GB2104929A - Industrial fabrics - Google Patents

Industrial fabrics Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2104929A
GB2104929A GB08120806A GB8120806A GB2104929A GB 2104929 A GB2104929 A GB 2104929A GB 08120806 A GB08120806 A GB 08120806A GB 8120806 A GB8120806 A GB 8120806A GB 2104929 A GB2104929 A GB 2104929A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
fabric
parts
fabric according
finish
yarns
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB08120806A
Inventor
Karen Hall
Charles Nicholas Berczi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Milliken Industrials Ltd
Original Assignee
Milliken Industrials Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Milliken Industrials Ltd filed Critical Milliken Industrials Ltd
Priority to GB08120806A priority Critical patent/GB2104929A/en
Priority to DE19823225080 priority patent/DE3225080A1/en
Priority to FR8211769A priority patent/FR2510620A1/en
Publication of GB2104929A publication Critical patent/GB2104929A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/08—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with halogenated hydrocarbons
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/80—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with boron or compounds thereof, e.g. borides
    • D06M11/82—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with boron or compounds thereof, e.g. borides with boron oxides; with boric, meta- or perboric acids or their salts, e.g. with borax
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/20—Metallic fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/16—Physical properties antistatic; conductive
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/10—Packaging, e.g. bags
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/20—Industrial for civil engineering, e.g. geotextiles

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Abstract

Fabrics for industrial purposes, and more especially for use as grout bags in areas of fire hazard, such as coal mines, comprise plain woven fabrics composed of textured continuous filament synthetic yarns in both warp and weft. With from 40 to 380 ends and 40 to 380 picks per dm and with yarns of 110 to 2200 dtex, the fabrics have a structure close enough to retain cementitious aggregates while allowing surplus water to drain away. A finish comprising a synergistic combination of a brominated aromatic compound and a metal borate salt in a wash- resistant polymeric binder ensures water-resistant flame-retardant properties. For use in coal mines, the fabric may contain epithropic fibres or the finish may contain conductive carbon.

Description

SPECIFICATION Industrial fabrics This invention relates to industrial fabrics, and more especially to fabrics suitable for use in areas of fire hazard by virtues of their non-flammable and electrically conductive properties.
In mining, and more especially in coal mining, textile fabrics are used for a variety of purposes where the properties mentioned above are desirable. There is particular need for satisfactory fabrics for use in bags for holding slurries of cementitious material until set. For example, grout bags can be employed to fill the void between a steel supporting arch and the rockface in mine roadways, so as to prevent stress faults from developing. Also, pump bags can be used to support the rock roof exposed as a coalface advances, so as to prevent rockfalls; in this they would replace wood or hydraulic roof supports. Both these techniques are quicker and simpler than the conventional ones they would replace, give better load distribution and can reduce water and gas seepage.
The principal requirements for fabrics for such purposes are that they must have a sufficiently close structure to hold back cementitious aggregates, but open enough to allow surplus water to drain away during filling of the bags. They must be self-extinguishing and without after-glow; and they must have an electrical resistance not exceeding 3x108 ohms,* to avoid build-up of static electricity. In addition, it is desirable that the fabrics should be flexible and stretch sufficiently to accommodate to a rock face, have adequate seam slipping and seam bursting resistance, and that their fire resistance and conductivity properties should be fast to washing, flexing and rubbing, as described in N.C.B.
Specification No. 245/1961.
Various fabrics have been tested for such.appíications, but have proved less than satisfactory. For example, a needle felt has been found difficult to seam and difficult fo finish with the necessary fireresistance and conductivity. Moreover, although it stretches and conforms well to rock surfaces, it is weak and liable to burst, and tears at the stitching. Non-woven fabrics have also been tested, but although they can be made fire-resistant and conductive, they become stiff and conform less well to rock surfaces.
The present invention now provides fabrics and finishes which are more satisfactory for use in grout bags and pump bags and in other situations for which their particular properties make them suitable.
According to a first aspect of the invention, an industrial fabric suitable for the purposes discussed comprises a plain woven fabric composed of textured continuous filament synthetic yarns in both warp and weft. This aspect of the invention also comprehends grout and pump bags made from such fabrics. Polyester yarns are preferred and have the advantage of being cheaper and easier to flame-retard than nylon. In some cases, however, for example where it is desired to provide electrical conductivity by the use of epithropic fibres, nylon may be preferred. Stainless steel filaments may be included in the fabrics to confer conductivity, but they are expensive and decrease the extensibility of the fabric.
The preferred fabrics are woven bulked yarns having counts in the range 110 to 2200 dtex, and may have from 40 to 380 ends and 40 to 380 picks per dm as woven. They are preferably scoured and dried slack to develop their bulk and stretch characteristics, and a finish is then supplied as described below.
In accordance with a second aspect of this invention there is provided a flame-retardant finish, suitable for use on the foregoing fabrics for making grout or pump bags, but equally suitable for other applications where fire-retardant and possibly electrically conductive properties of similar fastness are required.
The finish according to the invention comprises essentially a synergistic combination of a brominated aromatic compound and a metal borate salt, together with a water-resistant polymeric binder, which may itself have fire-retardant properties. Where the finish is required to provide electrical conductivity, it should also contain conductive carbon black.
Preferred formulations for the finish comprise 40-55 parts brominated aromatic compound, 1 5-30 parts metal borate salt, 1 0-30 parts water-resistant organic polymeric binder and, if electrical conductivity is also to be conferred by the finish, 0.25-20 parts conductive carbon more usually 0.25 to 3.0 parts, depending on the characteristics of the carbon employed. All these quantities are given per 100 parts dry solids. The finish may also contain a dispersing agent and, where necessary, a buffer. Where a less conductive carbon is employed, a greater amount must be used, for example more than 10%, in which case a larger amount of flame-retardant must be applied than would otherwise be necessary.
The first component of the fire-retardant system is a brominated aromatic compound. These agents are durable, in contrast to inorganic flame retardant, which are too readily removed by washing.
A typical example of a brominated aromatic agent is decabromodiphenyl oxide (DBDO), although others of similar properties may be used.
*as described in N.C.B. Specification No. 1 58/1 971 part 4: Method of text for electrical resistance including amendment No. 3 (March 1973).
The second component is a metal borate salt, and more especially a water insoluble borate such as that of zinc or calcium. It has been found that the borate salt has a synergistic effect in combination with the aromatic compound, and provides a highly effective after-glow suppressant. This is in contrast to many other agents, such as antimony trioxide, which gives too much after-glow, and alumina trihydrate, which is difficult to apply.
The binder is an important component, since it renders the finish washable and may itself have flame-retardant properties. It has been discovered that of all the very wide range of possible binders, a self cross-linkable acrylic/vinylidene chloride copolymer gives outstandingly good results. A satisfactory alternative is an acrylic polymer cross-linked with melamine- or urea-formaldehyde, but the copolymer gives a softer handle, which makes bags formed of the finished fabric easier to place in position and gives them a high seam burst strength.After application and drying, the baking conditions required to achieve optimum performance are dictated by the nature of the binder system, but is typically 2-3 minutes exposure at temperature of 1 500C to 1 800 C. If a thickener is used, for example to enable coarser particles ot flame-retardant to be satisfactorily dispersed, it is preferred that a poly-acrylic acid or polyacrylate thickener be used with the above binders.
The dispersion is mixed with the other components and is diluted to the required concentration with water, applied, dried and cured by heat.
White fabrics may be preferred for use in mines, because of their greater reflectance and visibility.
White fabrics according to the invention can be produced by omitting the conductivity component from the finish and using epithropic fibres in the fabric. Typical epithropic fibres are composed of nylon with the incorporation of conductive carbon, primarily along one side of the fibre. They are currently available in a 20 denier or 22 dtex grade.
The following are specific examples of fabrics and finishes according to the invention, which are described for a better understanding of the preferred practice thereof, but without any intention of limiting the invention thereto.
Fabric Example 1 A particularly preferred fabric is plain weave fabric in which both warp and weft consist of 2x2x220 dtex false-twist textured polyester filament yarn with 80 TPM twist. The texturing process is similar to that described in U.S. Patent 4,011,640.
The fabric is woven at 110 ends/dm, 114 picks/dm and has a weight in loom state of 235 g/m2.
After weaving, the fabric is scoured and boiled on a winch or wash range, and dried on a stenter.
Example 2 Another example of a fabric according to this invention is a plain weave fabric of 550f 96 dtex polyester ('Terylene' Type 113) air textured by the "Taslan" process to 605 dtex for both warp and weft.
The fabric is woven with 140 ends/dm and 140 picks/dm and has a loom state weight of 180 g/m2.
Finish The following is an example of a preferred finish suitable for application to either of the fabrics of Examples 1 and 2.
Example 3 parts per 100 parts solid DBDO 45 Zinc borate 27 Acrylic/vinylidene chloride copolymer binder 17.3 Conductive carbon 2.21 Dispersing agent 7.5 Buffer 1.0 The formulation is dispersed in water and applied to the fabric by padding. The fabric is then dried and baked at a temperature of 1 600C for 1 50 seconds.
The preferred level of take-up of the finishing materials is about 40% finishing solids by weight on the fabric above in the finished condition (omitting additives). After finishing, the fabrics have the following characteristics: Example 1-126 ends/dm, 126 picks/dm, 419 9/m2 finished weight.
Example 2-1 53 ends/dm, 1 53 picks/dm, 298 g/m2 finished weight.

Claims (11)

Claims
1. An industrial fabric comprising a plain woven fabric in which both warp and weft are composed of textured continuous filament man-made yarns.
2. A fabric according to claim 1 in which the yarns are composed of polyester filaments.
3. A fabric according to claim 2 in which the yarns have counts in the range 110 to 2200 dtex and the fabric has from 40 to 380 ends and from 40 to 380 picks per dm.
4. A fabric according to claim 1 including epithropic conductive fibres.
5. An industrial fabric substantially as described in either Example 1 or Example 2.
6. A fabric according to any preceding claim bearing a finish comprising a synergistic combination of a brominated aromatic compound and a metal borate salt in a wash-resistant polymeric binder.
7. A fabric according to claim 6 in which the binder comprises a self-cross-linking acrylic/vinylidene chloride copolymer.
8. A fabric according to claim 6 or 7 in which the finish comprises per 100 parts of dry solids; 40-55 parts DBDO 1 5-30 parts zinc borate and, 0--20 parts conductive carbon.
9. A fabric according to claim 8 in which the take-up of the finish is from 26 to 74 per cent dry solids by weight, on the finished fabric.
10. A fabric substantially as described in Example 1 or 2 when finished with a composition substantially as described in Example 3.
11. A finishing composition for conferring washfast fire-retardant and after-glow suppressant properties on synthetic textiles, comprising from 40-55 parts brominated aromatic compound, preferably decabromodiphenyl oxide 1 5-30 parts water-insoluble metal borate salt, preferably zinc borate, and 10-30 parts water-resistant polymeric binder, preferably an acrylic/vinylidene chloride copolymer per 100 parts of dry solids, and preferably additionally containing 0.25-3.0 parts conductive carbon on the same basis.
11. A grout bag or pump bag for use in mines formed from a fabric according to any preceding claim.
12. A finishing composition for conferring wash-fast fire-retardant and after-glow suppressant properties on synthetic textiles, comprising from 4055 parts brominated aromatic compound,15 30 parts water-insolubie metal borate salt, and 10-30 parts water-resistant polymeric binder per 100 parts of dry solids.
13. A composition according to claim 12 additionally containing 0.25-3.0 parts conductive carbon on the same basis.
14. A composition according to claim 12 or 13 in which the brominated compound is decarbromo diphenyl oxide and the binder is an acrylic/vinylidene chloride copolymer.
1 5. A flame retardant and after-glow suppressant textile fabric of synthetic fibres finished with a composition according to any of claims 12 to 14.
New Claims or Amendments to Claims filed on 6 July 1 982 Superseded Claims: All New or Amended Claims:
1. A fire retardant industrial fabric comprising a plain woven fabric in which both warp and weft are composed of textured continuous filament man-made yarns, having counts in the range 110 to 2200 dtex and from 40 to 380 ends and from 40 to 380 picks per dm of fabric, and finish comprising a synergistic combination of a brominated aromatic compound and a metal borate salt in a washresistant polymeric binder.
2. A fabric according to claim 1 which is electrically conductive.
3. A fabric according to claim 2, in which at least some of the yarns include epithropic conductive fibres.
4. A fabric according to claim 2, in which the finish contains conductive carbon.
5. A fabric according to any preceding claim in which the yarns are composed of polyester filaments.
6. A fabric according to any preceding claim in which the binder comprises a self-cross-linking acrylic/vinylidene chloride copolymer.
7. A fabric according to claim 4 or 5 in which the finish comprises per 100 parts of dry solids: 40-55 parts decabromodiphenyl oxide 1 5-30 parts zinc borate and 0--20 parts conductive carbon.
8. A fabric according to claim 7 in which the take-up of the finish is from 26 to 74 per cent dry solids by weight, on the finished fabric.
9. A fabric woven substantially as described in Example 1 or 2 and finished substantially as described in Example 3.
10. A grout bag or pump bag for use in mines formed from a fabric according to any preceding claim.
GB08120806A 1981-07-06 1981-07-06 Industrial fabrics Withdrawn GB2104929A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08120806A GB2104929A (en) 1981-07-06 1981-07-06 Industrial fabrics
DE19823225080 DE3225080A1 (en) 1981-07-06 1982-07-05 FLAME RESISTANT FABRICS FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES AND MEANS THEREFOR
FR8211769A FR2510620A1 (en) 1981-07-06 1982-07-05 FLAME RETARDANT INDUSTRIAL FABRIC AND PRIMER COMPOSITION

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08120806A GB2104929A (en) 1981-07-06 1981-07-06 Industrial fabrics

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2104929A true GB2104929A (en) 1983-03-16

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GB08120806A Withdrawn GB2104929A (en) 1981-07-06 1981-07-06 Industrial fabrics

Country Status (3)

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DE (1) DE3225080A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2510620A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2104929A (en)

Cited By (49)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2157560A (en) * 1984-04-24 1985-10-30 Bernard Sidney Sadler Fire-protection material
EP0940487A3 (en) * 1998-03-06 2000-01-05 Basf Corporation Fire escape blanket and other melamine resin containing compositions and products with fire blocking properties
US7589037B2 (en) 2005-01-13 2009-09-15 Basofil Fibers, Llc Slickened or siliconized flame resistant fiber blends
US7703405B2 (en) 2005-09-22 2010-04-27 Waubridge Specialty Fabrics, Llc Method of producing a fire resistant fabric with stitchbonding
US8163664B2 (en) 2004-07-30 2012-04-24 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Fiberglass products for reducing the flammability of mattresses
USD727367S1 (en) 2011-10-07 2015-04-21 Caterpillar Inc. Adapter for a ground engaging machine implement
USD727368S1 (en) 2011-10-07 2015-04-21 Caterpillar Inc. Tip for a ground engaging machine implement
USD727369S1 (en) 2011-10-07 2015-04-21 Caterpillar Inc. Adapter for a ground engaging machine implement
USD727982S1 (en) 2011-10-07 2015-04-28 Caterpillar Inc. Tip for a ground engaging machine implement
USD727979S1 (en) 2011-10-07 2015-04-28 Caterpillar Inc. Tip for a ground engaging machine implement
USD727981S1 (en) 2011-10-07 2015-04-28 Caterpillar Inc. Tip for a ground engaging machine implement
USD727980S1 (en) 2014-04-08 2015-04-28 Caterpillar Inc. Tip for a ground engaging machine implement
USD728636S1 (en) 2013-08-01 2015-05-05 Caterpillar Inc. Coupler and tip for a ground engaging machine implement
USD728635S1 (en) 2013-08-01 2015-05-05 Caterpillar Inc. Coupler for a ground engaging machine implement
USD728637S1 (en) 2013-08-01 2015-05-05 Caterpillar Inc. Tip for a ground engaging machine implement
USD774108S1 (en) 2015-08-12 2016-12-13 Caterpillar Inc. Tip for a ground engaging machine implement
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USD775673S1 (en) 2015-08-12 2017-01-03 Caterpillar Inc. Tip for a ground engaging machine implement
US20170166394A1 (en) * 2014-07-21 2017-06-15 Goodwin Plc Fire resistant container
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DE4339078C2 (en) * 1993-11-16 1996-11-28 Alchimea Naturwaren Gmbh Process for improving the flame resistance of fibrous materials while improving the resistance to fungal, pest and bacterial attack
DE29823441U1 (en) * 1998-03-20 1999-06-02 Eurea Verpackungs GmbH & Co KG, 48432 Rheine Flame retardant electrically conductive fabric
DE19826120C2 (en) * 1998-03-20 2001-06-07 Eurea Verpackung Flame retardant, electrically conductive fabric

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Cited By (78)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2157560A (en) * 1984-04-24 1985-10-30 Bernard Sidney Sadler Fire-protection material
US6489256B1 (en) 1997-09-26 2002-12-03 George M. Kent Fire escape blanket and other melamine resin containing compositions and products with fire blocking properties
EP0940487A3 (en) * 1998-03-06 2000-01-05 Basf Corporation Fire escape blanket and other melamine resin containing compositions and products with fire blocking properties
US8163664B2 (en) 2004-07-30 2012-04-24 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Fiberglass products for reducing the flammability of mattresses
US7589037B2 (en) 2005-01-13 2009-09-15 Basofil Fibers, Llc Slickened or siliconized flame resistant fiber blends
US7703405B2 (en) 2005-09-22 2010-04-27 Waubridge Specialty Fabrics, Llc Method of producing a fire resistant fabric with stitchbonding
USD748681S1 (en) 2011-10-07 2016-02-02 Caterpillar Inc. Tip for a ground engaging machine implement
USD749145S1 (en) 2011-10-07 2016-02-09 Caterpillar Inc. Adapter for a ground engaging machine implement
USD727369S1 (en) 2011-10-07 2015-04-21 Caterpillar Inc. Adapter for a ground engaging machine implement
USD727982S1 (en) 2011-10-07 2015-04-28 Caterpillar Inc. Tip for a ground engaging machine implement
USD727979S1 (en) 2011-10-07 2015-04-28 Caterpillar Inc. Tip for a ground engaging machine implement
USD727981S1 (en) 2011-10-07 2015-04-28 Caterpillar Inc. Tip for a ground engaging machine implement
USD784424S1 (en) 2011-10-07 2017-04-18 Caterpillar Inc. Adapter for a ground engaging machine implement
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FR2510620A1 (en) 1983-02-04

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