EP0935046A1

EP0935046A1 - Method and device for placing frame in cavity walls

Info

Publication number: EP0935046A1
Application number: EP99200339A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Frans Gerrit Ravestein
Original assignee: Ubbink Nederland BV
Current assignee: Ubbink BV
Priority date: 1998-02-09
Filing date: 1999-02-08
Publication date: 1999-08-11
Also published as: NL1008247C2

Abstract

Method for manufacturing a cavity wall of a building, such as a house, which wall is provided with windows and/or doors, comprising successively placing the first leave (1) of the cavity wall with openings (2) at the location of the windows and/or doors, marking off the dimensions of the frame (30) around the openings (2) on the surface of the first leave (1) which faces the cavity (10), indicating the correct position of placing of means (5) for securing the frame (30) concerned on the first leave (1) with the help of the measuring means (4) to be secured to the first leave (1), taking the frame dimensions as starting point, placing the securing means (5) and making the second leave (9) of the cavity wall, and placing the frame (30) and securing it to the securing means (5).

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for building cavity walls provided with windows and/or doors. The invention relates in particular to the placing of frames in such cavity walls.
At the moment cavity walls are built as follows. On the floor the dimensions are marked off for the frames and the walls to be placed, and masonry profiles are placed. Then the cavity wall inner leaves, which usually consist of bricks or blocks, are masoned or glued and the frames are placed in the correct location. Subsequently an insulation layer is applied to the outer surface of the inner leave. Subsequently the cavity wall outer leaves, which usually consist of bricks as well, are masoned. Finally the window panes are placed in the frames and they are lacquered with a finishing coating and the inner surface of the inner leave is finished off with a stucco layer. It also occurs from time to time that the frames are placed prior to making the inner leave.
A serious disadvantage of the present ways of working is that the frames are put up at the building site in an early stage of building, and then are exposed to weather influences. Damage may also occur as a result of the building activities on the site or as a result of vandalism. The presence of collections of window panes on the building site, prior to the placing of the window panes, furthermore seems to cause vandalism, resulting in broken window panes. Furthermore the known way of working only gives the client, in particular the future house owners, a limited time only to alter the design of the frames.
It is true that with plastic frames a partitioned frame is sometimes used, in which a first frame, the adjusting frame, is placed early on in the construction, and the second frame is placed in the first frame after the cavity wall is finished, but in this way the aforementioned problems are only partially solved.
An object of the invention is to improve on this to a large extent, which is achieved with a method for manufacturing a cavity wall of a building, such as a house, which wall is provided with windows and/or doors, comprising successively placing the first leave, preferably the inner leave, of the cavity wall with openings at the location of the windows and/or doors, marking off the dimensions of the frame around the openings on the surface of the first leave which faces the cavity, indicating the correct position of placing of means for securing the frame concerned on the first leave with the help of gauge means to be secured to the first leave, while taking the frame dimensions as starting point, placing the securing means and making the second leave of the cavity wall, and placing the frame and securing it to the securing means.
In this way the entire frame is not placed in the construction until the cavity wall is made, so that a frame is much less exposed to all sorts of damaging influences. Moreover it is possible to make the frame ready in the factory, by lacquering it there with a finishing coating in a shielded environment and mounting the window panes. As a result of the late placing of the frame the manufacturing can take place later than is the case now, and possible alterations in the frame can be arranged until in a later stage of the building. Essential here is the use of the gauge means, with which the size of the frame can be transferred in a positive manner to the location for the securing means, so that marking off once will suffice. The securing means can in that way be attached in the exact correct position in relation to the frame, as a result of which the frame can be placed later without trouble and in a reliable manner.
Preferably the gauge means are arranged taking the outer dimensions of the frame as starting point.
Preferably the second leave is placed taking the location of the securing means determined by the gauge means as starting point. Use can be made here of a masonry profile which is temporarily fixed to the securing means.
In accordance with the presently usual sequence of building the cavity walls the first leave preferably is the inner leave.
From another aspect the invention provides a gauge device for transferring the dimensions of a frame to be incorporated in a cavity wall to the location of securing of means for securing the frame on the inner leave.
The gauge device preferably is strip-shaped, in order to facilitate manufacturing and storage. The gauge strip preferably is compliant in a direction perpendicular to the cavity wall, in order to be able to smooth away the irregularities in the surface of the cavity wall leave on which the gauge strip is to be attached.
The dimensional stability is optimally ensured when the gauge strip is rigid in directions parallel to the cavity wall.
It is advantageous here when the gauge strip has a largest length which is parallel to the edge of the frame, so that per longitudinal side of the frame one gauge strip will suffice. Bearing storage in mind, the gauge strip can then be stacked or preferably can be rolled up at larger lengths and bearing in mind the ease of placing preferably be made of material that can be cut. With material that can be rolled up and cut, full use can be made of all the material by cutting it at the desired lengths and separating it from the roll.
The gauge strip preferably is provided with a series of view or gauge holes, to facilitate aligning in relation to the chalk lines. Preferably the series of holes are arranged on an aligning line arranged on the gauge strip.
The gauge means according to the invention can fulfil an additional function by their presence, to which end they are provided with means for limiting the stucco layer in the clear of the inner leave. The plasterer or bricklayer does not need to arrange special provisions at the location of the transition of the clear to the outer surface of the inner eave for a tidy performance of the stuccowork.
These limiting means preferably form a stop in a direction perpendicular to the cavity wall and may indicate the size in the clear for the stucco layer, which further facilitates the plastering.
The limiting means can furthermore be provided with an edge portion which is folded down or is to be folded down. They can then extend into the clear - possibly after folding down- and then form a additional support for the fresh stucco layer in the clear. It is preferred then that they are also provided with means for holding the material of the stucco layer, such as holes for anchoring.
The edge portion mentioned can be connected to the rest of the gauge means by means of a living hinge and/or be detachably connected to the rest of the gauge means.
The invention will be elucidated in the basis of the exemplary embodiment shown in the attached drawings, in which:
Figures 1A-1C show a vertical view of some consecutive stages in the method according to the invention;
Figures 2A-2H show some horizontal partial cross-sections of some consecutive stages in the method according to the invention; and
Figure 3 shows a part of the gauge devices according to the invention, destined for use in the method of the preceding figures.
In figure 1A the inner cavity leave 1 is shown, in which during masoning a through-going recess 2 is left open, which is limited by the edge 10 and the size of which cut-away is somewhat smaller than the size of the frame to be placed.
At some distance around the line 10 four gauge or chalk lines 3 are marked off by the person who sets the dimensions. These lines 3 at least at the sides and on top correspond to the outer periphery of the frame to be placed. At the bottom the line 3 is situated a little lower because of the window sill.
In figure 1B -taking the chalk lines 3, as will be elucidated, as starting point- gauge strips 4, 4a, 4b (in figure 1c supplemented by gauge strips 4c and 4d) have been arranged and after that angle steel shaped mounting brackets 5 are attached to them and to the inner leave 1. The legs of the mounting brackets 5 turned out of plane are situated a little out of the circumference defined by the chalk lines 3. When the outer leave is ready the frame -ready for use- can be attached to the mounting brackets, as will be elucidated below.
In figure 3 a part of the gauge strip 4 is shown. The gauge strip 4 is formed by means of extrusion (and can be supplied in many meters on a roll) and can be rolled up but is rigid against deformation in the directions parallel to the main plane and for instance is made of PVC. The strip can have a thickness of approximately 2 mm and an overall width of approximately 112 mm. In the gauge strip 4 a wide section 20 and a narrow section 22 can be distinguished, which are connected to each other by means of a living hinge 22 In the wide section 20 a first longitudinal series of holes 23 is arranged, which serve as holes for the securing means of the mounting brackets. On the left-hand side thereof a series of nail holes 23' has been arranged at large mutual distances. On the right-hand side thereof a series of view or gauge holes 25 are arranged, also at larger mutual distances, which are destined to be aligned with the chalk line, in this case the line of the outer periphery of the frame. The series of holes 25 are made highlighted by the shallow groove or alignment line 24.
In the narrow section 22 a series of holes 26 are arranged, which can function as anchoring means for stuccowork as will be elucidated below. The gauge strip 4 is of material that can be cut, so that it can be simply cut to size. Getting gauge strip portions such as 4a, 4d to size in width is facilitated because the narrow section 21 at the location of the living hinge 22 can be separated from the wide section 20 in a simple way.
In figure 2A the inner leave 1 with opening 2 is shown. In figure 2B the gauge strip 4 of figure 3 is placed against the surface of the inner leave 1 facing the cavity, and secured to it by means of nails driven through the nail holes 23'. During the placing and securing of the gauge strip 4 it was taken care of that the series of holes 25 would exactly coincide with the measuring lines 3. Subsequently at the location of the openings 23 holes are bored, in which the gauge strip 4 serves as drilling jig.
Subsequently, as shown in figure 2C, the mounting bracket 5 is placed against the gauge strip 4 with leg 5a, two or more securing holes 27 in the leg 5a coinciding with the openings 23 and boring holes situated behind it. The bracket is secured with bolts.
With their turned leg 5b the mounting brackets 5 perform a placing function for the frame which is to be arranged later. However they may also fulfil a function in the placing of a layer of insulation material, such as layer 8 shown in figure 2D.
After the insulation is arranged in layer 8 the inner leave 9 can be masoned (figure 2E), in which the edge of the opening in the outer leave 9 is kept outside of the measuring line 3. Possibly use can be made of a lath as masonry profile, which is temporarily indirectly attached to the bracket leg 5b.
Subsequently -or simultaneously- a stucco layer is applied in the clear. By doing so now already -in the absence of the frame- soiling and/or damaging of the frame is prevented. The gauge strip 4 also fulfils a function here. To that end the narrow section 21 is folded down in the direction B at the location of the living hinge 22, until abutment in the clear to the inner leave 1. This is shown in figure 2F. The plasterer has obtained an aid in this way for applying the stucco layer 40 in the clear. The holes 26 here ensure anchoring of the stucco layer. The edge formed by the hinge 22 here forms as it were an corner stucco profile and indicates the location of the surface of the stucco layer in the clear (figure 2G). The stucco layer 40 forms an airtight sealing between the gauge strip 4 and the inner leave 1.
After the outer leave 9 is finished the moment has come to place the frames, which may be ready for use, that is to say, lacquered all over and provided with window panes. Where it was usual up until now to already put up the frame directly after masoning the inner leave, so half-way erecting the cavity wall, or even earlier, this can now take place at the end of those activities. The frame 30, which in comparison to existing frames is somewhat adjusted by attaching thickening part 33 to it, is inserted in direction A in the recess in the outer leave 9 until near the gauge strip 4. Between the gauge strip 4 and the thickening part 33 a frame sealing band 42 is placed to seal the cavity 10 on that side. The band 42 can follow the fluent course of the gauge strip better than the irregular, rough course of the inner surface of the inner leave, against which it is placed otherwise.
As a result of the relatively smooth surface of the gauge strip 4 the sealing band 42 can perfectly sealingly abut the gauge strip 4. In addition, on the other side of the frame a frame sealing 34 is arranged between the frame part 31 and the outer leave 9. However, the sealing band 34 could possibly be left out in order to realise a pressure equalizing channel between the cavity space 10 and the outside air.
The frame 30 is now secured to the turned leg 5b of the mounting bracket 5 with the aid of a bush bolt assembly 43, known under the tradename "Adjufix". The assembly 42 comprises a bush 37 and a bolt 36. The bolt is provided with a self boring end 36a and a self tapping shaft 36b. The bush 37 is provided with a passage for the bolt 36, with a positioning flange 37a of an external wood screw thread and with a hexagonal hole in which a hex key fits. The bush 37 initially abuts the outer surface of the frame 30 with a flange 37a. After the frame has been placed the bushes 37 are turned to the outside with a hex key inserted in passage 41; until these bushes abut the leg 5b of the bracket 5 with the flanges 37a. When it is verified that the frame is correctly oriented the bolts 36 are inserted in the passages 41 and into the bushes. Subsequently the bolts 36 are rotated with the help of an electric screw driver, in which the self boring end 36a makes a hole in the leg 5b. Subsequently the self tapping shaft 36b of the bolt 36 penetrates the hole in the leg 5b in order to thus secure the frame 30 to the bracket 5 and thus to the cavity wall in a fixed manner (figure 2H). Due to the gauge strip 4 the location of the chalk lines 3 is transferred in a certain manner to the mounting bracket 5, and thus to the actual place of the frame 30.

Claims

Method for manufacturing a cavity wall of a building, such as a house, which wall is provided with windows and/or doors, comprising successively placing the first leave of the cavity wall with openings at the location of the windows and/or doors, marking off the dimensions of the frame around the openings on the surface of the first leave which faces the cavity, indicating the correct position of placing of means for securing the frame concerned on the first leave with the help of gauge means to be secured to the first leave, while taking the frame dimensions as starting point, placing the securing means and making the second leave of the cavity wall, and placing the frame and securing it to the securing means.
Method according to claim 1, in which the gauge means are arranged taking the outer dimensions of the frame as starting point.
Method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the second leave is placed taking the location of the securing means determined by the gauge means as starting point.
Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the first leave is the inner leave.
Gauge device for transferring the dimensions of a frame to be incorporated in a cavity wall to the location of securing means for securing the frame on the inner leave.
Gauge device according to claim 5, formed as a gauge strip, in a strip-shaped form preferably of a uniform thickness.
Gauge device according to claim 6, in which the gauge strip is compliant in a direction perpendicular to the cavity wall.
Gauge device according to claim 6 or 7, in which the gauge strip is rigid in directions parallel to the cavity wall.
Gauge device according to claim 7 or 8, in which the gauge strip has a largest length which is parallel to the edge of the frame.
Gauge device according to claim 9, in which the material of the gauge strip can be cut through.
Gauge device according to claim 9 or 10, in which the gauge strip can be rolled up.
Gauge device according to any one of the claims 6-11, in which the gauge strip is provided with view or gauge holes, in which the holes are preferably situated on an aligning line.
Gauge device according to any one of the claims 6-12, in which the gauge strip is provided with means for limiting the stucco layer in the clear of the inner leave.
Gauge device according to claim 13, in which the limiting means form a stop in a direction perpendicular to the cavity wall.
Gauge device according to claim 13 or 14, in which the limiting means indicate the size in the clear for the stucco layer.
Gauge device according to claim 13, 14 or 15, in which the limiting means are provided with an edge portion which is folded down or is to be folded down.
Gauge device according to claim 16, in which the edge portion is provided with means, such as for instance holes, for holding the material of the stucco layer.
Gauge device according to any one of the claims 13-17, in which the edge portion is hingably connected to the rest of the gauge strip, preferably by means of a living hinge.
Gauge device according to claim 16, 17 or 18, in which the edge portion is connected in separating manner to the rest of the gauge strip.
Gauge device with one or more of the characterizing elements described in the description and/or shown in the figures.
Method with one or more of the characterizing elements described in the description and/or shown in the figures.