example be necessary to turn a prefabricated ship section through 90° from its orientation on delivery at the shipyard to the orientation required for installation on a ship being built. This is achieved by running two crabs on each side of the bridge, thus making four crabs in total, with the crabs being divided into an upper pair, one upper crab being situated on each side of the bridge, and a lower pair, one lower crab being situated on each side of the bridge. Cables hang from each crab to support the load.
  • the Krupp crane is designed for painstaking and careful orientation of single, very large loads, in which it is acceptable to remove and reattach cables as the crabs pass each other.
  • the present invention requires no such steps.
  • the Krupp crane would not be suitable for dockside use, even if scaled down, because it requires support at both ends of the bridge.
  • UK Patent Nos. 907,399 and 972,477, both to Creusot, are a decade older than Krupp. They describe cranes for suspending and tilting a movable ladle in a steelworks.
  • the cranes employ an arrangement of three tackles, two mounted on an upper trolley that support the weight of the ladle and one mounted on a lower trolley that controls the tilt of the ladle.
  • the trolleys run along respective tracks, the lower trolley running on a track that is narrower than and lies beneath the other track. In this way, during a tilting operation, the inner trolley and its tackle can run inside the tackles suspended from the outer trolley without interfering with the outer trolley or its tackles.
  • Creusot documents are concerned with positioning and orienting a single load, which must be moved slowly and precisely. The movements of the various tackles and the range of that movement are therefore constrained. It is also noted that the Creusot cranes would not be suitable for dockside use, even in the unlikely event that a person seeking to load or unload a ship would look to the art of steelmaking for a solution.
  • FR-A-2196288 to Conrad-Stork B.V. discloses a method of operating a crane, the method comprising moving goods or commodities in a plurality of loads, wherein: each load is carried by a respective carriage that moves reciprocally with respect to the crane along a respective path to transfer the load and return for a further load; the carriages pass each other as they reciprocate along their respective paths; and at least one carriage changes configuration to avoid collision with another carriage or its load as the carriages pass each other.
  • FR-A-2196288 also discloses a crane adapted to move goods or commodities in a plurality of loads, the crane comprising a plurality of carriages each moveable reciprocally with respect to the crane along a respective path to transfer a load and return for a further load, the carriages passing each other as they reciprocate along their respective paths; and means for changing the configuration of at least one carriage to avoid collision with another carriage or its load as the carriages pass each other.
  • the present invention is characterised in that the change of configuration to avoid collision involves one carriage passing within another carriage.
  • the method of the invention is applied to loading and/or unloading a cargo carrying means such as a ship and so comprises moving cargo in a plurality of loads.
  • the invention also resides in optional features defined in the sub-claims.
  • a gantry crane 14 comprises an elevated elongate jib or gantry 15 that extends horizontally in cantilevered fashion from a support offset towards one end.
  • the support comprises two pairs of legs 16, the legs of each pair splaying apart towards the ground for stability.
  • the gantry 15 is a framework box section of tubular steel elements for strength and lightness.
  • the gantry supports an upper pair of rails 17 and a lower pair of rails 18 that respectively define upper and lower tracks in tiered relation.
  • Each track supports and is spanned by a respective trolley, the upper track having a relatively wide upper trolley 19 thereon and the lower track having a relatively narrower lower trolley 20 thereon.
  • Each trolley 19, 20 supports a respective pair of wires 21 which converge downwardly from sheaves 22 to tackles 23 and 24 respectively.
  • the tracks and trolleys 19, 20 are so arranged that the lower track and trolley 20 can pass within the wires 21 that depend from the upper trolley 19, in a nested relationship. As shown in Figures 1 and 3, it is also necessary for the tackle 23 to be lifted above tackle 24 to an extent that permits any load hanging from tackle 23 to clear tackle 24 and its associated wires. However, there is no need to remove a load from either tackle 23, 24 as the trolleys 19, 20 pass each other.
  • Safety is, of course, paramount in any crane system.
  • the primary safety issue to be considered in practice of the present invention is the risk of a collision between loads, tackles and wires as the tackles move in relation to one another. This can be avoided by electromechanical sensors and cut-outs, microprocessor controlled brakes or other logical switching to the same effect.
  • these safety measures can be used to create a 'collision prevention zone' shown in dashed lines to ensure that the tackle 23 and any load supported thereby are progressively lifted by the lower trolley 20 as they reach a minimum separation on approaching tackle 24, so that the tackle 23 is at all times high enough to avoid collision; and if this is not so, the abovementioned safety measures should correct the situation or stop movement of whichever trolley 19, 20 is moving.
  • Figure 4 shows the trolleys 19, 20 passing each other and also shows how the box structure of the gantry 15 itself can define the rails 17, 18.
  • the rails 17, 18 are four parallel longitudinal members connected at their ends by transverse members 25.
  • the legs 16 are attached to the upper rails 17 which are also the outer rails as seen in Figure 4.
  • an alternative embodiment of the invention employs an inner trolley 26 running on an inner pair of rails 27 that define an inner track akin to the lower track of Figures 2 and 3.
  • pairs of crabs move in rigid conformity with each other. This could be achieved, for example, by the use of synchronous electric drive motors controlled by microprocessors. It would also be possible for one crab 28 to convey positional information to the other crab 28, for example by transmitting infra-red signals to the other crab 28 which can be interpreted and used to synchronise the movement of the other crab 28. Other electromechanical devices could be used to achieve the same effect.
  • FIG 6 a further embodiment of the invention corresponds broadly to the tiered and nested embodiment of Figures 1 to 4 and again like numerals are used for like parts.
  • This embodiment is adapted for use with unitised items of standard dimensions such as containers of 12.19 metres (40 feet) in length.
  • the tackle commonly has to be lowered into spaces between neighbouring stacked containers on into cellguides in the hold, only as wide as a container itself.
  • the upper/outer trolley 32 needs to be wider than 12.19 metres (40 feet) if its wires are to clear the lower/inner trolley 30; but the tackle 33 of the upper/outer trolley 32 has to be brought down to a maximum width of 12.19 metres (40 feet) if it is to reach between the neighbouring containers 34 and lock onto another container 35.
  • a wire collector frame 36 is suspended by wires 37 below the point where the narrower lower/inner trolley 30 will clear its lift through the wider tackle 33.
  • the aforementioned safety measures can be made more active by providing for automatic control of the path taken by the tackles and hence by any loads that they support.
  • This motion could be pre-programmed according to a memorised and possibly standardised pattern of movements appropriate to the loads in question, and/or could be controlled by sensors that monitor the clearance between passing tackles, wires and loads and so enable a microprocessor to determine a safe path.
  • the cranes of the invention can also be driven manually, in which case a driver's cab could be attached to or otherwise associated with each respective trolley or crab so as to follow the movement of the respective tackle. If clearances are critical, as may be the case with unitised lifts for example, the cabs could be separate from the trolleys or crabs and could run on further tracks that are independent of the tracks on which the trolleys move. In this case, it would be advantageous to synchronise the movement of a cab to the trolley that the cab commands.
  • the means for synchronising cab movement could, for example, be as set out above in relation to the embodiment of Figure 5 for synchronising the movement of the crabs 28.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)
  • Carriers, Traveling Bodies, And Overhead Traveling Cranes (AREA)

Claims (41)

  1. Procédé d'actionnement d'une grue (14), le procédé comprenant le déplacement de marchandises ou de produits en une pluralité de charges, dans lequel : chaque charge est transportée par un chariot respectif qui se déplace en va et vient par rapport à la grue (14) le long d'un trajet respectif afin de transférer la charge et de retourner pour une autre charge ; les chariots se croisent alors qu'ils vont et viennent le long de leurs trajets respectifs ; et au moins un chariot change de configuration afin d'éviter une collision avec un autre chariot ou sa charge alors que les chariots se croisent, caractérisé en ce que le changement de configuration pour éviter une collision implique le passage d'un chariot à l'intérieur d'un autre chariot.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel chaque chariot comprend un palan mobile, des moyens de suspension pour suspendre une charge au palan et des moyens de mise en prise avec une charge pour la mise en prise avec une charge.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel les moyens de mise en prise avec une charge sont un agrès (23, 24), un grappin ou des moyens destinés à se mettre en prise avec un conteneur.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel la longueur des moyens de suspension varie afin de modifier la configuration d'un chariot.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel un chariot change de configuration pour éviter une collision par le fait que les moyens de suspension élèvent ou abaissent les moyens de mise en prise avec une charge.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel les moyens de suspension comprennent des premier et deuxième câbles, un de chaque côté des moyens de mise en prise avec une charge, et les deux câbles sont allongés ou raccourcis en même temps afin d'élever ou d'abaiser la charge.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le chariot change de configuration pour éviter une collision lorsque les moyens de suspension déplacent les moyens de mise en prise avec une charge transversalement à la direction générale de déplacement du chariot.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les chariots se déplacent indépendamment les uns des autres.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les chariots vont et viennent dans une plage de déplacement qui est sensiblement plus grande que les charges transportées.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la configuration des chariots pour éviter une collision est commandée automatiquement et la configuration suit un modèle prédéterminé mémorisé alors que les chariots vont et viennent.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la commande de la configuration des chariots pour éviter une collision comprend la surveillance automatique du dégagement entre les chariots qui se croisent y compris les charges qu'ils transportent.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les charges sont transportées par leurs chariots respectifs dans la plage de déplacement des chariots.
  13. Grue (14) adaptée pour déplacer des marchandises ou des produits en une pluralité de charges, la grue (14) comprenant une pluralité de chariots mobiles chacun en va et vient par rapport à la grue (14) le long d'un trajet respectif afin de transférer une charge et de retourner pour une autre charge, les chariots se croisant alors qu'ils vont et viennent le long de leurs trajets respectifs ; et des moyens pour modifier la configuration d'au moins un chariot afin d'éviter une collision avec un autre chariot ou sa charge alors que les chariots se croisent, caractérisée en ce que le changement de configuration pour éviter une collision implique le passage d'un chariot à l'intérieur d'un autre chariot.
  14. Grue (14) selon la revendication 13, dans laquelle chaque chariot comprend un palan mobile, des moyens de suspension pour suspendre une charge au palan et des moyens de mise en prise avec une charge pour la mise en prise avec une charge.
  15. Grue (14) selon la revendication 14, comprenant des moyens pour modifier la longueur des moyens de suspension afin de modifier la configuration d'un chariot.
  16. Grue (14) selon la revendication 15, dans laquelle les moyens de suspension comprennent des premier et deuxième câbles, un de chaque côté des moyens de mise en prise avec une charge.
  17. Grue (14) selon la revendication 16, comprenant des moyens pour modifier la longueur des premier et deuxième câbles en même temps.
  18. Grue (14) selon la revendication 16, comprenant des moyens pour modifier les longueurs relatives des premier et deuxième câbles.
  19. Grue (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 18, dans laquelle les moyens de mise en prise avec une charge sont un agrès (23, 24), un grappin ou des moyens pour la mise en prise avec un conteneur.
  20. Grue (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 19, dans laquelle les chariots sont mobiles le long de pistes respectives qui sont dans une relation imbriquée.
  21. Grue (14) selon la revendication 20, dans laquelle les chariots sont mobiles le long de pistes respectives qui sont dans une relation étagée.
  22. Grue (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 21, comprenant des moyens anti-collision commandés automatiquement associés à des moyens de mémorisation pour mémoriser un modèle prédéterminé de configuration de chariot.
  23. Grue (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 22, comprenant des moyens de surveillance automatique pour surveiller le dégagement entre les chariots qui se croisent y compris les charges qu'ils transportent.
  24. Grue (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 23, comprenant des moyens anti-collision adaptés pour garantir que la configuration d'un chariot est modifiée pour éviter une collision alors que ce chariot atteint une séparation minimum d'un autre chariot qui approche.
  25. Grue (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 24, comprenant une flèche ou un portique allongé élevé (15) qui s'étend horizontalement en porte-à-faux depuis un support vertical décalé vers une extrémité.
  26. Grue (14) selon la revendication 25, dans laquelle la flèche ou le portique (15) est une structure d'éléments de construction comprenant des rails supérieurs (17) et inférieurs (18), les rails définissant des pistes supérieures et inférieures disposées dans une relation étagée et un chariot étant mobile le long de chaque piste respective.
  27. Grue (14) selon la revendication 25 ou la revendication 26, dans laquelle les rails sont des éléments longitudinaux parallèles reliés à leurs extrémités par des éléments transversaux (25).
  28. Grue (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 25 à 27, dans laquelle le support est fixé aux rails qui sont disposés le plus à l'extérieur.
  29. Grue (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 28, dans laquelle les pistes supportent et sont enjambées chacune par un palan mobile respectif, une piste supérieure supportant un chariot roulant supérieur relativement large (19) et une piste inférieure supportant un chariot roulant inférieur relativement étroit (20).
  30. Grue (14) selon la revendication 29, dans laquelle la piste inférieure et le palan inférieur passent à l'intérieur des moyens de suspension qui pendent du palan supérieur.
  31. Grue (14) selon les revendications 13 à 30, comprenant deux chariots de levage (28) se déplaçant sur deux rails extérieurs disposés à l'extérieur et un de chaque côté d'une piste intérieure, chaque chariot de levage (28) se déplaçant sur un rail extérieur respectif.
  32. Grue (14) selon la revendication 31, comprenant des moyens pour déplacer les chariots de levage (28) en conformité l'un avec l'autre.
  33. Grue (14) selon la revendication 31 ou la revendication 32, dans laquelle la piste intérieure comprend au moins un rail supporté par le dessus en des points quelconques ou en tous points le long de sa longueur fonctionnelle.
  34. Grue (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 33, adaptée pour être utilisée avec des articles regroupés de dimensions standard.
  35. Grue (14) selon la revendication 34, dans laquelle les articles regroupés sont des conteneurs standard.
  36. Grue (14) selon la revendication 35, dans laquelle les moyens de mise en prise avec une charge sont capables d'être abaissés dans un espace entre des conteneurs empilés voisins ou des glissières cellulaires qui est sensiblement aussi large qu'un conteneur lui-même.
  37. Grue (14) selon la revendication 36, dans laquelle des moyens de réduction agissent sur les moyens de suspension auxquels les moyens de mise en prise avec une charge sont suspendus.
  38. Grue (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 37, comprenant une cabine de conduite fixée ou autrement associée à chaque chariot respectif de manière à suivre le mouvement de ce chariot.
  39. Grue (14) selon la revendication 38, dans laquelle les cabines sont séparées des chariots et se déplacent sur des pistes dédiées.
  40. Grue (14) selon la revendication 39, comprenant des moyens pour synchroniser le mouvement d'une cabine avec le mouvement d'un chariot que commande la cabine.
  41. Grue (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 40, comprenant trois agrès ou plus fonctionnant dans un agencement imbriqué.
EP98900567A 1997-01-14 1998-01-12 Grue Expired - Lifetime EP0952955B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9700637A GB2321047A (en) 1997-01-14 1997-01-14 Multiple Action Gantry Crane
GB9700637 1997-01-14
PCT/GB1998/000071 WO1998030485A1 (fr) 1997-01-14 1998-01-12 Grue

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0952955A1 EP0952955A1 (fr) 1999-11-03
EP0952955B1 true EP0952955B1 (fr) 2002-12-11

Family

ID=10805936

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98900567A Expired - Lifetime EP0952955B1 (fr) 1997-01-14 1998-01-12 Grue

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0952955B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5566798A (fr)
DE (1) DE69810075T2 (fr)
GB (1) GB2321047A (fr)
HK (1) HK1023551A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998030485A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100460305C (zh) * 2003-08-27 2009-02-11 上海振华港口机械（集团）股份有限公司 轨道式双小车龙门型集装箱起重机
JP6361069B2 (ja) * 2014-09-29 2018-07-25 株式会社三井Ｅ＆Ｓマシナリー クレーン

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB528067A (en) * 1939-04-26 1940-10-22 King Ltd Geo W Improvements in or relating to travelling cranes, hoists and the like
FR1231834A (fr) * 1959-04-16 1960-10-03 Creusot Forges Ateliers Pont roulant destiné à recevoir deux chariots superposés
FR1301996A (fr) * 1961-07-13 1962-08-24 Creusot Forges Ateliers Pont roulant à deux chariots superposés
NL6906549A (fr) * 1968-05-03 1969-11-05
US3696947A (en) * 1970-07-15 1972-10-10 Catharinus M Ponsen Dock side cargo handling apparatus
US3881608A (en) * 1972-08-17 1975-05-06 Conrad Starke B V Bridge crane
US4641757A (en) * 1983-05-06 1987-02-10 Robotic Systems, Inc. Circulating latch transport mechanism for overhead cranes
DK184585A (da) * 1984-05-09 1985-11-10 Flyda Mordaunt Ltd Apparat til haandtering af containere
IE873194L (en) * 1987-11-24 1989-05-24 Roeder Ind Holdings Container crane
DE3826274A1 (de) * 1988-08-02 1990-02-08 Tax Ingenieurgesellschaft Mbh Einrichtung zum be- und entladen von containern an schiffen
DE3837726A1 (de) * 1988-11-07 1990-05-10 Trans Tech Team Immobilien Gmb Verfahren zur verladung von schwergut mit einer schwergut-verladebruecke mit mehr als einer hebe- und senkvorrichtung
DE4101487C1 (en) * 1990-10-17 1991-12-19 O & K Orenstein & Koppel Ag, 1000 Berlin, De Feed for handling marine cargos - has travelling gantry with jib having track for crane carriages

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9700637D0 (en) 1997-03-05
GB2321047A (en) 1998-07-15
EP0952955A1 (fr) 1999-11-03
DE69810075D1 (de) 2003-01-23
DE69810075T2 (de) 2003-11-13
HK1023551A1 (en) 2000-09-15
AU5566798A (en) 1998-08-03
WO1998030485A1 (fr) 1998-07-16

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