EP0950933A1 - Montre electronique analogique - Google Patents

Montre electronique analogique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0950933A1
EP0950933A1 EP98900177A EP98900177A EP0950933A1 EP 0950933 A1 EP0950933 A1 EP 0950933A1 EP 98900177 A EP98900177 A EP 98900177A EP 98900177 A EP98900177 A EP 98900177A EP 0950933 A1 EP0950933 A1 EP 0950933A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
step motor
energy
hand
hands
holding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98900177A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0950933A4 (fr
Inventor
Takanori Citizen Watch Co. Ltd. Tech. Lab NANYA
Kazuo Citizen Watch Co. Ltd. Tech. Lab. SUZUKI
Takayasu Citizen Watch Co. Ltd. MACHIDA
Shigeyuki Citizen Watch Co. Ltd. TAKAHASHI
Takeaki Citizen Watch Co. Ltd. SHIMANOUCHI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Citizen Watch Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Citizen Watch Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Citizen Watch Co Ltd filed Critical Citizen Watch Co Ltd
Publication of EP0950933A1 publication Critical patent/EP0950933A1/fr
Publication of EP0950933A4 publication Critical patent/EP0950933A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/02—Back-gearing arrangements between gear train and hands
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/04—Hands; Discs with a single mark or the like
    • G04B19/042—Construction and manufacture of the hands; arrangements for increasing reading accuracy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a analog electronic timepiece for indicating time using bands, more specifically, to a technology for further reducing power consumption of the analog electronic timepiece and for diversifying the hands.
  • time indicating system of a timepiece in addition to accuracy, decoration is also required, and analog indication is superior due to its indication quality and its possible variety in design.
  • the timepiece in which a step motor is used for an actuator is widespread.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a conventional analog electronic timepiece showing a state in which force is transmitted from a step motor to bands via train wheels.
  • a rotor 1a of a step motor 1 a fifth wheel 2, a second wheel 3, a third wheel 4, a center wheel 5, a minute wheel 6, and a hour wheel 7 are linked together in due order via pinions 11 to 16.
  • a second hand 8 which is integrated with the second wheel 3 and the pinion 13, a minute had 9 integrated with the center wheel 5 and the pinion 15, and an hour hand 10 integrated with the hour wheel 7 perform predetermined traveling motions.
  • the second hand 8, the minute hand 9 and the hour hand 10 are actually fitted to one another to rotate on the same axis, and are shown spread out for the sake of clarity.
  • the step motor 1 comprised of the rotor 1a, a stator 1b and a coil 1c requires a holding energy for preventing each of hands 8, 9, and 10 from being subject to a hand-skip phenomenon on an external impact, in addition to a driving energy required for driving each of hands 8, 9, and 10.
  • the step motor 1 is designed in such a manner that both energy values meet the timepiece requirements.
  • a required holding energy value according to the hands in use is determined first, and then a motor is designed in such a manner to satisfy the above value, in order to meet the timepiece requirements. Thereafter, suitable driving conditions are set within the above range.
  • the driving energy value is thus not conclusively optimized. Further, if only normal movement of hands is necessary, it will be possible to realize the step movement of hands with a driving energy value smaller than those required presently.
  • the driving energy value in the description does not mean the so-called whole given energy value but the effective energy value (the resultant value obtained by subtracting the holding energy value from the whole energy value) which is required when a hand non-steadily rotates a certain angle in a set period of time. Without the driving force exceeding the above value, the expected rotary motion can not be obtained.
  • the holding energy value means the energy value which is required for holding a hand so as to prevent a hand-skip phenomenon on an external impact, which is unconditionally determined from the step motor requirements.
  • the value of the holding energy is set to be larger than that of the disturbance energy that occurs at the hand, part by an external impact, in order to prevent a hand-skip phenomenon. Which means, conversely, that the hand can not be held when the disturbance energy value exceeds the holding energy value.
  • the disturbance energy value which means the magnitude of an external impact, relates to the magnitude of inertial moment (inertia) with consideration of imbalance caused by a degree of unbalanced moment of the rotary body including hands and train wheels, with respect to the rotational axis thereof.
  • the disturbance energy value is greatly influenced by the magnitude of inertial moment. For instance, if hands are made larger or different in shape from what should be, giving priority to visual design, a problem would arise that the inertial moment increases according to the amount of imbalance being larger, thereby the disturbance energy value easily exceeds the holding energy value.
  • An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and to achieve a further reduction in power consumption of the electronic timepiece by reducing the aforementioned holding energy value, while satisfying the timepiece requirements.
  • Another object is to obtain further flexibility of designs by eliminating limiting factors on bands to prevent a hand-skip phenomenon.
  • This invention is structured as follows, to achieve the aforesaid objects in an analog electronic timepiece having: hands for indicating time; a step motor having a holding energy for holding the hands while standing still and generating a driving energy which exceeds the holding energy while driving the hands; and train wheels for transmitting the movement of the step motor to the hands.
  • a weight is added at least to apart of the rotary body including the hands and the train wheels where an external impact causes a disturbance energy which is larger than the holding energy value possessed by the step motor, so that the disturbance energy value which the above step motor receives is made smaller than the above holding energy value.
  • a thin part, a through hole, or a notch may be formed, to lessen the moment of the whole rotary body, at least in a part of the rotary body.
  • At least a part of the rotary members of the above rotary body may be formed by a combination of members with different specific gravities from each other, to lessen the moment of the whole rotary body.
  • M and I are preferably set to satisfy the relation below: M 2 /I ⁇ 2 ⁇ Ep/v 2 where a moment possessed by the rotary body is M, a hand equivalent inertial moment from the hand to the rotor of the step motor via the train wheels is I, a speed of translational motion of the timepiece by receiving an external impact is v, and a holding energy possessed by the step motor is Ep.
  • a reverse transmission preventing gear may be provided at a part of the train wheels in relation to the rotary body, in order to prevent transmission of the disturbance energy to the step motor.
  • the disturbance energy value in the description means the rotational energy value that occurs at the rotary body comprised of a hand, gears, pinions, and shafts fitting to the band when receiving an external impact.
  • the disturbance energy value is a value related to imbalance caused by a degree of the unbalanced moment possessed by the rotary body and the magnitude of its inertial moment.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a three-hand analog electronic timepiece for explaining an embodiment of the present invention, and essential components are the same as those in the conventional electronic timepiece shown in Fig. 5. Thus, the same numerals and symbols are given to the same portions in Fig.1 as those in Fig. 5.
  • the second hand 8 performs step movement by linking a rotor 1a of a step motor 1, a fifth wheel 2, and the second wheel 3 together in due order via pinions 11, 12.
  • the description of third wheels 4 and thereafter will be omitted, and a minute hand 9 and an hour hand 10 are the same as those shown in Fig.5.
  • Numeral 21 shows a main plate
  • numeral 22 shows a train wheel bridge
  • numeral 23 shows a dial in Fig. 1.
  • the rotor 1a of the step motor 1, the fifth wheel 2, the second wheel 3, third wheel 4, a center wheel 5, and a minute wheel 6 (see Fig. 5) are respectively pivotally supported between the main plate 21 and the train wheel bridge 22.
  • An hour wheel 7 is supported between the main plate 21 and the dial 23 which is provided above the main plate 21, and is rotatably fitted outside a minute hand shalt 24 in which the second hand shaft 18 is rotatably inserted.
  • the second hand 8 When this electronic timepiece receives an external impact, the second hand 8 causes disturbance energy and tends to rotate.
  • the magnitude of the disturbance energy relates both to imbalance caused by a degree of the unbalanced moment possessed by the second band 8 to the second hand shaft 18, and to the magnitude of inertial moment (inertia) possessed by a rotary body which is comprised of the second hand 8 and train wheels from the rotor 1a of the step motor 1 to the second wheel 3 via the fifth wheel 2.
  • each rotational movement information of the respective components is obtained as time information of its rotation angle.
  • the angular acceleration derived from the above time information is multiplied by the respective inertial moments of the components to measure the produced torque value at a certain time while each of components is moving.
  • the third wheel 4 and after have large reduction gear ratios, which is supposed to have minimal contributions to the driving energy.
  • attention is thus focused on motions of each component of a rotor 1a of the step motor 1 to the second hand 8 via the fifth wheel 2 and the second wheel 3 which are linked together.
  • the amount of driving energy used when each component moves is respectively calculated from a relation between the produced torque value while each component is moving measured by the aforementioned method and its rotation angle.
  • “Equivalent inertial moment” in this description means the idea that the inertial moments (inertia) with consideration of differences of the respective rotation speeds are added on one point to estimate a motion as of the whole rotary mechanism, since the step motor, the train wheels and the hands are all linked together to rotate as described above in a standard analog electronic timepiece.
  • the idea is referred to as “rotor equivalent inertia” from the rotor side, and “had equivalent inertia” from the hand side.
  • J represents a rotor equivalent inertial moment of the whole rotary mechanism
  • ad Jr, J5, J4, and Js respectively represent inertial moments of the rotor, the fifth wheel, the second wheel, and the second hand.
  • Each of numerical values of denominators in each term in this expression of "36" is the squared reduction gear ratio of the fifth wheel to the rotor
  • ad of "900" is the squared reduction gear ratio of the second wheel to the rotor.
  • the holding energy values possessed by various step motors are estimated.
  • a balance weight is hung from the second hand part and then a holding torque is measured from the weight with which the second hand can start to move, on the basis of which the holding energy value is estimated.
  • This method can not accurately estimate owing to the influence of friction and a fitting state.
  • rotational information of the rotor of the step motor during free rotation is obtained as time information of the rotation angle.
  • rotational information of the holding energy value is obtained by calculating the moving energy value of the rotor at a rotational position, on the basis of which the holding energy value is then estimated.
  • E ⁇ 11, E ⁇ 12, and E ⁇ 13 in this table respectively mean ⁇ 10 -11 , ⁇ 10 -12 , and ⁇ 10 -13 .
  • the second hand is driven by a combination of components which are the next smaller size than those of the conventional watch and the same second hand as that of the conventional watch, resulting in the hand moving as well as the conventional one as expected.
  • the holding energy value of the newly made step motor is 154 nJ (nanojoule), which is less than 1 / 2 as compared with 334 nJ of the conventional one, and in addition to the reduction of the rotor equivalent inertial moment J, the input energy which is required to drive the second hand for 1 step substantially decreases from 1450 nJ of the conventional one to 630 nJ.
  • the holding energy value becomes 154 nJ which is less than 1/2 as compared with 334 nJ of the conventional one, the hand in this state can not stand a disturbance energy occurring on receiving an external impact, which causes a had-skip phenomenon.
  • the weight 20 is added to the short hand part 8b of the second hand 8 as shown in Fig. 1, to lessen the moment of the second hand 8 as of the rotary body by a counterbalance system.
  • the second hand of a gents' watch normally has an inertial moment of the order of 2.1 ⁇ 10 -11 kg ⁇ m 2 and a moment of the order of 2.7 ⁇ 10 -9 kg ⁇ m.
  • the weight 20 having a certain inertial moment is provided as a counterbalance on the short hand part 8b of the second hand 8, to correct imbalance of the moment with respect to the second hand shaft 18, and to reduce a disturbance energy occurring at the second hand part, in order to check whether a hand-skip phenomenon can be prevented.
  • hammer tests in conformity to ISO 1413 are carried out to check the presence or absence of a hand-skip phenomenon by actually giving an external impact to each sample of electronic watches.
  • a gents' electronic watch using a normal second hand is designated as Sample 1, and then Sample 2 to 8 of electronic watches, in which the moment correction ratios are gradually increased by elongating the length of the short hand part of the second hand by degrees.
  • the moments of the second hands, the inertial moments (inertia) thereof, the values of the hand equivalent inertial moments, the corrective ratios to Sample 1, which the respective samples have, and the presence or absence of a hand-skip phenomenon as results of the hammer tests are shown in Table 2.
  • the shown' values are results of giving a normal external impact energy in the hammer test I (dropping a hammer onto the sample from the height of 30 cm), and of giving an external impact energy twice as much as that in ,the hammer test I in the hammer test II (dropping the hammer onto the sample from the height of 63 cm).
  • the hammer tests are carried out ten tunes for each condition, and then as results of the tests, X for when a hand-skip occurs at every time, ⁇ for when it sometimes occurs , and ⁇ for when it never occurs, are filled in boxes corresponding to respective tests in Table 2.
  • the weight 20 which is added to the short hand part of the second hand to counterbalance to the degree as above is just , a minute item, which can be realized without spoiling the appearance of the conventional watch. It is noted that the value of the inertial moment Js of the second hand slightly increases by adding the weight 20, but the moving condition stays unchanged, since the influence by the weight 20 to the rotor equivalent inertial moment J is negligible as is obvious from the expression (1).
  • E represents the value of a disturbance energy which occurs at the second hand part
  • v represents a speed of the watch when it performs translational motion by receiving an external impact
  • M represents a moment possessed by the second hand
  • I represents a band equivalent inertial moment.
  • the hand equivalent inertial moment I is the equivalent inertial moment, from the hand side, of the whole rotary body including train wheels for transmission of torque between the band and the rotor of the step motor, which is obtained from the following mathematical expression.
  • I J4+Js+25 ⁇ J5+900 ⁇ Jr
  • Js, J4, J5, and Jr respectively represent inertial moments of the second hand, the second wheel, the fifth wheel, and the rotor
  • each numerical value of "25” is the squared speed increasing ratio of the fifth wheel from the second hand side
  • of "900” is the squared speed increasing ratio of the rotor from the second hand side.
  • round black dots and square black dots respectively represent values of disturbance energies in the hammer tests I, II shown in Table 2, and numerals marked near the respective dots are sample numbers in Table 2.
  • a broken line shows a level where the holding energy Ep possessed by the step motor is 154 nJ shown in a case of the newly made electronic watch in Table 1.
  • the second hand can be held if more than 7 % of moment is corrected to imbalance of the moment possessed by the second hand.
  • the weight 20 having a certain inertial moment is added to the short had part 8b of the second band 8 as a counterbalance (including the short had part that is lengthened or thickened).
  • a weight may be added at least to a part of the second wheel 3 and the pinion 13 which constitute the train wheels between the second hand 8 ad the rotor 1a shown in Fig. 1, at positions corresponding to the short hand part 8b of the second hand 8 with respect to each rotation axis.
  • the second hand 8, the second wheel 3, the pinion 13, and the second hand shaft 18 are linked together to move, in which the unbalanced amount can be thus controlled by each of them separately or by a combination of two or more out of them
  • the moment instead of adding a weight, formation of a thin part, a through hole, or a notch at least in a part of the rotary body comprised of the second hand 8, the second wheel 3, the pinion 13, and the second hand shaft 18, to lessen the moment as of the whole rotary body, can be employed.
  • At least a part of rotary members (wheels and the like) of the rotary body can be formed with a combination of members with different specific gravities from each other in order to lessen the moment as of the whole rotary body.
  • the resultant disturbance energy value that is, the value of the disturbance energy which the step motor receives, can be also made smaller than the holding energy value.
  • the driving energy value which is derived from driving conditions of the hand is first estimated, and components of a rotary body including train wheels are then designed in such a manner to have a rotor equivalent inertial moment J as small as possible while satisfying the estimated value.
  • a surface of a dial is regarded as a world map, not specifically shown, and a second hand, on which a member modeled on a shape of an aircraft is attached in the vicinity of the tip thereof is fabricated to express an image where the aircraft flies around above the map.
  • the values of the inertial moments and the holding energies, which are possessed by the above second band and each component of the rotary body composed of train wheels for rotating the second band, are shown in Table 3, in addition to those of the conventional gents' watch.
  • the inertial moment Js of the above second had increases up to be ,about eight times as large as the conventional gents' watch due to the design added to the second hand, resulting in a fear of influence on a moving behavior.
  • the increment of the rotor equivalent inertial moment J is about 10 % at the maximum, and little variation is found in the actual motion, and also there is little variation in input energy as shown in Table 3.
  • the moment possessed by the second had in this embodiment is about 1.8 ⁇ 10 -8 kg ⁇ m, which is about seven times as large as 2.7 ⁇ 10 -9 kg ⁇ m possessed by a conventional gents' watch.
  • a hand-skip phenomenon occurs on an external impact at the same level as of the conventional one.
  • a reverse transmission preventing gear is provided at a part of wheels which constitute train wheels between the second hand and the rotor of the step motor in order to prevent transmission of a disturbance energy to the step motor.
  • Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are drawings for explaining a motion when the reverse transmission preventing gear is used at least with any one of a pinion 31 (corresponding to any one of the pinions 11, 12 in Fig. 5) and a gear 32 (corresponding to the fifth wheel 2 or the second wheel 3 in Fig. 5) which constitute train wheels between the second bad and the rotor of the step motor in the train wheels structure of an analog three-hand electronic timepiece.
  • a force is normally transmitted by rotation of the pinion 31 in the A direction indicated by an arrow as shown in Fig. 3 to rotate the gear 32 in the B direction indicated by an arrow.
  • the above relation continues from the rotor to the fifth wheel, the second wheel, the third wheel, and so on in due order to thereby transmit the force efficiently.
  • a reverse transmission preventing gear may be used at least at any one place of the pinion of the rotor and the fifth wheel, and the pinion of the fifth wheel and the second wheel. It is noted that a case where the gear 32 rotates to the left when receiving a external impact is explained in Fig. 4, and transmission of the force is prevented similarly to the above in a case of rotating to the right.
  • the above shock test refers to a method of testing in consideration of a rotational impact, which is caused by placing a timepiece in a arbitrary orientation in an empty box and allowing it to fall freely from a predetermined height. It is required that there is no displacement of hands before and after the test.
  • the value of the disturbance energy occurring at the hand is quite small and does not produce a force which achieves a great change in train wheels due to the counterbalance mechanism in a region where the external impact is small, therefore the hand is held.
  • the reverse transmission preventing gear mechanism prevents a force from reverse transmission.
  • the step motor retaining a small holding energy is reliable in use and can surely hold the hand against a wide range of impacts.
  • a mechanism omitting the counterbalance can be employed, if it can ultimately reduce an external impact to have a disturbance energy value smaller than a holding energy value.
  • a shock absorber disposed around a module may absorb an external impact at some midpoint, or the shape and material of a hand may reduce the disturbance energy value itself.
  • components may be mechanically fixed against an external impact, or a structure in which a rock system works only on detecting an external impact, may be employed.
  • the embodiments of the present invention can be also applied to a clock, though only a wristwatch using a step motor as an actuator is described. If anything, in the ease of a clock, an external impact is not as significant as in the case of a wristwatch, so that a holding torque value thereof may be small. A rage of the driving energy required for driving hands is estimated, in which the rotor equivalent inertial moment J is reduced, thereby the power consumption can be substantially reduced.
  • the equivalent inertial moment of the whole rotary body including the hands and train wheels for rotating the hands is reduced. Then the value of the disturbance energy occurring at the hands, caused by an external impact, is reduced to be smaller than the reduced holding energy value.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
EP98900177A 1997-01-08 1998-01-08 Montre electronique analogique Withdrawn EP0950933A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP141697 1997-01-08
JP141697 1997-01-08
JP256997 1997-01-10
JP256997 1997-01-10
PCT/JP1998/000033 WO1998030939A1 (fr) 1997-01-08 1998-01-08 Montre electronique analogique

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EP0950933A1 true EP0950933A1 (fr) 1999-10-20
EP0950933A4 EP0950933A4 (fr) 2000-04-05

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EP98900177A Withdrawn EP0950933A4 (fr) 1997-01-08 1998-01-08 Montre electronique analogique

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EP (1) EP0950933A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP3245181B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1243579A (fr)
WO (1) WO1998030939A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105446118A (zh) * 2015-12-22 2016-03-30 亿科钟表科技（深圳）有限公司 手表机芯及手表

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE69929838T2 (de) 1998-06-11 2006-10-26 Citizen Watch Co., Ltd., Nishitokyo 2-poliger Schrittmotor für Uhrwerk
EP1096342B1 (fr) 1998-07-03 2003-09-17 Citizen Watch Co. Ltd. Horloge electronique analogique
JP4751573B2 (ja) * 2003-12-12 2011-08-17 シチズンホールディングス株式会社 アナログ電子時計
JP6112143B2 (ja) * 2015-06-05 2017-04-12 カシオ計算機株式会社 指針ユニット及び時計
CN105446119B (zh) * 2015-12-22 2019-05-28 亿科钟表科技（深圳）有限公司 手表机芯及手表
JP6506218B2 (ja) * 2016-07-15 2019-04-24 セイコーインスツル株式会社 機構モジュール、ムーブメントおよび時計
CN107300845A (zh) * 2017-05-31 2017-10-27 中山市翔实机械设备有限公司 一种正点报时时钟

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FR2584206A1 (fr) * 1985-06-27 1987-01-02 Lussault Cie Sa Ets Perfectionnement a la construction des aiguilles pour horloges a cadran de grand diametre et structures analogues
US4674891A (en) * 1986-01-31 1987-06-23 By Design Corp. Clock
US4676662A (en) * 1985-12-16 1987-06-30 Chiaki Sekido Large clock driven by solar cell

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JPS553703U (fr) * 1978-06-21 1980-01-11
JPS56142395U (fr) * 1980-03-24 1981-10-27
JPS59124320U (ja) * 1983-02-10 1984-08-21 臼井　国治 指示針
JPS61200953U (fr) * 1985-06-06 1986-12-16
JPH03128889U (fr) * 1990-04-09 1991-12-25
JPH0443992A (ja) * 1990-06-08 1992-02-13 Takatou Seikan Kk 時計針とその製造方法
JPH04315987A (ja) * 1991-04-16 1992-11-06 Seiko Epson Corp アナログ電子時計の輪列構造
JPH0614984U (ja) * 1992-07-24 1994-02-25 シチズン時計株式会社 電子時計の逆伝達防止装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2584206A1 (fr) * 1985-06-27 1987-01-02 Lussault Cie Sa Ets Perfectionnement a la construction des aiguilles pour horloges a cadran de grand diametre et structures analogues
US4676662A (en) * 1985-12-16 1987-06-30 Chiaki Sekido Large clock driven by solar cell
US4674891A (en) * 1986-01-31 1987-06-23 By Design Corp. Clock

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See also references of WO9830939A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105446118A (zh) * 2015-12-22 2016-03-30 亿科钟表科技（深圳）有限公司 手表机芯及手表

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WO1998030939A1 (fr) 1998-07-16
EP0950933A4 (fr) 2000-04-05
JP3245181B2 (ja) 2002-01-07
CN1243579A (zh) 2000-02-02

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