Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
  • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
  • H04N21/442—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed, the storage space available from the internal hard disk
  • H04N21/44213—Monitoring of end-user related data
  • H04N21/44222—Analytics of user selections, e.g. selection of programs or purchase activity
  • H04N21/44224—Monitoring of user activity on external systems, e.g. Internet browsing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
  • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
  • H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs
  • H04N21/44012—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs involving rendering scenes according to scene graphs, e.g. MPEG-4 scene graphs
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
  • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
  • H04N21/258—Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics, processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
  • H04N21/25866—Management of end-user data
  • H04N21/25891—Management of end-user data being end-user preferences
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
  • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
  • H04N21/266—Channel or content management, e.g. generation and management of keys and entitlement messages in a conditional access system, merging a VOD unicast channel into a multicast channel
  • H04N21/2668—Creating a channel for a dedicated end-user group, e.g. insertion of targeted commercials based on end-user profiles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
  • H04N21/45—Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
  • H04N21/4508—Management of client data or end-user data
  • H04N21/4532—Management of client data or end-user data involving end-user characteristics, e.g. viewer profile, preferences
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
  • H04N21/45—Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
  • H04N21/454—Content or additional data filtering, e.g. blocking advertisements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
  • H04N21/45—Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
  • H04N21/454—Content or additional data filtering, e.g. blocking advertisements
  • H04N21/4545—Input to filtering algorithms, e.g. filtering a region of the image
  • H04N21/45455—Input to filtering algorithms, e.g. filtering a region of the image applied to a region of the image
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
  • H04N21/45—Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
  • H04N21/458—Scheduling content for creating a personalised stream, e.g. by combining a locally stored advertisement with an incoming stream; Updating operations, e.g. for OS modules ; time-related management operations
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
  • H04N21/61—Network physical structure; Signal processing
  • H04N21/6106—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the downstream path of the transmission network
  • H04N21/6125—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the downstream path of the transmission network involving transmission via Internet
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
  • H04N21/65—Transmission of management data between client and server
  • H04N21/654—Transmission by server directed to the client
  • H04N21/6547—Transmission by server directed to the client comprising parameters, e.g. for client setup
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
  • H04N21/81—Monomedia components thereof
  • H04N21/812—Monomedia components thereof involving advertisement data
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
  • H04N21/81—Monomedia components thereof
  • H04N21/8146—Monomedia components thereof involving graphical data, e.g. 3D object, 2D graphics
  • H04N21/8153—Monomedia components thereof involving graphical data, e.g. 3D object, 2D graphics comprising still images, e.g. texture, background image
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N7/00—Television systems
  • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
  • H04N7/173—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
  • H04N7/17345—Control of the passage of the selected programme

Definitions

• the present invention relates to systems and methods for inserting images into a video stream in general.
• video services mainly include broadcasting of standard TV programs over the air, through cable systems or via satellite.
• the latter is in the form of digital video.
• Other digital video services are mainly transmitted point-to-point via communication networks such as the telephone system or the
• TV advertising There are two forms of TV advertising. In one, an advertising video clip is shown between portions of a TV show or static images are superimposed on a portion of a screen. In another, bulletin boards of advertisements are seen. The latter is common at sports events where the advertising boards ring the sports arena and are seen both by the spectators at the event and by the viewers seeing the event via TV.
• the advertising boards generally have advertisements thereon of the companies which market in that location.
• the sports event is broadcast by TV, it can be viewed by many other viewers, few of whom are in the locale of the sports event. As a result, the advertisement may be ignored by the viewers.
• the insertion of the images is typically performed at the local broadcasting station and, typically, the images to be inserted are advertisements for local products.
• digital video services exist mainly in the form of TV using direct broadcast from satellite (DBS), such as: directTV in the US, or over the Internet as a downloadable file or as a live stream (using products from Real Networks of the USA or VDOnet of the USA).
• the video stream is mainly uni-directional, from the server machine to the client machine.
• the client has some control over the playback.
• the MediaPlayer of the WINDOWS operating system from Microsoft Corporation of the USA which can be used for playing video streams, has pause/stop, rewind and play controls.
• Advertising on the Internet is limited to messages displayed in fixed areas of the page or text.
• the advertisement is typically in the form of a banner with a fixed message or some sort of animation within the banner is also common.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a method and system which enables a video service provider to personalize the video stream provided to each of its clients according to a priori individual knowledge of its clients
• the present invention generates an user profile from video sequences selected by the user from a video server having a plurality of video sequences stored therein The selected video sequence is personalized according to the user profile, for transmission to the user
• the video server broadcasts the video sequence, accompanied by video parameters for placement of insertable images, to a plurality of users, wherein each user has a matched image storage unit, from which at least one image can be inserted into the video sequence transmitted by the broadcaster
• the system and method also include an image server for generating user profiles and for providing images to each image storage unit based on the user profile
• the personalization includes associating group profiles with images to be implanted, selecting at least one image from among the images to be implanted according to the group profile which most closely matches the user profile and implanting the selected at least one image into the video sequence Moreover, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, all of the personalization can occur in a single processing. Alternatively, the implanting can occur in one processing unit and the association and selection can occur in a second processing unit.
• the present invention can include receiving user feedback in response to the at least one selected and implanted image and providing the user feedback to the video server.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of system for personalizing a video sequence, constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in conjunction with user computers which receive the personalized video sequence;
• Fig. 2 is a block diagram illustration of a personalization system forming part of the system of Fig. 1 ;
• Fig. 3A is a schematic illustration of transformations, useful in understanding the operation of the personalization system of Fig. 2;
• Fig. 3B is a schematic illustration of a permission mask, useful in understanding the operation of the personalization system of Fig. 2;
• Fig. 4 is a block diagram illustration of a personalization module forming part of the personalization system of Fig. 2;
• FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic illustration of mixing operations, useful in understanding the operation of the personalization module of Fig. 4; and Figs. 6 and 7 are schematic illustrations of two alternative systems for personalizing a video sequence in conjunction with user computers which receive the personalized video sequence.
• the present invention is a system for personalizing video based on some
• the personalization can take many forms. It can be an advertisement for
• the personalization can be multiple advertisements.
• the personalization can change over time in response to some or all of the user's
• Fig. 1 generally illustrates the operation of the system of the present invention.
• the personalization system 10 operates on a video server 1 1 and communicates with a multiplicity of user computers or "clients" 12 (two are
• a network of some kind such as a local area network and/or
• the network communication is typically bi-directional, as described hereinbelow.
• the bi-directional communication can also be formed from a
• the requested video sequence is personalized with advertising images whose
• predefined profile the user fits. For example, company A might want to advertise
• the video might include the movement of a person 29 along a street 30 to a building 32.
• the advertisement might be for a drink.
• Fig. 1 shows a drink bottle 34 on one wall 35 of a building along the street, in the monitor labeled 28A.
• the advertisement might be for a sports company.
• Monitor 28B shows a soccer ball 36 on wall 35.
• both users view the same video but each receives a different advertisement, personalized by their user profile. It will be appreciated that the two users can view different video sequences but the implanted images that they will receive are a function of their profile.
• the user computer 12 typically includes a video unit 14. Such a unit is similar to the REALVIDEO video application manufactured by Real Networks with which a user communicates with a video server and which receives and displays a video stream.
• Each user's profile is typically created and updated based on his or her input.
• the input can be in answer to a questionnaire, it can be gathered from the user's responses to the advertising images previously implanted in his personalized video sequence, it can be based on the user's address on the network or any other fact about the user which the server 11 has the ability to gather.
• the user computer 12 also includes a pointing device 16, such as a mouse, a trackball, a touch screen, etc. with which the user can point to objects on the screen.
• the operating system of the user computer 12 monitors the cursor movements and selections of the user and provides the location to which the user pointed to all of the applications on the computer, including the video unit 14.
• Video unit 14 compares the location received from the operating system with the area or specific pixel locations of the implanted image, as provided from the video server 11. The data from the server 11 is described in more detail hereinbelow. If the user, once he views the personalized video, indicates the implanted image using pointing device 16, video unit 14 can transmit an indication of this fact, including the name associated with the object, to the video server 11.
• the video server 11 typically responds to the user's request and the user identifier 20 (Fig. 2) uses this information to update the user's profile.
• the video server 11 can also gather information regarding the responses of its users to the various advertising images which the personalization system 10 implants. This information is valuable feedback to the companies about the quality of their advertisements and/or products.
• FIG. 2 illustrates the system of the present invention
• Fig. 4 details elements of the system of Fig. 2 and to Figs. 3A, 3B and 5 which are useful in understanding the operation of the system of Fig. 2.
• the personalization system 10 comprises a user identifier 20, a user database 21 , an object storage unit 22, a video controller 24, a video analyzer 25 and a plurality of video personalization modules 26, one per user currently receiving a video stream.
• the user identifier 20 operates to identify the client or some aspect of the client.
• the user identifier 20 acquires the identifying information once the communication between the user and the server has been initiated.
• the login procedure can include questions which the user must answer from which the user identifier 20 builds a profile of the user or it can simply ask the identification of the user.
• the former is common as part of setting up a subscription with the video server. The latter is common once the user is a subscriber to the service.
• the user identifier 20 After logging in, the user identifier 20 then provides the user's profile to the object storage unit 22 which, in turn, compares the user's profile to a set of profiles predefined by the advertisers for each of their advertising images or sets of images.
• the object storage unit 22 selects the closest stored profile.
• the profiles typically group users by any desired characteristic, or set of characteristics, of the user, such as residential area, family data, hobbies, sex, etc. or based on the user's previous requests.
• Fig. 2 shows the same example display as Fig. 1 , where a young user receives a drink advertisement and a soccer fan receives a soccer advertisement.
• Another method for identifying the user utilizes the handshaking information, which uniquely identifies the computer 12 to the server. For example, when a computer 12 accesses the video server via the Internet, the computer 12 has to indicate the Internet Protocol (IP) address at which computer 12 is connected to the Internet.
• IP Internet Protocol
• user identifier 20 can determine the approximate geographic location of the
• the user identifier 20 provides the object storage unit 22 with the user
• the object storage unit 22 stores the various images to be inserted into
• the personalized data can be a single image to be inserted multiple times and/or a set of images to be inserted within the video at different times.
• personalized data includes a name for each image to be inserted as well as a schedule of when and for how long to implant each image.
• object storage unit 22 determines
• the object storage unit 22 If there are more than one set of images associated with the matched group profile, the object storage unit 22
• object storage unit 22 can update
• Video controller 24 selects a video sequence for each user in response to
• the video sequence can either be a stored or a real-time one.
• video controller 24 also receives video parameters from video analyzer 25 defining how to implant the images. As described hereinbelow, the video analyzer
• Object storage unit 22 and video controller 24 both provide their output to
• the personalized data such as a set of advertisements, associated with the user's group and the names associated with each image to be implanted and
• video controller 24 provides the selected video and the associated video
• each personalization module 26 receives a user's requested video, the personalized data to be implanted therein and the video parameters.
• Fig. 2 also shows the output of the two modules 26, assuming
• the images of the personalized data are designed "flat", with no perspective in them.
• One such image 37 is shown in Fig. 3A.
• the images of the personalized data are designed "flat", with no perspective in them.
• One such image 37 is shown in Fig. 3A.
• the images of the personalized data are designed "flat", with no perspective in them.
• One such image 37 is shown in Fig. 3A.
• the images of the personalized data are designed "flat", with no perspective in them.
• the video analyzer 25 analyzes each frame of the video stream to determine the viewing angle of the camera towards the surface on which the
• video analyzer 25 has a flat model
• Analyzer 25 finds the surface within each frame of the video
• FIG. 3A shows two surfaces, two implants 39 to be implanted thereon and the resultant
• Video analyzer 25 also determines which elements of the frame are
• the foreground elements and which are background elements.
• the person 29 is a foreground element and the walls 35 and building 32 are background elements.
• the background / foreground information is described by a "permission mask" which marks the pixel frame over which the
• Fig. 3B illustrates a permission mask 43 for the video frame
• Fig. 2 where the hatching marks areas where implantation is allowed.
• the permission mask 43 indicates that the area of person 29 (Fig. 2) is the only
• the personalization modules 26 use each transformation T to transform,
• the flat images 39 of the personalized data into perspective images 41 whose perspective matches that of the surface on which the images are to be implanted.
• the personalization modules 26 then implant the perspective images 41 into the background of the current frame, thereby producing a personalized frame which is transmitted to the user's computer 12.
• the personalization modules 26 also attach data about the area or pixels of the frame where the implanted perspective image is to be found and a name for the implanted perspective image.
• Fig. 4 details one video personalization module 26. It comprises a personalized data storage unit 38, an image adapter 40, a video personalization scheduler 42 and a mixer 44.
• the personalized data storage unit 38 receives the personalized data for the personalization module 26 and provides a selected image from the personalized data when indicated to do so by the scheduler 42.
• the scheduler 42 receives a predefined schedule, which is associated with the personalized data, of when and where to insert an image of the personalized data and for how long.
• the schedule is prepared in advance, typically according to advertising considerations. Some advertisers will pay for many minutes of insertion while others will pay for minimal amounts.
• the schedule defines when, and for how long, each image will be displayed.
• the scheduler 42 also indicates onto which section of the surface the personalized data is to be implanted.
• the scheduler 42 receives a timing signal by which it measures the passage of time, starting from the moment the personalization module 26 first receives the video stream.
• the scheduler 42 provides an image selection signal to the storage unit 38 which furnishes the selected image to the image adapter 40.
• the scheduler 42 provides a location signal to the image adapter 40 to indicate onto which section of the surface, if there are more than one, to implant the selected image.
• Image adapter 40 also receives the transformation and location parameters from the video controller 24 (Fig. 2). Using these parameters, image adapter 40 transforms the flat selected image into one with the perspective of the current frame, as discussed hereinabove with respect to Fig. 3A. Since the image is typically much smaller than a frame, image adapter 40 places the perspective image in the proper location within a blank frame.
• Figs. 5A and 5B show two adapted images 49A and 49B, with the two perspective images of Fig. 3A in their respective locations within the frame. The hatched portions 50 of Figs. 5A and 5B remain blank; only the image portions 52 of Figs. 5A and 5B contain image data.
• Image adapter 40 can be any suitable image adapter which can perform the adaptation described hereinabove. Two such image adapters are described in U.S. 5,491 ,517 and WO 97/12480. The two applications also describe suitable mixers 44.
• Image adapter 40 also defines the space within which the adapted image is placed. This typically is a bounding box around the adapted selected image which describes where, in the frame, the adapted image is placed.
• Mixer 44 mixes the adapted image produced by frame adapter 40 with the current frame of the video stream to create one frame ("a personalized frame") of a personalized video stream.
• Mixer 44 typically uses the permission mask 43 (Fig. 3B) and the adapted images 49A and 49B (Figs. 5A and 5B) to control the mixing process. Wherever the permission mask 43 indicates the presence of the background, implantation can occur.
• the mixer 44 provides the personalized frame with data of the original frame only if the adapted images 49A and 49B is blank for that pixel. Wherever the adapted images 49A and 49B has image data and the permission mask 43 allows implantation, mixer 44 mixes the image data with the data of the original frame. Mixer 44 can just replace the original frame data with the image data or it can blend the two, or it can perform any desired other mixing operation.
• Mixer 44 also transmits the name associated with the implanted image and some indication of its location in the frame. The indication is typically based on the bounding box of the adapted image, as determined by the image adapter 40. However, mixer 44 determines if there are any foreground elements which are superimposed over the implanted image and how this affects the shape of the implanted image.
• the indication produced by the mixer is an outline of the area within which the implanted image sits or a listing of the pixels which include the implanted image. This information is transmitted together with the personalized frame.
• the indication can be used by the video unit 14 (Fig. 1) to determine whether or not the user has indicated the implanted image with his pointing device 16.
• the present invention provides personalized video streams based on a priori information about a user.
• Shown here is a system with a video server, with a plurality of personalization modules, connected to a plurality of clients via a data network.
• the personalization module can reside on the client side of the network.
• the video server 11 has a personalization preparation system 60 which is similar to the personalization system 10 but it does not include any personalization modules 26.
• the latter reside in each of the user computers 12 and are referenced 62.
• the video server 11 transmits the requested video sequences along with the video parameters and the personalized data to the user computer 12.
• the individual personalization modules 62 create the personalized videos therefrom, typically "on-the-fly".
• the video sequences can be broadcast, or multi-cast, irrespective of the users requests.
• the video server 11 has the personalization preparation system 60 but only transmits one video sequence and its video parameters at a time to the network.
• Each user computer has a video personalization module 62, as in the previous embodiment; however, in this embodiment, the modules 62 store the personalized data for a significant period of time (in the personalized data storage unit 38 of Fig. 4). Periodically, the personalized data is updated, as indicated by the dashed lines of Fig. 7.
• the personalization is, once again, according to the individual preferences of the users. These preferences can be provided to the personalization preparation system 60 via any of the methods described hereinabove.
• the personalization modules 62 can reside in the user computers 12 or, if the network is that of cable or satellite television, in a local "set-top" box which provides output to a user television.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Multimedia (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
• Social Psychology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Computer Graphics (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Marketing (AREA)
• Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
• Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)

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• 1997
  • 1997-11-13 IL IL12219497A patent/IL122194A0/xx unknown
• 1998
  • 1998-11-09 AU AU10511/99A patent/AU1051199A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-11-09 EP EP98952997A patent/EP0950318A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1998-11-09 WO PCT/IL1998/000545 patent/WO1999026415A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation

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