EP0939336B1 - Nouveau produit et nouveau procédé pour l'obtention de radiographies industrielles - Google Patents

Nouveau produit et nouveau procédé pour l'obtention de radiographies industrielles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0939336B1
EP0939336B1 EP99420046A EP99420046A EP0939336B1 EP 0939336 B1 EP0939336 B1 EP 0939336B1 EP 99420046 A EP99420046 A EP 99420046A EP 99420046 A EP99420046 A EP 99420046A EP 0939336 B1 EP0939336 B1 EP 0939336B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mol
radiographic
silver halide
product
alkynylamine
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP99420046A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0939336A1 (fr
Inventor
Gérard Maurice c/o Kodak Industrie Droin
Yves c/o Kodak Industrie Morin
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/16—X-ray, infrared, or ultraviolet ray processes
    • G03C5/17—X-ray, infrared, or ultraviolet ray processes using screens to intensify X-ray images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
    • G03C1/10—Organic substances
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/0051—Tabular grain emulsions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/0051—Tabular grain emulsions
    • G03C2001/0055—Aspect ratio of tabular grains in general; High aspect ratio; Intermediate aspect ratio; Low aspect ratio
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
    • G03C7/30—Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
    • G03C7/3022—Materials with specific emulsion characteristics, e.g. thickness of the layers, silver content, shape of AgX grains
    • G03C2007/3025—Silver content
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/16—X-ray, infrared, or ultraviolet ray processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a silver halide radiographic product intended for exposure to high-energy ionizing radiation, to a new radiographic system, and to a process for forming a radiographic image.
  • the present invention relates to a product for high-energy industrial radiography, which has improved sensitivity.
  • Industrial radiography is a technique for non-destructive inspection and analysis of defects in parts such as items made with glass, paper, wood or metal. This technique is widely used in aeronautics, the nuclear industry, or the petroleum industry, because it enables the detection of defects in welding or in the texture of materials in parts for aircraft, nuclear reactors or pipelines.
  • This technique consists in the exposure to ionizing radiation, usually X or ⁇ rays, of a radiographic product containing a silver halide emulsion.
  • ionizing radiation usually X or ⁇ rays
  • the sensitivity to X or ⁇ rays of radiographic emulsions is due to the absorption of part of these rays by the silver halide grains, which causes a secondary emission of electrons that proceed to form an internal latent image.
  • the radiographic product is then developed and fixed.
  • films for industrial radiography do not have to be sensitive to visible light, which is why they are not usually color sensitized.
  • Films for industrial radiography are either exposed directly to the ionizing radiation, or exposed through an ionizing ray intensifying screen. These screens, usually of metal, increase the proportion of ionizing radiation absorbable by the silver halide grains.
  • Products for industrial radiography are usually composed of a silver halide emulsion comprising mainly thick grains (three-dimensional or cubic) in order to be able to absorb the maximum amount of ionizing radiation that crosses the emulsion layer.
  • US Patent 5,576,170 discloses a photographic element comprising a support with a silver halide emulsion layer, the emulsion further comprising an alkylamine compound and at least one dihydroxyaryl compound.
  • the alkynylamine compound cannot be used alone since it increases the fog level.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new product for industrial radiography whose sensitometric properties are improved.
  • this invention is directed to a radiographic product for industrial radiography having a silver coating coverage between 50 and 200 mg/dm 2 , which comprises a support having on at least one side thereof a silver halide emulsion layer exhibiting native silver halide spectral sensitivity and containing an alkynylamine of formula (I) in a quantity between 0.05 x 10 -3 mol/mol Ag and 1 x 10 -3 mol/mol Ag.
  • Y 1 and Y 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aromatic nucleus, or Y 1 and Y 2 taken together represent the atoms necessary to form an aromatic or alicyclic ring substituted or not containing atoms selected from among carbon, oxygen, selenium or nitrogen;
  • R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl group; and
  • X is selected from among oxygen, sulfur or selenium.
  • the invention relates to a radiographic product intended for exposure to ionizing radiation with an energy level at least equal to 40 keV , and having a silver coating coverage between 50 and 200 mg/dm 2 ; a product which comprises a support having on at least one side thereof a silver halide emulsion layer exhibiting the native spectral sensitivity of silver halide and containing an alkynylamine of formula (I) in a quantity between 0.05 x 10 -3 mol/mol Ag and 1 x 10 -3 mol/mol Ag wherein Y 1 , Y 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aromatic nucleus, or Y 1 and Y 2 taken together represent the atoms necessary to form an aromatic or alicyclic ring containing atoms selected from among carbon, oxygen, selenium or nitrogen; R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl group; and X is selected from among oxygen, sulfur or selenium
  • the present invention also relates to a process for forming an industrial radiographic image that comprises exposing an ionizing radiation having a energy level of at least 40 keV, of the radiographic product of the invention to form a latent image, and developing the product to form a radiographic image.
  • the exposure of the radiographic product is performed with radiation at an energy level between 40 keV and 20 MeV.
  • this new radiographic product has a surprising increase in sensitivity when exposed to ionizing radiation, which increases as the energy of the exposure increases.
  • alkynylamine is preferably a compound with the formula: wherein R 1 and X are as defined above, X being preferably an oxygen atom; R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkoxy group, preferably having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen atoms.
  • alkynylamines that can be used in the scope of the present invention are for example:
  • one or more alkynylamines can be incorporated in the radiographic product.
  • the alkynylamines are incorporated in a quantity between 0.05 x 10 -3 mol/mol silver and 0.5 x 10 -3 mol/mol silver.
  • alkynylamine (A) is used in quantities between 4 and 80 mg/mol Ag.
  • the silver halide emulsions useful in the scope of the invention are emulsions conventionally used in industrial radiography. These emulsions can have very varied forms, structures and compositions.
  • emulsions can be three-dimensional grain emulsions, for example cubic grains, cubooctahedric, etc., or tabular grain emulsions.
  • Such emulsions are for example described in Research Disclosure, Section I.
  • Products for industrial radiography conventionally comprise cubic grain emulsions.
  • the radiographic product contains a tabular grain emulsion.
  • the silver coating coverage of these products can be reduced by using tabular grain emulsions.
  • “Tabular grains” are grains having 2 parallel faces wider than the other faces of the grain. These grains are characterized by their aspect ratio (R), which is the ratio of the average equivalent circular diameter (ECD) to the average thickness of the grains (e).
  • R is the ratio of the average equivalent circular diameter (ECD) to the average thickness of the grains (e).
  • Such an emulsion comprises tabular grains having an aspect ratio greater than or equal to 2, preferably between 10 and 20.
  • a tabular grain emulsion is an emulsion wherein at least 50 %, preferably at least 80 %, of the grains are comprised of tabular grains, having an aspect ratio greater than or equal to 2
  • the silver coating coverage can be reduced to 25 % compared with the silver coating coverage of conventional radiographic products containing thick or three-dimensional grain emulsions, while maintaining similar sensitometry.
  • tabular grains further allows a speed improvement when exposed to ionizing radiation, while keeping similar silver coating coverage.
  • Useful emulsions in the scope of the present invention preferably comprise grains essentially containing silver bromide, that is silver bromide constitutes the major part of the silver halides.
  • Silver halide grains useful in the scope of the invention can contain silver iodide or silver chloride.
  • the emulsion grains of the radiographic product of the invention contain at least 90 % (mol) silver bromide. These grains can contain a quantity of chloride or iodide less than or equal to 10 % (mol).
  • the silver halide grains of the emulsions for industrial radiography are silver bromoiodide grains containing a quantity of iodide less than 3 % iodide, iodide that can be localized in one part of the volume of the silver halide grain or distributed uniformly throughout this volume.
  • the emulsions of the radiographic product of the present invention comprise silver halide grains dispersed in a binder that is conventionally a water-permeable hydrophilic colloid such as gelatin, gelatin derivatives, albumin, a polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl polymers.
  • a binder that is conventionally a water-permeable hydrophilic colloid such as gelatin, gelatin derivatives, albumin, a polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl polymers.
  • These silver halide emulsions can contain dopants such as ions of rhodium, indium, osmium, iridium, etc. (see Section I-D3 of Research Disclosure ) usually in small quantities. These dopants are usually introduced during the precipitation of the emulsion.
  • the silver halide emulsions can be chemically sensitized according to methods described in Section IV of Research Disclosure.
  • the chemical sensitizers usually used are sulfur and/or selenium and/or gold compounds. Reduction sensitization can also be used.
  • the silver halide emulsions can contain, among other things, brighteners, antifoggants, surfactants, plasticizers, lubricants, hardeners, stabilizers, absorbing and/or scattering agents as described in Sections II-B, IV, VII, VIII, IX of Research Disclosure.
  • the radiographic product of the invention can comprise other layers conventionally used in radiographic products such as protective layers (overcoat layer), interlayers, filter layers or antihalation layers.
  • the support can be any suitable support used for industrial radiography products.
  • Conventional supports are polymer supports such as polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the overcoat layer can contain antistatic agents, polymers and matting agents.
  • the invention products for industrial radiography comprise a support having on both sides thereof a silver halide emulsion, the emulsions located on each side of the support being of the same or different size, composition, silver coating coverage.
  • Radiographic products of the invention can be hardened using hardeners such as those described in Research Disclosure, Section II.B. These hardeners can be organic or inorganic hardeners such as chromium salts, aldehydes, N-methylol compounds, dioxane derivatives, compounds comprising active vinyl groups, compounds comprising active halogens.
  • hardeners such as those described in Research Disclosure, Section II.B.
  • These hardeners can be organic or inorganic hardeners such as chromium salts, aldehydes, N-methylol compounds, dioxane derivatives, compounds comprising active vinyl groups, compounds comprising active halogens.
  • the radiographic products of the present invention can be used as a radiographic system constituted of two ionizing ray intensifying screens, arranged on either side of the radiographic product.
  • intensifying screens are screens that allow an increase of the proportion of ionizing rays absorbed by the silver halide grains.
  • the ionizing rays interact with the intensifying screen, thus producing electron emission in all directions.
  • the silver halide grains of the emulsion layer will absorb part of these electrons to form latent image sites. By increasing the number of electrons emitted in the direction of the grains, the quantity of electrons absorbed by the grains is increased.
  • These screens are generally made of metal.
  • the screens usually employed are in the form of a sheet of lead, lead oxide, or dense metals such as copper or steel.
  • the thickness of these screens is between 0.025 mm and 0.5 mm, and depends on the type of ionizing rays used.
  • the radiographic image is obtained by exposing the radiographic product to the ionizing radiation either directly or through such an intensifying screen.
  • the processing methods for industrial radiography comprise a black and white developing bath containing a developing agent, and a fixing bath comprising a silver halide solvent such as thiosulfate, thiocyanate, or suiftir-containing organic compounds.
  • a developing agent such as thiosulfate, thiocyanate, or suiftir-containing organic compounds.
  • Conventional developing agents are generally dihydroxybenzene, 3-pyrazolidone or aminophenol compounds.
  • An ascorbic acid or ascorbic acid derivative developing agent can also be used.
  • the radiographic products used comprised an ESTAR® support coated on each side with a silver halide emulsion comprising tabular grains with a silver coating coverage of 75 mg/dm 2 /side (total silver coating coverage 150 mg/dm 2 ).
  • Each silver halide emulsion layer was coated with a protective layer of gelatin containing a matting agent.
  • the product was hardened with a quantity of bis(vinylsulfonylmethyl)ether, in the order of 3 % by weight of total dry gelatin contained in the product.
  • the tabular grains accounted for more than 90 % of the total number of grains making up the emulsion.
  • the emulsion was prepared by double jet precipitation.
  • compound (A) was present, it was added in the quantities described below, after sulfur and gold chemical sensitization of the silver halide emulsion.
  • Each radiographic product was placed between two lead screens (25 ⁇ m) with copper filtering of 8 mm, and then exposed to radiation whose energy level is indicated in the table below.
  • each product was developed by the Kodak MX800® process for industrial radiography (8 min., 26°C, dry-to-dry), which comprised a hardening development step with a hydroquinone-phenidone developer solution (2 min.), a fixing step (2.5 min.), a washing step (2 min.), and a drying step.
  • the minimum density Dmin density of the support and fog
  • This example demonstrates that when a radiographic product containing compound (A) is exposed to ionizing radiation the film speed is significantly increased.
  • Example 1 a radiographic product was used under the conditions of Example 1, and having the characteristics of the product of Example 1, but which contained an AgBr tabular grain emulsion whose grains had an ECD of 0.47 ⁇ m and a thickness of 0.11 ⁇ m.
  • the speed differences are reported in the table below.
  • Compound (A) (mg/mol Ag) ⁇ Speed exp: 220 keV ⁇ Speed exp: Ir192 Ex. 2.1 40 +3 +6 Ex. 2.2 60 +3 +7 Ex. 2.3 80 +3 +6
  • Example 1 a radiographic product was used under the conditions of Example 1, and having the characteristics of the product of Example 1, but which contained an AgBr tabular grain emulsion whose grains had an ECD of 0.35 ⁇ m and a thickness of 0.08 ⁇ m.
  • the speed differences are reported in the table below.
  • Compound (A) (mg/mol Ag) Speed exp: 220 keV Speed Co60 Ex.3 27 +4 +7

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
  • Conversion Of X-Rays Into Visible Images (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Produit radiographique pour la radiographie industrielle ayant un titre d'argent compris entre 50 et 200 mg/dm2, qui comprend un support dont au moins l'une des faces est revêtue d'une couche d'émulsion aux halogénures d'argent présentant une sensibilité spectrale intrinsèque de l'halogénure d'argent et contenant une alkynylamine de formule (I) en une quantité comprise entre 0,05 x 10-3 moles/mole d'Ag et 1 x 10-3 moles/mole d'Ag
    Figure 00140001
    dans laquelle Y1 et Y2 représentent chacun séparément un atome d'hydrogène, un groupe alkyle ou un noyau aromatique, ou Y1 et Y2 ensemble, représentent les atomes nécessaires pour former un cycle aromatique ou alicyclique substitué ou non contenant des atomes choisis parmi le carbone, l'oxygène, le sélénium ou l'azote ; R1 représente un atome d'hydrogène, un groupe alkyle ou aryle substitué ou non et
    X est choisi parmi l'oxygène, le soufre ou le sélénium.
  2. Produit radiographique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'alkynylamine est représentée par la formule :
    Figure 00140002
    dans laquelle R1 est un atome d'hydrogène, R2 et R3 représentent chacun séparément un atome d'hydrogène, un atome d'halogène, un groupe alkyle ou alcoxy substitué ou non, ayant de préférence de 1 à 10 atomes de carbone et X est choisi parmi l'oxygène, le soufre ou le sélénium.
  3. Produit radiographique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'émulsion aux halogénures d'argent est une émulsion à grains tabulaires ayant un indice de forme moyen d'au moins 2.
  4. Produit radiographique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'alkynylamine (I) est la N-2-propynyl-2-benzoxazolamine.
  5. Produit radiographique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'alkynylamine (I) est présente en une quantité comprise entre 0,05 x 10-3 et 0,5 x 10-3 moles/mole d'Ag.
  6. Produit radiographique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, qui comprend un support dont les deux faces sont revêtues d'une couche d'émulsion aux halogénures d'argent, et sur chacune de ces couches, d'une surcouche protectrice.
  7. Procédé de formation d'une radiographie industrielle qui comprend l'exposition d'un produit radiographique tel que défini dans la revendication 1 à un rayonnement ionisant ayant une énergie au moins égale à 40 keV, pour former une image latente et le développement du produit pour former une image radiographique.
  8. Système pour radiographie industrielle comprenant 2 écrans renforçateurs des rayons ionisants et un produit radiographique tel que défini dans la revendication 1, les écrans étant disposés de part et d'autre du produit.
EP99420046A 1998-02-27 1999-02-19 Nouveau produit et nouveau procédé pour l'obtention de radiographies industrielles Expired - Lifetime EP0939336B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9802655 1998-02-27
FR9802655A FR2775528B1 (fr) 1998-02-27 1998-02-27 Nouveau produit et nouveau procede pour l'obtention de radiographies industrielles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0939336A1 EP0939336A1 (fr) 1999-09-01
EP0939336B1 true EP0939336B1 (fr) 2003-11-12

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EP99420046A Expired - Lifetime EP0939336B1 (fr) 1998-02-27 1999-02-19 Nouveau produit et nouveau procédé pour l'obtention de radiographies industrielles

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EP (1) EP0939336B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11288056A (fr)
CN (1) CN1233778A (fr)
DE (1) DE69912659T2 (fr)
FR (1) FR2775528B1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5576170A (en) * 1995-04-28 1996-11-19 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic element and method of making a silver halide emulsion
FR2737588B1 (fr) * 1995-08-01 2001-11-02 Kodak Pathe Nouveau produit pour radiographie industrielle

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FR2775528A1 (fr) 1999-09-03
JPH11288056A (ja) 1999-10-19
FR2775528B1 (fr) 2001-06-01
EP0939336A1 (fr) 1999-09-01
DE69912659D1 (de) 2003-12-18
CN1233778A (zh) 1999-11-03
DE69912659T2 (de) 2004-10-07

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