EP0942883B1 - Method and device for an impulsed blowing of compressed air in order to remove caked or accumulated material of bulk goods in reaction containers - Google Patents

Method and device for an impulsed blowing of compressed air in order to remove caked or accumulated material of bulk goods in reaction containers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0942883B1
EP0942883B1 EP98951489A EP98951489A EP0942883B1 EP 0942883 B1 EP0942883 B1 EP 0942883B1 EP 98951489 A EP98951489 A EP 98951489A EP 98951489 A EP98951489 A EP 98951489A EP 0942883 B1 EP0942883 B1 EP 0942883B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressed air
storage container
piston
valve
control
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EP98951489A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0942883A1 (en
Inventor
Udo Leibling
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AGRICHEMA MATERIALFLUSSTECHNIK GMBH & CO. KG
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Agrichema Materialflusstechnik & Co KG GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/54—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
    • B65D88/64—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying preventing bridge formation
    • B65D88/70—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying preventing bridge formation using fluid jets
    • B65D88/703—Air blowing devices, i.e. devices for the sudden introduction of compressed air into the container

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method according to the preamble of claim 1 or claim 11.
  • Air cannons which are capable of Blow out compressed air in a controlled manner in order to generate correspondingly strong impact forces are used to remove material build-up or material build-up of bulk goods in bunkers, silos and similar reaction vessels used.
  • air cannons are particularly numerous in the cement industry used.
  • These blow-off devices or air cannons are based on the principle that compressed air stored in a storage container suddenly is blown off via a blow-out opening.
  • the control of the blow-off process is usually done through a quick exhaust valve located inside the storage tank or can be arranged outside the storage container.
  • Quick exhaust valves have a piston guided in a cylinder, which closes the air cannon's exhaust opening in the closed position.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method and a device create, with which the compressed air used for the launches towards can optimize for a reduction in volume.
  • this object is achieved by positive-controlled closing the piston of the quick exhaust valve after removal of the air blast peak by at least one third of the maximum value generated when the device was fired the air force.
  • These pressure ratios are dependent on the size of the storage container used within a period of e.g. 50-150 msec. reached.
  • the residual pressure in the storage tank is then included a value of 4 - 6 bar, depending on the individually adapted positive control of the piston. This results in significant savings in compressed air.
  • the air cannon can be operated in comparatively short time units be shot several times, especially with stubborn material build-up is of considerable advantage.
  • Such a positive control of the piston of the quick exhaust valve leaves achieve according to the device according to claim 1 in that the piston vestibule of the quick exhaust valve from the compressed air supply to the storage tank is uncoupled, i.e. regardless of the compressed air supply to the storage tank is pressurized with compressed air.
  • the piston vestibule of the quick exhaust valve from the compressed air supply to the storage tank is uncoupled, i.e. regardless of the compressed air supply to the storage tank is pressurized with compressed air.
  • the compressed air for filling the storage tank decoupled from the piston vestibule feed a choke into the adapter housing and from there to the storage tank.
  • this has the advantage that at Switchover of the quick-way valve from the venting position for firing in the position for the supply of compressed air in the piston vestibule in the Initial phase only throttled compressed air is fed into the adapter housing, so the compressed air in the initial phase in the control line to the piston antechamber pending.
  • a 2-way valve can also be used instead of a throttle, which is closed in the initial phase and then opened, however the force-controlled piston movement of the quick exhaust valve the compressed air that is always supplied via the throttle is in no way taken into account of the large volume of the storage container.
  • Another The advantage of the invention is that the piston is already at a low differential pressure can be operated in the closed position, with a low differential pressure turn in very cheap for a sudden closing impact in the shortest possible time.
  • the lower pressure / liter volume can be significantly faster be vented via the quick exhaust valves than at full operating pressure it is possible.
  • distances between the protective box in which the 3/2-way valve for controlling the Piston vestibule of the air blast devices are protected and the Quick exhaust control valve on the adapter housing of more than 30 m without significant delays in the switching operations can be bridged.
  • FIG. 1 shows a compressed air storage container 1 in a purely schematic manner Representation, at the flange-like outlet 2 as a T-shaped pipe socket formed adapter housing 3 via a flange 4 and screw connections 5 is attached.
  • a generally designated 6 Quick exhaust valve added which is shown in Fig. 1 Functional position with its piston bottom 7 an annular blow-out opening 8 of the adapter housing closes, on which one is only schematic and Air nozzle 9 shown in dashed lines above screw connections and the like is attached.
  • the quick exhaust valve 6 is in the exemplary embodiment shown as an example formed from a two-part piston 10a and 10b by a central bolts clamped together to form a uniform piston 11 are within a cylinder tube arranged in the adapter housing 3 12 is recorded and guided.
  • the cylinder tube 12 is within the adapter housing 3 with one end in a bore 13 and with its other end fastened in a via ribs 14 to the adapter housing 3 Ring 15 added.
  • the end of the discharge opening 8 removed Adapter housing 3 is closed by a cover 16, which is by screws 17 screwed to the adapter housing 3 and with one into the cylinder tube 12 engaging damping ring 18 is provided, the return movement of the piston 11 dampens and limits.
  • cover 16 cylinder tube 12 and piston top 19 the piston antechamber 20 of the quick exhaust valve 6 is limited, in which control compressed air via a control line indicated only schematically 21 is supplied via the opening 22.
  • control line 21 which at 23 from the compressed air supply line 24 to the storage tank 1 branches, there is a check valve 25, which is only one Flow of control air in the direction of arrow of line 21 allows a storage pot 26 with a sufficiently dimensioned storage volume to provide a sufficient operating pressure to close the piston 11 of the quick exhaust valve 6, as well as a multi-way valve, here a 3/2-way solenoid valve 27, which in one position supplies compressed air via the control line 21 to the piston antechamber 20 and in a different switching position, that is the venting position, causes the piston antechamber 20 to be vented.
  • a check valve 25 which is only one Flow of control air in the direction of arrow of line 21 allows a storage pot 26 with a sufficiently dimensioned storage volume to provide a sufficient operating pressure to close the piston 11 of the quick exhaust valve 6, as well as a multi-way valve, here a 3/2-way solenoid valve 27, which in one position supplies compressed air via the control line 21 to the piston antechamber 20 and in a different switching
  • the compressed air is from a suitable compressed air reservoir, not shown via a 3/2-way ball valve 28 to the storage tank 1 via a throttle 29 supplied in the illustrated embodiment by a in the adapter housing 3 introduced hole is formed and from there passes around the cylinder 12 of the quick exhaust valve 6 around the outlet 2 in the compressed air storage container 1.
  • the compressed air is supplied to the storage tank 1 through the opening 22 so that the piston vestibule 20 under operating pressure set and thus the piston 11 in the closed position shown in Fig. 1 is moved down to the blow-out opening 8.
  • the solenoid valve 27 switched to the venting position so that the vestibule 20 is vented. This prevents that provided in line 30 but not shown here Check valve an outflow of compressed air from the storage tank 1 via the opening 22.
  • the solenoid valve 27 is switched so that compressed air enters the piston antechamber 20 is supplied. Only then is the piston 11 closed possible if the storage container 1 is essentially empty, otherwise over the effective piston ring surface 31 is at a corresponding force that the Piston 11 presses upwards against the damping ring 18. This is because because because the compressed air supplied to the vestibule 20 has the path of least resistance searches and via the branch 30 in the direction of the storage container 1 flows so that the pressure in the antechamber 20 is insufficient, which is beyond the effective To overcome the piston surface 31 force applied via the storage container, to bring the piston 11 into the closed position. That is, only after extensive The piston 11 can be emptied into its closed position when the storage container 1 is emptied 1 are brought.
  • the piston antechamber 20 is entirely decoupled from the compressed air loading of the storage container 1, since the Compressed air for filling the storage container 1 via the compressed air line 24 and the throttle 29 is supplied separately from the piston antechamber 20, which in turn separate from the compressed air supply to the storage tank 1 control air via the Control line 21 and the opening 22 is supplied.
  • Fig. 2 shows the venting position of the device, for clarification the compressed air flows to the blow-out opening 8 are marked with an arrow. If the solenoid valve 27 is now switched over in this position, the full one is in position Operating pressure in the piston antechamber 20 from the storage pot 26, since an overflow the pressure from the piston antechamber 20 via the conventional line 30 to storage tank 1 is not possible. At the same time is through the throttle 29th ensures that the compressed air flow is the path of least resistance goes, first fully in the direction of the piston vestibule 20 via the control line 21 acts and only throttled overflow through the throttle 29 in the direction the storage container 1 takes place.
  • the positively controlled piston 11 according to the device according to the invention can this regardless of whether the storage container 1 is completely emptied is or not, be brought into the closed position, i.e. after 50-150 msec. and not only after 300 - 400 msec. if the storage container 1 largely is emptied.
  • FIG. 7 depends the course of the air blast force from different volumes of the storage container over time during device firing.
  • the curves has in common that the maximum air force at the start of the launch Device is present, and the air impulse force after approx. 20 - 25 msec. degrades, So the actual air blast is accomplished in the initial phase of the launching process becomes.
  • the positively controlled piston it is now possible to use the piston of the quick exhaust valve after this effective phase and not to wait until the storage tank is completely empty, so that when closing the piston after the initial phase of 50 - 150 msec. just a fraction of compressed air must be supplied to the container 1 until it for the Launch process is ready again.
  • the force-controlled Piston the phase of closing the piston of the quick exhaust valve determine chosen, so that expediently Solenoid valve 27 is provided with an electrical clock control, which one Closing or switching of the valve in a clock cycle of 50 msec. up to 1 sec variably enabled.
  • the storage pot 26 provided in the control line 21 has the advantage that the full operating pressure in the piston vestibule 20 even when it is in the Compressed air supply line 24 to pressure fluctuations or malfunctions, what reliable operation is very important.
  • a 2-way valve could also be provided, which the supply of compressed air via the compressed air supply line 24 into the adapter housing 3 closes briefly, so that the pressure in the control line 21 Piston antechamber 20 for the purpose of transferring the piston 11 into the closed position is built up, and then opens with a time delay and finally compressed air leads to storage tank 1.
  • FIG 3 shows the operating position of the device in the container forced ventilation, in which the ball valve 28 is switched to the venting position, whereby the compressed air supply is interrupted or blocked and at the same time the compressed air in the container 1 is discharged to the outside via the throttle 29 can be.
  • Fig. 4 shows a system with a series of devices for the sudden blowing out of compressed air, also called air cannons, which are designated in Fig. 4 with SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, etc. and can be fired one after the other.
  • the compressed air supply P V takes place at 40 from the network, the compressed air being supplied to a control unit, generally designated 41, which is shown in more detail with reference to FIG. 5.
  • the pressure P V is applied via a ring line 41 and is conducted via branch lines 42 to the individual air cannons SB1 etc. and at 43 into the adapter housing for filling the storage containers. 6, the line leading to the choke 29 being designated by 43.
  • Fig. 5 shows that the compressed air via the central line 40 via a check valve 44 to a 3/2-way ball valve 45 and from there via a filter regulator 46 is led to line 41, the compressed air flow of Pollutants are cleaned from the air and the condensed water is also removed becomes.
  • the line 41 then leads to the individual air cannons SB1-SB4 etc.
  • air is transferred via the T-piece 47 into a control line 48
  • Check valve 54 branched off and fed to a common storage pot 49, from where the control air is preferably via an additional filter regulator 50 and a control line 48 is routed to the solenoid valves located in a solenoid valve cabinet 51 (Fig. 4) are arranged.
  • the common storage pot 49 occurs the location of individual control pots 26 of FIGS. 1 and 2, the T-piece 47 with the branch point 23, the check valve 54 with the check valve 25, the common storage pot 49 with the storage pot 26 and the solenoid valves 51 in the protective housing with the quick exhaust control valve 53 with the solenoid valve 27 of the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 are comparable.
  • the common storage pot 49 here is analogous to the storage pot 26 in FIG 1 and 2 regardless of fluctuations or disturbances in the compressed air network sufficient compressed air to control the piston chambers of the air cannons ready.
  • This system can also cover long distances of up to 30 or 50 m can be bridged to the air cannons without affecting the operation of the air cannons.
  • Air cannon difficulties can occur when multiple devices are short shoot in a row. These difficulties arise because the Air cannons all over the main compressed air network in the manner of communicating tubes are connected. If there are several air cannons in a row shot down, they get from the compressed air network not enough compressed air supplied.

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for an impulsed blowing of compressed air in order to remove caked or accumulated material of bulk goods in containers, bunkers, silos or the like relating to method techniques. The inventive device comprises a compressed air storage container (1) to which compressed air is delivered from a reservoir via a line (24). The device also comprises an outlet opening (8) for the impulsed blowing of compressed air from the storage container (1), a quick-action ventilating valve (6) arranged on said storage container (1), and a piston (11) which is guided in a cylinder (12). Said piston is pressed against the outlet opening (8) during a corresponding pressure build-up in the piston chamber (20). In addition, the outlet opening (8) closes and during ventilation of the piston chamber (20), the piston is abruptly lifted from the outlet opening (8) such that the compressed air in the storage container (1) exits via the outlet opening (8) in an impulsed manner. The piston chamber (20) of the quick-action ventilating valve (6) which is separated from the compressed air delivery to the storage container (1) can be pressurized with compressed air.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 bzw. Anspruch 11.The invention relates to a device and a method according to the preamble of claim 1 or claim 11.

Derartige Vorrichtungen, auch Luftkanonen genannt, die in der Lage sind, Druckluft gesteuert stoßartig auszublasen, um entsprechend starke Stoßkräfte zu erzeugen, werden zur Beseitigung von Materialanbackungen oder Materialaufstauungen von Schüttgütern in Bunkern, Silos und dgl. Reaktionsbehältern verwendet. Insbesondere werden derartige Luftkanonen zahlreich in der Zementindustrie verwendet. Diese Abblasvorrichtungen bzw. Luftkanonen basieren auf dem Prinzip, daß in einem Speicherbehälter gespeicherte Druckluft schlagartig über eine Ausblasöffnung abgeblasen wird. Die Steuerung des Abblasvorganges erfolgt in aller Regel durch ein Schnellentlüftungsventil, das innerhalb des Speicherbehälters oder außerhalb des Speicherbehälters angeordnet sein kann. Derartige Schnellentlüftungsventile besitzen einen in einem Zylinder geführten Kolben, der in Schließstellung die Ausblasöffnung der Luftkanone schließt. Wird der Kolbenvorraum des Schnellentlüftungsventils entlüftet, was durch entsprechende Schaltung eines Magnetventils erfolgt, so wird durch die Druckluft des Speicherbehälters, die auf eine gegenüber dem Speicherbehälter freiliegende Ringfläche des Kolbens einwirkt, der Kolben schlagartig infolge eines fehlenden Gegendrucks im Kolbenvorraum von der Ausblasöffnung abgehoben, so daß die Druckluft aus dem Speicherbehälter über die nunmehr freie Ausblasöffnung entweichen kann und damit die Vorrichtung schlagartig abgeblasen wird.Devices of this type, also called air cannons, which are capable of Blow out compressed air in a controlled manner in order to generate correspondingly strong impact forces are used to remove material build-up or material build-up of bulk goods in bunkers, silos and similar reaction vessels used. Such air cannons are particularly numerous in the cement industry used. These blow-off devices or air cannons are based on the principle that compressed air stored in a storage container suddenly is blown off via a blow-out opening. The control of the blow-off process is usually done through a quick exhaust valve located inside the storage tank or can be arranged outside the storage container. such Quick exhaust valves have a piston guided in a cylinder, which closes the air cannon's exhaust opening in the closed position. Will the Piston vestibule of the quick exhaust valve is vented, which by appropriate If a solenoid valve is switched, the compressed air in the storage tank on an exposed ring surface in relation to the storage container of the piston acts, the piston suddenly due to a lack of back pressure lifted from the blow-out opening in the piston antechamber so that the Compressed air from the storage tank through the now free discharge opening can escape and the device is suddenly blown off.

Um den abgeblasenen Speicherbehälter nach dem Abschießvorgang wieder mit Druckluft zu füllen, wird das dem Kolbenvorraum vorgeschaltete Magnetventil aus seiner Entlüftungsstellung so geschaltet, daß aus einem Speicherreservoir stammende Druckluft wieder dem Kolbenvorraum zugeführt wird. Gleichzeitig erfolgt über eine Zweigleitung die Zufuhr von Druckluft zum Speicherbehälter. Infolge der Druckluftzufuhr in den Kolbenvorraum des Schnellentlüftungsventils, wird der Kolben wieder in seine Schließstellung verbracht, in der die Ausblasöffnung der Luftkanone abgeschlossen ist. Eine derartige Vorrichtung, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruch 1, ist in der EP-A-0 246 617 beschrieben.To the blown-off storage container after the firing process again The solenoid valve upstream of the piston antechamber is used to fill compressed air switched from its venting position so that from a storage reservoir Coming compressed air is fed back to the piston vestibule. simultaneously compressed air is supplied to the storage tank via a branch line. As a result of the supply of compressed air to the piston antechamber of the quick exhaust valve, the piston is brought back into its closed position, in which the discharge opening the air cannon is locked. Such a device, according to the preamble of claim 1, is described in EP-A-0 246 617.

Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, daß sich der Abblasvorgang selbst bei unterschiedlich großen Speicherbehältern in vergleichbaren Phasen abspielt, wobei der Anfangsphase, das ist innerhalb eines Zeitbereichs von 20 - 25 msec., die maximale Luftstoßkraft ansteht, die für die angestrebte Beseitigung der Materialanbackungen maßgeblich ist. Nach dieser Anfangsphase fällt die Luftstoßkraft über die Zeit zunehmend ab, wobei der Speicherbehälter je nach Volumengröße nach 200 - 400 msec. im wesentlichen leer ist. Die Erfinderin hat nun erkannt, daß sich erhebliche Einsparungen an Druckluft ergeben, wenn die Umsteuerung des Schnellventils in Schließstellung des Kolbens nicht erst dann erfolgt, wenn der Speicherbehälter im wesentlichen ausgeblasen ist, sondern zu einem Zeitpunkt nach Erzeugung der maximalen Luftstoßkraft, also etwa nach 50 - 150 msec. abhängig von der Volumengröße des Speicherbehälters, und zwar insbesondere zu einem Zeitpunkt, wo die Luftstoßkraft sich auf etwa ein Drittel oder die Hälfte des maximalen Kraftwertes reduziert hat. Geht man davon aus, daß bei einer Luftkanone mit 110 l Speichervolumen und einem Betriebsdruck von 8 bar das Schließen des Schnellentlüftungsventils bereits bei einem Behälterrestdruck von 4 bar im Speicherbehälter erfolgt, so ergibt sich bei durchschnittlich 4 Abschüssen pro Stunde eine Drucklufteinsparung von etwa 1,8 cm3/std. Das würde bei den derzeitigen Kosten von Druckluft unter der Annahme von durchschnittlich 7000 Betriebsstunden pro Luftkanone zu einer Einsparung von ca. DM 650,- pro Gerät führen. Berücksichtigt man, daß in der Zementindustrie an einem Vorwärmesystem für Drehofenanlagen bis zu 120 Geräte gleichzeitig eingesetzt werden, dann ergibt dies jährlich eine Einsparung von ca. DM 30.000,- pro Anlage, wenn man von einem Durchschnittswert von 50 Geräten ausgeht.Investigations have shown that the blow-off process takes place in comparable phases, even with storage tanks of different sizes, with the initial phase, that is within a time range of 20-25 msec., The maximum air force, which is decisive for the intended removal of the material caking. After this initial phase, the air impulse decreases over time, with the storage tank depending on the volume size after 200 - 400 msec. is essentially empty. The inventor has now recognized that there are considerable savings in compressed air if the reversing of the quick valve in the closed position of the piston does not take place only when the storage container is essentially blown out, but at a point in time after the maximum air impulse force has been generated, that is to say after about 50 - 150 msec. depending on the volume size of the storage container, in particular at a time when the air blast force has reduced to about a third or half of the maximum force value. If one assumes that with an air cannon with a storage volume of 110 l and an operating pressure of 8 bar, the quick exhaust valve closes at a residual tank pressure of 4 bar in the storage tank, this results in compressed air savings of around 1.8 with an average of 4 kills per hour cm 3 / h Given the current cost of compressed air, assuming an average of 7000 operating hours per air cannon, this would result in a saving of approx. DM 650 per device. If one takes into account that up to 120 devices are used simultaneously in a preheating system for rotary kilns in the cement industry, this results in annual savings of approx. DM 30,000 per plant if one assumes an average value of 50 devices.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es somit, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, mit der sich die für die Abschüsse verbrauchte Druckluft in Richtung auf eine Mengenreduzierung optimieren läßt.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a method and a device create, with which the compressed air used for the launches towards can optimize for a reduction in volume.

Diese Aufgabe wird verfahrensmäßig gemäß dem Anspruch 11 gelöst durch zwangsgesteuertes Schließen des Kolbens des Schnellentlüftungsventils nach Abbau der Luftstoßkraftspitze um wenigstens ein Drittel des beim Abschießen der Vorrichtung erzeugten Maximalwertes der Luftstoßkraft. Diese Druckverhältnisse sind je nach Größe des verwendeten Speicherbehälters innerhalb eines Zeitraumes von z.B. 50 - 150 msec. erreicht. In der Regel liegt der Restdruck im Speicherbehälter dann bei einem Wert von 4 - 6 bar, abhängig von der individuell angepaßten Zwangssteuerung des Kolbens. Es ergeben sich somit wesentliche Einsparungen an Druckluft. Ferner kann innerhalb vergleichsweise kurzer Zeiteinheiten die Luftkanone mehrfach abgeschossen werden, was insbesondere bei hartnäckigen Materialanbackungen von erheblichem Vorteil ist.In terms of the method, this object is achieved by positive-controlled closing the piston of the quick exhaust valve after removal of the air blast peak by at least one third of the maximum value generated when the device was fired the air force. These pressure ratios are dependent on the size of the storage container used within a period of e.g. 50-150 msec. reached. As a rule, the residual pressure in the storage tank is then included a value of 4 - 6 bar, depending on the individually adapted positive control of the piston. This results in significant savings in compressed air. Furthermore, the air cannon can be operated in comparatively short time units be shot several times, especially with stubborn material build-up is of considerable advantage.

Eine derartige Zwangssteuerung des Kolbens des Schnellentlüftungsventils läßt sich vorrichtungsgemäß gemäß dem Anspruch 1 dadurch erreichen, daß der Kolbenvorraum des Schnellentlüftungsventils von der Druckluftzufuhr zum Speicherbehälter abgekoppelt wird, also unabhängig von der Druckluftzufuhr zum Speicherbehälter mit Druckluft beaufschlagt wird. Anders als bei konventionellen Vorrichtungen, bei denen beim Beaufschlagen des Kolbenvorraums zugleich ein Überströmen von Druckluft zum Speicherbehälter erfolgt, was die Wirksamkeit des Schließvorganges beeinträchtigt, und das Schließen des Kolbens des Schnellentlüftungsventils erst bei weitgehend leerem Speicherbehälter ermöglicht, steht nunmehr sofort der entsprechende Betriebsdruck für die Betätigung des Kolbens des Schnellentlüftungsventils an, der somit individuell in Anpassung an vorgegebene und gewünschte Arbeitsverhältnisse beim Abblasen in Schließstellung gesteuert werden kann.Such a positive control of the piston of the quick exhaust valve leaves achieve according to the device according to claim 1 in that the piston vestibule of the quick exhaust valve from the compressed air supply to the storage tank is uncoupled, i.e. regardless of the compressed air supply to the storage tank is pressurized with compressed air. Unlike conventional devices, in which an overflow occurs when the piston antechamber is acted upon of compressed air to the storage tank, which is the effectiveness of Closing process impaired, and the closing of the piston of the quick exhaust valve only possible if the storage tank is largely empty now immediately the corresponding operating pressure for the actuation of the piston of the quick exhaust valve, which is thus individually adapted to the specified one and desired working relationships when blowing in the closed position controlled can be.

Hierbei ist es insbesondere bei einem außerhalb des Speicherbehälters in einem Adaptergehäuse angeordneten Schnellentlüftungsventil zweckmäßig, die Druckluft für die Füllung des Speicherbehälters entkoppelt vom Kolbenvorraum über eine Drossel in das Adaptergehäuse und von dort zum Speicherbehälter zuführen. Nach dem Abschießen des Speicherbehälters hat dies den Vorteil, daß bei Umschaltung des Schnellwegeventils von der Entlüftungsstellung für den Abschuß in die Stellung für die Zufuhr von Druckluft in den Kolbenvorraum in der Anfangsphase nur gedrosselt Druckluft in das Adaptergehäuse geführt wird, also die Druckluft voll in der Anfangsphase in der Steuerleitung zum Kolbenvorraum ansteht. Zwar kann anstelle einer Drossel auch ein 2-Wegeventil verwendet werden, welches in der Anfangsphase geschlossen und dann geöffnet wird, jedoch wird die zwangsgesteuerte Kolbenbewegung des Schnellentlüftungsventils durch die stets über die Drossel zugeführte Druckluft in keiner Weise bei Berücksichtigung des großen Volumens des Speicherbehälters beeinträchtigt. Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung liegt darin, daß der Kolben bereits bei einem geringen Differenzdruck in Schließstellung gefahren werden kann, wobei ein geringer Differenzdruck sich wiederum sehr günstig für einen schlagartigen Schließvorgang in kürzester Zeit auswirkt.Here it is particularly in one outside of the storage container Adapter housing arranged quick exhaust valve expedient, the compressed air for filling the storage tank decoupled from the piston vestibule feed a choke into the adapter housing and from there to the storage tank. After firing the storage container, this has the advantage that at Switchover of the quick-way valve from the venting position for firing in the position for the supply of compressed air in the piston vestibule in the Initial phase only throttled compressed air is fed into the adapter housing, so the compressed air in the initial phase in the control line to the piston antechamber pending. A 2-way valve can also be used instead of a throttle, which is closed in the initial phase and then opened, however the force-controlled piston movement of the quick exhaust valve the compressed air that is always supplied via the throttle is in no way taken into account of the large volume of the storage container. Another The advantage of the invention is that the piston is already at a low differential pressure can be operated in the closed position, with a low differential pressure turn in very cheap for a sudden closing impact in the shortest possible time.

Ferner ist es vorteilhaft, innerhalb der Steuerleitung eine gegen das Betriebsnetz durch ein Rückschlagventil gesicherte pneumatische Feder, vorzugsweise in Form eines Druckluftspeichertopfs, den Kolbenvorraum vorzuschalten, wodurch selbst bei Schwankungen oder Störungen in der Druckluftzufuhr stets das gewünschte zwangsgesteuerte Schließen des Schnellentlüftungsventils durchgeführt werden kann.Furthermore, it is advantageous within the control line against the operating network pneumatic spring secured by a check valve, preferably in Form of a compressed air storage pot, upstream of the piston antechamber, whereby Always the desired one, even with fluctuations or malfunctions in the compressed air supply forced closing of the quick exhaust valve performed can be.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist ein unter Sicherheitsaspekten anzustrebendes Zwangsentlüften des Speicherbehälters ohne weiteres möglich, was über die Drossel durch ein in der Druckluftzuführleitung geschaltetes Mehrwegeventil erfolgen kann.With the device according to the invention, one is to be aimed at from a safety point of view Forced venting of the storage tank is possible without any problem via the throttle through a multi-way valve connected in the compressed air supply line can be done.

Sofern betriebsbedingte Umstände (z.B. explosionsgefährdeter Bereich) die 3/2-Wege-Steuerventile nicht direkt am Adaptergehäuse des Schnellentlüftungsventils sondern geschützt in einem entsprechenden Schutzkasten untergebracht werden müssen, werden am Adaptergehäuse zusätzliche Schnellentlüftungs-Steuerventile eingesetzt.If there are operational circumstances (e.g. potentially explosive areas) the 3/2-way control valves not directly on the adapter housing of the quick exhaust valve but rather protected in an appropriate protective case additional quick exhaust control valves are located on the adapter housing used.

Insbesondere bei Anlagen mit mehreren Vorrichtungen bzw. Luftkanonen, die sämtlich am selben Druckluftnetz angeschlossen sind, ist es zweckmäßig, einen gemeinsamen Steuertopf vorzusehen, der die Steuerung der einzelnen Magnetventile zum Abschießen der mehreren Luftkanonen unabhängig von Schwankungen des Betriebsdrucks und Störungen im Druckluftnetz macht. Hierbei ist es zweckmäßig, dem Speichertopf einen Druckregler nachzuschalten, der variabel eingestellt werden kann, so daß der Druck in den Steuerleitungen, die zu den einzelnen Kolbenvorräumen der Luftkanonen führen, individuell herabgeregelt werden kann. Dies ist insbesondere bei langen Leitungswegen, die von 10 - 50 m betragen können, von Vorteil. Beim Abschießen mehrerer Luftkanonen, die an einem gemeinsamen Betriebsdruckluftnetz angeschlossen sind, ergibt sich ein Druckausgleich in den anderen Behältern, die sich in der Art von kommunizierenden Röhren ins Gleichgewicht bringen, was dazu führt, daß der Kolben nicht mehr zurückschießen kann, weil auf der Kolbenoberseite über den Kolbenvorraum ein zu hoher Arbeitsdruck ansteht, was sich insbesondere bei langen Leitungswegen auswirkt. Deswegen ist es zweckmäßig, bei solchen Anlagen den Betriebsdruck für den Kolbenvorraum herunter zu regeln, wobei bei einem Betriebsdruck von 8 bar im Hauptnetz der Druck auf 4 - 5 bar für den Kolbenvorraum zweckmäßig abgebaut wird. Da bei den erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtungen der Druck auf die gesamte Kolbenoberfläche wirkt, während im Behälter an der Kolbenunterseite der Druck nur auf eine äußere wirksame Kreisringfläche wirkt, wird der Kolben selbst bei geringem Druck im Kolbenvorraum immer zuverlässig zugehalten. Ferner kann das geringere Druck-/Litervolumen wesentlich schneller über die Schnellentlüftungsventile entlüftet werden, als dies bei vollem Betriebsdruck möglich wäre. Versuche haben gezeigt, daß dadurch Entfernungen zwischen dem Schutzkasten, in dem die vom 3/2-Wegeventil für die Steuerung des Kolbenvorraums der Luftstoßgeräte geschützt untergebracht sind und dem Schnellentlüftungs-Steuerventil am Adaptergehäuse von mehr als 30 m ohne nennenswerte Verzögerungen in den Schaltvorgängen überbrückt werden können.Especially in systems with multiple devices or air cannons that are all connected to the same compressed air network, it is advisable to To provide a common control pot that controls the individual solenoid valves for firing the multiple air cannons regardless of fluctuations operating pressure and faults in the compressed air network. Here is it is expedient to connect a pressure regulator to the storage pot which is variable can be adjusted so that the pressure in the control lines leading to the lead individual piston vestibules of the air cannons, individually regulated can be. This is particularly the case with long cable routes of 10 - 50 m can be an advantage. When firing multiple air cannons at are connected to a common operating compressed air network Pressure equalization in the other tanks, which are in the manner of communicating Balance tubes, which causes the piston to fail can shoot back more because on the piston top over the piston vestibule The working pressure is too high, which is particularly the case with long pipeline routes effect. It is therefore advisable to use the operating pressure in such systems to regulate down for the piston antechamber, at an operating pressure from 8 bar in the main network the pressure to 4 - 5 bar for the piston antechamber is appropriately dismantled. Since in the devices according to the invention the pressure acts on the entire piston surface, while in the container on the The underside of the piston, the pressure only acts on an outer effective circular surface, the piston is always reliable even at low pressure in the piston antechamber locked. Furthermore, the lower pressure / liter volume can be significantly faster be vented via the quick exhaust valves than at full operating pressure it is possible. Experiments have shown that distances between the protective box in which the 3/2-way valve for controlling the Piston vestibule of the air blast devices are protected and the Quick exhaust control valve on the adapter housing of more than 30 m without significant delays in the switching operations can be bridged.

Nachfolgend werden bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen beschrieben. Darin zeigen

Fig.1
eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in Schnittansicht und in einer Funktionsstellung des Schnellentlüftungsventils, in welcher der Speicherbehälter gefüllt wird,
Fig.2
eine Ansicht der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1, jedoch in einer Funktionsstellung, in der Druckluft stoßartig abgeblasen wird,
Fig.3
eine Ansicht der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1 in einer weiteren Funktionsstellung, nämlich Zwangsentlüftung des Behälters,
Fig.4
eine Anlage, in der mehrere Vorrichtungen parallel nebeneinander betrieben werden,
Fig. 5
eine Ansicht der in Fig. 4 verwendeten Steuereinheit in zwei Ansichten,
Fig.6
eine Schnittansicht einer Vorrichtung der Anlage gemäß Fig. 4, sowie
Fig.7
ein Diagramm über den zeitlichen Verlauf der Luftstoßkraft beim Abblasvorgang.
Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawings. Show in it
Fig.1
1 shows a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the device according to the invention in a sectional view and in a functional position of the quick-exhaust valve in which the storage container is filled,
Fig.2
1, but in a functional position in which compressed air is blown off suddenly,
Figure 3
1 in a further functional position, namely forced ventilation of the container,
Figure 4
a system in which several devices are operated in parallel,
Fig. 5
3 shows a view of the control unit used in FIG. 4 in two views,
Figure 6
a sectional view of a device of the system according to FIG. 4, and
Figure 7
a diagram of the course over time of the air blast force during the blowing process.

In den Figuren, in denen gleiche Bauteile mit dem selben Bezugszeichen versehen sind, zeigt Fig. 1 einen Druckluft-Speicherbehälter 1 in rein schematischer Darstellung, an dessen flanschartigem Auslaß 2 ein als T-förmiger Rohrstutzen ausgebildetes Adaptergehäuse 3 über einen Flansch 4 und Schraubverbindungen 5 befestigt ist. Innerhalb des Adaptergehäuses 3 ist ein allgemein mit 6 bezeichnetes Schnellentlüftungsventil aufgenommen, welches in der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Funktionsstellung mit seiner Kolbenunterseite 7 eine ringförmige Ausblasöffnung 8 des Adaptergehäuses verschließt, an welcher eine nur schematisch und strichliert dargestellte Luftdüse 9 über Schraubverbindungen und dergleichen befestigt ist.In the figures, in which the same components have the same reference numerals 1 shows a compressed air storage container 1 in a purely schematic manner Representation, at the flange-like outlet 2 as a T-shaped pipe socket formed adapter housing 3 via a flange 4 and screw connections 5 is attached. Within the adapter housing 3 is a generally designated 6 Quick exhaust valve added, which is shown in Fig. 1 Functional position with its piston bottom 7 an annular blow-out opening 8 of the adapter housing closes, on which one is only schematic and Air nozzle 9 shown in dashed lines above screw connections and the like is attached.

Das Schnellentlüftungsventil 6 ist im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel beispielshalber aus einem zweigeteilten Kolben 10a und 10b gebildet, die durch einen zentralen Schraubbolzen miteinander zu einem einheitlichen Kolben 11 verspannt sind, der innerhalb eines im Adaptergehäuse 3 angeordneten Zylinderrohres 12 aufgenommen und verschieblich geführt ist. Das Zylinderrohr 12 ist innerhalb des Adaptergehäuses 3 mit einem Ende in einer Bohrung 13 und mit seinem anderen Ende in einem über Rippen 14 mit dem Adaptergehäuse 3 befestigten Ring 15 aufgenommen. Das von der Ausblasöffnung 8 entfernte Ende des Adaptergehäuses 3 ist von einem Deckel 16 abgeschlossen, der durch Schrauben 17 mit dem Adaptergehäuse 3 verschraubt und mit einem in das Zylinderrohr 12 greifenden Dämpfungsring 18 versehen ist, der die Rückfahrbewegung des Kolbens 11 dämpft und begrenzt. Zwischen Deckel 16, Zylinderrohr 12 und Kolbenoberseite 19 ist der Kolbenvorraum 20 des Schnellentlüftungsventils 6 begrenzt, in welchem Steuerdruckluft über eine nur schematisch angedeutete Steuerleitung 21 über die Öffnung 22 zugeführt wird. The quick exhaust valve 6 is in the exemplary embodiment shown as an example formed from a two-part piston 10a and 10b by a central bolts clamped together to form a uniform piston 11 are within a cylinder tube arranged in the adapter housing 3 12 is recorded and guided. The cylinder tube 12 is within the adapter housing 3 with one end in a bore 13 and with its other end fastened in a via ribs 14 to the adapter housing 3 Ring 15 added. The end of the discharge opening 8 removed Adapter housing 3 is closed by a cover 16, which is by screws 17 screwed to the adapter housing 3 and with one into the cylinder tube 12 engaging damping ring 18 is provided, the return movement of the piston 11 dampens and limits. Between cover 16, cylinder tube 12 and piston top 19 the piston antechamber 20 of the quick exhaust valve 6 is limited, in which control compressed air via a control line indicated only schematically 21 is supplied via the opening 22.

In der Steuerleitung 21, die bei 23 von der Druckluftzufuhrleitung 24 zum Speicherbehälter 1 abzweigt, befinden sich ein Rückschlagventil 25, das nur eine Strömung von Steuerluft in Pfeilrichtung der Leitung 21 zuläßt, ein Speichertopf 26 mit einem ausreichend bemessenen Speichervolumen zur Bereitstellung eines ausreichenden Betriebsdrucks zum Schließen des Kolbens 11 des Schnellentlüftungsventils 6, sowie ein Mehrwegeventil, hier ein 3/2-Wege-Magnetventil 27, welches in einer Stellung die Zufuhr von Druckluft über die Steuerleitung 21 zum Kolbenvorraum 20 ermöglicht und in einer anderen Schaltstellung, das ist die Entlüftungsstellung, eine Entlüftung des Kolbenvorraums 20 bewirkt.In the control line 21, which at 23 from the compressed air supply line 24 to the storage tank 1 branches, there is a check valve 25, which is only one Flow of control air in the direction of arrow of line 21 allows a storage pot 26 with a sufficiently dimensioned storage volume to provide a sufficient operating pressure to close the piston 11 of the quick exhaust valve 6, as well as a multi-way valve, here a 3/2-way solenoid valve 27, which in one position supplies compressed air via the control line 21 to the piston antechamber 20 and in a different switching position, that is the venting position, causes the piston antechamber 20 to be vented.

Die Druckluft wird von einem nicht-dargestellten geeigneten Druckluftreservoir über einen 3/2-Wege-Kugelhahn 28 dem Speicherbehälter 1 über eine Drossel 29 zugeführt, die im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel durch eine im Adaptergehäuse 3 eingebrachte Bohrung gebildet ist und gelangt von dort um den Zylinder 12 des Schnellentlüftungsventils 6 herum über den Auslaß 2 in den Druckluft-Speicherbehälter 1.The compressed air is from a suitable compressed air reservoir, not shown via a 3/2-way ball valve 28 to the storage tank 1 via a throttle 29 supplied in the illustrated embodiment by a in the adapter housing 3 introduced hole is formed and from there passes around the cylinder 12 of the quick exhaust valve 6 around the outlet 2 in the compressed air storage container 1.

Vor Erläuterung der Funktionsweise der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung sei kurz auf den konventionellen Stand der Technik eingegangen, der anhand der Fig. 1 durch die strichliert dargestellte Leitung 30 gekennzeichnet ist, die selbstverständlich nur illustrativ in Fig. 1 eingezeichnet ist, tatsächlich aber in der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1 nicht existent ist.Before explaining the operation of the device according to the invention briefly dealt with the conventional state of the art, which is based on the Fig. 1 is characterized by the dashed line 30, of course is only illustrated in Fig. 1, but actually in the 1 embodiment does not exist.

Bei der konventionellen Vorrichtung erfolgt die Druckluftzufuhr zum Speicherbehälter 1 über die Öffnung 22, so daß der Kolbenvorraum 20 unter Betriebsdruck gesetzt und damit der Kolben 11 in die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Schließstellung nach unten auf die Ausblasöffnung 8 bewegt wird. Gleichzeitig gelangt die über die Öffnung 22 zugeführte Druckluft über die Leitung 30 in den Speicherbehälter 1, so daß der Speicherbehälter 1 gefüllt wird. Nach entsprechender Füllung des Speicherbehälters wird für den Abschuß der Vorrichtung, also das stoßartige Ausblasen der Druckluft aus dem Speicherbehälter, das Magnetventil 27 auf Entlüftungsstellung umgeschaltet, so daß der Vorraum 20 entlüftet wird. Hierbei verhindert ein in der Leitung 30 vorgesehenes, jedoch hier nicht dargestelltes Rückschlagventil ein Ausströmen von Druckluft aus dem Speicherbehälter 1 über die Öffnung 22. Aufgrund des innerhalb des Speicherbehälters 1 herrschenden großen Drucks, der auf die wirksame Kolbenfläche 31 des Kolbens 11 wirkt und bei gleichzeitiger Entlüftung des Vorraumes 20 wird der Kolben 11 schlagartig nach oben in seine Öffnungsstellung bewegt, die schematisch in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist. In dieser Stellung strömt nun Druckluft aus dem Speicherbehälter 1 stoßartig über die Ausblasöffnung 8 und die Luftdüse 9 aus.In the conventional device, the compressed air is supplied to the storage tank 1 through the opening 22 so that the piston vestibule 20 under operating pressure set and thus the piston 11 in the closed position shown in Fig. 1 is moved down to the blow-out opening 8. At the same time the Compressed air supplied via opening 22 via line 30 into the storage container 1, so that the storage container 1 is filled. After appropriate filling of the storage container is used for the launching of the device, that is the impact-like Blow out the compressed air from the storage tank, the solenoid valve 27 switched to the venting position so that the vestibule 20 is vented. This prevents that provided in line 30 but not shown here Check valve an outflow of compressed air from the storage tank 1 via the opening 22. Because of the prevailing within the storage container 1 large pressure that acts on the effective piston surface 31 of the piston 11 acts and with simultaneous ventilation of the vestibule 20, the piston 11th suddenly moved up to its open position, which is shown schematically in Fig. 2 is shown. In this position, compressed air now flows out of the storage tank 1 abruptly from the blow-out opening 8 and the air nozzle 9.

Um das Schnellentlüftungsventil in die Schließstellung gemäß Fig. 1 zu überführen, wird das Magnetventil 27 umgeschaltet, so daß Druckluft dem Kolbenvorraum 20 zugeführt wird. Ein Schließen des Kolbens 11 ist aber erst dann möglich, wenn der Speicherbehälter 1 im wesentlichen geleert ist, da sonst über die wirksame Kolbenringfläche 31 eine entsprechende Kraft ansteht, die den Kolben 11 nach oben gegen den Dämpfungsring 18 drückt. Dies beruht darauf, weil die dem Vorraum 20 zugeführte Druckluft sich den Weg des geringsten Widerstandes sucht und über den Zweig 30 in Richtung auf den Speicherbehälter 1 strömt, so daß der Druck im Vorraum 20 nicht ausreicht, die über die wirksame Kolbenfläche 31 über den Speicherbehälter aufgebrachte Kraft zu überwinden, um den Kolben 11 in Schließstellung zu bringen. Das heißt, erst nach weitgehender Entleerung des Speicherbehälters 1 kann der Kolben 11 in seine Schließstellung gemäß Fig. 1 gebracht werden.In order to move the quick exhaust valve into the closed position according to FIG. 1, the solenoid valve 27 is switched so that compressed air enters the piston antechamber 20 is supplied. Only then is the piston 11 closed possible if the storage container 1 is essentially empty, otherwise over the effective piston ring surface 31 is at a corresponding force that the Piston 11 presses upwards against the damping ring 18. This is because because the compressed air supplied to the vestibule 20 has the path of least resistance searches and via the branch 30 in the direction of the storage container 1 flows so that the pressure in the antechamber 20 is insufficient, which is beyond the effective To overcome the piston surface 31 force applied via the storage container, to bring the piston 11 into the closed position. That is, only after extensive The piston 11 can be emptied into its closed position when the storage container 1 is emptied 1 are brought.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist der Kolbenvorraum 20 zur Gänze von der Druckluftbeaufschlagung des Speicherbehälters 1 entkoppelt, da die Druckluft zum Füllen des Speicherbehälters 1 über die Druckluftleitung 24 und die Drossel 29 getrennt vom Kolbenvorraum 20 zugeführt wird, dem wiederum separat von der Druckluftzuführung zum Speicherbehälter 1 Steuerluft über die Steuerleitung 21 und die Öffnung 22 zugeführt wird.In the device according to the invention, the piston antechamber 20 is entirely decoupled from the compressed air loading of the storage container 1, since the Compressed air for filling the storage container 1 via the compressed air line 24 and the throttle 29 is supplied separately from the piston antechamber 20, which in turn separate from the compressed air supply to the storage tank 1 control air via the Control line 21 and the opening 22 is supplied.

Fig. 2 zeigt die Entlüftungsstellung der Vorrichtung, wobei zur Verdeutlichung die Druckluftströme zur Ausblasöffnung 8 hin mit Pfeil gekennzeichnet sind. Wird in dieser Stellung nun das Magnetventil 27 umgeschaltet, so steht der volle Betriebsdruck im Kolbenvorraum 20 aus dem Speichertopf 26 an, da ein Überströmen des Drucks aus dem Kolbenvorraum 20 über die konventionelle Leitung 30 zum Speicherbehälter 1 nicht möglich ist. Zugleich ist durch die Drossel 29 sichergestellt, daß der Druckluftstrom, der den Weg des geringsten Widerstandes geht, zuerst voll in Richtung auf den Kolbenvorraum 20 über die Steuerleitung 21 wirkt und nur gedrosselt ein Überströmen über die Drossel 29 in Richtung auf den Speicherbehälter 1 stattfindet. Deswegen baut sich im Kolbenvorraum 20 der Druck weit schneller auf, als sich der Druck über die Drossel 29 im großvolumigen Speicherbehälter 1 aufbaut, so daß der Kolben 11 sofort in seine Schließstellung gemäß Fig. 1 gefahren wird, in der er die Auslaßöffnung 8 verschließt. Dadurch ist es möglich, den Kolben 11 des Schnellentlüftungsventils 6 auch dann bereits in seine Schließstellung auf die Ausblasöffnung 8 zu fahren, wenn der Behälter 1 noch nicht vollständig geleert ist, vielmehr in dem Behälter noch Druckluft mit 4 - 5 bar und mehr ansteht. Für die Überführung des Kolbens in Schließstellung genügt vielmehr ein geringer Differenzdruck von 1 bis 2 bar. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß der Speicherbehälter 1 bereits nach der ersten Druckspitze, in der der Hauptanteil der Ausblaskraft über die Ausblasöffnung 8 ansteht, nach Schließen des Kolbens 11 wieder gefüllt werden kann, was zu erheblichen Einsparungen an Druckluft bei gleichwohl ausreichend hoher Ausblaskraft zur Beseitigung der Materialanbackungen führt.Fig. 2 shows the venting position of the device, for clarification the compressed air flows to the blow-out opening 8 are marked with an arrow. If the solenoid valve 27 is now switched over in this position, the full one is in position Operating pressure in the piston antechamber 20 from the storage pot 26, since an overflow the pressure from the piston antechamber 20 via the conventional line 30 to storage tank 1 is not possible. At the same time is through the throttle 29th ensures that the compressed air flow is the path of least resistance goes, first fully in the direction of the piston vestibule 20 via the control line 21 acts and only throttled overflow through the throttle 29 in the direction the storage container 1 takes place. Therefore builds in the piston vestibule 20 Pressure on much faster than the pressure across the throttle 29 in the large volume Storage container 1 builds up so that the piston 11 immediately in its closed position 1, in which it closes the outlet opening 8. Thereby it is possible to then also the piston 11 of the quick exhaust valve 6 to drive into its closed position on the blow-out opening 8 when the Container 1 is not yet completely emptied, but rather still in the container Compressed air with 4 - 5 bar and more is available. For transferring the piston into In the closed position, a low differential pressure of 1 to 2 bar is sufficient. This has the advantage that the storage container 1 already after the first pressure peak, in which the main proportion of the blowing force is present via the blowing opening 8 Closing the piston 11 can be filled again, resulting in significant savings in compressed air with a sufficiently high blow-out force for removal which leads to material caking.

Durch den zwangsgesteuerten Kolben 11 nach der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung kann dieser unabhängig davon, ob der Speicherbehälter 1 zur Gänze geleert ist oder nicht, in Schließstellung überführt werden, also bereits nach 50 - 150 msec. und nicht erst nach 300 - 400 msec. wenn der Speicherbehälter 1 weitgehend geleert ist.By the positively controlled piston 11 according to the device according to the invention can this regardless of whether the storage container 1 is completely emptied is or not, be brought into the closed position, i.e. after 50-150 msec. and not only after 300 - 400 msec. if the storage container 1 largely is emptied.

Hierzu wird auf das beigefügte Diagramm gemäß Fig. 7 verwiesen, das abhängig von unterschiedlichen Volumina des Speicherbehälters den Verlauf der Luftstoßkraft über die Zeit während des Abschießens der Vorrichtung zeigt. Den Kurven ist gemeinsam, daß die maximale Luftstoßkraft zu Beginn des Abschießens der Vorrichtung ansteht, und sich die Luftstoßkraft nach ca. 20 - 25 msec. abbaut, also der eigentliche Luftstoß in der Anfangsphase des Abschußvorganges bewerkstelligt wird. Mit dem zwangsgesteuerten Kolben ist es nun möglich, den Kolben des Schnellentlüftungsventils nach dieser wirksamen Phase zu schließen und nicht erst bis zur vollständigen Entleerung des Speicherbehälters zu warten, so daß beim Schließen des Kolbens nach der Anfangsphase von 50 - 150 msec. nur ein Bruchteil an Druckluft dem Behälter 1 zugeführt werden muß, bis er für den Abschußvorgang wieder bereit ist. Zugleich läßt sich durch den zwangsgesteuerten Kolben die Phase des Schließens des Kolbens des Schnellentlüftungsventils, abhängig vom Einsatzfall, gewählt bestimmen, so daß zweckmäßigerweise das Magnetventil 27 mit einer elektrischen Taktsteuerung versehen ist, welches ein Schließen bzw. ein Schalten des Ventils in einem Zeittakt von 50 msec. bis 1 sec variabel ermöglicht. For this purpose, reference is made to the attached diagram according to FIG. 7, which depends the course of the air blast force from different volumes of the storage container over time during device firing. The curves has in common that the maximum air force at the start of the launch Device is present, and the air impulse force after approx. 20 - 25 msec. degrades, So the actual air blast is accomplished in the initial phase of the launching process becomes. With the positively controlled piston it is now possible to use the piston of the quick exhaust valve after this effective phase and not to wait until the storage tank is completely empty, so that when closing the piston after the initial phase of 50 - 150 msec. just a fraction of compressed air must be supplied to the container 1 until it for the Launch process is ready again. At the same time, the force-controlled Piston the phase of closing the piston of the quick exhaust valve, depending on the application, determine chosen, so that expediently Solenoid valve 27 is provided with an electrical clock control, which one Closing or switching of the valve in a clock cycle of 50 msec. up to 1 sec variably enabled.

Der in der Steuerleitung 21 vorgesehene Speichertopf 26 hat den Vorteil, daß der volle Betriebsdruck im Kolbenvorraum 20 selbst dann ansteht, wenn es in der Druckluftzuführleitung 24 zu Druckschwankungen bzw. Störungen kommt, was sehr wesentlich eine verläßliche Betriebsweise ist.The storage pot 26 provided in the control line 21 has the advantage that the full operating pressure in the piston vestibule 20 even when it is in the Compressed air supply line 24 to pressure fluctuations or malfunctions, what reliable operation is very important.

Anstelle einer Drossel 29 könnte auch ein 2-Wege-Ventil vorgesehen sein, welches die Zufuhr von Druckluft über die Druckluftzufuhrleitung 24 in das Adaptergehäuse 3 kurzzeitig schließt, so daß über die Steuerleitung 21 der Druck im Kolbenvorraum 20 zum Zwecke der Überführung des Kolbens 11 in die Schließstellung aufgebaut wird, und dann zeitverzögert öffnet und schließlich Druckluft zum Speicherbehälter 1 führt.Instead of a throttle 29, a 2-way valve could also be provided, which the supply of compressed air via the compressed air supply line 24 into the adapter housing 3 closes briefly, so that the pressure in the control line 21 Piston antechamber 20 for the purpose of transferring the piston 11 into the closed position is built up, and then opens with a time delay and finally compressed air leads to storage tank 1.

Fig. 3 zeigt die Betriebsstellung der Vorrichtung in der Behälterzwangsentlüftung, bei welcher der Kugelhahn 28 in Entlüftungsstellung geschaltet ist, wodurch die Druckluftzuführung unterbrochen bzw. versperrt wird und gleichzeitig die im Behälter 1 befindliche Druckluft über die Drossel 29 nach außen abgeführt werden kann. Dies ist ein erheblicher Vorteil der Vorrichtung, weil für die Behälterzwangsentlüftung nicht gesonderte bauliche Maßnahmen zutreffend sind, vielmehr infolge der Entkopplung der Druckluftzufuhr vom Kolbenvorraum die Drossel 29 unmittelbar als Bestandteil der Behälterzwangsentlüftung genutzt werden kann.3 shows the operating position of the device in the container forced ventilation, in which the ball valve 28 is switched to the venting position, whereby the compressed air supply is interrupted or blocked and at the same time the compressed air in the container 1 is discharged to the outside via the throttle 29 can be. This is a significant advantage of the device because of the forced ventilation of the container not separate building measures are applicable, rather due to the decoupling of the compressed air supply from the piston antechamber Throttle 29 is used directly as part of the forced ventilation of the container can be.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Anlage mit einer Reihe von Vorrichtungen zum stoßartigen Ausblasen von Druckluft, auch Luftkanonen genannt, die in Fig. 4 mit SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4 usw. bezeichnet sind und nacheinander abgeschossen werden können. Die Druckluftzufuhr PV erfolgt bei 40 vom Netz her, wobei die Druckluft einer allgemein mit 41 bezeichneten Steuereinheit zugeführt wird, die in den Einzelheiten näher anhand von Fig. 5 dargestellt ist. Über eine Ringleitung 41 steht der Druck PV an und wird über Zweigleitungen 42 zu den einzelnen Luftkanonen SB1 usw. und bei 43 in die Adaptergehäuse zum Füllen der Speicherbehälter geführt. Näheres ergibt sich hierbei aus Fig. 6, wobei mit 43 die zur Drossel 29 führende Leitung mit bezeichnet ist.Fig. 4 shows a system with a series of devices for the sudden blowing out of compressed air, also called air cannons, which are designated in Fig. 4 with SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, etc. and can be fired one after the other. The compressed air supply P V takes place at 40 from the network, the compressed air being supplied to a control unit, generally designated 41, which is shown in more detail with reference to FIG. 5. The pressure P V is applied via a ring line 41 and is conducted via branch lines 42 to the individual air cannons SB1 etc. and at 43 into the adapter housing for filling the storage containers. 6, the line leading to the choke 29 being designated by 43.

Fig. 5 zeigt, daß die Druckluft über die zentrale Leitung 40 über ein Rückschlagventil 44 zu einem 3/2-Wege-Kugelhahn 45 und von dort über einen Filterregler 46 zur Leitung 41 geführt wird, wobei im Filterregler der Druckluftstrom von Schmutzstoffen aus der Luft gereinigt und auch das Kondenswasser abgeführt wird. Über die Leitung 41 geht es dann zu den einzelnen Luftkanonen SB1 - SB4 etc. Gleichzeitig wird Luft über das T-Stück 47 in eine Steuerleitung 48 über ein Rückschlagventil 54 abgezweigt und einem gemeinsamen Speichertopf 49 zugeführt, von wo die Steuerluft vorzugsweise über einen zusätzlichen Filterregler 50 und eine Steuerleitung 48 zu den Magnetventilen geführt wird, die in einem Magnetventilschrank 51 (Fig. 4) angeordnet sind. Von dort gehen einzelne Steuerleitungen 52 zu den einzelnen Luftkanonen, wo sie in den entsprechenden Kolbenvorräumen der Schnellentlüftungsventile geführt werden. Hierbei werden unmittelbar vor den Adaptergehäusen Schnellentlüftungs-Steuerventile 53 angeordnet, die eine Entlüftung der Kolbenvorräume zum Zwecke des Abschießens der Luftkanonen ermöglichen. Hierbei tritt der gemeinsame Speichertopf 49 an die Stelle von einzelnen Steuertöpfen 26 der Fig. 1 und 2, wobei das T-Stück 47 mit der Abzweigstelle 23, das Rückschlagventil 54 mit dem Rückschlagventil 25, der gemeinsame Speichertopf 49 mit dem Speichertopf 26 und die Magnetventile 51 im Schutzgehäuse mit dem Schnellentlüftungs-Steuerventil 53 mit dem Magnetventil 27 der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1 und 2 vergleichbar sind.Fig. 5 shows that the compressed air via the central line 40 via a check valve 44 to a 3/2-way ball valve 45 and from there via a filter regulator 46 is led to line 41, the compressed air flow of Pollutants are cleaned from the air and the condensed water is also removed becomes. The line 41 then leads to the individual air cannons SB1-SB4 etc. At the same time, air is transferred via the T-piece 47 into a control line 48 Check valve 54 branched off and fed to a common storage pot 49, from where the control air is preferably via an additional filter regulator 50 and a control line 48 is routed to the solenoid valves located in a solenoid valve cabinet 51 (Fig. 4) are arranged. Individual control lines go from there 52 to the individual air cannons, where they are located in the corresponding piston chambers of the quick exhaust valves. Here are arranged immediately in front of the adapter housings quick exhaust control valves 53, a ventilation of the piston vestibules for the purpose of firing of the air cannons. Here, the common storage pot 49 occurs the location of individual control pots 26 of FIGS. 1 and 2, the T-piece 47 with the branch point 23, the check valve 54 with the check valve 25, the common storage pot 49 with the storage pot 26 and the solenoid valves 51 in the protective housing with the quick exhaust control valve 53 with the solenoid valve 27 of the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 are comparable.

Der gemeinsame Speichertopf 49 stellt hierbei analog dem Speichertopf 26 in den Fig. 1 und 2 unabhängig von Schwankungen oder Störungen im Betriebsdruckluftnetz ausreichend Druckluft für die Steuerung der Kolbenvorräume der Luftkanonen bereit. Mit dieser Anlage können auch lange Entfernungen bis zu 30 oder 50 m zu den Luftkanonen überbrückt werden, ohne daß eine Beeinträchtigung des Betriebs der Luftkanonen erfolgt. Die Erfahrung hat gezeigt, daß bei langen Entfernungen der Steuerleitungen zu den einzelnen Kolbenvorräumen der Luftkanonen Schwierigkeiten auftreten können, wenn mehrere Geräte kurz hintereinander abschießen. Diese Schwierigkeiten ergeben sich daraus, weil die Luftkanonen sämtlich über das Hauptdruckluftnetz miteinander in der Art von kommunizierenden Röhren verbunden sind. Falls mehrere Luftkanonen hintereinander abgeschossen werden, bekommen diese vom Betriebsdruckluftnetz nicht genügend Druckluft nachgeliefert. Dies führt zu einem verminderten Druck in den Behältern, weil diese sich gegenseitig ins Gleichgewicht bringen. Das würde zur Folge haben, daß der Druck im Kolbenvorraum zu hoch liegt und dann nicht mehr die Möglichkeit besteht, das Gerät abzuschießen. Deswegen wird insbesondere bei langen Wegen der Steuerleitung, wie sie bei Anlagen mit mehreren Luftkanonen vorkommen, der Druck in der Steuerleitung über den Regler 50 reduziert und zwar auf ein Maß, das ausreicht, um den Kolbenvorraum der Luftkanonen zu beaufschlagen. Durch den verringerten Druck im Kolbenvorraum ist sichergestellt, daß auch bei hintereinander abgeschossenen Luftkanonen und demzufolge verringerten Drücken in den Speicherbehältern die Kolben aus ihrer Schließstellung abgehoben werden können und damit die Luftkanonen abgeschossen werden können. Die Vorrichtung nach Fig. 4 ermöglicht es somit, daß auch bei langen Wegen der Steuerleitungen ein einwandfreies Abschießen der Luftkanonen ermöglicht ist.The common storage pot 49 here is analogous to the storage pot 26 in FIG 1 and 2 regardless of fluctuations or disturbances in the compressed air network sufficient compressed air to control the piston chambers of the air cannons ready. This system can also cover long distances of up to 30 or 50 m can be bridged to the air cannons without affecting the operation of the air cannons. Experience has shown that at long distances of the control lines to the individual piston antechambers Air cannon difficulties can occur when multiple devices are short shoot in a row. These difficulties arise because the Air cannons all over the main compressed air network in the manner of communicating tubes are connected. If there are several air cannons in a row shot down, they get from the compressed air network not enough compressed air supplied. This leads to reduced pressure in the containers because they balance each other. That would result in the pressure in the piston antechamber being too high and then it is no longer possible to shoot the device. Therefore, in particular for long routes of the control line, as in systems with several Air cannons occur, the pressure in the control line via the regulator 50 reduced to a level sufficient to cover the piston chamber of the air cannons to act upon. Due to the reduced pressure in the piston vestibule ensures that even with successive air cannons and consequently, pressures in the storage containers reduced the pistons from them The closed position can be lifted off and the air cannons fired can be. The device of Fig. 4 thus enables that a perfect shooting of the Air cannons is allowed.

Claims (11)

  1. Apparatus for intermittently blasting compressed air for the removal of caked or accumulated bulk materials in process-related containers, bunkers, silos or the like including a compressed air storage container, to which compressed air is supplied from a reservoir via a conduit (24); a discharge opening (8) for the intermittent blasting of compressed air out of the storage container (1) and a rapid venting valve (6), which is arranged on the storage container (1) and has a piston (11) which is guided in a cylinder (12) and is pressed against the discharge opening (8) and closes it, when an appropriate pressure builds up in the cylinder space (20), and is raised abruptly from the discharge opening (8), when the cylinder space (20) is vented, so that compressed air in the storage container (1) discharges impulsively via the discharge opening (8), whereby the cylinder space (20) of the rapid venting valve (12) may be acted on by compressed air separately from the compressed air supply to the storage container (1), characterised in that the apparatus is so constructed that the closing of the piston (11) of the rapid venting valve (6) can occur under positive pneumatic control, in particular a number of times, before the complete emptying of the compressed air storage container (1).
  2. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, in which, in particular, the rapid venting valve (6) is arranged outside the compressed air storage container (1) in an adapter housing (3) connected to an outlet (2) of the storage container (1), characterised in that the compressed air is supplied into the cylinder space (20) via a multi-way valve (27) in a control conduit (26) separate from the compressed air supply conduit (24) to the storage container (1), whereby the supply conduit (24) to the storage container (1) is decoupled from the cylinder space (20) and communicates with the adapter housing (3) outside the cylinder (12) of the rapid venting valve (6) and is situated, independent of the position of the piston (11) of the rapid venting valve (6), in direct flow connection with the outlet (2) of the storage container (1).
  3. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that arranged before the multi-way valve (20) in the control conduit (21) to the cylinder space (20) there is a storage container (26), which is provided for the maintenance of a predetermined operating pressure for the closure of the piston (11) of the rapid venting valve (6) and is protected against the compressed air supply conduit (24) by means of the non-return valve.
  4. Apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the compressed air supply conduit (24) to the storage container (1) communicates with the adapter housing (3) via a throttle (29) or a multi-way valve.
  5. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 4, characterised in that the throttle (29) is constituted at an approximate system pressure of 8-10 bar by a bore in the adapter housing with a diameter of about 6-8 mm.
  6. Apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a multi-way valve with a venting position is arranged in the compressed air supply conduit (24) for the purpose of forced container venting.
  7. Apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the closing of the piston (11) of the rapid venting valve (6) occurs at a pressure in the range of about 4 to 6 bar in the storage container (1).
  8. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 7, characterised in that the closing of the piston (11) of the rapid venting valve (6) is effected by a fixed-cycle control, which is variably adjustable from 50 msec to 1 sec.
  9. Apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, in which the apparatus is part of a number of apparatuses as claimed in one of Claims 1-8, which are supplied via a common compressed air supply conduit (41), characterised in that the compressed air is supplied via a control unit (41), in which the control air for the cylinder spaces of the apparatuses is securely tapped off via a non-return valve (54) and supplied via a common storage container (49) to the individual multi-way valves (51, 53) for the control of the cylinder spaces of the apparatuses, which are preferably accommodated in a cabinet (51), from which the control conduits (52) lead to the individual apparatuses.
  10. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 9, characterised in that arranged between the storage container (49) and the magnetic valve cabinet (51) there is a variable pressure controller, optionally with a filter unit for reducing the control pressure.
  11. Method of intermittently blasting compressed air to remove caked or accumulated bulk materials in process-related containers, bunkers, silos and the like in which compressed air can be discharged from a compressed air storage container (1) via a discharge opening (8), which is opened by moving a piston (11), guided in a cylinder, of a rapid venting valve (6), characterised by the positively controlled closing of the piston (11) of the rapid venting valve after decay of the air blast force peak to at least 60%, preferably at least about 50%, of the maximum value of the air blast force produced whilst blasting.
EP98951489A 1997-10-02 1998-10-02 Method and device for an impulsed blowing of compressed air in order to remove caked or accumulated material of bulk goods in reaction containers Expired - Lifetime EP0942883B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19743789 1997-10-02
DE19743789A DE19743789B4 (en) 1997-10-02 1997-10-02 Apparatus for the abrupt blowing out of compressed air for removing material caking of bulk materials in reaction vessels
PCT/EP1998/006285 WO1999018012A1 (en) 1997-10-02 1998-10-02 Method and device for an impulsed blowing of compressed air in order to remove caked or accumulated material of bulk goods in reaction containers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0942883A1 EP0942883A1 (en) 1999-09-22
EP0942883B1 true EP0942883B1 (en) 2003-05-21

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98951489A Expired - Lifetime EP0942883B1 (en) 1997-10-02 1998-10-02 Method and device for an impulsed blowing of compressed air in order to remove caked or accumulated material of bulk goods in reaction containers

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0942883B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE240888T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19743789B4 (en)
DK (1) DK0942883T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2196612T3 (en)
PT (1) PT942883E (en)
WO (1) WO1999018012A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10101041B4 (en) * 2001-01-11 2014-09-18 Agrilux Beteiligungs Gmbh Valve unit for a device for the abrupt blowing out of compressed air from a compressed air storage tank for removing material clogging and accumulation
ITBG20010037A1 (en) * 2001-10-19 2003-04-19 Larix Srl BIG VALVE OR INSTANTANEOUS DISCHARGE OF LARGE CAPACITY OF AIRPLANES, FOR FLUIDIFICATION OF GRANULAR AND / OR DUSTY MATERIALS.
DE202006016627U1 (en) * 2006-10-30 2006-12-21 Agrilux Beteiligungs Gmbh System for releasing blockages in silos comprises two pressure tanks with valves supplying blasts of air to outlet pipes, tanks being connected to pressurized air lines and having recirculating pipes with valves connecting them to these
ITBG20080028A1 (en) 2008-05-05 2009-11-06 Larix Srl ACTIVATION AND FLUIDIFICATION SYSTEM FOR SILOS OR GRANULAR MATERIALS CONTAINERS.

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2429952A1 (en) * 1978-06-27 1980-01-25 Simoens Herve Valve for sudden pressure release - has side outlet and piston with central hole blocked by pin when retracted
NL8501483A (en) * 1985-05-24 1986-12-16 Tech Bureau Knol B V AIR IMPACT DEVICE.
DE3616990C1 (en) * 1986-05-21 1987-12-17 Agrichema Materialflusstechnik Air blast device for resolving material build-up in storage silos for bulk material
DE3742489C2 (en) * 1987-12-15 1998-04-09 Agrichema Materialflusstechnik Air blast device
DE3800114A1 (en) * 1988-01-05 1989-07-13 Agrichema Materialflusstechnik AIR BLOWER TO REMOVE MATERIAL BLOCKING FROM SCHUETTGUETERN IN BUNKERN AND THE LIKE
DE4236896A1 (en) * 1992-10-31 1994-05-05 Maury Hans Dietmar Air cannon to remove bulk build-up and build-up
DE29608534U1 (en) * 1996-05-10 1996-08-08 Agrichema Materialflusstechnik Blower device with external valve unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2196612T3 (en) 2003-12-16
EP0942883A1 (en) 1999-09-22
PT942883E (en) 2003-09-30
DE19743789A1 (en) 1999-04-08
DE19743789B4 (en) 2005-10-06
ATE240888T1 (en) 2003-06-15
WO1999018012A1 (en) 1999-04-15
DE59808451D1 (en) 2003-06-26
DK0942883T3 (en) 2003-09-15

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