EP0947605B1 - Process for increasing the corrosion resistance of a metallic workpiece and workpiece - Google Patents
Process for increasing the corrosion resistance of a metallic workpiece and workpiece Download PDFInfo
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- EP0947605B1 EP0947605B1 EP99100999A EP99100999A EP0947605B1 EP 0947605 B1 EP0947605 B1 EP 0947605B1 EP 99100999 A EP99100999 A EP 99100999A EP 99100999 A EP99100999 A EP 99100999A EP 0947605 B1 EP0947605 B1 EP 0947605B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of surface treatment of metallic workpieces to increase the corrosion resistance of a such workpiece.
- the invention relates to a method to increase the corrosion resistance of a metallic workpiece by coating the workpiece with a material which has higher corrosion resistance with regard to the workpiece, the application of the coating to the workpiece by way of a Blasting process takes place in which grains with a spherical as the abrasive Habitus can be used.
- the invention further relates to a workpiece, coated by such a method.
- Metallic workpieces made in different ways can be, for example, by a casting or forging process coated on the surface to increase their corrosion resistance. This applies in particular to all FE metals, but can also apply to non-ferrous metals, such as aluminum alloys.
- the corrosion resistance of such a metallic workpiece can by different coatings are increased, both chemical as well as physical coating processes can be used. there come among other things vapor deposition or atomization processes as well as covering the workpieces in gases or components containing liquids. In many cases, one such material can also be galvanically coated. To perform Such a coating process requires the metallic Workpieces to be cleaned prior to coating to keep them from previous Machining residues, such as scale or lubricant residues to free.
- the physical Nature such as a cleaning blast or chemical nature, such as a Can be pickled.
- a cleaning blast or chemical nature, such as a Can be pickled.
- abrasive and chemical cleaning processes used.
- non-ferrous metals such as cast aluminum or forgings undergo a chemical cleaning process after their manufacture Pickling, which usually follows the final step of thermosetting then subjected to the removal of manufacturing residues.
- Pickling usually follows the final step of thermosetting then subjected to the removal of manufacturing residues.
- the in-line manufactured workpieces are made in Repackaged baskets and then fed to a pickling bath.
- pickling agents from ecological Not harmless for reasons, as residues from these baths a not inconsiderable amount of sludge has to be disposed of.
- one upstream of the pickling abrasive cleaning blasting can be provided, for example at Workpieces made of aluminum alloys not on a subsequent one Pickling can be dispensed with because it adheres to the surface of the workpiece Abrasive residue the corrosion resistance of such a workpiece affect.
- JP-A 61 006 283 a process for rust protection treatment a metallic insert that is used for installation in vibration protection rubber blocks is used for machine assembly. coated is this metallic insert, which usually consists of a hard metal, such as steel, with a corrosion-resistant Material such as zinc or lead.
- the coating of such Use is carried out by means of a blasting process, with zinc or lead coated steel balls can be used as blasting media. Due to the impact ("impact force") of the coated steel balls on the The surface of the insert will change as a result of moving between the Surface of the steel balls and the zinc or Lead coating defined parting surface parts of the coated material of the steel balls and due to the kinetic energy of the Steel balls connected to the surface of the insert. In this way the insert is coated with a corrosion-resistant layer.
- the invention then exists that the grains of abrasive used completely from the coating material, which has a lower hardness than the hardness of the workpiece, exist and the process parameters for performing the blasting in such a way be adjusted that due to the impact of the abrasive grains on the surface of the workpiece this surface is cleaned, a restructuring or reshaping of the outer boundary layer of the Workpiece and thus the installation of a residual pressure is carried out and the irradiated surface of the workpiece with that caused by the impact the abrasive grains are formed on the surface of the workpiece Material abrasion of the grains of the abrasive is coated.
- the workpiece is coated according to the invention by Blasting the workpiece surface, the process parameters of Blasting process (e.g .: abrasive grain, abrasive grain shape, abrasive grain composition, Blasting agent throughput, blasting duration and Beam intensity) are coordinated so that, on the one hand with respect to the workpiece to be coated is provided by the blasting a restructuring of the surface of the workpiece forming areas or a reshaping of the grain boundaries in these areas takes place.
- the material is the abrasive grains of such a nature that it has only such abrasion resistance have that by blasting the workpiece surface on the An abrasion of abrasive material is distributed approximately evenly over the surface accumulates.
- This abrasion goes with his Accumulation on the workpiece surface by continuous blasting a physical structure connection with the workpiece. After completion the blasting process is the workpiece with the abrasion material the abrasive grains are coated. This process can therefore be used as application blasting be designated. Since the invention provides that the material of the abrasive grains and thus the abrasion of the same has a higher corrosion resistance than the material of the Workpiece, is the workpiece after the end of this blasting process coated with a more corrosion-resistant material.
- the blasting process according to the invention is not just cleaning the workpiece surface but also a coating at the same time the same is done with a more corrosion-resistant material. thats why only one for the entire cleaning and coating process Method step, namely that of the blasting according to the invention necessary to a coated with a more corrosion-resistant layer To manufacture the workpiece.
- a specialist in the field of radiation is used to different Workpieces to be blasted depending on the desired ones Workpiece requirements include cleaning or tension blasting to carry out with very different beam process parameters.
- Such a specialist usually determines the beam process parameters in test series.
- a specialist does the same in the method according to the present invention, in which it easily by a series of tests depending on the material of the workpiece and the other requirements placed on it necessary parameters for performing the invention Blasting process determined. It would be beyond the scope of these statements therefore exceed specific information on the beam process parameters to make for the multitude of possible workpiece abrasive constellations.
- the abrasive grains should be dependent of their normal potential in relation to that of the surface of the Workpiece own normal potential must be selected, with the normal potential difference between the material of the surface of the workpiece and the abrasion material of the abrasive grains as far as possible is low. With a very high normal potential difference, appropriate environmental conditions a potential between the two Form materials, the material with the lower Normal potential can be damaged by its property as a sacrificial anode can.
- the workpiece according to the invention stands out, as from the description clarifies the method according to the invention, characterized in that the cleaning and coating process in a single blasting process has been carried out.
- a layer connection of the workpiece is provided, so that on using additional, establishing a connection Fabrics can be dispensed with.
- Such a structural connection is expediently a cold weld, so that a permanent Connection between the more corrosion-resistant top layer and is given to the workpiece.
- FIG. 1 shows an enlarged schematic section of a cross section through the regions of a workpiece 1 near the surface. which has been coated by a blasting process with a layer 2 which is more corrosion-resistant than the material of the workpiece 1.
- the region of the workpiece 1 near the surface, which has been restructured or solidified by the blasting process, is identified in the figure by the reference number 3.
- an AlMgSi alloy was used as the material of the workpiece with a Brinell hardness (HB) of about 100.
- HB Brinell hardness
- the workpiece was cooled down subjected to the blasting process according to the invention.
- an abrasive spherical abrasive grains were used, made of an AlMg alloy exist and have a hardness between 50 and 70 HB to have.
- the uncoated workpiece 1 is inserted into a blasting chamber and blasted in it with the abrasive mentioned above.
- the beam process parameters have been chosen so that the near-surface Area 3 is restructured to give residual compressive stress and that when the abrasive grains hit the surface of the Workpiece 3 is a grit abrasion, which is also caused by the a cold-welded joint immediately after the abrasive particles with the surface of the workpiece.
- the duration of the blasting process depends on after the abrasion resistance of the Abrasive grains, so that the blasting process is provided until a uniform coating of the workpiece 1 by the abrasive grit 2 is done.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf das Gebiet der Oberflächenvergütung von metallischen Werkstücken zur Erhöhung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit eines solchen Werkstückes. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Erhöhen der Korrosionsbeständigkeit eines metallischen Werkstückes durch Beschichten des Werkstückes mit einem Material, welches bezüglich des Werkstückes eine höhere Korrosionsbeständigkeit aufweist, wobei der Auftrag der Beschichtung auf das Werkstück im Wege eines Strahlvorganges erfolgt, bei dem als Strahlmittel Körner mit einem kugeligen Habitus eingesetzt werden. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Werkstück, beschichtet nach einem solchen Verfahren.The invention relates to the field of surface treatment of metallic workpieces to increase the corrosion resistance of a such workpiece. In particular, the invention relates to a method to increase the corrosion resistance of a metallic workpiece by coating the workpiece with a material which has higher corrosion resistance with regard to the workpiece, the application of the coating to the workpiece by way of a Blasting process takes place in which grains with a spherical as the abrasive Habitus can be used. The invention further relates to a workpiece, coated by such a method.
Metallische Werkstücke, die auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise hergestellt sein können, etwa durch ein Guß- oder Schmiedeverfahren werden zur Erhöhung ihrer Korrosionsbeständigkeit oberflächlich beschichtet. Dies trifft insbesondere für alle FE-Metalle zu, kann aber auch bei NE-Metallen, wie etwa Aluminiumlegierungen gewünscht sein. Die Korrosionsbeständigkeit eines solchen metallischen Werkstückes kann durch unterschiedliche Beschichtungen erhöht werden, wobei sowohl chemische als auch physikalische Beschichtungsvorgänge verwendet werden. Dabei kommen unter anderem Aufdampfungs- oder Zerstäubungsverfahren ebenso zum Einsatz wie das Überziehen der Werkstücke aus in Gasen oder Flüssigkeiten enthaltenden Bestandteilen. In vielen Fällen kann ein solcher Werkstoff auch galvanisch beschichtet werden. Zum Durchführen eines solchen Beschichtungsprozesses ist es notwendig, die metallischen Werkstücke vor der Beschichtung zu reinigen, um diese von vorangegangen Bearbeitungsrückständen, etwa Zunder oder Schmiermittelrückstände zu befreien. In Abhängigkeit von dem metallischen Werkstück und dem zur Herstellung des Werkstückes verwendeten Verfahren werden für eine solche Reinigung unterschiedliche Verfahren angewendet, die physikalischer Natur, etwa ein Reinigungsstrahlen oder chemischer Natur, etwa ein Beizen sein können. Mitunter kommen auch kombinierte abrasive und chemische Reinigungsverfahren zum Einsatz. Metallic workpieces made in different ways can be, for example, by a casting or forging process coated on the surface to increase their corrosion resistance. This applies in particular to all FE metals, but can also apply to non-ferrous metals, such as aluminum alloys. The corrosion resistance of such a metallic workpiece can by different coatings are increased, both chemical as well as physical coating processes can be used. there come among other things vapor deposition or atomization processes as well as covering the workpieces in gases or components containing liquids. In many cases, one such material can also be galvanically coated. To perform Such a coating process requires the metallic Workpieces to be cleaned prior to coating to keep them from previous Machining residues, such as scale or lubricant residues to free. Depending on the metallic workpiece and the Methods used to manufacture the workpiece are for a such cleaning applied different methods, the physical Nature, such as a cleaning blast or chemical nature, such as a Can be pickled. Sometimes there are also combined abrasive and chemical cleaning processes used.
Insbesondere NE-Metalle, wie etwa Aluminiumguß- oder Schmiedestücke werden nach ihrer Fertigung einem chemischen Reinigungsvorgang durch Beizen, der sich üblicherweise an den abschließenden Schritt des Warmaushärtens anschließt, zum Entfernen von Herstellungsrückständen unterworfen. Zu diesem Zweck werden die In-Line-gefertigten Werkstücke in Körbe umgepackt und anschließend einem Beizbad zugeführt. Eine solche Handhabung hat zum einen fertigungstechnische Nachteile zur Folge, da dieser letzte Schritt im allgemeinen nicht in eine In-Line-Fertigung eingebunden ist. Zum anderen ist der Einsatz von Beizmitteln aus ökologischen Gründen nicht unbedenklich, da als Rückstände aus diesen Bädern eine nicht unbeträchtliche Menge an Schlämmen entsorgt werden muß. Auch wenn die beim Beizen entstehende Schlammenge dadurch reduzierbar ist, daß in dem Reinigungsprozeß ein dem Beizen vorgeschaltetes abrasives Reinigungsstrahlen vorgesehen sein kann, so kann etwa bei Werkstücken aus Aluminiumlegierungen nicht auf ein anschließendes Beizen verzichtet werden, da auf der Oberfläche des Werkstückes anhaftende Strahlmittelreste die Korrosionsbeständigkeit eines solchen Werkstückes beeinträchtigen.In particular non-ferrous metals, such as cast aluminum or forgings undergo a chemical cleaning process after their manufacture Pickling, which usually follows the final step of thermosetting then subjected to the removal of manufacturing residues. For this purpose, the in-line manufactured workpieces are made in Repackaged baskets and then fed to a pickling bath. Such Handling results in manufacturing disadvantages since this last step is generally not involved in in-line production is. On the other hand, the use of pickling agents from ecological Not harmless for reasons, as residues from these baths a not inconsiderable amount of sludge has to be disposed of. Even if this reduces the amount of sludge generated during pickling is that in the cleaning process one upstream of the pickling abrasive cleaning blasting can be provided, for example at Workpieces made of aluminum alloys not on a subsequent one Pickling can be dispensed with because it adheres to the surface of the workpiece Abrasive residue the corrosion resistance of such a workpiece affect.
Zur Begegnung dieses Nachteils sind Verfahren entwickelt worden, bei denen eine Beschichtung eines solchen Werkstückes im Wege eines Strahlprozesses erfolgt. Ein solches Verfahren ist beispielsweise in US-A 3 754 976 offenbart. Bei dem in diesem Dokument beschriebenen Verfahren wird die zu beschichtende Oberfläche einem Strahlprozeß unterworfen, bei dem Glaskügelchen als Strahlgut zusammen mit einem Metallpulver die zu beschichtende Oberfläche beaufschlagen. Methods have been developed to counter this disadvantage which a coating of such a workpiece in the way of a Blasting process takes place. Such a method is described, for example, in US-A 3,754,976. The procedure described in this document the surface to be coated is subjected to a blasting process, with the glass spheres as blasting material together with a metal powder apply to the surface to be coated.
JP-A 61 006 283 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Rostschutzbehandlung eines metallischen Einsatzes, das für den Einbau in Vibrationsschutz-Gummiblöcke für eine Maschinenmontage verwendet wird. Beschichtet wird dieser metallische Einsatz, der üblicherweise aus einem harten Metall, beispielsweise Stahl besteht, mit einem korrosionsbeständigen Material, beispielsweise Zink oder Blei. Die Beschichtung eines solchen Einsatzes erfolgt im Wege eines Strahlvorganges, bei dem mit Zink oder Blei beschichtete Stahlkügelchen als Strahlmittel eingesetzt werden. Durch den Aufprall ("impact force") der beschichteten Stahlkugeln auf die Oberfläche des Einsatzes werden sich infolge der sich zwischen der Oberfläche der Stahlkügelchen und der darauf befindlichen Zink- oder Bleibeschichtung definierten Trennfläche Teile des beschichteten Materials der Stahlkugeln ablösen und infolge der kinetischen Energie der Stahlkugeln mit der Oberfläche des Einsatzes verbunden. Auf diese Weise wird der Einsatz mit einer korrosionsbeständigen Schicht überzogen. JP-A 61 006 283 a process for rust protection treatment a metallic insert that is used for installation in vibration protection rubber blocks is used for machine assembly. coated is this metallic insert, which usually consists of a hard metal, such as steel, with a corrosion-resistant Material such as zinc or lead. The coating of such Use is carried out by means of a blasting process, with zinc or lead coated steel balls can be used as blasting media. Due to the impact ("impact force") of the coated steel balls on the The surface of the insert will change as a result of moving between the Surface of the steel balls and the zinc or Lead coating defined parting surface parts of the coated material of the steel balls and due to the kinetic energy of the Steel balls connected to the surface of the insert. In this way the insert is coated with a corrosion-resistant layer.
Die erfindung besteht dann daß die Körner des eingesetzten Strahlmittels vollständig aus dem Beschichtungsmaterial, welches eine geringere Härte als die Härte des Werkstückes aufweist, bestehen und die Prozeßparameter zum Durchführen des Strahlens dergestalt eingestellt werden, daß infolge des Auftreffens der Strahlmittelkörner auf die Oberfläche des Werkstückes diese Oberfläche gereinigt wird, eine Umstrukturierung oder Umformung der äußeren Randschicht des Werkstückes und somit der Einbau einer Druckeigenspannung erfolgt und die bestrahlte Oberfläche des Werkstückes mit dem durch den Aufprall der Strahlmittelkörner auf der Oberfläche des Werkstückes entstehenden Materialabrieb der Körner des Strahlmittels beschichtet wird. The invention then exists that the grains of abrasive used completely from the coating material, which has a lower hardness than the hardness of the workpiece, exist and the process parameters for performing the blasting in such a way be adjusted that due to the impact of the abrasive grains on the surface of the workpiece this surface is cleaned, a restructuring or reshaping of the outer boundary layer of the Workpiece and thus the installation of a residual pressure is carried out and the irradiated surface of the workpiece with that caused by the impact the abrasive grains are formed on the surface of the workpiece Material abrasion of the grains of the abrasive is coated.
Die erfindungsgemäße Beschichtung des Werkstückes erfolgt durch Strahlen der Werkstückoberfläche, wobei die Prozeßparameter des Strahlvorganges (z.B.: Strahlmittelkörnung, Strahlmittelkornform, Strahlmittelkornzusammensetzung, Strahlmitteldurchsatz, Strahldauer und Strahlintensität) dergestalt aufeinander abgestimmt sind, daß zum einen bezüglich des zu beschichtenden Werkstückes vorgesehen ist, daß durch das Strahlen eine Umstrukturierung der die Oberfläche des Werkstückes bildenden Bereiche bzw. eine Umformung der Korngrenzen in diesen Bereichen stattfindet. Zum anderen ist das Material der Strahlmittelkörner von einer solchen Beschaffenheit, daß diese nur eine solche Abriebfestigkeit aufweisen, daß sich durch Strahlen der Werkstückoberfläche auf der Oberfläche etwa gleichmäßig über diese verteilt ein Abrieb von Strahlmittelkörnermaterial ansammelt. Dieser Abrieb geht gleichzeitig mit seiner Anlagerung an der Werkstückoberfläche durch kontinuierliches Strahlen eine physikalische Gefügeverbindung mit dem Werkstück ein. Nach Beendigung des Strahlprozesses ist das Werkstück mit dem Abriebmaterial der Strahlmittelkörner beschichtet. Dieses Verfahren kann daher als Auftragsstrahlen bezeichnet werden. Da erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen ist, daß das Material der Strahlmittelkörner und somit auch der Abrieb derselben eine höhere Korrosionsbeständigkeit aufweist als das Material des Werkstückes, ist das Werkstück nach Beendigung dieses Strahlprozesses mit einem korrosionsbeständigerem Material beschichtet.The workpiece is coated according to the invention by Blasting the workpiece surface, the process parameters of Blasting process (e.g .: abrasive grain, abrasive grain shape, abrasive grain composition, Blasting agent throughput, blasting duration and Beam intensity) are coordinated so that, on the one hand with respect to the workpiece to be coated is provided by the blasting a restructuring of the surface of the workpiece forming areas or a reshaping of the grain boundaries in these areas takes place. On the other hand, the material is the abrasive grains of such a nature that it has only such abrasion resistance have that by blasting the workpiece surface on the An abrasion of abrasive material is distributed approximately evenly over the surface accumulates. This abrasion goes with his Accumulation on the workpiece surface by continuous blasting a physical structure connection with the workpiece. After completion the blasting process is the workpiece with the abrasion material the abrasive grains are coated. This process can therefore be used as application blasting be designated. Since the invention provides that the material of the abrasive grains and thus the abrasion of the same has a higher corrosion resistance than the material of the Workpiece, is the workpiece after the end of this blasting process coated with a more corrosion-resistant material.
Die Verwendung eines Strahlvorganges, bei welchem eine gewisse Umstrukturierung der die Oberfläche des Werkstückes bildenden Bereiche oder auch Teile davon zur Folge hat, wobei derartige Umstrukturierungen zu einer Verfestigung der oberflächennahen Bereiche des Werkstückes führen, erhöhen auch die Dauerstandsfestigkeit eines solchen ggf. dynamisch beanspruchten Werkstückes. Durch dieses Strahlen, welches auch einem Spannungsstrahlen gleich kommt, wird in das Werkstück eine oberflächige Druckspannung eingebracht. Eine solche Verdichtung wirkt sich auch günstig auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit des Werkstückes aus.The use of a blasting process in which a certain restructuring the areas forming the surface of the workpiece or parts thereof, with such restructuring to solidify the near-surface areas of the workpiece lead, also increase the fatigue strength dynamically if necessary stressed workpiece. Through this radiance, which also is equal to a beam of tension into the workpiece superficial compressive stress introduced. Such compression works also favorably affect the corrosion resistance of the workpiece.
Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Strahlvorgang ist nicht nur eine Reinigung der Werkstückoberfläche sondern auch gleichzeitig eine Beschichtung derselben mit einem korrosionsbeständigerem Material erfolgt. Daher ist für den gesamten Reinigungs- und Beschichtungsprozeß lediglich ein einziger Verfahrensschritt, nämlich derjenige des erfindungsgemäßen Strahlens notwendig, um ein mit einer korrosionsbeständigeren Schicht versehenes Werkstück herzustellen.The blasting process according to the invention is not just cleaning the workpiece surface but also a coating at the same time the same is done with a more corrosion-resistant material. thats why only one for the entire cleaning and coating process Method step, namely that of the blasting according to the invention necessary to a coated with a more corrosion-resistant layer To manufacture the workpiece.
Ein auf dem Gebiet des Strahlens tätiger Fachmann ist gewohnt, für unterschiedlich zu strahlende Werkstücke in Abhängigkeit von den gewünschten Anforderungen an das Werkstück ein Reinigungs- oder Spannungsstrahlen mit ganz unterschiedlichen Strahlprozeßparametern durchzuführen. Die Strahlprozeßparameter ermittelt ein solcher Fachmann üblicherweise in Versuchsreihen. Entsprechend verfährt ein Fachmann auch bei dem Verfahren gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung, bei welchem er ohne weiteres durch eine Versuchsreihe in Abhängigkeit von dem Material des Werkstückes und den übrigen an dieses gestellten Anforderungen die notwendigen Parameter zum Durchführen des erfindungsgemäßen Strahlprozesses ermittelt. Den Rahmen dieser Ausführungen würde es daher überschreiten, konkrete Angaben zu den Strahlprozeßparametern für die Vielzahl möglicher Werkstück-Strahlmittelkonstellationen zu machen.A specialist in the field of radiation is used to different Workpieces to be blasted depending on the desired ones Workpiece requirements include cleaning or tension blasting to carry out with very different beam process parameters. Such a specialist usually determines the beam process parameters in test series. A specialist does the same in the method according to the present invention, in which it easily by a series of tests depending on the material of the workpiece and the other requirements placed on it necessary parameters for performing the invention Blasting process determined. It would be beyond the scope of these statements therefore exceed specific information on the beam process parameters to make for the multitude of possible workpiece abrasive constellations.
Es hat sich gezeigt, daß bei einer Verwendung einer AlMgSi-Legierung aus der das Werkstück hergestellt ist, ein Strahlmittel aus Aluminium oder aus einer AlMg-Legierung als Strahlmittel geeignet ist, wobei die Härte der Strahlmittelkörner etwa die Hälfte der Härte der Werkstücklegierung entspricht.It has been shown that when using an AlMgSi alloy from which the workpiece is made, an abrasive made of aluminum or made of an AlMg alloy is suitable as an abrasive, the hardness of the Abrasive grains correspond to approximately half the hardness of the workpiece alloy.
Zur Gewährleistung einer langlebigen höheren Korrosionsbeständigkeit des metallischen Werkstückes sollten die Strahlmittelkörner in Abhängigkeit von ihrem Normalpotential in Bezug auf das der Oberfläche des Werkstückes eigenen Normalpotential ausgesucht sein, wobei die Normalpotentialdifferenz zwischen dem Material der Oberfläche des Werkstückes und dem Material des Abriebs der Strahlmittelkörner möglichst gering ist. Bei einer sehr hohen Normalpotentialdifferenz kann sich bei entsprechenden Umgebungsbedingungen ein Potential zwischen den beiden Materialien ausbilden, wobei dasjenige Material mit dem geringeren Normalpotential durch seine Eigenschaft als Opferanode beschädigt werden kann.To ensure long-lasting higher corrosion resistance of the metallic workpiece, the abrasive grains should be dependent of their normal potential in relation to that of the surface of the Workpiece own normal potential must be selected, with the normal potential difference between the material of the surface of the workpiece and the abrasion material of the abrasive grains as far as possible is low. With a very high normal potential difference, appropriate environmental conditions a potential between the two Form materials, the material with the lower Normal potential can be damaged by its property as a sacrificial anode can.
Soll das Werkstück mit einer möglichst hohen Druckspannung versehen werden, ist es zweckmäßig, kugelige Strahlmittelkörner - wie beim sogenannten Shot-peening - vorzusehen.Should the workpiece be provided with the highest possible compressive stress , it is advisable to use spherical abrasive grains - as with the so-called Shot peening - to be provided.
Das erfindungsgemäße Werkstück zeichnet sich, wie aus der Beschreibung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren verdeutlicht, dadurch aus, daß der Reinigungs- und Beschichtungsvorgang in einem einzigen Strahlprozeß ausgeführt worden ist. Zur Verbindung der Deckschicht mit der verdichteten Schicht des Werkstückes ist eine Gefügeverbindung vorgesehen, so daß auf einen Einsatz von zusätzlichen, eine Verbindung herbeiführenden Stoffen verzichtet werden kann. Eine solche Gefügeverbindung stellt sich zweckmäßigerweise als Kaltschweißung dar, so daß eine dauerhafte Verbindung zwischen der korrosionsbeständigeren Deckschicht und dem Werkstück gegeben ist.The workpiece according to the invention stands out, as from the description clarifies the method according to the invention, characterized in that the cleaning and coating process in a single blasting process has been carried out. To connect the top layer with the compacted A layer connection of the workpiece is provided, so that on using additional, establishing a connection Fabrics can be dispensed with. Such a structural connection is expediently a cold weld, so that a permanent Connection between the more corrosion-resistant top layer and is given to the workpiece.
Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich, soweit nicht bereits erwähnt,
aus den übrigen Unteransprüchen sowie aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung
eines Ausführungsbeispieles unter Bezug auf die beigefügte
Figur 1. Figur 1 zeigt in einer Vergrößerung schematisiert einen Ausschnitt
eines Querschnittes durch die oberflächennahen Bereiche eines
Werkstückes 1, welches durch einen Strahlprozeß mit einer gegenüber
dem Material des Werkstückes 1 korrosionsbeständigeren Schicht 2 beschichtet
worden ist. Der oberflächennahe Bereich des Werkstückes 1,
der durch den Strahlvorgang umstrukturiert bzw. verfestig worden ist, ist in
der Figur mit dem Bezugszeichen 3 gekennzeichnet.Unless already mentioned, further advantages of the invention result from the remaining subclaims and from the following description of an exemplary embodiment with reference to the attached FIG. 1. FIG. 1 shows an enlarged schematic section of a cross section through the regions of a workpiece 1 near the surface. which has been coated by a blasting process with a
In einem ersten Beispiel wurde als Material des Werkstückes eine AlMgSi-Legierung mit einer Brinellhärte (HB) von etwa 100 verwendet. Nach Durchlaufen einer üblichen In-Line-Herstellung, die mit dem Schritt des Wärmeaushärtens beendet war, wurde das Werkstück nach seiner Abkühlung dem erfindungsgemäßen Strahlprozeß unterworfen. Als Strahlmittel wurden kugelige Strahlmittelkörner eingesetzt, die aus einer AlMg-Legierung bestehen und eine Härte zwischen 50 und 70 HB aufgewiesen haben.In a first example, an AlMgSi alloy was used as the material of the workpiece with a Brinell hardness (HB) of about 100. To Going through a common in-line manufacturing process that starts with the step of When heat curing was complete, the workpiece was cooled down subjected to the blasting process according to the invention. As an abrasive spherical abrasive grains were used, made of an AlMg alloy exist and have a hardness between 50 and 70 HB to have.
Bei der Gegenüberstellung der beiden Aluminiumlegierungen - des Werkstückes und des Strahlmittels - wird deutlich, daß die Korrosionsbeständigkeit der als Strahlmittel verwendeten AlMg-Legierung deutlich höher ist als diejenige, der für das Werkstück verwendeten AlMgSi-Legierung. Aus der Beschaffenheit der beiden Legierungen wird ferner deutlich, daß die für das Werkstück verwendete Legierung wesentlich einfacher be- und verarbeitbar ist, als die für die Strahlmittelkörner vorgesehene Legierung. Daher ist es zweckmäßig, für das Werkstück eine solche Legierung vorzusehen, die leicht bearbeitbar ist, welches Werkstück dann durch den nachfolgend beschriebenen Strahlprozeß zur Erzielung der gewünschten Korrosionsbeständigkeit beschichtet wird.When comparing the two aluminum alloys - the workpiece and the abrasive - it becomes clear that the corrosion resistance the AlMg alloy used as the abrasive is significantly higher than that of the AlMgSi alloy used for the workpiece. Out The nature of the two alloys also shows that the alloy used for the workpiece much easier and can be processed as the alloy intended for the abrasive grains. It is therefore expedient to provide such an alloy for the workpiece, which is easy to machine, which workpiece is then cut through the the blasting process described below to achieve the desired Corrosion resistance is coated.
Das unbeschichtete Werkstück 1 wird in eine Strahlkammer eingesetzt
und in dieser mit dem oben genannten Strahlmittel gestrahlt. Dabei sind
die Strahlprozeßparameter so gewählt worden, daß der oberflächennahe
Bereich 3 zur Verleihung einer Druckeigenspannung umstrukturiert wird
und daß beim Auftreffen der Strahlmittelkörner auf die Oberfläche des
Werkstückes 3 ein Strahlmittelkornabrieb entsteht, der auch durch die
unmittelbar nachfolgend auftreffenden Strahlmittelkörner eine Kaltschweißverbindung
mit der Oberfläche des Werkstückes eingeht. Die
Dauer des Strahlprozesses richtet sich u.a. nach der Abriebfestigkeit der
Strahlmittelkörner, so daß der Strahlprozeß solange vorgesehen ist, bis
eine gleichmäßige Beschichtung des Werkstückes 1 durch den Strahlmittelkornabrieb
2 erfolgt ist.The uncoated workpiece 1 is inserted into a blasting chamber
and blasted in it with the abrasive mentioned above. Are there
the beam process parameters have been chosen so that the near-
Zur Überprüfung der höheren Korrosionsbeständigkeit eines auf diese
Weise hergestellten Werkstückes wurden entsprechend gestrahlte Bauteile
(= Probe) einem Salzsprühtest bis 400 Stunden unterzogen. In gleicher
Weise wurden ungestrahlte und nur gebeizte Bauteile (= Referenz)
behandelt. Nach der Behandlung zeigten die Bauteile deutlich unterschiedliche
Korrosionsangriffe. Zur Auswertung wurde den Bauteilen an
drei verschiedenen Bereichen Schnittproben von ca. 30 mm Breite entnommen,
die anschließend unter einem Stereomikroskop ausgewertet
worden sind. Das Ergebnis dieser Untersuchung ist in der nachfolgenden
Tabelle wiedergegeben:
Eine weitere Untersuchung wurde unter Verwendung einer AlMgSiCu-Legierung
als Werkstück durchgeführt, welche Legierung eine Brinellhärte
von etwa 130 aufweist. Als Strahlmittel wurde das bereits oben beschriebene
Strahlmittel (AlMg-Legierung) verwendet. Das Ergebnis dieser Untersuchung
ist in der nachfolgenden Tabelle wiedergegeben:
Beiden Untersuchungen lag jeweils ein Referenzwerkstück zugrunde, welches aus demselben Material besteht, aus dem auch die Werkstücke der beiden Proben hergestellt waren. Die Referenzproben wurden zu ihrer Oberflächenreinigung gebeizt. Die verwendeten Aluminiumlegierungen wurden zur Erhöhung ihrer Korrosionsbeständigkeiten nicht beschichtet. Die Ergebnisse der durchgeführten Untersuchungen zeigen deutlich, daß die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren gestrahlten Werkstücke-hier Querlenker - bei einer Korrosionsbeständigkeitsprüfung nicht nur eine erheblich geringere Anzahl an Angriffen pro Flächeneinheit [A] aufweisen, sondern daß deren maximale Eingriffstiefen (Pittingtiefe [xmax]) ebenfalls deutlich verringert sind. Dies wird sowohl deutlich an der maximale Pittingtiefe sowie an der durchschnittlichen Pittingtiefe [xQ].Both investigations were based on a reference workpiece, which consists of the same material from which the workpieces of the two samples were made. The reference samples were pickled to clean their surfaces. The aluminum alloys used were not coated to increase their corrosion resistance. The results of the investigations carried out clearly show that the workpieces blasted using the method according to the invention - here control arms - not only have a considerably smaller number of attacks per unit area [A] in a corrosion resistance test, but that their maximum engagement depths (pitting depth [x max ]) are also significantly reduced. This is evident both from the maximum pitting depth and from the average pitting depth [x Q ].
Weitere, hier nicht näher dargestellte Versuche haben gezeigt, daß zum erfindungsgemäßen Beschichten einer AlMgSi- bzw. AlMgSiCu-Legierung auch Strahlmittelkörner aus reinem Aluminium verwendet werden können, um sowohl eine ausreichende Umstrukturierung des oberflächennahen Bereiches des Werkstückes als auch die gewünschte korrosionsbeständigere Beschichtung hervorrufen zu können. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren läßt sich auf eine Vielzahl von NE-Legierungen und auch auf FE-Legierungen anwenden. Further experiments, not shown here, have shown that for Coating an AlMgSi or AlMgSiCu alloy according to the invention abrasive grains made of pure aluminum can also be used, to both adequate restructuring of the near-surface Area of the workpiece as well as the desired more corrosion-resistant To be able to cause coating. The method according to the invention can be used on a variety of non-ferrous alloys and also on FE alloys apply.
- 11
- Werkstückworkpiece
- 22
- Korrosionsbeständigere Beschichtung - StrahlmittelkörnerabriebMore corrosion-resistant coating - abrasive grit abrasion
- 33
- Umstrukturierter oberflächennaher Bereich des WerkstückesRestructured area of the workpiece near the surface
Claims (7)
- Method of increasing the corrosion resistance of a metallic workpiece (1) by coating the workpiece with a material (2), which has a higher corrosion resistance than the workpiece (1), the coating being applied to the workpiece (1) by a blasting operation, wherein grains of a spherical appearance are used as the blasting shots, characterised in that the grains of the blasting shot used are formed completely from the coating material which has a lower hardness than the hardness of the workpiece (1), and the process parameters for accomplishing the blasting are set in such a manner that, as a consequence of the blasting shot grains encountering the surface of the workpiece (1), this surface is cleaned, a restructuring or reshaping of the external edge layer (3) of the workpiece (1) is accomplished, and hence a residual compressive stress is introduced, and the blasted surface of the workpiece (1) is coated with the material wear of the grains of the blasting shot, such wear being produced by the impact of the blasting shot grains on the surface of the workpiece (1).
- Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the surface of the workpiece (I) is blasted with a blasting shot, the normal potential difference between the material of the surface of the workpiece (1) and that of the wear (2) of the blasting shot grains being as small as possible or zero.
- Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the workpiece (1) is formed from an AlMgSi alloy or an AlMgSiCu alloy, and the blasting shot grains are formed from aluminium or an AlMg alloy.
- Metallic workpiece, coated with a material which has a higher corrosion resistance than the material, and produced by the method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the workpiece (1) is formed from an AlMgSi alloy or an AlMgSiCu alloy, and the layer (2), formed by the material coating, is formed from pure aluminium or an AlMg alloy, the Al alloy of the coating being more corrosion-resistant than the Al alloy of the workpiece (1).
- Workpiece according to claim 4, characterised in that the external edge regions (3) have a compressive stress because of a reshaping process and a compression process, and in that the surface of the workpiece (1) is coated with a cover layer (2) which is joined to said surface by a structural join.
- Workpiece according to claim 4, characterised in that the structural join between the workpiece surface and the cover layer (2) is a cold weld.
- Workpiece according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the workpiece (1) is a transverse link, produced from an Al alloy, for an automotive vehicle.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19814218A DE19814218A1 (en) | 1998-03-31 | 1998-03-31 | Process for increasing the corrosion resistance of a metallic workpiece and workpiece |
| DE19814218 | 1998-03-31 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0947605A1 EP0947605A1 (en) | 1999-10-06 |
| EP0947605B1 true EP0947605B1 (en) | 2002-08-21 |
Family
ID=7862990
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99100999A Expired - Lifetime EP0947605B1 (en) | 1998-03-31 | 1999-01-21 | Process for increasing the corrosion resistance of a metallic workpiece and workpiece |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0947605B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE222612T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19814218A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2182406T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5258098A (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1993-11-02 | Cycam, Inc. | Method of production of a surface adapted to promote adhesion |
| US10687956B2 (en) | 2014-06-17 | 2020-06-23 | Titan Spine, Inc. | Corpectomy implants with roughened bioactive lateral surfaces |
| TWI726940B (en) | 2015-11-20 | 2021-05-11 | 美商泰坦脊柱股份有限公司 | Processes for additively manufacturing orthopedic implants |
| WO2018026448A1 (en) | 2016-08-03 | 2018-02-08 | Titan Spine, Llc | Titanium implant surfaces free from alpha case and with enhanced osteoinduction |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2618572A (en) * | 1950-11-25 | 1952-11-18 | Northrop Aircraft Inc | Method for impact plating |
| DE1287402B (en) * | 1964-06-16 | 1969-01-16 | Huettenwerk Oberhausen Ag | Process for applying metallic corrosion protection layers on steel surfaces |
| US3754976A (en) * | 1971-12-06 | 1973-08-28 | Nasa | Peen plating |
| DE3003045A1 (en) * | 1980-01-25 | 1981-07-30 | Zschimmer, Gero, 8000 München | Coating of workpieces via gas jet contg. materials - used esp. to adjust the oscillation frequency of quartz crystals, or to coat polymers with embedded particles |
| JPS592747B2 (en) * | 1980-12-26 | 1984-01-20 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | Metal alloy powder for projection plating and projection plating method |
| JPS57140872A (en) * | 1981-02-24 | 1982-08-31 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | Projection plating method |
| BR8201279A (en) * | 1982-03-10 | 1983-11-01 | J C Hempel S Skibsvarfe Fabrik | PROCESS AND COMPOSITION TO CLEAN METAL SURFACES AND PROTECT THEM AGAINST CORROSION |
| JPS59150085A (en) * | 1983-02-17 | 1984-08-28 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Production of zinc coated steel material |
| JPS616283A (en) * | 1984-06-20 | 1986-01-11 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | Rust preventive treatment of metallic fitting for vibration-proof rubber |
| JP2963272B2 (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 1999-10-18 | 同和鉄粉工業株式会社 | Projection material for mechanical plating and mechanical plating method using the same |
| US5456628A (en) * | 1992-10-08 | 1995-10-10 | Csabai; Julius S. | Use of specular hematite as an impact material |
| FR2710866B1 (en) * | 1993-10-08 | 1995-12-29 | Entrepose Montalev | Method and installation for cleaning coated parts. |
| JP3365887B2 (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 2003-01-14 | 株式会社不二機販 | Room temperature diffusion / penetration plating method |
| NL1004157C1 (en) * | 1996-10-01 | 1998-04-02 | Vms Holding Ag | Method and device for applying a layer of protective metal by means of blasting. |
-
1998
- 1998-03-31 DE DE19814218A patent/DE19814218A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-01-21 EP EP99100999A patent/EP0947605B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-21 DE DE59902392T patent/DE59902392D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-01-21 AT AT99100999T patent/ATE222612T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-21 ES ES99100999T patent/ES2182406T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59902392D1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
| ES2182406T3 (en) | 2003-03-01 |
| EP0947605A1 (en) | 1999-10-06 |
| DE19814218A1 (en) | 1999-10-14 |
| ATE222612T1 (en) | 2002-09-15 |
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