EP0949134B1 - Device for contactlessly measuring the temperature of bearings of running trackbound vehicles - Google Patents

Description

The invention has a device for non-contact Measuring the temperature of bearings of moving rail-bound Vehicles, in particular passenger and / or Goods traffic with an infrared measuring to the object.

The service life of rail-bound vehicles, such as locomotives, motor coaches, passenger and freight cars extraordinary due to the large distances to cover high, so that the maintenance condition of such vehicles especially high standard. Further, the speed freight trains to over 120 km / h and passenger trains over 200 km / h has been increased. These increased speeds cause a big increase in the load, as the forces increase with the square of the speed and thus the Bearings but also the brakes of a wagon or traction vehicle subject to increased heating. The railbound Traffic of persons and goods in general has the Advantage on that the railways to the center of a Residential area or industrial area, in these cases, for example in the transport of dangerous goods, particularly high safety requirements the vehicles are placed.

However, the regular inspection of vehicles can do not make sure that after a long, for example Operating time of a wagon no jamming of a brake or none Overuse of a warehouse is present. In this overuse of bearings and brakes becomes kinetic energy converted into heat and it may be due to the lower Strength at elevated temperature, for example, to break an axle or a wheel tire come so that a Derailment occurs, especially in the transport of dangerous goods but also in tunnels and underground Routes can be particularly momentous. For the safety of To increase transport on railways, it is known before Entrance route to a residential or industrial area but also in front the entrance of a tunnel or an underground track, Use infrared measuring devices that measure the temperature of wheels, Measuring brake discs and bearings and when exceeding one predetermined temperature via an electronic evaluation device a signal, for example to the nearest station, leave so that the train either stopped and the wagon excreted or if the temperature increase only slightly is continued at reduced speed to the destination can be. Measurement of temperature increased Stress underlying constructive parts must be normal Speed be performed to the required ensure short travel times for people and goods can, as braking and acceleration operations of a train due to the high masses large periods of time required do. The infrared ray measuring devices thus become high demands. Such devices are state technology and reject a detector, for example: HgCd, HgTe, InSb, PbSe or a combination of such semiconductors on. In order to enable a measurement, the detector must be placed on a predetermined temperature are kept below the Ambient temperature has to lie. As an electrical supply such systems is required and the energy consumption is not important for the cooling of the detector, prefers a cooling according to the Peltier effect Commitment. As a rule, the detector in the track superstructure becomes such be appropriate that a mechanical damage, for example caused by the train, is certainly avoided. The heated parts radiate heat in every direction and it is required that of the moving at high speed Parts of the measuring point infrared rays with a possible high intensity can be detected. As a rule, does not exist the ability to place the detectors with their axis directly on the heated component, but it will be the one of the heated component outgoing heat rays over a Infrared lens or collector bundled and a mirror, which usually rotates in its plane to any Throw off dirt particles, directed to the detector. Of the Measuring process as such is by a wheel counter, which before the infrared measuring section is arranged, initiated, so it is the infrared meter is activated and if the train is the test section has left, again deactivated. In that the number of Axes is determined, each measurement can be a specific Axis be assigned, whereby an accurate identification of the damaged or overstressed construction parts easy is possible. To determine the temperature, it is necessary that as far as possible those infrared rays reach the detector, which correspond to the highest temperatures. It is here various arrangements known.

From EP 0 265 538 A1 a method and a Device for non-contact measurement of brake temperature known by passing railroad cars, the axis a measuring device is directed obliquely upward, so that this Measuring device successively the temperature of a wheel rim and determines the temperature of a brake disc, since the infrared rays, which sent out by the two construction parts be successively act on the detector. at In this device, the detector is far out of the track arranged, further provided no deflection of the beams is what the distance of the detector from the measuring design elements must be kept large, so that the overall sensitivity of the system is greatly reduced because the intensity of the infrared ray with the square of the Distance decreases.

EP 0 265 417 A1 discloses a further device known, which should take into account the fact that the movement of a wagon inside the rails not is rectilinear, but there is a so-called sinusoidal, the means that the structural parts to be measured differ horizontal distance to the original position of the rail and thus may have to the measuring device, whereby a larger Area must be detected. To achieve this goal are appropriate Lenses provided. It is also proposed that the To divide detector into individual detector elements, the can be acted upon by the radiation in succession, causing temperatures in the individual areas of the warehouse can be determined. Such a measuring device has the disadvantage on that with a setting of the device not the bearings the different constructions of rail vehicles can be detected. A further development of this device is described in EP 0 457 752, in which the axis of the Objective by changing the angular position of a mirror can be pivoted, so that even from each other distant points emanating infrared rays of a measurement can be subjected. The disadvantage here is that such a Mirror must be moved very quickly to get in the short available time to different measuring points to capture. Such a device has a particularly high technical effort, while at the same time to ensure operational safety to maintain an increased maintenance is given.

From EP 0 604 389 A1, a further device for non-contact Measuring the temperature at bearings known, wherein Several infrared optics are provided which are different To be directed to a warehouse, and those of these bodies outgoing infrared rays via the infrared optics to an in his angular position changeable mirror to a common Detector be forwarded. Again, this is an elevated one constructive and maintenance effort given to the for Railway systems required high operational safety guarantee.

In EP 0 041 178 A1 a device for detecting is inadmissible heated components described on moving railway cars. Task in this patent application is the increase in temperature the axle box, the brake pads and the wheel limit at to determine the same wheel. This is the temperature of the axle bearing either vertically below the axle box or at an angle measured outside of it. Essential in this measuring device is that there is a device which, although different Has infrared optics, but over a common Evaluation device features. This has the disadvantage that no measurements can take place at the same time.

The present invention has for its object to provide a device for non-contact measurement of the temperature of bearings to create rail-bound vehicles that are capable of Temperature measurements on vehicles of all types perform, which has a high reliability, if possible has little moving parts and allows long measuring times.

The inventive device for non-contact measurement the temperature of bearings of moving rail vehicles, in particular passenger and / or freight traffic with a computer, wherein on the track at least one axle and / or Wheel sensor seen in the direction of travel in front of an infrared measuring device with several infrared optics pointing to the one to be measured Object are directed and their axes directed to the camp include a different angle with the horizontal, is arranged, consists essentially in that at least two Infrared optics on one, in particular arranged in each case on both, track outer side (s) are, which differ from each other normal distances Rail have and each infrared optics own detector is assigned and in the beam paths of the to be measured Bearing up to the respective detectors, related to the inclination the axes of the infrared optics, in only one position fixed infrared optical elements, in particular mirrors, prisms od. Like., Are arranged. By the or arranged on the track Sensor (s) for wheels and / or axles on the one hand a count of the axes and on the other hand, the infrared measuring device via a signal from the standby state in the measuring state can be set. For example, a Cover of the infrared optics eliminated and the like. More. Thereby, that at least two infrared optics on a track outside, in particular on both outer sides of the track, are arranged and Each infrared optics is assigned a separate detector, a can so wide range of possible arrangements of bearings be detected that the bearings of all so far in use located vehicles subjected to a temperature measurement can be. It can be detected both bearings that covered laterally or from below by construction elements are. Characterized in that in the beam path none, based on the infrared optical axis, movable mirrors, prisms od. Like. Provided are on the one hand, an exact determination possible, where Furthermore, no maintenance required by these elements are, so that the required high reliability is given. Furthermore, by the independent arrangement of infrared optics belonging to an infrared measuring device Alone assigned detectors are ensured that the Detectors brought as close to the point to be measured be such that a high accuracy and reproducibility of Measurements is guaranteed.

Is the infrared measuring at least one axis and / or Wheel sensor before and preferably after the same in Direction seen, adjacent, so can the for evaluation Measured data are significantly reduced, so that the Security for displaying defects can be substantially increased can.

Are the detectors of Infrarotmeßeinrichtungen over a multiplexer alternately connected to the computer, so can take measurements with multiple detectors during transport times the bearings or axes are made via the sensors, whereby on the one hand the number of data and on the other hand the security the measurements is increased.

At least one of the infrared measuring device is adjacent Axle and / or wheel sensor permanently connected to the computer, such is an exact capture of all axles or wheels ensured.

Are the infrared optics and the detectors in one, arranged in particular multipart, housing, so may a particularly simple installation of the infrared measuring carried out where are the electrical supply and also electrical transmission of signals with particularly low Effort is given.

Assign the normal projections of the bearings to the camp Axes of the infrared optics on the track level to the direction of travel different angles on, so can especially easy optimization between as short as possible Beam path and the largest possible metrology to be reached.

Are the axes directed to the bearing of the infrared optics skewed to each other, it is ensured that of the two infrared optics common measuring points largely can be excluded.

Closes an axis of infrared optics directed to the bearing with the track plane a right angle, so can all of these bearings are detected by measurement with this infrared optics which have no constructive covers at the bottom, Furthermore, the shortest possible beam path for the given to be measured infrared rays.

Closes an axle directed to the bearing Infrared optics with a vertical to the track level one Angle of 10 ° to 20 °, in particular of 15 °, a, so can with This infrared optics also determines the temperature of bearings which are covered down over construction parts are, where by the inclination of the axes as low as possible Run the infrared rays are reached from the camp to the detector can.

In the following the invention with reference to the drawings explained in more detail.

Fig. 1 ein Gleis mit Meßstrecke,

Fig. 2 die Anordnung von zwei Infrarotoptiken mit Detektoren in der Ansicht von vorne,

Fig. 3 und 4 die Anordnung von zwei Infrarotoptiken in der Sicht von oben,

Fig. 5 ein Blockschaltbild,

Fig. 6 und 7 den zeitlichen Verlauf der aufgezeichneten Temperaturen.

Shown schematically in each case:

1 is a track with test section,

2 shows the arrangement of two infrared optics with detectors in the front view,

3 and 4, the arrangement of two infrared optics in the view from above,

5 is a block diagram,

6 and 7 show the time course of the recorded temperatures.

In the track 1 shown in Fig. 1 with ballast track Wheel sensors 2 are arranged, which via a Calculator the switching and detection device 3 with the actual Infrared measuring device 4 are connected, and this at Passing a train in or out of standby mode. So be z. B. the infrared optics released. This infrared measuring device 4 has two outside of the rails 5 of the track 1 Infrared optics 6 and 7, which are used to determine hot Brake discs or brake shoes and rail wheels serve. Outside the rails are also the infrared optics 8, 9 arranged to determine the temperature of bearings serve. Immediately adjacent before and after the infrared measuring device 4 sensors 15 are arranged for axles and wheels, which initiate and complete the infrared measurement for each axis.

All infrared optics and detectors for they are arranged in a multi-part housing, the between two rail fastenings, in particular sleepers, is arranged. In a ballast bed, the housing is in one Threshold arranged together with the sensors 15.

The infrared measuring device shown schematically in Fig. 2 to 4 has detectors 12, rotating infrared mirrors 13 and infrared collecting lens 14. The infrared optics is otherwise rigidly arranged. In the illustration in Fig. 2 covers the front Detector with associated facilities the view of the arranged behind it, so that only one detector is visible. Due to the inclined positions of the mirror 13, the perpendicular to the track plane e or inclined to the vertical incident Infrared rays directed towards the bearing Axes 10 and 11, which are perpendicular to the track plane e or at an angle α to the vertical v, for own detector 12 are routed, so that the entire height such a device can be kept low and no additional recesses in the track superstructure for the admission the measuring device are required. Each infrared optics 8, 9 is assigned a separate detector 12.

Before and after the infrared measuring device 4 with the Infrared optics 8, 9 are provided in the direction of travel x sensors 15, the recording of the actual measurement process initiate or terminate. As can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4, For example, the optics 8, 9 of the infrared measuring devices 4 can either as shown in Fig. 3, in parallel or as shown in Fig. 4, inclined to each other and also with a different angle be arranged enclosing the driving direction x. The mirrors 13 direct the infrared rays emanating from the camps on the detectors 12. Due to the different distance of the Mirror 13 to the rail 5 and their different inclination to Verticals can measure at different heights in the Vehicles are detected, which also covered down Bearings can be subjected to a measurement. In wind schist Arrangement of the axes is detected a still further area.

The method of operation is based on the block diagram explained in more detail according to FIG. The two detectors 12 of Infrared measuring devices 4 are provided by the wheel sensors 2, the 20 m before and 20 m after the infrared measuring arranged are, brought about the switching device 16 in readiness for measurement. There are thus covers of the lenses and the mirrors removed, the mirrors set in rotation and the like. More. By the other sensors 15, z. B. induction coils, which constantly are connected to the computer 3, the outputs of the Infrared measuring device with the detectors 12 via the switching device 17 connected to the multiplexer 18, via the Analog / digital converter 19 alternately one of the two detectors 12 with the central evaluation system, u. between a computer 3, combines. The frequency of switching from a detector to the other is 50 kHz, so that while driving by of a warehouse in half a second of both Detectors of the measuring process is performed several times.

The diagrams shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 have lines a, b, c and d on. In the line a is the Passing a wheel axle at the sensors 15 with a peak indicated immediately adjacent to the infrared measuring devices are so that both are connected to the computer 3 alternately are. The curves b and c indicate the temperatures in the measuring ranges contrary. In Fig. 6, the curve b to the difference from the curve c a lower temperature swing, and it the curve c is used for further evaluation in the computer. The height of the peaks shows the deviation from the Ambient temperature.

In Fig. 7, the measurement result of a wagon is eight Axes are shown, and here again the higher temperature values present at the curve c.

Through the curve a, which is continuously recorded is the identification of the axes (by a peak displayed) and thus given to the wagons, whereas by the Curves b and c when a given value is exceeded indicate unwanted warming. The unwanted warming are thus recorded and can be exceeded a predetermined threshold value, for example for triggering an optical and / or acoustic signal, for example in the service building, or can be used automatically the next signal for the train to stop become. The curves d in Figs. 6 and 7 indicate that the Wheel rim temperature is below a threshold.

The temperature profile of different areas of a bearing, of the rim, etc. is determined by the various Detectors 12 are measured, which via the multiplexer 18 and the Analog / digital converter 19 are connected to the computer 3. Per Detector made 600 measurements in the mean time, in which a warehouse passes a detector at 180 km / h. These measurements are detected, determined, stored and used in a computer Taxes used.

Claims (9)

1. Device for contactlessly measuring the temperature of bearings of running trackbound vehicles, in particular of passenger and/or goods traffic with a computer (3), wherein on the track (1), at least one axle and/or wheel sensor (2), viewed in the direction of travel (x), is arranged in front of an infrared measuring apparatus (4) with a plurality of infrared optical systems (8, 9), which are directed onto the bearing to be measured and the axes (10, 11) of which, directed toward the bearing, enclose different angles with the horizontal, wherein at least two infrared optical systems (8, 9) are to be arranged on one, in particular both, respective track outer side(s) which have normal spacings, which differ from one another, from the rail, wherein each infrared optical system (8, 9) is allocated its own detector (12) and arranged in the beam paths from the bearing to be measured up to the respective detectors (12), based on the inclination of the axes of the infrared optical system, are infrared optical system elements fixed exclusively in only one position, in particular mirrors, prisms or the like.
2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one axle and/or wheel sensor (15) is adjacent to the infrared measuring apparatus (4), in front of and preferably after said infrared measuring apparatus, viewed in the direction of travel (x).
3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the detectors (12) of the infrared measuring apparatus (4) are connected in an alternating manner to the computer (3) via a multiplexer (18).
4. Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that at least one axle and/or wheel sensor (15) adjacent to the infrared measuring apparatus (4) is constantly connected to the computer (3).
5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the infrared optical systems (8, 9) and the detectors (12) are arranged in an, in particular, multipart housing.
6. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the normal projection of the axes of the infrared optical systems, which are directed toward the bearing, onto the track plane (e), with respect to the direction of travel (x) have different angles from one another (Fig. 4).
7. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the axes (10, 11) of the infrared optical systems, which are directed toward the bearing, are skew with respect to one another.
8. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that one axis (10) of an infrared optical system, which is directed toward the bearing, encloses a right angle with the track plane (e) (Fig. 2).
9. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that one axis (10) of an infrared optical system, which is directed toward the bearing, encloses an angle (α) of 10° to 20°, in particular about 15° with a vertical (v) to the track plane (e).

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