EP0945589B1 - Méthode de conduite d'une installation de production d'hydrocarbures - Google Patents

Méthode de conduite d'une installation de production d'hydrocarbures Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0945589B1
EP0945589B1 EP99400689A EP99400689A EP0945589B1 EP 0945589 B1 EP0945589 B1 EP 0945589B1 EP 99400689 A EP99400689 A EP 99400689A EP 99400689 A EP99400689 A EP 99400689A EP 0945589 B1 EP0945589 B1 EP 0945589B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
well
production
action
wells
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP99400689A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0945589A1 (fr
Inventor
Pierre Lemetayer
Michel Casagrande
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Elf Exploration Production SAS
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Elf Exploration Production SAS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
    • E21B43/122—Gas lift

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of driving a hydrocarbon production plant in the form of oil and gas, comprising several wells, a pressurized well activation gas network, a network hydrocarbon product collector and a downstream processing unit hydrocarbons produced.
  • all oil wells include a production column that connects the bottom of the well located at the level of hydrocarbon reservoir, at a wellhead located at its upper part.
  • the production column defines with the casing forming the wall of the well, an annular space.
  • the production column is connected to a pipeline equipped with a hydrocarbon flow sensor produced and a choke oil outlet that adjusts the flow of hydrocarbons produced.
  • a known procedure for driving such a well operated according to the mode eruptive is to enslave the flow of hydrocarbons produced by this well to a setpoint or to enslave the position of the oil outlet choke to a value opening deposit.
  • a well operated in the activated mode by injection of gas from a pressurized gas network further comprises an annular isolation seal to its bottom end, gas injection valves arranged at intervals optimized along the production column, a gas injection pipe in the annular space provided with an adjusting nozzle of the injected gas flow.
  • the injected gas has the effect of lightening the hydrocarbons circulating in the production column which facilitates their return to the wellhead.
  • a procedure for driving a well operated in the activated mode by injection of gas is described in the document FR 2 672 936. This procedure consists in acting simultaneously on the oil outlet choke and on the control choke the flow of gas injected to regulate the flow of hydrocarbons produced as a function of the value of physical quantities measured by sensors, such as the pressure and the temperature of the hydrocarbons upstream of the oil outlet choke, the pressure in the annular space or the flow of gas injected into the well.
  • a well operated in the activated mode by a pumping device immersed understands as the wells operated according to the other two modes, a pipe equipped with an oil outlet connected to the upper part of the production column, plus another pipeline connected to the upper part of the annular space, equipped with a gas ventilation choke. This trick allows regulate the flow of ventilation gas, that is to extract the excess gas from the well free under thermodynamic conditions downhole.
  • Such a well further comprises, at the bottom a submerged pump, driven by an electric motor powered by a frequency converter, which allows raise the hydrocarbons from the bottom of the well to the wellhead by the column of production.
  • a procedure for driving a well operated according to the mode activated by a submerged pumping device is described in French Patent Application No. 98 01782 of 13.02.1998.
  • This procedure consists of adjusting the oil flow produced to act simultaneously on the oil exit and gas vent chucks and on the speed of the electric motor, depending on the pressures upstream of the two the intensity absorbed by the electric motor and of physical magnitudes indicators of well production such as downhole pressure, temperature or oil output flow from the well.
  • US-A-4,685,522 discloses a piston well production system in which the well is controlled by a control device of the production of the according to various measured parameters.
  • the control device has the capacity to measure in a regular, cyclic way the various parameters of flow / pressure / temperature of one or more wells and to control the operations based directly on the use of commanded values in pre-programmed algorithms in the processor and the result of calculations and decisions of the processor. This allows a direct, continuous operation of the well to operate a production optimum of an individual well or a whole well field based on actual operating conditions.
  • Each of these control procedures operates according to one or several physical quantities specific to the controlled well. They do not hold account of the state of operation of the other wells, or the behavior of the network activation gas common to all wells activated by gas injection, such as resulting from a gas deficit resulting from a decrease in availability or an excess consumption and the behavior of the hydrocarbon gathering network products, nor the behavior of the downstream processing unit, which are common to all the wells.
  • Another procedure implemented for the operation of a well operated according to the mode activated by gas injection known as the procedure of dynamic gas allocation, makes it possible to limit the effect of disturbances on the pressure of the injection gas network.
  • This procedure consists in allocating a flow of activation gas at each well, calculated based on available activation gas in the network and the gas sensitivity of each well.
  • An operating incident on a well may, through the common facilities, create disturbances on part or all of the other wells and lead to a total shutdown of the facilities.
  • the object of the present invention is precisely to remedy these disadvantages in proposing a method of conducting an installation of production of hydrocarbons in the form of oil and gas, comprising several wells, a hydrocarbon collection network produced, a downstream unit for the treatment of hydrocarbons produced, a method that takes into account the operating conditions of all wells and the evolution of physical quantities representative of the operation of the various elements of the installation.
  • the method of the invention also makes it possible to drive an installation of production of hydrocarbons additionally comprising a network of wells activated by gas injection.
  • the method of the invention is applicable both for starting and stop the wells only to drive them after startup.
  • the invention proposes a method of conducting an installation hydrocarbon production process in the form of oil and gas, including several wells, a hydrocarbon collection network produced, a downstream treatment unit produced hydrocarbons, said network and said downstream unit comprising sensors measurements of physical quantities representative of their operation, each well being controlled according to an individual procedure using parameters of editable control and data representative of the operating status of the controlled well, the method being characterized in that it consists in modifying automatically the control parameters used by the individual procedure of control of each of the wells, according to at least one of the physical magnitudes measured and data representative of the operating states of all well.
  • At least one of the wells being activated by gas injection the installation further comprising a gas network activation pressure of said well, provided with a measurement sensor of a magnitude physical representative of its operating state, it consists in comparing the value of said physical quantity to a predetermined very high threshold, and in the case where said value is greater than said threshold to modify at least one parameter of the individual procedure for controlling at least one well activated by gas injection, to initiate at least one action to increase gas consumption in order to reduce the measured pressure of the activation gas network at a value lower than that of the predetermined very high threshold.
  • the physical quantity measured is the pressure of the activation gas network of the injection-activated wells gas.
  • the action of increasing the activation gas consumption consists of starting at least one activated well by gas injection at a standstill.
  • the action of increasing the activation gas consumption is to increase the flow of gas injected in at least one well activated by gas injection, during production.
  • the increasing actions of the activation gas consumption of gas injection-activated wells are assigned a predetermined priority of execution priority and the action initiated to increase activation gas consumption is the highest priority action account given the state of operation of each well.
  • At least one of the wells being activated by gas injection the installation further comprising a gas network activation pressure of said well, provided with a measurement sensor of a magnitude representative of its functioning, it consists in comparing the value said physical quantity to a predetermined high threshold, and in the case where said value is less than said threshold to change at least one parameter of the procedure control of at least one well activated by gas injection, to initiate the least one action of decreasing the activation gas consumption so to reduce the measured pressure of the activation gas network to a value greater than that of the predetermined high threshold.
  • the physical quantity measured is the pressure of the activation gas network of the injection-activated wells gas.
  • the action of reducing the activation gas consumption is to stop at least one activated well by gas injection during production.
  • the action of reducing the activation gas consumption consists of decreasing the flow of gas injected into at least one well activated by gas injection, during production.
  • the reduction actions of the activation gas consumption of the wells activated by gas injection are assigned a predetermined priority of execution priority and the action initiated to decrease the activation gas consumption is the highest priority action account given the state of operation of each well.
  • the invention consists in comparing the value of a physical quantity measured at a very high predetermined threshold, and in the case where the value of said physical quantity is greater than said threshold to be modified at minus one parameter of the individual control procedure of at least one well, to initiate at least one action to decrease the production of hydrocarbons from in order to reduce the value of the measured physical quantity to a value less than that of the predetermined very high threshold.
  • the action of reducing the Hydrocarbon production involves stopping a well during production.
  • the action of reducing the hydrocarbon production consists of decreasing the production of a well in the process of production.
  • the reduction actions of the production of hydrocarbons are assigned a priority of execution predetermined and the action initiated to reduce the production of hydrocarbons is the highest priority action in view of the state of operation of each of the well.
  • the invention consists in comparing the value a physical quantity measured at a predetermined high threshold, and in the case where the value of said physical quantity is less than said threshold to be modified at least one parameter of the individual control procedure of at least one well, to initiate at least one action to increase the production of hydrocarbons so as to reduce the value of the measured physical quantity to a value greater than that the predetermined high threshold.
  • the action of increasing the production of hydrocarbons is to increase the production of hydrocarbons a well being produced.
  • the action of increasing the production of hydrocarbons consists in starting a well at a standstill.
  • the increasing actions of hydrocarbon production are assigned an execution priority predetermined and the action initiated to increase the production of hydrocarbons is the highest priority action in view of the state of operation of each of the well.
  • the method of the invention is used for operate a hydrocarbon facility in the form of oil and gas comprising a plurality of wells, a pressure network of activation gas, a network collector of the hydrocarbons produced, a downstream unit for the treatment of hydrocarbons produced.
  • the device also comprises, not shown in FIG. security of the installation.
  • the supervisor machine 64 is provided with a memory which contains a program for the implementation of the method of conducting the installation of hydrocarbon production.
  • the PLCs 61 to 64 are also connected to the setting system security of the installation which informs them of the security the installation and therefore the unavailability of these elements including the wells.
  • the controller 64 compares the pressure of the injection gas network 35 measured by the sensor 36, at a predetermined high threshold.
  • controller 64 supervisor gives orders, in the form of modifications of the control parameters to controllers 62 and 63 for controlling wells 5 and 6 activated by gas injection, for increase the flow of gas injected and therefore lower the pressure of the gas injection network 35.
  • the supervisor 64 reads from the memory of the controller 62, thanks to two-way communication means, the operating status of the well 5. If this state indicates that well 5 is in production mode, ie that it produces hydrocarbons at a rate controlled by the control procedure individual well 5. To increase the flow of gas injected the controller 64 supervisor increases the gas flow setpoint stored in the controller 62 as a control parameter.
  • the supervisor machine 64 renews this operation until the pressure in the activation gas network 35 goes back below the value of the high threshold. If after a predetermined time experimentally the pressure is always higher than the high threshold, the supervisory automaton 64 executes a continuation similar operations to increase the production of injection-activated well 6 gas.
  • the supervisory automaton 64 verifies that this well is not unavailable and gives a boot order by changing the state setting corresponding in the control automaton of this well.
  • priority ranks are allocated firstly to the production increase actions, ie to the start-up and production start-up actions of the wells and secondly to the actions of reduction of production, that is to say actions of setting minimum production and shutdown.
  • These priority rank assignments are stored in the supervisor 64 in the form of tables such as the following T1 and T2 tables:
  • Well Priority rank of production increase actions numbers Type Reference fig. 1 and 2 Start-up Production start-up 1 E 1 1 2 2 AGL 5 4 6 3 AGL 6 5 7 4 APP 25 3 0
  • Well Priority rank of production decrease actions numbers Type Reference fig. 1 and 2 Minimum production run Stop 1 E 1 3 5 2 AGL 5 2 4 3 AGL 6 1 3 4 APP 25 0 6
  • the highest priority operation is the one whose rank is the weakest, so the rank i operation has a higher priority than the rank operation i + j, where j> 1 and the priority 0 means that the corresponding state does not exist for the type of well to which it is assigned.
  • E means that the well is eruptive, AGL that it is type activated by gas injection and APP that it is activated by pumping.
  • the supervisor 64 also contains in memory tables of the possible transitions, between the different initial and final states of the wells, which have the following structure: Since the installation was started according to a known start procedure, the state of the wells is as follows: No. of wells Well states (stored in the individual control automatons of each well) 1 Minimum production regime 2 Stopped-ready to start 3 Stopped-ready to start 4 Unavailable
  • the controller 64 supervisor constantly compares the value of the pressure in the pipeline 45, measured by the sensor 53, at a high threshold P1 and at a very high threshold P2, P1 and P2 being predetermined according to the characteristics of the installation. When the value of the pressure in line 45 is between P1 and P2 the controller 64 initiates no action.
  • the controller 64 supervisor looks in the table T1 the action increase of hydrocarbons production with the highest priority.
  • the action most priority is that of rank 2, which corresponds to the production start-up of the well # 1.
  • TABLE T4 the only possibility of reaching this state is from the state minimum production regime.
  • the controller 64 supervisor through the means of communication with the controller 60, checks that the state of the well n ° 1 is in regime minimum production and if this is the case as in our example (TABLE T5), gives via the means of communication, to the automaton 60, the order of move well 1 to the state "production regime" and the value of the flow setpoint of oil to respect.
  • the condition of the wells is as follows: No. of wells States of the wells 1 Production regime 2 Stopped-ready to start 3 Stopped-ready to start 4 Unavailable
  • the controller 64 supervisor After the expiry of an experimentally defined time delay for leave the requested action time to execute, the controller 64 supervisor again compares the value of the pressure in line 45 to the P1 and P2. If the value of the pressure in line 45 is below the threshold P1, the supervisor automaton 64 looks in the table T1 for the increase action of hydrocarbon production the highest priority. In our example given that the actions of ranks 1 and 2 have already been carried out, the action with the highest priority is the one of rank 3 which corresponds to the start of the well n ° 4, whose operating state is "unavailable"
  • Well # 4 can not be started and rank 3 action can not not be realized.
  • the supervisor 64 looks for the action T1 in the table of possible hydrocarbon production increase the highest priority, which is that of rank 4 which corresponds to the start of the well n ° 2.
  • This well being of the type activated by gas injection, the controller 64 also checks the availability of gas in the injection gas network 35, controlling that the pressure measured by the sensor 36 is greater than the nominal value of that network established in depending on the characteristics of the elements of the installation.
  • controller 64 gives the controller 62 the order to pass the well in start mode.
  • the state of operation of the wells is as follows: No. of wells States of the wells 1 production regime 2 start-up regime 3 Stopped-ready to start 4 Unavailable
  • the state of operation of the wells is as follows: No. of wells States of the wells 1 production regime 2 start-up regime 3 Stopped-ready to start 4 Stopped-ready to start
  • the supervisor 64 compares the value of the pressure in the channel 45 at the thresholds P1 and P2. If the value of the pressure in line 45 is less than the threshold P1, the supervisor 64 looks in the table T1 the most important hydrocarbon production increase action which is the one of rank 3 corresponding to the start-up of well No. 4.
  • the controller 64 gives via the means of communication, at the controller 61 local control individual well 4, the order to pass the well 4 to the startup state. This order is interpreted by the individual control procedure well 4 which initiates the start sequence.
  • the operating state of the wells is then as follows: No. of wells States of the wells 1 Production regime 2 Start-up scheme 3 Stopped-ready to start 4 Start-up scheme
  • the supervisor automaton 64 looks in the table T2 for the decrease action priority for hydrocarbon production.
  • the most priority is that of rank 1 which corresponds to the partial unloading of the well n ° 3, this Well being in the stopped-ready state, this action is not feasible.
  • the supervisor 64 looks for the next highest priority action which is the one of rank 2 which corresponds to the partial unloading of the well n ° 2. Well # 2 being in Startup scheme this action is not feasible.
  • the supervisor 64 machine search the next highest priority action that is the rank 3 that matches partial unloading of the well n ° 1.
  • the supervisor machine 64 gives by via the means of communication, to the controller 60 of individual control well 1, the order to move from well 1 to the condition corresponding to the minimum production. This order is interpreted by the individual control procedure of the well 1 which acts accordingly.
  • the operating state of the wells is then as follows: No. of wells States of the wells 1 Minimum production regime 2 Start-up scheme 3 Stopped-ready to start 4 start-up regime
  • the automaton 64 of supervision simultaneously compares the pressure in the separator flask, measured by means of the sensor 49, with two high and very high thresholds respectively P3 and P4. If this pressure exceeds the threshold P4 it initiates actions of decrease of the oil production according to the priorities assigned to these actions taking into account operating states of the wells. If this pressure is below the P3 threshold the PLC 64 initiates actions of increase of the production of oil in function priorities assigned to these actions taking into account the operating conditions Wells.
  • the supervisory automaton 64 simultaneously compares the liquid level in the separator flask, measured by means of the sensor 40, with two high and very high thresholds respectively P5 and P6. Yes this pressure exceeds the threshold P6 it initiates actions of decrease of the production according to the priorities assigned to these actions taking into account the operating wells. If this pressure is below the threshold P5 the automaton 64 initiates actions to increase oil production according to priorities allocated to these actions taking into account the operating conditions of the wells.
  • any operating anomaly such as a bottleneck downstream of line 45 or an overproduction of upstream oil translated by an increase in the pressure in the driving 45 drive automatically a series of actions to decrease the production which have the effect to quickly bring back the pressure in line 45 below the value of threshold P2 and thus to avoid that it reaches a threshold of triggering a setting security that usually leads to a shutdown of the facility.
  • Actions for decrease production being prioritized and executed taking into account the operating state of the wells are optimally managed.
  • the production of oil is maintained at its value. maximum which corresponds to a value of the pressure in the pipe 45 included between the thresholds P1 and P2, respecting the operating constraints of the balloon separator safely.
  • the invention is not limited to driving a plant such as the described above which comprises four wells, an injection gas network, a network collector of the produced hydrocarbons and a downstream treatment facility. She also applies to the operation of an installation comprising several dozen wells, several injection gas networks, several collecting networks hydrocarbons and several downstream processing units.

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  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
EP99400689A 1998-03-24 1999-03-22 Méthode de conduite d'une installation de production d'hydrocarbures Expired - Lifetime EP0945589B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9803613 1998-03-24
FR9803613A FR2776702B1 (fr) 1998-03-24 1998-03-24 Methode de conduite d'une installation de production d'hydrocarbures

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EP0945589A1 EP0945589A1 (fr) 1999-09-29
EP0945589B1 true EP0945589B1 (fr) 2005-10-12

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US (1) US6158508A (pt)
EP (1) EP0945589B1 (pt)
JP (1) JP4172733B2 (pt)
BR (1) BR9902343A (pt)
CA (1) CA2264251C (pt)
FR (1) FR2776702B1 (pt)
NO (1) NO328099B1 (pt)
OA (1) OA11108A (pt)
RU (1) RU2209942C2 (pt)

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US6937923B1 (en) 2000-11-01 2005-08-30 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Controller system for downhole applications
FR2822191B1 (fr) * 2001-03-19 2003-09-19 Inst Francais Du Petrole Methode et dispositif pour neutraliser par injection controlee de gaz, la formation de bouchons de liquide au pied d'un riser se raccordant a une conduite d'acheminement de fluides polyphasiques
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WO2003034903A2 (en) 2001-10-23 2003-05-01 Psma Development Company, L.L.C. Psma antibodies and protein multimers
CA2424745C (en) * 2003-04-09 2006-06-27 Optimum Production Technologies Inc. Apparatus and method for enhancing productivity of natural gas wells
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CN101310091B (zh) * 2005-09-19 2011-05-18 英国石油勘探运作有限公司 控制节涌的装置
EP2059652A4 (en) * 2006-09-15 2010-11-24 Abb As PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION IN AN OIL AND / OR GAS PRODUCTION SYSTEM
US8232438B2 (en) * 2008-08-25 2012-07-31 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Method and system for jointly producing and processing hydrocarbons from natural gas hydrate and conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs
CA2765234C (en) * 2009-06-12 2019-01-08 Technological Resources Pty Limited A mine scheduling system
RU2487994C2 (ru) * 2011-07-19 2013-07-20 ООО "Научно-исследовательский институт технических систем "Пилот" Система управления добычей углеводородного сырья
EP2744978A1 (en) * 2011-08-18 2014-06-25 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. System and method for producing a hydrocarbon product stream from a hydrocarbon well stream, and a hydrocarbon well stream separation tank
CA2982024C (en) * 2016-10-11 2020-09-22 Encline Artificial Lift Technologies LLC Improved liquid piston compressor system

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FR2776702A1 (fr) 1999-10-01
JPH11311084A (ja) 1999-11-09
CA2264251C (fr) 2006-05-30
BR9902343A (pt) 2000-01-11
NO328099B1 (no) 2009-12-07
US6158508A (en) 2000-12-12
JP4172733B2 (ja) 2008-10-29
CA2264251A1 (fr) 1999-09-24
RU2209942C2 (ru) 2003-08-10
FR2776702B1 (fr) 2000-05-05
OA11108A (fr) 2003-04-04
NO991399D0 (no) 1999-03-23
NO991399L (no) 1999-09-27
EP0945589A1 (fr) 1999-09-29

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