EP0943710B1 - Flame retardant electrically conductive cloth - Google Patents

Flame retardant electrically conductive cloth Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0943710B1
EP0943710B1 EP99104698A EP99104698A EP0943710B1 EP 0943710 B1 EP0943710 B1 EP 0943710B1 EP 99104698 A EP99104698 A EP 99104698A EP 99104698 A EP99104698 A EP 99104698A EP 0943710 B1 EP0943710 B1 EP 0943710B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fabric
electrically conductive
conductive threads
threads
strength
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99104698A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0943710A3 (en
EP0943710A2 (en
Inventor
Egon Wurr
Siegfried Hartmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eurea Verpackungs GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Eurea Verpackungs GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19826120A external-priority patent/DE19826120C2/en
Application filed by Eurea Verpackungs GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Eurea Verpackungs GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0943710A2 publication Critical patent/EP0943710A2/en
Publication of EP0943710A3 publication Critical patent/EP0943710A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0943710B1 publication Critical patent/EP0943710B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/22—Safety features
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/16—Large containers flexible
    • B65D88/1612—Flexible intermediate bulk containers [FIBC]
    • B65D88/165—Flexible intermediate bulk containers [FIBC] with electrically conductive properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/43—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads with differing diameters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/513—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads heat-resistant or fireproof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/533—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads antistatic; electrically conductive
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/573—Tensile strength
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/587—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads adhesive; fusible
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05F—STATIC ELECTRICITY; NATURALLY-OCCURRING ELECTRICITY
    • H05F3/00—Carrying-off electrostatic charges
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
    • D10B2321/022—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polypropylene
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/04—Heat-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/041—Heat-responsive characteristics thermoplastic; thermosetting
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/063—Load-responsive characteristics high strength
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/16—Physical properties antistatic; conductive

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrically conductive fabric made of plastic fibers, plastic tapes or plastic threads for the production of high-strength packaging or lining sheets, which has electrically non-conductive and electrically conductive threads, as well as bulk material containers and liners made of this fabric, especially for shafts in civil engineering and mining.
  • a drawback of these fabrics is that a fabric having a reduced strength and ductility results because it contains yarns in which the carbon black is dispersed throughout the fiber when the carbon black is contained in the fiber in such an amount that a sufficient electrical conductivity is achieved. It should be noted that a sufficient electrical conductivity can not be achieved if the amount of soot contained in the fiber is too small. Also, flame retardant properties of the fabric are not disclosed.
  • a fabric of this type is well suited to the severe mechanical stresses involved in using the fabric for a flexible bulk material container or for a mining liner, and the electroconductive filaments woven in provide safe dissipation of electrostatic charge. It is advantageous that the modulus of elasticity of the electrically conductive threads is smaller than that of the remaining thread material weaved in warp and weft. This prevents that the electrically conductive threads of the fabric break at a lower load, as the threads of the non-conductive base fabric, whereby interruptions in the conductive grid are avoided.
  • the disadvantage is that the electrically conductive thread is highly flammable due to its high carbon content and not extinguished even in the vicinity of heavy combustible, non-electrically conductive threads of the base fabric, but pulls with destruction of the adjacent areas like a burning wick through the tissue.
  • plastics technology it is well known (see SAECHTLING: Plastic Paperback, p 58, 25th edition, Carl Hanser Verlag 1992), plastics with flame-retardant additives to put, which suffocate a flame that they - in the case of chlorine - or bromine-containing organic compounds - impede the access of oxygen to the ground substance when exposed to flame or - for example, in aluminum hydroxide - split off at high temperatures water and / or carbon dioxide.
  • a disadvantage is that additional filling of a filled with conductive carbon black or graphite plastic with a flame retardant additive greatly reduces the strength of the yarn made of such a plastic and makes it unsuitable for use in tissues for the production of high-strength packaging or linings.
  • a bulk material container which is made of a fabric in which metal threads are incorporated, can be derived via the electrostatic charges of the fabric.
  • the invention has for its object to further develop a tissue of the type mentioned, which is electrically conductive and at the same time flame retardant and thus can be used in explosive and fire-prone areas. Also, the fabric should be suitable for the production of high-strength packaging and linings.
  • the object is achieved by the metamorphosis combination of claim 1.
  • flame-retardant is meant the fire behavior of a tissue, in which, upon exposure to a flame, the inflammation of the tissue is prevented or delayed and in which the flame extinguishes spontaneously after ignition within a short period of time.
  • electrically conductive here a fabric is referred to, according to DIN 53482 measured surface resistance and Erdableitwiderstand is at least smaller than the volume resistance of the air, that is less than 10 8 ⁇ , so that a discharge of electrostatic electricity is possible.
  • threads are meant here all spun or extruded plastic fibers, plastic tapes cut from films or other plastic threads which can be processed by weaving technique.
  • the "shrinkage" of plastics is defined as the absolute change in length difference caused by relaxation or retardation processes, based on the initial length.
  • a fabric according to the present invention flame retardant properties, although the electrically conductive threads are made of combustible plastics and contain no flame retardant additives or the additives are contained at most in a small amount with which only a flame extinction is not achievable.
  • the electrically conductive threads of the fabric according to the invention are able to safely dissipate an electrostatic charge against a ground conductor via the applied metal layer or the metal particles contained therein.
  • the plastic melts in the flamed area. While the additives in the non-conductive filaments prevent ignition or cause rapid quenching, inflammation of the electrically conductive filaments is thereby prevented. that these contract strongly under the action of heat and thus avoid prolonged exposure to the flame by shrinking. Even the heat input from adjacent areas of non-conductive, almost incombustible threads leads to a rapid shrinkage of the electrically conductive threads, so that they can escape the vulnerable area even before an immediate flame exposure. The shrinking happens extremely fast.
  • At least the electrically conductive threads are shrinkable under heat. If such threads are woven into a non-shrinkable base fabric, this thread contracts when exposed to flame and as far out of the fabric as the influence of the heat introduced by the flame extends. Outside the heat-affected zone, the thread retains its mechanical and electrical properties.
  • the invention provides that the shrinkage of the electrically conductive threads in each case is greater than the shrinkage of the electrically non-conductive threads. It is therefore also possible that a likewise heat-shrinkable thread is selected for the non-conductive base fabric. Thus, the entire tissue also escapes by shrinking a flame exposure. By the relative to the shrinkage of the background fabric higher degree of shrinkage of the conductive threads ensures that the latter can escape quickly from the flame.
  • the electrically non-conductive threads in an advantageous embodiment consist of a polypropylene, which with a flame-retardant halogen-containing additive is filled and / or coated. This material is inexpensive and is therefore particularly suitable for the production of large-area fabric webs.
  • the electrically conductive threads may be made of a plastic in which the conductivity is increased via a filling with particles of metals or metal compounds or with carbonaceous particles such as carbon black or graphite. Such a filling can be effected inexpensively by adding the conductivity-increasing particles to the plastic raw material.
  • polyaniline is well suited as a conductive plastic.
  • the conductive plastic can be added as an additive to the thread material or the thread can be made entirely of a conductive plastic.
  • the conductive threads can be vaporized with silver.
  • the good electrical conductivity and the good adhesion properties of silver on the plastic enable an electrostatic conduction over the outside of the thread with a small layer thickness.
  • the vaporization of the outside of the thread can also be applied to a thread that is already equipped or filled with conductive additives, whereby the conductivity is further improved.
  • An inexpensive embodiment provides for steaming a monofilament, for example an extruded polyamide thread, with metal or providing it with conductive particles.
  • the flexibility of the thread is increased in another embodiment in which the electrically conductive threads are multifilaments.
  • Such a thread may consist of several fibers, of which at least one fiber is filled and / or coated with conductive particles. Equally thick fibers may be twisted together, it being also conceivable to arrange a thicker, conductive fiber around the core as a sheathing of thinner fibers with which the tear strength is increased.
  • the electrically conductive threads are made of a polyester, preferably of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • a significant advantage of the invention in terms of electrical properties is that the electrically conductive threads can be woven into warp and / or weft. If electrically conductive are woven in both the warp and the weft threads, a FARADAY cage is created in the production of bodily structures of the fabric according to the invention. Electrostatic charges can thus be derived in two dimensions and increase the safety when using the fabric in an endangered atmosphere. A load on the fabric can be due to similar strength values of electrically conductive and non-conductive threads in any direction, without causing the crack of the conductive threads.
  • the cross section of the electrically non-conductive threads is 2 times to 10 times the cross section of the electrically conductive threads.
  • the shrinking, electrically conductive fiber is not so in the Ground tissue blocks and can escape unhindered from the inflamed area.
  • every tenth to eightieth warp thread is an electrically conductive thread, whereby a balanced combination is achieved from the viewpoint of the manufacturing cost, the optical appearance of the fabric and the electrostatic properties.
  • the area of the non-conductive fabric between each two warp and weft threads enclosing a rectangle is at most 100 cm 2 . It has proved to be advantageous for both the electrical properties as well as for the production and the mechanical strength of the fabric, if the distance of the electrically conductive threads to each other in the warp direction (3) 1 to 5 cm, preferably 2.5 cm, and in Weft direction 10 cm to 60 cm, preferably 40 cm.
  • the fabric advantageously has a breaking strength of 50 N / mm 2 to 250 N / mm 2 at an elongation at break of 10% to 50%.
  • the modulus of elasticity of the electrically conductive threads is smaller than that of the non-conductive threads. This prevents that the electrically conductive threads of the fabric break at a lower load than the threads of the non-conductive base fabric. Interruptions in the conductive grid are thus avoided in any case.
  • a portion of a fabric 100 produced according to the invention is shown.
  • Both warp threads 3 and weft threads 4 are tapes made of a thermoplastic material. Such tapes are obtained in a simple manner that a film is made of a plastic, which is then cut by knives in the web direction in strips. Since standard plastics, in particular polypropylene, are suitable and the ribbons in comparison to textile yarns have a large width of about 0.5 to 5 mm, cost-effective large-area fabric can be produced.
  • electrically conductive threads 2.1, 2.2 are woven, which are drawn here for clarity better schematically as a double line; in a preferred embodiment, the electrically conductive threads have a smaller cross section than the threads of the base fabric.
  • the conductive threads 2.1, 2.2 are woven in both warp and weft, so that a discharge of electrostatic electricity in all directions of the surface can take place.
  • the electrically conductive threads 2.1, 2.2 of the preferred embodiment are twines textured from a plurality of polyester fibers, of which at least one fiber, preferably 4 to 6 fibers, is vapor-deposited with silver.
  • the electrically conductive threads 2.1, 2.2 are monoaxially stretched. The draw is effected at 4 to 10 times the original length, with a stretch ratio of 5: 1 to 6: 1 favorable for most types of plastics.
  • the stretching is carried out after heating the plastic to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of an amorphous thermoplastic or above the crystallite melting temperature of a semi-crystalline thermoplastic and is maintained during cooling. The plastic molecules are aligned by the stretching.
  • the lower region of the tissue 100 in FIG. 1 represents the tissue changes after an attempt to determine the fire behavior.
  • the test criteria were selected in accordance with DIN / EN / ISO 6941 "Measurement of the flame propagation property of vertically arranged samples", whereby an assessment in accordance with DIN 66083 can be carried out is.
  • thermoplastic warp and weft threads (3, 4) melt due to the great heat and form a crumb 7 of plastic melt. Since they are provided with flame-retardant additives, the flamed filaments 3, 4 extinguish about one to two seconds after removal of the burner flame.
  • the electrically conductive threads 2.1, 2.2 are greatly shrunk in the heat affected zone.
  • the heat supplied by the burner flame and adjacent melting ribbons made the molecular chains of the silver-vaporized polyester yarn mobile and the imposed state of stretching was degraded.
  • the relative shrinkage of the conductive threads 2.1, 2.2 causes a relative movement causing the conductive threads to pull away from the point of danger and out of the ground fabric.
  • the result is, by the shrinkage, for example, the conductive thread 2.1, a gap 8.1 in the fabric 100, in which a single warp thread is missing.
  • the weft threads 4 are all present in the region 8.1 of the gap, so that the strength of the fabric is not significantly reduced.
  • the flame does not propagate further in the tissue and the damage in the tissue is limited to the area 6 of the immediate action of flame, in particular, both the mechanical and the electrostatic properties of the tissue remain outside the directly flamed area.
  • the fabric 100 according to the invention is flame retardant, although the electrically conductive thread 2.1, 2.2 is not filled with a content of additives which alone could cause the extinction of a flame, as in the warp and weft threads 3, 4 is the case.
  • the fire behavior test is repeated on a sample of fabric 200 known in the art.
  • the fabric 200 consists of the same warp yarns 3 and wefts 4 used in the fabric 100;
  • the plastic of the threads also contains flame retardant additives.
  • the electrically conductive threads 2.1 ', 2.2' are monofilaments, which have a high proportion of carbon black, whereby a good conductivity is ensured. Flame retardant additives are not immiscible because the strength of the threads would be significantly reduced.
  • the sample is flamed in region 6 'in the same experimental setup as in the previously described example. Due to the high carbon content, rapid ignition and wicking of the electrically conductive filaments 2.1 ', 2.2' was observed. The flame pulled along the lattice-like woven threads 2.1 ', 2.2' through the fabric 200, whereby the threads 3, 4 of the background fabric were destroyed despite the contained flame retardant additives. The attempt had to be stopped at the degree of destruction of the fabric 200 shown in Fig. 2, since the flame did not extinguish by itself.
  • the electrically conductive fabric 100 With the detection of flame retardant properties of the electrically conductive fabric 100 according to the invention, it is suitable for applications in potentially explosive and / or fire-prone environments, such as those typically found in solvent processing plants and in the mining industry due to coal dust and methane gas in the air.
  • FIG. 3 shows a flexible bulk goods container 10 produced from the fabric 100, which consists of a carrying bag 15 with carrying strap designed as transport loops 17, 17 '.
  • the carrying bag 15 In its lid region 14, the carrying bag 15 has a filler neck 18 and in its bottom region 11 an outlet nozzle 19.
  • the carrier bag 5 is made of the high-strength, electrically conductive and flame-retardant synthetic fiber fabric 100.
  • a compaction of the lattice network 12 of electrically conductive threads 2.1, 2.2 can be provided to optimize the discharge behavior.
  • the material for the carrying loops 17, 17 'to ensure the discharge conductive Material incorporated.
  • Important for safety is the seamless grounding during filling and emptying, so that possible electrostatic charges are dissipated.
  • Fig. 4 shows a cross section through a shaft 30 underground.
  • the overburden 31 In horizontally advanced tunnels and shafts of large cross-section, especially when these are intended for the transport of persons and / or material, the overburden 31 must be supported.
  • this carrier 33 are pressed with hydraulic punches 32 against the mountains 31.
  • large-area lining sheets or mats are pressed with the beams 33.
  • These can be wire mesh, but they are heavy and require a lot of transport capacity.
  • a fabric web 100 according to the invention for lining the shaft 30 is a much lighter and easy to cut material available. Since the fabric 100 is high strength, it does not tear even when pressed against outstanding rocks 34.
  • About the woven mesh of electrically conductive threads 2.1, 2.2 electrostatic charges can be discharged to the earth. A possible spread of fire along the liner web is inhibited by the flame retardant properties of the fabric 100.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrisch leitendes Gewebe aus Kunststoffasern, Kunststoffbändchen oder Kunststoffäden zur Herstellung von hochfesten Verpackungen oder Auskleidungsbahnen, welches elektrisch nicht leitende und elektrisch leitende Fäden aufweist, sowie aus diesem Gewebe hergestellte Schüttgutbehälter und Auskleidungen, insbesondere für Schächte im Tief- und Bergbau.The invention relates to an electrically conductive fabric made of plastic fibers, plastic tapes or plastic threads for the production of high-strength packaging or lining sheets, which has electrically non-conductive and electrically conductive threads, as well as bulk material containers and liners made of this fabric, especially for shafts in civil engineering and mining.

Bei Kunststoffgeweben werden im Gebrauch in trockener Umgebung elektrostatische Ladungen, insbesondere durch Reibung, erzeugt, die sich bei Kontakt mit geerdeten Gegenständen und/oder Personen schlagartig entladen können. Die hohe Energie des überspringenden Lichtbogens kann zur Zündung explosiver Luft-/Gas- oder Luft-/Staub-Gemische führen. In einer entsprechenden Umgebung besteht zudem eine erhöhte Brandgefahr.In the case of plastic fabrics, when used in a dry environment, electrostatic charges, in particular due to friction, are generated, which can suddenly discharge on contact with grounded objects and / or persons. The high energy of the skipping arc can lead to the ignition of explosive air / gas or air / dust mixtures. In a corresponding environment there is also an increased risk of fire.

Es sind aus der DE-AS 19 28 330 Gewebe bekannt, die zur Vermeidung einer elektrostatischen Aufladung aus zwei verschiedenen Fasermaterialien bestehen, von denen das eine Fasermaterial von einem durch die gesamte Faser dispergierten, elektrisch leitenden Ruß durchsetzt und das andere Fasermaterial frei von Ruß ist.There are known from DE-AS 19 28 330 tissues that consist of two different fiber materials to avoid electrostatic charge, of which the one fiber material of a dispersed throughout the fiber, electrically conductive carbon black passes through and the other fiber material is free of soot ,

Als Nachteil dieser Gewebe wird angegeben, daß sich ein Gewebe mit einer verminderten Festigkeit und Dehnbarkeit ergibt, weil es Fäden enthält, bei denen der Ruß durch die gesamte Faser hindurch dispergiert ist, wenn der Ruß in einer solchen Menge in der Faser enthalten ist, daß eine ausreichende elektrische Leitfähigkeit erreicht wird. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß sich eine ausreichende elektrische Leitfähigkeit nicht erreichen läßt, wenn die in der Faser enthaltene Rußmenge zu gering ist. Auch sind flammhemmende Eigenschaften des Gewebes nicht offenbart.A drawback of these fabrics is that a fabric having a reduced strength and ductility results because it contains yarns in which the carbon black is dispersed throughout the fiber when the carbon black is contained in the fiber in such an amount that a sufficient electrical conductivity is achieved. It should be noted that a sufficient electrical conductivity can not be achieved if the amount of soot contained in the fiber is too small. Also, flame retardant properties of the fabric are not disclosed.

In der Patentschrift DE 39 38 414 C2 der Anmelderin ist ein Schüttgutbehälter aus einem elektrisch leitenden Gewebe offenbart, das aus Kunstfasern oder Kunststoffäden besteht und elektrisch nicht leitende und elektrisch leitende Fäden aufweist, wobei die elektrisch leitenden Fäden aus einem Polyolefin bestehen und eindispergierten Ruß und/oder Graphit enthalten und sowohl in der Kette als auch im Schuß eingewebt sind.In the patent DE 39 38 414 C2 of the applicant discloses a bulk material container made of an electrically conductive fabric, which consists of synthetic fibers or plastic threads and electrically non-conductive and electrically conductive threads, wherein the electrically conductive threads are made of a polyolefin and dispersed soot and / or graphite and woven in both the warp and the weft.

Ein Gewebe dieser Art ist für die starken mechanischen Beanspruchungen, wie sie bei der Verwendung des Gewebes für einen flexiblen Schüttgutbehälter oder für eine Auskleidungsbahn im Bergbau auftreten, gut geeignet und durch die eingewebten elektrisch leitenden Fäden wird eine sichere Ableitung von elektrostatischer Ladung erreicht. Vorteilhaft ist, daß der Elastizitätsmodul der elektrisch leitenden Fäden kleiner ist als der des übrigen in Kette und Schuß verwebten Fadenmaterials. Hierdurch wird verhindert, daß die elektrisch leitenden Fäden des Gewebes bei einer geringeren Belastung brechen, als die Fäden des nicht leitenden Grundgewebes, wodurch Unterbrechungen im leitfähigen Gitter vermieden werden.A fabric of this type is well suited to the severe mechanical stresses involved in using the fabric for a flexible bulk material container or for a mining liner, and the electroconductive filaments woven in provide safe dissipation of electrostatic charge. It is advantageous that the modulus of elasticity of the electrically conductive threads is smaller than that of the remaining thread material weaved in warp and weft. This prevents that the electrically conductive threads of the fabric break at a lower load, as the threads of the non-conductive base fabric, whereby interruptions in the conductive grid are avoided.

Nachteilig ist, daß der elektrisch leitende Faden aufgrund seines hohen Kohlenstoffgehalts in starkem Maße brennbar ist und auch in der Umgebung von schwerer brennbaren, nicht elektrisch leitenden Fäden des Grundgewebes nicht verlöscht, sondern sich unter Zerstörung der benachbarten Bereiche wie ein brennender Docht durch das Gewebe zieht.The disadvantage is that the electrically conductive thread is highly flammable due to its high carbon content and not extinguished even in the vicinity of heavy combustible, non-electrically conductive threads of the base fabric, but pulls with destruction of the adjacent areas like a burning wick through the tissue.

In der Kunststofftechnik ist es allgemein bekannt (vgl. SAECHTLING: Kunststoff-Taschenbuch, S. 58, 25. Auflage, Carl Hanser Verlag 1992), Kunststoffe mit flammhemmenden Additiven zu versetzen, welche eine Flamme dadurch ersticken, daß sie - im Falle der chlor- oder bromhaltigen organische Verbindungen - bei Flammeinwirkung den Sauerstoffzutritt zu der Grundsubstanz erschweren oder - beispielsweise bei Aluminiumhydroxid - bei hohen Temperaturen Wasser und/oder Kohlendioxid abspalten.In plastics technology, it is well known (see SAECHTLING: Plastic Paperback, p 58, 25th edition, Carl Hanser Verlag 1992), plastics with flame-retardant additives to put, which suffocate a flame that they - in the case of chlorine - or bromine-containing organic compounds - impede the access of oxygen to the ground substance when exposed to flame or - for example, in aluminum hydroxide - split off at high temperatures water and / or carbon dioxide.

Nachteilig ist, daß eine zusätzliche Füllung eines mit leitfähigem Ruß- oder Graphit gefüllten Kunststoffs mit einem flammhemmenden Zusatzstoff die Festigkeitswerte des aus einem solchen Kunststoff hergestellten Fadens stark herabsetzt und diesen zur Verwendung in Geweben zur Herstellung hochfester Verpackungen oder Auskleidungen ungeeignet macht.A disadvantage is that additional filling of a filled with conductive carbon black or graphite plastic with a flame retardant additive greatly reduces the strength of the yarn made of such a plastic and makes it unsuitable for use in tissues for the production of high-strength packaging or linings.

Weiterhin ist aus der GB 21 01 559 A1 ein Schüttgutbehälter bekannt, der aus einem Gewebe hergestellt ist, in das Metallfäden eingearbeitet sind, über die elektrostatische Aufladungen des Gewebes abgeleitet werden können.Furthermore, from GB 21 01 559 A1 a bulk material container is known, which is made of a fabric in which metal threads are incorporated, can be derived via the electrostatic charges of the fabric.

Nachteilig bei dieser Lösung ist es allerdings, daß diese aus Vollmetall gezogenen Fäden nur als Kettfäden in das Gewebe eingearbeitet werden, was die Ableitfähigkeit insgesamt beeinträchtigt. Vor allem ist das Dehnungsverhalten der Metallfasern oder -fäden sehr abweichend von dem Dehnungsverhalten des übrigen Gewebes. Dies führt leicht zum Bruch der Metallfäden und damit zu einer Unterbrechung der Ableitung. Durch solche Unterbrechungspunkte wird im Falle der statischen Aufladung die Gefahr der Funkenbildung und Explosion stark erhöht. Auch sind keinerlei Eigenschaften des Grundgewebes offenbart, die es für einen Einsatz in brandgefährdeten Bereichen geeignet erscheinen lassen.A disadvantage of this solution, however, is that these drawn from solid metal threads are incorporated only as warp threads in the tissue, which affects the Ableitfähigkeit total. Above all, the elongation behavior of the metal fibers or threads is very different from the expansion behavior of the remaining tissue. This easily leads to breakage of the metal threads and thus to an interruption of the derivative. Such break points will in case of static electricity the danger of sparking and explosion greatly increased. Also, no properties of the base fabric are disclosed that make it appear suitable for use in fire-prone areas.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Gewebe der eingangs genannten Art weiterzuentwickeln, das elektrisch leitend und zugleich flammhemmend ist und somit in explosions-und brandgefährdeten Bereichen einsetzbar ist. Auch soll das Gewebe zur Herstellung hochfester Verpackungen und Auskleidungen geeignet sein.The invention has for its object to further develop a tissue of the type mentioned, which is electrically conductive and at the same time flame retardant and thus can be used in explosive and fire-prone areas. Also, the fabric should be suitable for the production of high-strength packaging and linings.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch die Metkmalskombination des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.According to the invention, the object is achieved by the metamorphosis combination of claim 1.

Mit "flammhemmend" wird hier das Brandverhalten eines Gewebes bezeichnet, bei dem bei Einwirkung einer Flamme die Entzündung des Gewebes verhindert oder verzögert wird und bei dem nach erfolgter Entzündung innerhalb einer kurzen Zeitspanne die Flamme von selbst verlöscht.By "flame-retardant" is meant the fire behavior of a tissue, in which, upon exposure to a flame, the inflammation of the tissue is prevented or delayed and in which the flame extinguishes spontaneously after ignition within a short period of time.

Als "elektrisch leitend" wird hier ein Gewebe bezeichnet, dessen nach DIN 53482 gemessener Oberflächenwiderstand und Erdableitwiderstand zumindest kleiner als der Durchgangswiderstand der Luft, also kleiner als 108 Ω ist, so daß eine Ableitung elektrostatischer Elektrizität ermöglicht ist.As "electrically conductive" here a fabric is referred to, according to DIN 53482 measured surface resistance and Erdableitwiderstand is at least smaller than the volume resistance of the air, that is less than 10 8 Ω, so that a discharge of electrostatic electricity is possible.

Unter "Fäden" sollen hier alle gesponnenen oder extrudierten Kunststoffasern, aus Folien geschnittene Kunststoffbändchen oder sonstige Kunststoffäden verstanden werden, die webtechnisch verarbeitbar sind.By "threads" are meant here all spun or extruded plastic fibers, plastic tapes cut from films or other plastic threads which can be processed by weaving technique.

Der "Schrumpf" von Kunststoffen ist definiert als die durch Relaxations- oder Retardationsvorgänge bewirkte absolute Längenänderungsdifferenz, bezogen auf die Ausgangslänge.The "shrinkage" of plastics is defined as the absolute change in length difference caused by relaxation or retardation processes, based on the initial length.

Überraschenderweise weist ein Gewebe gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung flammhemmende Eigenschaften auf, obwohl die elektrisch leitenden Fäden aus brennbaren Kunststoffen hergestellt sind und keine flammhemmenden Zusatzstoffe enthalten oder die Zusatzstoffe allenfalls in einer geringen Menge enthalten sind, mit der allein ein Verlöschen einer Flamme nicht erreichbar ist.Surprisingly, a fabric according to the present invention, flame retardant properties, although the electrically conductive threads are made of combustible plastics and contain no flame retardant additives or the additives are contained at most in a small amount with which only a flame extinction is not achievable.

Die elektrisch leitenden Fäden des erfindungsgemäßen Gewebes vermögen über die aufgebrachte Metallschicht oder die enthaltenen Metallpartikel eine elektrostatische Aufladung sicher gegen einen Erdleiter abzuleiten.The electrically conductive threads of the fabric according to the invention are able to safely dissipate an electrostatic charge against a ground conductor via the applied metal layer or the metal particles contained therein.

Bei der Einwirkung einer Flamme auf das erfindungsgemäße Gewebe schmilzt der Kunststoff im beflammten Bereich. Während die Zusatzstoffe in den nicht leitenden Fäden ein Entzünden verhindern oder ein schnelles Verlöschen bewirken, wird die Entzündung der elektrisch leitenden Fäden dadurch verhindert, daß diese sich unter Wärmeeinwirkung stark zusammenziehen und sich damit einer längeren Einwirkung der Flamme durch Schrumpfen entziehen. Schon die Wärmeeinleitung aus benachbarten Bereichen nicht leitender, nahezu unbrennbarer Fäden führt zu einem schnellen Schrumpfen der elektrisch leitenden Fäden, so daß sich diese bereits vor einer unmittelbaren Flammeneinwirkung dem gefährdeten Bereich entziehen können. Das Schrumpfen geschieht außerordentlich rasch.When a flame acts on the fabric according to the invention, the plastic melts in the flamed area. While the additives in the non-conductive filaments prevent ignition or cause rapid quenching, inflammation of the electrically conductive filaments is thereby prevented. that these contract strongly under the action of heat and thus avoid prolonged exposure to the flame by shrinking. Even the heat input from adjacent areas of non-conductive, almost incombustible threads leads to a rapid shrinkage of the electrically conductive threads, so that they can escape the vulnerable area even before an immediate flame exposure. The shrinking happens extremely fast.

Um diesen Effekt zu erzielen, sind nach der Erfindung wenigstens die elektrisch leitenden Fäden unter Wärmeeinwirkung schrumpfbar. Werden solche Fäden in einem nicht schrumpfbaren Grundgewebe eingewebt, zieht sich dieser Faden bei Flammeneinwirkung zusammen und soweit aus dem Gewebe heraus, wie der Einfluß der durch die Flamme eingebrachten Wärme reicht. Außerhalb der Wärmeeinflußzone behält der Faden seine mechanischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften.To achieve this effect, according to the invention, at least the electrically conductive threads are shrinkable under heat. If such threads are woven into a non-shrinkable base fabric, this thread contracts when exposed to flame and as far out of the fabric as the influence of the heat introduced by the flame extends. Outside the heat-affected zone, the thread retains its mechanical and electrical properties.

Die Erfindung sieht vor, daß der Schrumpf der elektrisch leitenden Fäden in jedem Fall größer ist als der Schrumpf der elektrisch nicht leitenden Fäden. Möglich ist daher auch, daß für das nicht leitende Grundgewebe ein ebenfalls wärmeschrumpfbarer Faden gewählt ist. Somit entzieht sich auch das Gesamtgewebe durch Schrumpfen einer Flammeneinwirkung. Durch den relativ zum Schrumpf des Grundgewebes höheren Schrumpfungsgrad der leitende Fäden ist sichergestellt, daß letztere sich rasch der Flammeinwirkung entziehen können.The invention provides that the shrinkage of the electrically conductive threads in each case is greater than the shrinkage of the electrically non-conductive threads. It is therefore also possible that a likewise heat-shrinkable thread is selected for the non-conductive base fabric. Thus, the entire tissue also escapes by shrinking a flame exposure. By the relative to the shrinkage of the background fabric higher degree of shrinkage of the conductive threads ensures that the latter can escape quickly from the flame.

Gute Ergebnisse bei der Brennbarkeitsprüfung werden erzielt, wenn der Schrumpf der elektrisch leitenden Fäden das 1,2 bis 4fache, vorzugsweise das 2fache, des Schrumpfs der elektrisch nicht leitenden Fäden beträgt.Good results in the flammability test are achieved when the shrinkage of the electrically conductive threads amounts to 1.2 to 4 times, preferably 2 times, the shrinkage of the electrically non-conductive threads.

Die elektrisch nicht leitenden Fäden bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform bestehen aus einem Polypropylen, das mit einem flammhemmenden halogenhaltigen Additiv gefüllt und/oder beschichtet ist. Dieses Material ist kostengünstig und eignet sich daher besonders für die Fertigung großflächiger Gewebebahnen.The electrically non-conductive threads in an advantageous embodiment consist of a polypropylene, which with a flame-retardant halogen-containing additive is filled and / or coated. This material is inexpensive and is therefore particularly suitable for the production of large-area fabric webs.

Die elektrisch leitenden Fäden können aus einem Kunststoff hergestellt sein, bei dem über eine Füllung mit Partikeln von Metallen oder Metallverbindungen oder mit kohlenstoffhaltigen Partikeln wie Ruß oder Graphit die Leitfähigkeit erhöht ist. Eine solche Füllung kann kostengünstig durch Zumischung der leitfähigkeitserhöhenden Partikel zum Kunststoff-Rohstoff bewirkt werden.The electrically conductive threads may be made of a plastic in which the conductivity is increased via a filling with particles of metals or metal compounds or with carbonaceous particles such as carbon black or graphite. Such a filling can be effected inexpensively by adding the conductivity-increasing particles to the plastic raw material.

Es ist aber auch möglich, einen bereits an sich elektrisch leitfähigen Kunststoff zur Fadenherstellung zu verwenden, wodurch ein homogener Faden erhalten wird. Für die vorliegende Erfindung ist Polyanilin als leitfähiger Kunststoff gut geeignet. Der leitfähige Kunststoff kann als Zusatz dem Fadenwerkstoff zugegeben werden oder der Faden kann vollständig aus einem leitfähigen Kunststoff bestehen.But it is also possible to use an already electrically conductive plastic for thread production, whereby a homogeneous thread is obtained. For the present invention, polyaniline is well suited as a conductive plastic. The conductive plastic can be added as an additive to the thread material or the thread can be made entirely of a conductive plastic.

Die leitenden Fäden können mit Silber bedampft sein. Die gute elektrische Leitfähigkeit und die guten Haftungseigenschaften von Silber an dem Kunststoff ermöglichen eine elektrostatische Leitung über die Fadenaußenseite bei einer geringen Schichtdicke. Die Bedampfung der Fadenaußenseite kann auch bei einem Faden angewandt werden, der bereits mit leitfähigserhöhenden Zusätzen ausgerüstet oder gefüllt ist, wodurch die Leitfähigkeit weiter verbessert wird.The conductive threads can be vaporized with silver. The good electrical conductivity and the good adhesion properties of silver on the plastic enable an electrostatic conduction over the outside of the thread with a small layer thickness. The vaporization of the outside of the thread can also be applied to a thread that is already equipped or filled with conductive additives, whereby the conductivity is further improved.

Eine kostengünstige Ausbildungsform sieht vor, ein Monofilament, beispielsweise einen extrudierten Polyamidfaden, mit Metall zu bedampfen oder mit leitfähigen Partikeln auszurüsten.An inexpensive embodiment provides for steaming a monofilament, for example an extruded polyamide thread, with metal or providing it with conductive particles.

Die Flexibilität des Fadens ist erhöht bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform, bei der die elektrisch leitenden Fäden Multifilamente sind. Ein solcher Zwirn kann aus mehreren Fasern bestehen, von denen wenigstens eine Faser mit leitfähigen Partikeln gefüllt und/oder beschichtet ist. Es können gleich dicke Fasern miteinander verdrillt sein, wobei auch denkbar ist, um eine dickere, leitende Faser herum als Kern eine Ummantelung aus dünneren Fasern anzuordnen, mit denen die Reißfestigkeit erhöht ist.The flexibility of the thread is increased in another embodiment in which the electrically conductive threads are multifilaments. Such a thread may consist of several fibers, of which at least one fiber is filled and / or coated with conductive particles. Equally thick fibers may be twisted together, it being also conceivable to arrange a thicker, conductive fiber around the core as a sheathing of thinner fibers with which the tear strength is increased.

Um auch hohe Kräften aufnehmen und die elektrostatische Ableitung dabei sicherstellen zu können, sind die elektrisch leitenden Fäden aus einem Polyester, vorzugsweise aus Polyethylenterephtalat (PET), hergestellt.In order to absorb high forces and to be able to ensure the electrostatic discharge, the electrically conductive threads are made of a polyester, preferably of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung hinsichtlich der elektrischen Eigenschaften ist es, daß die elektrisch leitenden Fäden in Kette und/oder in Schuß eingewebt sein können. Wenn sowohl bei den Kett- als auch den Schußfäden elektrisch leitende eingewebt sind, wird bei der Herstellung körperhafter Gebilde aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Gewebe ein FARADAY-Käfig geschaffen. Elektrostatische Ladungen können somit zweidimensional abgeleitet werden und erhöhen die Sicherheit bei Verwendung des Gewebes in gefährdeter Atmosphäre. Eine Belastung des Gewebes kann dabei aufgrund gleichartiger Festigkeitswerte von elektrisch leitenden und nicht leitenden Fäden in beliebige Richtung erfolgen, ohne daß es zum Riß der leitenden Fäden kommt.A significant advantage of the invention in terms of electrical properties is that the electrically conductive threads can be woven into warp and / or weft. If electrically conductive are woven in both the warp and the weft threads, a FARADAY cage is created in the production of bodily structures of the fabric according to the invention. Electrostatic charges can thus be derived in two dimensions and increase the safety when using the fabric in an endangered atmosphere. A load on the fabric can be due to similar strength values of electrically conductive and non-conductive threads in any direction, without causing the crack of the conductive threads.

Um das Entziehen des schrumpfenden Fadens bei Flammeinwirkung zu verbessern, ist es vorteilhaft, daß der Querschnitt der elektrisch nicht leitenden Fäden das 2fache bis 10fache des Querschnitts der elektrisch leitenden Fäden beträgt. Die schrumpfende, elektrisch leitende Faser wird so nicht im Grundgewebe blockiert und kann sich ungehindert dem beflammten Bereich entziehen.In order to improve the removal of the shrinking thread when exposed to flame, it is advantageous that the cross section of the electrically non-conductive threads is 2 times to 10 times the cross section of the electrically conductive threads. The shrinking, electrically conductive fiber is not so in the Ground tissue blocks and can escape unhindered from the inflamed area.

Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist jeder zehnte bis achtzigste Kett- bzw. Schußfaden ein elektrisch leitender Faden ist, wodurch unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Herstellungskosten, der optischen Erscheinung des Gewebes und der elektrostatischen Eigenschaften eine ausgewogene Kombination erreicht ist.In a further embodiment of the invention, every tenth to eightieth warp thread is an electrically conductive thread, whereby a balanced combination is achieved from the viewpoint of the manufacturing cost, the optical appearance of the fabric and the electrostatic properties.

Um eine Bildung von "Inseln" von elektrostatisch isolierenden Gewebeabschnitten inmitten des Gitters aus elektrisch leitenden Fäden zu vermeiden, beträgt die Fläche des nichtleitenden Gewebes zwischen jeweils zwei, ein Rechteck einschließenden Kett- und Schußfäden höchstens 100 cm2. Es hat sich als vorteilhaft sowohl für die elektrischen Eigenschaften als auch für die Fertigung und die mechanische Belastbarkeit des Gewebes erweisen, wenn der Abstand der elektrisch leitenden Fäden zueinander in Kettrichtung (3) 1 bis 5 cm, vorzugsweise 2,5 cm, beträgt und in Schußrichtung 10 cm bis 60 cm, vorzugsweise 40 cm, beträgt.In order to avoid formation of "islands" of electrostatically insulating fabric sections in the middle of the grid of electrically conductive threads, the area of the non-conductive fabric between each two warp and weft threads enclosing a rectangle is at most 100 cm 2 . It has proved to be advantageous for both the electrical properties as well as for the production and the mechanical strength of the fabric, if the distance of the electrically conductive threads to each other in the warp direction (3) 1 to 5 cm, preferably 2.5 cm, and in Weft direction 10 cm to 60 cm, preferably 40 cm.

Umgebungseinflüsse wie die Luftfeuchtigkeit können den erforderlichen Oberflächenwiderstand und den Erdableitwiderstand, bei welchen eine Ladungsableitung erreicht wird, beeinflussen. Die Widerstände sollten so klein wie möglich sein, um in jedem Fall eine sichere Ableitung elektrostatischer Ladungen zu bewirken. Es ist daher ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung, daß bei der Erfindung aufgrund der guten Leitfähigkeit der elektrisch leitenden Fäden und der geeigneten Anordnung der Fäden im Gewebe ein Oberflächenwiderstand und ein Erdableitwiderstand (nach DIN 53 482) von kleiner als 104 Ω - bei gleichzeitigen flammhemmenden Eigenschaften des Gewebes und guten mechanischen Festigkeitswerten - erzielbar ist.Environmental influences such as humidity can affect the required surface resistance and earth leakage resistance at which charge dissipation is achieved. The resistances should be as small as possible, in any case to effect a safe dissipation of electrostatic charges. It is therefore an essential advantage of the invention that in the invention, due to the good conductivity of the electrically conductive threads and the appropriate arrangement of the threads in the fabric, a surface resistance and Erdableitwiderstand (according to DIN 53 482) of less than 10 4 Ω - with simultaneous flame retardant Properties of the fabric and good mechanical strength values - is achievable.

Um zur Herstellung hochfester Verpackungen oder Auskleidungsbahnen geeignet zu sein, hat das Gewebe vorteilhafterweise eine Bruchfestigkeit von 50 N/mm2 bis 250 N/mm2 bei einer Bruchdehnung von 10% bis 50%.In order to be suitable for producing high strength packages or liners, the fabric advantageously has a breaking strength of 50 N / mm 2 to 250 N / mm 2 at an elongation at break of 10% to 50%.

Vorteilhaft ist, daß der Elastizitätsmodul der elektrisch leitenden Fäden kleiner ist als der der nicht leitenden Fäden. Hierdurch wird verhindert, daß die elektrisch leitenden Fäden des Gewebes bei einer geringeren Belastung brechen als die Fäden des nicht leitenden Grundgewebes. Unterbrechungen im leitfähigen Gitter werden also in jedem Fall vermieden.It is advantageous that the modulus of elasticity of the electrically conductive threads is smaller than that of the non-conductive threads. This prevents that the electrically conductive threads of the fabric break at a lower load than the threads of the non-conductive base fabric. Interruptions in the conductive grid are thus avoided in any case.

Die Erfindung wird anhand eines Beispiels näher erläutert, das in der Zeichnung dargestellt ist. Die Figuren zeigen im einzelnen:

Fig. 1
ein erfindungsgemäßes Gewebe nach einem Beflammungsversuch in Draufsicht,
Fig. 2
ein Gewebe gemäß dem Stand der Technik nach einem Beflammungsversuch als Vergleichsbeispiel in Draufsicht,
Fig. 3
einen aus dem Gewebe gemäß der Erfindung hergestellten Schüttgutbehälter in perspektivischer Ansicht, und
Fig. 4
einen mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Gewebe ausgekleideten Schacht im Untertage-Bergbau in schematischer Schnittdarstellung.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an example, which is shown in the drawing. The figures show in detail:
Fig. 1
a fabric according to the invention after a flaming attempt in plan view,
Fig. 2
a fabric according to the prior art after a Beflammungsversuch as a comparative example in plan view,
Fig. 3
a perspective view of a bulk material container produced from the fabric according to the invention, and
Fig. 4
a lined with the fabric according to the invention shaft in underground mining in a schematic sectional view.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Abschnitt eines nach der Erfindung hergestellten Gewebes 100 dargestellt. Sowohl Kettfäden 3 als auch Schußfäden 4 sind Bändchen aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff. Solche Bändchen werden auf einfache Weise dadurch erhalten, daß eine Folie aus einem Kunststoff hergestellt wird, die anschließend durch Messer in Bahnrichtung in Bändchen geschnitten wird. Da auch Standardkunststoffe, insbesondere Polypropylen, geeignet sind und die Bändchen im Vergleich zu textilen Garnen eine große Breite von ca. 0,5 bis 5 mm haben, können kostengünstig großflächige Gewebe hergestellt werden. In das Gewebe 100 sind elektrisch leitende Fäden 2.1, 2.2 eingewebt, die hier zur besseren Darstellung schematisch als Doppellinie gezeichnet sind; bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform haben die elektrisch leitenden Fäden einen kleineren Querschnitt als die Fäden des Grundgewebes. Die leitenden Fäden 2.1, 2.2 sind sowohl in Kette, als auch in Schuß eingewebt, so daß eine Ableitung von elektrostatischer Elektrizität in allen Richtungen der Fläche erfolgen kann.In Fig. 1, a portion of a fabric 100 produced according to the invention is shown. Both warp threads 3 and weft threads 4 are tapes made of a thermoplastic material. Such tapes are obtained in a simple manner that a film is made of a plastic, which is then cut by knives in the web direction in strips. Since standard plastics, in particular polypropylene, are suitable and the ribbons in comparison to textile yarns have a large width of about 0.5 to 5 mm, cost-effective large-area fabric can be produced. In the fabric 100 electrically conductive threads 2.1, 2.2 are woven, which are drawn here for clarity better schematically as a double line; in a preferred embodiment, the electrically conductive threads have a smaller cross section than the threads of the base fabric. The conductive threads 2.1, 2.2 are woven in both warp and weft, so that a discharge of electrostatic electricity in all directions of the surface can take place.

Die elektrisch leitenden Fäden 2.1, 2.2 der bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind Zwirne, die aus mehreren Polyesterfasern texturiert sind, von denen wenigstens eine Faser, vorzugsweise 4 bis 6 Fasern, mit Silber bedampft ist. Die elektrisch leitenden Fäden 2.1, 2.2 sind monoaxial verstreckt. Die Verstreckung wird auf das 4 bis 10fache der Ausgangslänge bewirkt, wobei ein Streckungsverhältnis von 5 : 1 bis 6 : 1 für die meisten Kunststoffsorten günstig ist. Die Verstreckung wird nach Erwärmung des Kunststoffs auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der Glasübergangstemperatur eines amorphen Thermoplasten bzw. oberhalb der Kristallitschmelztemperatur eines teilkristallinen Thermoplasten durchgeführt und wird während der Abkühlung aufrechterhalten. Die Kunststoffmoleküle werden durch die Verstreckung ausgerichtet. Die durch das Abkühlen eingefrorene Konfiguration von in Verstreckungsrichtung ausgerichteten Molekülen entspricht nicht dem thermodynamischen Gleichgewichtszustand, so daß sich ein innerer Spannungszustand ergibt. Eine erneute Erwärmung, die die Moleküle beweglich macht, führt zu einem Abbau dieser Spannungen und damit zu einer zumindest teilweisen Rückbildung der aufgezwungenen Verformung. Der Effekt wird auch als "memory-effect" bezeichnet.The electrically conductive threads 2.1, 2.2 of the preferred embodiment are twines textured from a plurality of polyester fibers, of which at least one fiber, preferably 4 to 6 fibers, is vapor-deposited with silver. The electrically conductive threads 2.1, 2.2 are monoaxially stretched. The draw is effected at 4 to 10 times the original length, with a stretch ratio of 5: 1 to 6: 1 favorable for most types of plastics. The stretching is carried out after heating the plastic to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of an amorphous thermoplastic or above the crystallite melting temperature of a semi-crystalline thermoplastic and is maintained during cooling. The plastic molecules are aligned by the stretching. The configuration of stretched molecules frozen by cooling does not conform to the thermodynamic equilibrium state, resulting in an internal stress state. A renewed heating, which makes the molecules movable, leads to a reduction of these stresses and thus to an at least partial reversal of the imposed deformation. The effect is also called "memory-effect".

Werden also nun die elektrisch leitenden Fäden 2.1, 2.2 einer starken Erwärmung, beispielsweise durch eine offene Flamme oder durch die Wärme von Schmelze an benachbarten Fäden 3, 4 im Gewebe, ausgesetzt, so ziehen sich die leitenden Fasern 2.1, 2.2 zusammen und ihre Länge im erwärmten Bereich beträgt nur noch einen Bruchteil der Ausgangslänge.Thus, if now the electrically conductive threads 2.1, 2.2 exposed to strong heating, for example, by an open flame or by the heat of melt on adjacent threads 3, 4 in the fabric, so pull the conductive fibers 2.1, 2.2 together and their length in heated area is only a fraction of the initial length.

Beispiel (vgl. Fig. 1)Example (see Fig. 1)

Der untere Bereich des Gewebes 100 in Fig. 1 stellt die Gewebeveränderungen nach einem Versuch zur Ermittlung des Brandverhaltens dar. Die Prüfkriterien wurden entsprechend DIN/EN/ISO 6941 "Messung der Flammenausbreitungseigenschaftung vertikal angeordneter Proben" gewählt, wodurch eine Beurteilung gemäß der DIN 66083 durchführbar ist.The lower region of the tissue 100 in FIG. 1 represents the tissue changes after an attempt to determine the fire behavior. The test criteria were selected in accordance with DIN / EN / ISO 6941 "Measurement of the flame propagation property of vertically arranged samples", whereby an assessment in accordance with DIN 66083 can be carried out is.

Eine Brennerflamme wurde in einem Bereich 6 unter einem Winkel von 30° gegen die untere Kante 5 einer Gewebeprobe 100 gerichtet. In dem direkt beflammten Bereich 6 schmilzen die thermoplastischen Kett- und Schußfäden (3, 4) aufgrund der großen Wärme und bilden eine Kruste 7 aus Kunststoffschmelze. Da sie mit flammhemmenden Zusatzstoffen versehen sind, verlöschen die beflammten Fäden 3, 4 etwa ein bis zwei Sekunden nach dem Entfernen der Brennerflamme.A burner flame was directed in a region 6 at an angle of 30 ° against the lower edge 5 of a tissue sample 100. In the directly flamed region 6, the thermoplastic warp and weft threads (3, 4) melt due to the great heat and form a crumb 7 of plastic melt. Since they are provided with flame-retardant additives, the flamed filaments 3, 4 extinguish about one to two seconds after removal of the burner flame.

Die elektrisch leitenden Fäden 2.1, 2.2 sind in der Wärmeeinflußzone stark geschrumpft. Durch die von Brennerflamme und benachbarten schmilzenden Bändchen zugeführte Wärme wurden die Molekülketten des silberbedampften Polyesterzwirns beweglich und der aufgezwungene Verstreckungszustand wurde abgebaut.The electrically conductive threads 2.1, 2.2 are greatly shrunk in the heat affected zone. The heat supplied by the burner flame and adjacent melting ribbons made the molecular chains of the silver-vaporized polyester yarn mobile and the imposed state of stretching was degraded.

Da die elektrisch nicht leitenden Fäden 3, 4 des in diesem Beispiel dargestellten Gewebes 100 nicht schrumpfen, wird mit dem Schrumpf der leitenden Fäden 2.1, 2.2 eine Relativbewegung hervorgerufen, mit der sich die leitenden Fäden von der Gefahrenstelle weg und aus dem Grundgewebe hinaus ziehen. Es entsteht, durch den Schrumpf beispielsweise des leitenden Fadens 2.1, eine Lücke 8.1 im Gewebe 100, in der ein einzelner Kettfaden fehlt. Die Schußfäden 4 sind in dem Bereich 8.1 der Lücke jedoch sämtlich vorhanden, so daß die Festigkeit des Gewebes nicht wesentlich vermindert wird.Since the electrically non-conductive threads 3, 4 of the fabric 100 shown in this example do not shrink, the relative shrinkage of the conductive threads 2.1, 2.2 causes a relative movement causing the conductive threads to pull away from the point of danger and out of the ground fabric. The result is, by the shrinkage, for example, the conductive thread 2.1, a gap 8.1 in the fabric 100, in which a single warp thread is missing. However, the weft threads 4 are all present in the region 8.1 of the gap, so that the strength of the fabric is not significantly reduced.

Die Flamme breitet sich also nicht weiter im Gewebe aus und die Schadstelle im Gewebe bleibt auf den Bereich 6 der unmittelbaren Flammeinwirkung beschränkt, insbesondere bleiben außerhalb des direkt beflammten Bereichs sowohl die mechanischen als auch die elektrostatischen Eigenschaften des Gewebes erhalten.Thus, the flame does not propagate further in the tissue and the damage in the tissue is limited to the area 6 of the immediate action of flame, in particular, both the mechanical and the electrostatic properties of the tissue remain outside the directly flamed area.

Überraschenderweise hat sich demnach gezeigt, daß das erfindungsgemäße Gewebe 100 flammhemmend ist, obwohl der elektrisch leitende Faden 2.1, 2.2 nicht mit einem Gehalt an Zusatzstoffen gefüllt ist, der allein das Erlöschen einer Flamme bewirken könnte, wie es bei den Kett- und Schußfäden 3,4 der Fall ist.Surprisingly, it has thus been found that the fabric 100 according to the invention is flame retardant, although the electrically conductive thread 2.1, 2.2 is not filled with a content of additives which alone could cause the extinction of a flame, as in the warp and weft threads 3, 4 is the case.

Vergleichsbeispiel (vgl. Fig. 2)Comparative Example (see Fig. 2)

Der Versuch zur Ermittlung des Brandverhaltens wird an einer Probe aus einem aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Gewebe 200 wiederholt. Das Gewebe 200 besteht aus denselben Kettfäden 3 und Schußfäden 4, die im Gewebe 100 verwendet wurden; der Kunststoff der Fäden enthält ebenfalls flammhemmende Zusatzstoffe.The fire behavior test is repeated on a sample of fabric 200 known in the art. The fabric 200 consists of the same warp yarns 3 and wefts 4 used in the fabric 100; The plastic of the threads also contains flame retardant additives.

Die elektrisch leitenden Fäden 2.1', 2.2' sind Monofilamente, die einen hohen Anteil an Ruß aufweisen, wodurch eine gute Leitfähigkeit sichergestellt ist. Flammhemmende Zusatzstoffe sind nicht beimischbar, da die Festigkeit der Fäden wesentlich herabgesetzt werden würde.The electrically conductive threads 2.1 ', 2.2' are monofilaments, which have a high proportion of carbon black, whereby a good conductivity is ensured. Flame retardant additives are not immiscible because the strength of the threads would be significantly reduced.

Die Probe wird in derselben Versuchsanordnung wie beim zuvor beschriebenen Beispiel im Bereich 6' beflammt. Aufgrund des hohen Kohlenstoffgehalts wurde ein rasches Entzünden und dochtartiges Abbrennen der elektrisch leitenden Fäden 2.1', 2.2' beobachtet. Die Flamme zog sich entlang der gitterartig eingewebten Fäden 2.1', 2.2' durch das Gewebe 200, wobei auch die Fäden 3, 4 des Grundgewebes trotz der enthaltenen flammhemmenden Zusatzstoffe zerstört wurden. Der Versuch mußte bei dem in Fig. 2 wiedergegebenen Grad der Zerstörung des Gewebes 200 abgebrochen werden, da die Flamme nicht von selbst verlöschte.The sample is flamed in region 6 'in the same experimental setup as in the previously described example. Due to the high carbon content, rapid ignition and wicking of the electrically conductive filaments 2.1 ', 2.2' was observed. The flame pulled along the lattice-like woven threads 2.1 ', 2.2' through the fabric 200, whereby the threads 3, 4 of the background fabric were destroyed despite the contained flame retardant additives. The attempt had to be stopped at the degree of destruction of the fabric 200 shown in Fig. 2, since the flame did not extinguish by itself.

Mit dem Nachweis flammhemmender Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemäßen elektrisch leitenden Gewebes 100 ist dieses für Anwendungen in explosions- und/oder brandgefährdeter Umgebung geeignet, wie sie typischerweise in Lösemittel verarbeitenden Betrieben und im Bergbau aufgrund von Kohlenstaub und Methangas in der Luft unter Tage gegeben ist.With the detection of flame retardant properties of the electrically conductive fabric 100 according to the invention, it is suitable for applications in potentially explosive and / or fire-prone environments, such as those typically found in solvent processing plants and in the mining industry due to coal dust and methane gas in the air.

Figur 3 zeigt einen aus dem Gewebe 100 hergestellten flexiblen Schüttgutbehälter 10, der aus einem Tragbeutel 15 mit als Transportschlaufen 17, 17' ausgebildeten Tragegurt besteht. In seinem Deckelbereich 14 weist der Tragbeutel 15 einen Einfüllstutzen 18 und in seinem Bodenbereich 11 einen Auslaufstutzen 19 auf. Der Tragbeutel 5 ist aus dem hochfesten, elektrisch leitenden und flammhemmendem Kunstfasergewebe 100 hergestellt. Im Kragenbereich 16, im Deckelbereich 14 sowie im Bereich des Einfüll- 18 und Auslaufstutzens 19 kann zur Optimierung des Ableitverhaltens eine Verdichtung des Gitternetzes 12 aus elektrisch leitenden Fäden 2.1, 2.2 vorgesehen werden. Ebenso ist in das Material für die Trageschlaufen 17, 17' zur Gewährleistung der Ableitung leitfähiges Material eingearbeitet. Wichtig für die Sicherheit ist die lückenlose Erdung während der Befüllung und Entleerung, damit mögliche elektrostatische Aufladungen abgeleitet werden.FIG. 3 shows a flexible bulk goods container 10 produced from the fabric 100, which consists of a carrying bag 15 with carrying strap designed as transport loops 17, 17 '. In its lid region 14, the carrying bag 15 has a filler neck 18 and in its bottom region 11 an outlet nozzle 19. The carrier bag 5 is made of the high-strength, electrically conductive and flame-retardant synthetic fiber fabric 100. In the collar region 16, in the lid region 14 and in the region of the filling 18 and outlet nozzle 19, a compaction of the lattice network 12 of electrically conductive threads 2.1, 2.2 can be provided to optimize the discharge behavior. Likewise, in the material for the carrying loops 17, 17 'to ensure the discharge conductive Material incorporated. Important for safety is the seamless grounding during filling and emptying, so that possible electrostatic charges are dissipated.

Fig. 4 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch einen Schacht 30 unter Tage. Bei horizontal vorgetrieben Tunneln und Schächten großen Querschnitts muß, insbesondere wenn diese für den Personen- und/oder Materialtransport vorgesehen sind, das Deckgebirge 31 abgestützt werden. Dazu werden Träger 33 mit hydraulischen Stempeln 32 gegen das Gebirge 31 gedrückt. Um zwischen den Trägern 33 das Herabfallen von aus dem Gebirge 31 herausbrechenden, kleineren Gesteinsbrocken 34 zu verhindern, werden großflächige Auskleidungsbahnen oder -matten mit den Trägern 33 angepreßt. Dies können Drahtmatten sein, die allerdings schwer sind und entsprechend viel Transportkapazität benötigen. Bei Verwendung einer erfindungsgemäßen Gewebebahn 100 zur Auskleidung des Schachtes 30 steht ein wesentlich leichteres und einfach zuschneidbares Material zur Verfügung. Da das Gewebe 100 hochfest ist, reißt es auch beim Anpreßen gegen herausragende Gesteinsbrocken 34 nicht. Über das eingewebte Gitter aus elektrisch leitenden Fäden 2.1, 2.2 können elektrostatische Ladungen gegen die Erde abgeleitet werden. Ein mögliches Ausbreiten eines Feuers entlang der Auskleidungsbahn wird durch die flammhemmenden Eigenschaften des Gewebes 100 unterbunden.Fig. 4 shows a cross section through a shaft 30 underground. In horizontally advanced tunnels and shafts of large cross-section, especially when these are intended for the transport of persons and / or material, the overburden 31 must be supported. For this carrier 33 are pressed with hydraulic punches 32 against the mountains 31. In order to prevent the falling down of smaller rocks 32 breaking out of the mountains 31 between the beams 33, large-area lining sheets or mats are pressed with the beams 33. These can be wire mesh, but they are heavy and require a lot of transport capacity. When using a fabric web 100 according to the invention for lining the shaft 30 is a much lighter and easy to cut material available. Since the fabric 100 is high strength, it does not tear even when pressed against outstanding rocks 34. About the woven mesh of electrically conductive threads 2.1, 2.2 electrostatic charges can be discharged to the earth. A possible spread of fire along the liner web is inhibited by the flame retardant properties of the fabric 100.

Claims (21)

  1. Electrically conductive fabric (100) made of synthetic fibres, synthetic bands or synthetic threads for the production of high-strength packaging or coating strips, comprising nonelectrically conductive (3, 4) and electrically conductive threads (2.1, 2.2), wherein the nonelectrically conductive threads (3, 4) are provided, coated or filled with a flame retardant additive, wherein the electrically conductive threads (2.1, 2.2) are made of a thermoplastic synthetic which is provided or filled in a finely dispersed way with at least one conductivity increasing additive or wherein the electrically conductive threads (2.1, 2.2) are coated with at least one conductivity increasing additive and wherein at least the electrically conductive threads (2.1, 2.2) are adapted to be shrunk in length by means of the effect of heat, wherein the shrinkage of the electrically conductive threads (2.1, 2.2) is greater than the shrinkage of the nonelectrically conductive threads (3, 4).
  2. Fabric (100) according to claim 1, characterised in that with the effect of heat the shrinkage of the electrically conductive threads (2.1, 2.2) is 1.2 to 4 times, preferably 2 times, the shrinkage of the nonelectrically conductive threads (3, 4).
  3. Fabric (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the conductivity increasing additive is a metal or a metal compound, preferably in particle form.
  4. Fabric (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the conductivity increasing additive is carbon in the form of carbon black and / or graphite or an anorganic conductivity increasing substance.
  5. Fabric (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the conductivity increasing additive is an intrinsic polymer, preferably polyanilin.
  6. Fabric (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the electrically conductive threads (2.1, 2.2) are coated with silver.
  7. Fabric (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the electrically conductive threads (2.1, 2.2) are monofilaments.
  8. Fabric (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the electrically conductive threads (2.1, 2.2) are multifilaments, of which at least one fibre is provided with conductivity increasing additives.
  9. Fabric (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the electrically conductive threads (2.1, 2.2) are produced from a polyester, preferably polyester ethylene terephthalate (PET).
  10. Fabric (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the electrically conductive threads (2.1, 2.2) are incorporated in warp (3) and / or weft (4).
  11. Fabric (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the nonelectrically conductive threads (3, 4) are made of a polypropylene which is filled and / or coated with a flame retardant halogen-containing additive.
  12. Fabric (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the cross-section of the nonelectrically conductive threads (3, 4) is two to ten times the cross-section of the electrically conductive threads (2.1, 2.2).
  13. Fabric (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the elasticity module of the electrically conductive threads (2.1, 2.2) is lower than the elasticity module of the remaining thread material incorporated in warp (3) and weft (4).
  14. Fabric (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the distance of the electrically conductive threads (2.1, 2.2) from each other in the warp direction (3) is 1 to 5 cm, preferably 2.5 cm, and in the weft direction (4) 10 cm to 60 cm, preferably 40 cm.
  15. Fabric (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 to 16, characterised in that every tenth to eighteenth warp (3) or weft thread (4) is an electrically conductive thread (2.1, 2.2).
  16. Fabric (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 to 17, characterised in that the surface resistance and / or earth leakage resistance of the fabric is lower than 104 Ω.
  17. Fabric (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 to 16, characterised in that the breaking strength of the fabric (100) is 50 N/mm2 to 250 N/mm2 with a flexural strength of 10% to 50%.
  18. Bulk container (10) which comprises a flexible carrier bag and carrying devices such as carrying coil (17, 17'), eye, strap or similar and wherein at least the carrier bag has been produced from a high-strength fabric (100) according to at least one of the claims 2 to 17.
  19. Bulk container (10) according to claim 18, characterised in that the bulk container comprises in its cover region (14) and collar region (16) an increased number of electrically conductive threads in comparison with the rest of the fabric of the carrier bag.
  20. Bulk container (10) according to claim 18 or 19, characterised in that when using carrying loops (17, 17') these have also been produced from a high-strength fabric (100) according to at least one of the claims 1 to 17.
  21. Lining (30) for mining and deep-mining shafts which has been produced from a high-strength fabric (100) according to at least one of the claims 2 to 17.
EP99104698A 1998-03-20 1999-03-10 Flame retardant electrically conductive cloth Expired - Lifetime EP0943710B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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DE19812406 1998-03-20
DE19812406 1998-03-20
DE19826120A DE19826120C2 (en) 1998-03-20 1998-06-12 Flame retardant, electrically conductive fabric
DE19826120 1998-06-12

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EP0943710A3 EP0943710A3 (en) 2004-01-21
EP0943710B1 true EP0943710B1 (en) 2006-05-17

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FR2821528A1 (en) * 2001-03-02 2002-09-06 Fabregue Gestion Et Distrib Ve Double-layer safety garment, for use as e.g. undergarment for firefighter, has inner layer of natural fibers and outer layer of synthetic fibers joined by fiber yarns
CN104762722B (en) * 2015-03-27 2016-08-17 陕西锦澜科技有限公司 A kind of polyester-cotton blend fire-resistant antistatic fabric and preparation method thereof
DE102015219911A1 (en) 2015-10-14 2017-04-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Thread for producing an electrically conductive fabric, method for producing the thread, electrically conductive fabric and method for its production and garment
US10400366B2 (en) * 2017-06-14 2019-09-03 Apple Inc. Fabric items having strands varying along their lengths
CN108194142A (en) * 2017-12-25 2018-06-22 河北煤炭科学研究院 Recessive fissure zone detection method

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GB2104929A (en) * 1981-07-06 1983-03-16 Milliken Ind Ltd Industrial fabrics
DE3938414C2 (en) * 1989-08-19 1994-04-14 Eurea Verpackung Bulk goods container made of a woven carrier bag and carrier devices attached to it
DE19612225A1 (en) * 1996-03-27 1997-10-02 Rotecno Ag Electrically conductive yarns
DE29710701U1 (en) * 1997-06-19 1997-08-28 Schulte, Klaus, Dr., 44149 Dortmund Permanently conductive fabric for underground use

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EP0943710A3 (en) 2004-01-21
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EP0943710A2 (en) 1999-09-22
DE29823441U1 (en) 1999-06-02

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