EP0951744B1 - Koaxiale schaltverbindunganordnung - Google Patents

Koaxiale schaltverbindunganordnung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0951744B1
EP0951744B1 EP97946787A EP97946787A EP0951744B1 EP 0951744 B1 EP0951744 B1 EP 0951744B1 EP 97946787 A EP97946787 A EP 97946787A EP 97946787 A EP97946787 A EP 97946787A EP 0951744 B1 EP0951744 B1 EP 0951744B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
connector
contact
coaxial connector
mating
coaxial
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97946787A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0951744B2 (de
EP0951744A1 (de
Inventor
Dieter Bozzer
Blaise Rithener
Lionel Thomas
Patrick Duquerroy
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Whitaker LLC
Original Assignee
Whitaker LLC
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Whitaker LLC filed Critical Whitaker LLC
Publication of EP0951744A1 publication Critical patent/EP0951744A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0951744B1 publication Critical patent/EP0951744B1/de
Publication of EP0951744B2 publication Critical patent/EP0951744B2/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
    • H01R24/38—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts
    • H01R24/40—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency
    • H01R24/50—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency mounted on a PCB [Printed Circuit Board]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/62—Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
    • H01R13/629—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances
    • H01R13/631—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances for engagement only
    • H01R13/6315—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances for engagement only allowing relative movement between coupling parts, e.g. floating connection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
    • H01R24/38—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts
    • H01R24/40—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency
    • H01R24/42—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency comprising impedance matching means or electrical components, e.g. filters or switches
    • H01R24/46—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency comprising impedance matching means or electrical components, e.g. filters or switches comprising switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R2103/00—Two poles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a coaxial connector assembly.
  • a common application for coaxial connectors with a switching function is found in cellular phones.
  • Cell phones comprise their own antennas, but when mounted on a support in an automobile for example, the cell phone connects to an antenna on the automobile.
  • the connection of the cell phone to the automobile antenna requires a switch during plugging of the cell phone to the support.
  • the antenna connector is typically a coaxial type of connector having an inner conductor concentrically surrounded by a ground conductor.
  • US 4286335 describes a coaxial dual antenna connection arrangement for communications apparatus.
  • the coaxial connector has a switch.
  • US 4580862 discloses a floating coaxial connector.
  • the plug connector includes a mounting member for mounting to a panel.
  • the plug body floats in the mounting member.
  • a coaxial connector with an outer shell and a body in which is mounted a center pin is disclosed in GB 2128038 A.
  • a tapered spring is provided between body and shell to permit the pin to float.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a coaxial connector assembly that withstands a large number of plugging/unplugging cycles in a reliable manner. It would be advantageous to provide a coaxial connector assembly that can tolerate relatively large tolerances between mating parts. It would be advantageous to provide a coaxial connector assembly with switching function that can withstand many connection/disconnection cycles. It would be further advantageous to provide such connector assemblies in a cost-effective, compact and robust manner.
  • a connector assembly comprising a first coaxial connector and a second coaxial connector matable therewith in an axial direction, each connector comprising a mating section having an inner contact surrounded by an outer contact and separated therefrom by a dielectric, the first or second coaxial connectors having a tapered funnel shaped lead-in portion for guiding and locating the connector mating sections of the first and second coaxial connectors during plugging together, wherein the inner contact of the first coaxial connector has a pin shape and is resiliently movable in the axial direction and the contact legs of the first coaxial connector have surface mount contact pads and are positioned at opposed ends of the connector.
  • a further preferred feature is provision of the axially movable centre contact of the fixed connector that abuts the centre contact of the mobile connector.
  • the latter enhances resistance to shocks and permits reliable connection for many plugging/unplugging cycles. Face to face abutment of centre contacts enables contacts to project only by small amounts from mating faces of the dielectric, thereby reducing the risk of bending or otherwise damaging the centre pin contacts.
  • One of the connectors may comprise a spring resilient in a radial direction orthogonal to the axial direction, the spring positioned intermediate the mating section and a support for fixed attachment to a device such that the connector is resiliently floatable in the radial direction with respect to the device.
  • the spring may further be resilient in the axial direction for axial resilient movement of the connector.
  • a coaxial connector assembly 2 comprises a first connector 4 mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) 5 within a device such as a portable phone having an outer housing 6 for reception in a device such as a telephone cradle 8 within which a second connector 10 is mounted for mating with the first connector 4.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • the first connector 4 will also be called the mobile device connector and the second connector 10 will also be called the fixed device connector.
  • the fixed device connector 10 comprises a mating section 12, a mounting section 14, and a connection section 16.
  • the connection section 16 comprises a tubular portion 18 having a passage 20 for receiving an inner conducting wire 22 surrounded by a dielectric 24 of a coaxial (e.g. antenna) cable 26.
  • the outer surface 28 of the tubular portion 18 is for receiving an outer conductor 30 of the cable 26 thereover.
  • the outer conductor 30 is crimped to the tubular portion by provision of a metallic ring 32 provided therearound, which is plastically deformed during the crimping process. The latter ensures on the one hand good electrical contact between the outer conductor 30 and the connection section, and on the other hand serves as a strain relief for securely holding the cable 26 to the second connector 10.
  • connection section 16 further comprises a conductive casing 34 integral with the tubular portion 18 and having an axially extending passage 36 orthogonal to the tubular portion and in communication with the inner conductor receiving cavity 20 thereof.
  • the axial passage 36 is provided with an end cap 37 that closes a rear end of the passage once the cable is assembled to the second connector 10.
  • the open end of the passage 36 enables the cable inner conductor 22 to be soldered, for example to a connection portion 38 of an inner contact 40 of the connector.
  • a dielectric cap 42 can be further provided for positioning over the inner contact connection portion 38 prior to mounting of the cover 37 in order to separate the inner contact 38 from the outer housing and cover 34,37 which perform the function of outer conductor.
  • the inner contact 40 is mounted within a dielectric 44 which further supports an outer contact 46 concentrically therearound and extending in an axial direction A.
  • the outer contact 46 is electrically and mechanically connected to the connection section outer conductor 34 by means of deformable crimping tabs 48 of the connection section crimped around a shoulder 50 at a connection end of the outer contact 46.
  • the dielectric 44 is provided with a shoulder 52 sandwiched between shoulders of the outer conductor housing 34 and the outer contact 46 for secure attachment thereof.
  • the inner contact 40 is securely held to the dielectric 44 by means of retention barbs 54 provided therealong in an interference fit with the dielectric 44.
  • a mating end of the substantially cylindrically shaped inner contact 40 is provided with a recess 56, in this embodiment conically shaped.
  • the recess 56 forms a contact surface for receiving and locating a complementary pin contact 58 of the mobile device connector 4 in resilient axial abutment thereagainst.
  • the mating end 57 of the inner contact 40 is slightly recessed with respect to a mating face 59 of the connector, although it is possible to vary the position of the dielectric mating face 59' as best seen when comparing the slightly different embodiments of figures 2 and 7. The latter provides additional protection to the inner contact, and particularly the contact surface 56.
  • the outer contact 46 is provided with resilient cantilever beam contact arms 60 extending from the mating end 59, their free ends 62 being resiliently inwardly (i.e. radially towards the inner contact 40) biasable.
  • the free ends 62 are provided with contact protrusions 64 for resiliently contacting a concentric outer contact 66 of the mating mobile device connector 4.
  • the resilient cantilever beams 60 are formed by cutting axially extending slits out of the generally tubular shaped outer contact 46.
  • the mounting section 14 comprises a spring member 68 fixed at one end 70 to the connector mating section 12, and fixed at the other end 72 to a support member 74 securely attached to the device 8, which for example could be the housing of a mobile phone receiving cradle.
  • An axial abutment member 76 is securely attached to the connector mating section 12 proximate the connection end 75 to limit axial displacement of the connector beyond a mating side 78 of the fixed device 8.
  • the abutment member 76 engages a shoulder 79 of the support 8.
  • the spring member 68 is in this embodiment a coil spring having a substantially tapered or conical shape where a small diameter end is wound around and attached to the outer contact 46 at the mating section attachment end 70, and the large diameter end is at the support attachment end 72 in abutment against the support ring 74.
  • the conical shape of the spring enables both axial movement in direction A and radial movement in a plane with a direction R orthogonal to the axial direction A.
  • the connector abutment 76 is thus slidably mounted against the surface 79 of the device 8.
  • the axial biasing force of the spring 68 is slightly greater than the mating force upon full mating of the connectors 4,10, such that the spring is generally only axially compressed once the connectors have been fully mated depending on tolerances. If tolerances between the coupled connectors are such that the spring is axially compressed, the abutment member 76 lifts off the support face 79 of the device 8.
  • the spring may also act to absorb shocks on the fixed device connector 10, for example if the mobile device housing 6 or other objects abut the connector such that it resiliently moves axially or radially, thereby reducing the risk of damage by such shocks.
  • the conically shaped coil spring 68 enables substantial radial movement of the fixed device connector 10 with respect to the fixed device 8 in order to absorb tolerances in the radial direction in positioning between the mating connectors 10,4.
  • a flexible film or membrane 80 may be provided attached to the outer contact 46 of the mating section 12 in order to cover the cavity 82 of the device 8 within the mating section 12 is received. The latter serves to prevent ingress of dust and the like into the device.
  • the mobile device connector 4 comprises a dielectric housing 84 within which is axially slidably mounted the centre contact 58, and mounted concentrically therearound is an outer contact 66.
  • the connector 4 has a mating section 86 and connection section 88.
  • the connection section 88 comprises a first contact leg 89 and a second contact leg 90 mounted within recesses 91,92 respectively at a PCB mounting end 83 of the dielectric 84.
  • the contact legs 89,90 have surface mount contact portions 93 for surface mount soldering on a PCB 94 for interconnection to electrical components of a mobile phone, for example.
  • the second contact leg 90 comprises a resilient contact arm 96 having a contact protrusion 97 for engagement against a contact surface 98 of the first contact leg 89.
  • the contact arm 96 is prestressed when mounted in the dielectric 84 such that the contact surfaces 97,98 abut with a certain force for reliable electrical contact therebetween.
  • the resilient contact arm 96 extends across and axially below a rounded connection end 99 of the centre pin contact 58. When the pin contact 58 is depressed towards the PCB 5, the contact arm 96 is thus depressed and electrical connection between the legs 89,90 is broken.
  • the connectors 10,4 are fully mated, abutment of the inner contacts 40,58 thus breaks contact between the contact legs 89,90 as shown in Figure 2.
  • the latter switch function for example causes a cell phone antenna to be switched to the antenna of the fixed device 8 when the cell phone is mounted thereon.
  • the resilient contact arm also provides the spring force for abutting the slidable inner contact 58 against the mating inner contact 40, such that few components are needed to provide the switching and contact functions.
  • the axial face-to-face abutment of the slidable inner contact 58 and inner contact 40 as shown in Figure 2, enables the slidable contact end 85 to project only slightly beyond the mating face 87 of the dielectric 84. The latter reduces the risk of damage to the contacts during plugging, or with respect to external objects.
  • the outer contact 66 is provided with a large conical lead-in section 94 for guiding the mating section 12 during plugging.
  • the tapered or conical lead-in section 94 is quite substantial in order to absorb relatively large tolerances in radial positioning of the connectors 4, 10.
  • the contacts legs 89,90 which may be cost effectively manufactured from stamping and forming sheet metal, are provided with V-shaped retention members 100 that dig into opposed walls of a slot 102 in the mounting end 93 of the dielectric 84.
  • the contact legs can thus be securely attached and positioned with respect to the dielectric 84 by merely depressing the retention portions 100 into the slot 102.
  • the connector 4 maybe robustly supported on the PCB by the solder connection of the contact legs 93 in addition the solder connection of the outer contact 66 which is provided with opposed solder mount extensions 104 mountable against the PCB 5.
  • the PCB 5 is provided with arcuate conductive traces 106 for solder connection to the outer contact solder mount extensions 104.
  • solder connections also provide the electrical connections to the outer and inner contacts 66,58.

Landscapes

  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Koaxialverbinderanordnung (2), die aufweist: einen ersten Koaxialverbinder (4); und einen zweiten Koaxialverbinder (10), der damit in einer axialen Richtung (A) in Eingriff kommen kann, wobei jeder Verbinder einen Eingriffsabschnitt (86, 12) aufweist, der einen inneren Kontakt (58, 40) aufweist, der durch einen äußeren Kontakt (66, 46) umgeben ist und davon durch ein Dielektrikum (84, 44) getrennt ist, wobei der erste Koaxialverbinder (4) einen kegelförmigen, trichterartigen Einführungsabschnitt (94) für das Führen und Anordnen der Verbindereingriffsabschnitte (86, 12) des ersten und zweiten Koaxialverbinders während des Zusammensteckens aufweist, worin der innere Kontakt (58) des ersten Koaxialverbinders (4) im wesentlichen stiftförmig und in der axialen Richtung (A) mit Bezugnahme zum äußeren Kontakt (66) des ersten Koaxialverbinders (4) elastisch beweglich ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kontaktschenkel (89, 90) des ersten Koaxialverbinders jeweils Oberflächenmontagekontaktanschlußflächen (93) aufweisen, die an den gegenüberliegenden Enden des Verbinders für ein Löten auf eine Leiterplatte (5) positioniert sind.
  2. Verbinderanordnung nach Anspruch 1, bei der mindestens einer der Kontaktschenkel (89, 90) einen elastisch gehaltenen Kontakt (96) für ein Eingreifen in einen Kontakt (98) des anderen Schenkels aufweist, wenn die Verbinder außer Eingriff gebracht werden, wobei der eiastisch gehaltene Kontakt (96) mit dem inneren Kontakt (58) des ersten Koaxialverbinders in Eingriff kommt, wenn der innere Kontakt während des Eingriffes der Koaxialverbinder (4, 10) axial niedergedrückt wird.
  3. Verbinderanordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei der der innere Kontakt (40) des zweiten Koaxialverbinders (10) eine konkave Kontaktfläche (56) aufweist, die in Beziehung zum Dielektrikum (44) unbeweglich ist.
  4. Verbinderanordnung nach Anspruch 3, bei der die Kontaktfläche (56) im wesentlichen eine kegelförmige Form aufweist.
  5. Verbinderanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, bei der der Eingriffsabschnitt (12) des zweiten Koaxialverbinders an einer Halterung (72, 74) einer Vorrichtung (8) elastisch schwimmfähig montiert ist.
  6. Verbinderanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei der sich der trichterartige Einführungsabschnitt (94) am ersten Koaxialverbinder (4) über eine Eingriffsfläche (87) des ersten Verbinderdielektrikums (84) hinaus erstreckt, und bei der der stiftförmige Mittelkontakt (58) des ersten Koaxialverbinders ein Kontaktende (85) aufweist, das über die dielektrische Eingriffsfläche (87) weniger vorsteht als der Einführungsabschnitt (94).
  7. Koaxialverbinderanordnung (2) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei der mindestens der zweite Koaxialverbinder (10) eine Feder (68) aufweist, die in einer radialen Richtung (R) orthogonal zur axialen Richtung elastisch ist, wobei die Feder zwischen dem Eingriffsabschnitt (12) und einer Halterung (74) für eine unbewegliche Befestigung an einer Vorrichtung (8) positioniert ist, innerhalb der der zweite Koaxialverbinder montiert ist, so daß der zweite Koaxialverbinder (10) in der radialen Richtung mit Bezugnahme auf die Vorrichtung (8) elastisch schwimmfähig ist.
  8. Verbinderanordnung nach Anspruch 7, bei der die Feder ebenfalls in der axialen Richtung (A) elastisch ist, wodurch die Federkraft größer ist als eine Eingriffskraft, die für einen vollständigen Eingriff des Koaxialverbinders (4, 10) erforderlich ist.
  9. Verbinderanordnung nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, bei der die Feder eine im wesentlichen kegelförmig geformte Spiralfeder ist, die am Ende (70) mit kleinem Durchmesser mit dem Eingriffsabschnitt (12) des zweiten Koaxialverbinders (10) und am Ende (72) mit großem Durchmesser mit der Halterung (74) in Eingriff ist.
  10. Verbinderanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei der der äußere Kontakt (66) des ersten Koaxialverbinders Verlängerungen (104) an gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Dielektrikums (84) für ein Montieren auf eine Leiterplatte (5) aufweist, wobei die Verlängerungen eine gebogene Form in axialer Fortsetzung eines im wesentlichen zylindrischen Eingriffsabschnittes des äußeren Kontaktes aufweisen, so daß die Lötflächen (105), die an Enden der Verlängerungen (104) angeordnet sind, im wesentlichen bogenförmige Formen aufweisen.
EP97946787A 1997-01-13 1997-12-17 Koaxiale schaltverbindunganordnung Expired - Lifetime EP0951744B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9700531 1997-01-13
GBGB9700531.8A GB9700531D0 (en) 1997-01-13 1997-01-13 Coaxial switch connector assembly
PCT/IB1997/001578 WO1998031078A1 (en) 1997-01-13 1997-12-17 Coaxial switch connector assembly

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0951744A1 EP0951744A1 (de) 1999-10-27
EP0951744B1 true EP0951744B1 (de) 2001-06-06
EP0951744B2 EP0951744B2 (de) 2007-09-05

Family

ID=10805863

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97946787A Expired - Lifetime EP0951744B2 (de) 1997-01-13 1997-12-17 Koaxiale schaltverbindunganordnung

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0951744B2 (de)
JP (1) JP3970939B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1125512C (de)
AU (1) AU5191098A (de)
DE (1) DE69705129T3 (de)
GB (1) GB9700531D0 (de)
WO (1) WO1998031078A1 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10237956B3 (de) * 2002-08-20 2004-03-18 Ims Connector Systems Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter

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DE19914341B4 (de) * 1999-03-30 2005-10-13 Ims Connector Systems Gmbh Koaxialer Steckverbinder für Funktelefone oder dergleichen
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JP3711002B2 (ja) * 2000-08-31 2005-10-26 ヒロセ電機株式会社 スイッチ付き同軸コネクタ
US6659786B2 (en) 2001-04-25 2003-12-09 Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh Electrical connector
US6473045B1 (en) 2001-07-09 2002-10-29 Tyco Electronics Corporation Coaxial connector assembly and antenna assembly having a switching function
DE10151819B4 (de) * 2001-10-20 2004-02-12 Erich Jaeger Gmbh & Co. Kg Steckverbindungseinrichtung
GB2388256B (en) * 2002-04-30 2005-10-05 Otter Controls Ltd Improvements relating to cordless electrical appliances
DE102005055798B3 (de) * 2005-11-21 2007-01-04 Ims Connector Systems Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter
JP4703429B2 (ja) 2006-02-17 2011-06-15 モレックス インコーポレイテド コネクタホルダ
DE102007051101A1 (de) 2007-10-24 2009-10-08 Ims Connector Systems Gmbh Mikroschalter für einen koaxialen Steckverbinder
EP2101375B1 (de) 2008-03-10 2010-06-23 Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH Koaxialverbinder
EP2180326B1 (de) * 2008-10-24 2017-05-03 Tyco Electronics Services GmbH Testsonde
ATE540452T1 (de) 2009-05-29 2012-01-15 Tyco Electronics Nederland Bv Miniatur-schaltverbinder
KR101595188B1 (ko) * 2014-10-29 2016-02-17 델피 인터내셔널 오퍼레이션즈 룩셈부르크 에스.에이 알.엘. 자가 정렬 가능한 전기 접속 장치 및 커넥터
US9935410B2 (en) 2016-08-26 2018-04-03 Sterling Innovation Inc. Electrical connector having male and female connectors
CN108173078B (zh) * 2017-12-29 2019-08-30 科大天工智能装备技术（天津）有限公司 一种3d打印供电线路双回路切换装置及其使用方法
CN109841999A (zh) * 2019-02-22 2019-06-04 中航富士达科技股份有限公司 一种自适应板间射频连接器

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10237956B3 (de) * 2002-08-20 2004-03-18 Ims Connector Systems Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1244958A (zh) 2000-02-16
DE69705129D1 (de) 2001-07-12
JP2001508231A (ja) 2001-06-19
WO1998031078A1 (en) 1998-07-16
CN1125512C (zh) 2003-10-22
DE69705129T3 (de) 2008-02-14
GB9700531D0 (en) 1997-03-05
DE69705129T2 (de) 2001-11-15
JP3970939B2 (ja) 2007-09-05
EP0951744B2 (de) 2007-09-05
AU5191098A (en) 1998-08-03
EP0951744A1 (de) 1999-10-27

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