EP0931324B1 - Condensateur autoregenerateur - Google Patents

Condensateur autoregenerateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0931324B1
EP0931324B1 EP97942720A EP97942720A EP0931324B1 EP 0931324 B1 EP0931324 B1 EP 0931324B1 EP 97942720 A EP97942720 A EP 97942720A EP 97942720 A EP97942720 A EP 97942720A EP 0931324 B1 EP0931324 B1 EP 0931324B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
casing
capacitor
protection element
membrane
windings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97942720A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0931324A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Lovkvist
Henri Bonhomme
Cipriano Monni
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Asea Brown Boveri Jumet SA
Original Assignee
Asea Brown Boveri Jumet SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asea Brown Boveri Jumet SA filed Critical Asea Brown Boveri Jumet SA
Publication of EP0931324A1 publication Critical patent/EP0931324A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0931324B1 publication Critical patent/EP0931324B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G2/00—Details of capacitors not covered by a single one of groups H01G4/00-H01G11/00
    • H01G2/14—Protection against electric or thermal overload

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a self-healing power capacitor comprising at least one capacitor unit, each capacitor unit comprising at least one winding, made of at least two films of insulating material on which a metal coating has been applied, said windings of each capacitor unit being provided with a first and a second connection electrode, said windings being surrounded by an encapsulation material and housed in a first casing, said capacitor having at least one protection element for each capacitor winding, said protection element being mounted in a second casing of which one side is formed by a membrane, said protection element being provided for activating, upon a pressure exerted on said membrane by a gas produced by a short-circuit within said windings, a current interruption element connected in series with one of said electrodes, said protection element being separated from an end-face of said windings.
  • Such a self-healing power capacitor is known from GB-A-2 204 996.
  • the power capacitor is i.a. used in electrical networks to compensate reactive power (correct cos ⁇ ) or as parts of filters to absorb harmonic currents and thereby lower harmonic voltage distortion on the networks.
  • the known power capacitors are manufactured by first evaporating a metallic material on a film and then wind the metallized film. A first and a second electrode are applied on the extremities of the metallized film, in order to provide electrical connectors.
  • the windings are surrounded by an encapsulation or filling material, such as for example resin, oil or a gel. The windings and their encapsulation material are housed in the first casing.
  • the short-circuit is removed automatically by the following process.
  • the current through the failed spot will increase rapidly. This high current will create a very high current density in the thin evaporated electrode around the failed spot. The current will rapidly become so high that the evaporated electrode will transform into a gaseous plasma and blow away from the film around the failed spot. Without the electrode around the failed spot, insulation will be re-established.
  • the capacitor has self-healed and may continue to operate normally.
  • the process of self-healing is very short (microseconds) and the area of insulation created around the failed spot is very small (a few square millimetres).
  • protection elements are built-in in the casing of the power capacitor.
  • the protection element is formed by an overpressure disconnector.
  • the principle of such an overpressure disconnector is that gases, produced by a short-circuit within the windings of the capacitor, will accumulate in the space between the windings and the second casing and cause an overpressure to build up. This overpressure bulges the membrane of the protection element, which is applied above the windings.
  • the membrane comprises a wire which is connected in series with one of the electrodes.
  • the overpressure created by the gas causes the membrane to bulge. This bulging causes the wire to break and thus the current flow in the winding to be interrupted.
  • a drawback of the known self-healing power capacitor is that the second casing, housing the protection element, is fixed to the upper end wall of the first casing. This signifies that the protection element is not physically separated from the end walls of the first casing. Deformation or damages to the first casing could thus also cause damages to the protection element. Moreover an erroneous mounting of the second casing on the upper end wall of the first casing could lead to a malfunctioning of the protection element. Also a leakage in the upper wall of the first casing could lead to a malfunctioning of the protection element.
  • a self-healing power capacitor is characterised in that said second casing is lodged inside said first casing, separated from the top and or bottom walls belonging to said first casing, said second casing being lodged in said encapsulation material and having at least one wall separated by a narrow gap from said windings. Since the second casing is lodged separated from the side walls of the first casing, the protection element and the windings form separate elements which are together mounted in the first casing, which no longer needs to be provided with an upper end wall. The encapsulation of the protection element and the one of the windings enable to mount them in the first casing in a reliable and easy manner. As the protection element is independent of the side walls, it is less vulnerable for damages caused to the first casing.
  • the gas can only accumulate in the narrow gap.
  • the dimension of the gap and the fact that the protection element is lodged in the encapsulation material, will cause the gas to remain in the gap and thus exert enough pressure on the membrane, and thus providing a reliable operation of the protection element.
  • a first preferred embodiment of a self-healing power capacitor according to the invention is characterised in that said current interruption element comprises a fuse and said protection element comprises a switch, provided to be switched by said membrane, said switch being connected in parallel with said first and second electrode.
  • said membrane acts as a switch, which short-circuits the first and the second electrode. As the fuse is connected in series with one of the electrodes, a short-circuit of the electrodes will melt the fuse and so doing, disconnect the capacitor unit.
  • a second preferred embodiment of a self-healing power capacitor according to the invention is characterised in that said current interruption element comprises a fuse wire connected in series with one of said electrodes and placed in front of a cutting member, which is part of said protection element, said cutting member being provided to be moved by said membrane towards said wire in order to cut said wire, when said pressure is exerted on said membrane.
  • said movement of the membrane caused by a gas pressure applied thereon, will cause the cutting element to be moved towards the fuse wire. Once the cutting element reaches the wire, it will cut the latter, thereby disconnecting the capacitor unit.
  • the travel distance of the cutting element is calibrated in such a manner as to enable a reliable protection element.
  • said membrane is a bi-stable membrane.
  • a bi-stable membrane has the advantage that it provides either a connection or a disconnection of the capacitor unit, which enables to contribute to a reliable operating protection element.
  • Figure 1 shows a first preferred embodiment of a self-healing power capacitor according to the present invention.
  • the capacitor 1 comprises three capacitor units 9-1, 9-2 and 9-3.
  • the three capacitor units are switched according to a delta or triangle configuration for a tri-phase current, where each side of the triangle comprises a capacitor unit.
  • the number of capacitor units mounted in a same first casing 3 is however not restricted to three, and more or less capacitor units could be mounted in a same first casing, depending on the phases composing the current circuit in which the capacitor will be mounted.
  • Each capacitor unit comprises at least one winding 2, made of at least two films of insulating material on which a metal coating has been applied. It should be noticed that several windings could be wound co-axially, however for the present description this will be considered as one winding.
  • the capacitor unit is for example manufactured by first evaporating a metallic deposit on a polypropylene film, which is thereafter wound into cylindrical or oval windings. The windings are metal sprayed on the end-faces to ascertain an electrical connection to an evaporated first 10 and second 11 electrode.
  • the first 10 respectively second 11 electrode of each capacitor unit is connected to a first 5 respectively a second 8 conductor, to which an electrical power source is connectable.
  • the windings 2 of each capacitor unit are surrounded by an encapsulation material 4, which fills up the space between the inner side of the first casing 3 and the windings 2.
  • the encapsulation material is formed by resin, for example polyurethane.
  • a protection element 6 is mounted above the windings 2 of each capacitor unit.
  • the location of the protection element above the windings is merely a practical choice and the protection element could also be located under the windings 2.
  • the protection element must be mounted in such a manner, that a gas produced by a malfunction of the capacitor may move between the film layers and reach the protection element.
  • the protection element 6 is separated from the upper end-face of the windings by a narrow gap 12 of for example 0.5 - 2 mm.
  • the protection element is mounted in a second casing 13, which on its turn is also mounted inside the first casing 3.
  • the conductors 5 and 8 are attached to the second casing 13.
  • the second casing is also encapsulated by the encapsulation material 4.
  • the encapsulation material due to the high viscosity of the used resin, does practically not flow into the narrow gap between the windings and the second casing. Even if a little bit of resin should flow into the narrow gap, this does not affect the operation of the protection element, since the small dimension of the gap will take care that only a very little resin will penetrate the gap.
  • the second casing comprising the protection element, is mounted separated from the capacitor winding 2 and the top and or bottom walls forming the first casing 3.
  • the second casing is separated from the first casing.
  • the protection element is also protected by the encapsulating material.
  • the first casing does not necessarily need to have a top wall as the windings and the second casing are both encapsulated. In such a manner the encapsulation material takes care of the protection of the capacitor and forms the cover of the power capacitor.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates schematically a first embodiment of a capacitor unit according to the present invention.
  • the protection element 6 is connected in parallel over the capacitor windings 2 and comprises a switch, having two contact members 15.
  • a fuse 7 is connected in series with one of the electrodes of the capacitor unit and acts as a current interruption element, as will be described hereunder.
  • the protection element 6 further comprises a membrane 16 with a contact plate 17.
  • the contact plate 17 which is part of the switch, is provided to close the latter.
  • the second casing is mounted in such a manner, that the membrane 16, which forms a side of the second casing, is in contact with the gap 12.
  • the considered capacitor is a self-healing power capacitor.
  • the protection element serves to disconnect the capacitor when a short-circuit or an electrical failure occurs, which can not be suppressed by the self-healing properties of the capacitor unit.
  • a gas will be produced within the windings 2.
  • the gas will travel along the windings and reach the narrow gap 12 between the end-face of the windings and the second casing 13.
  • the gas will build up an overpressure within the narrow gap 12.
  • As the membrane 16 faces the narrow gap that overpressure is applied on the membrane. The pressure thus applied on the membrane, will cause the membrane 16 to move towards the contact members of the switch.
  • the contact plate 17 When the applied pressure is sufficiently high, the contact plate 17 will reach the contact members 15 of the switch, causing the latter to close.
  • the current applied on the electrode 8 will now flow via the switch to the fuse 7, causing the latter to melt by creating a high short-circuit current, directly between the winding electrodes. Once the fuse has melted, the capacitor unit is disconnected from the electrical source, as the link between the second electrode 11 and the power source is broken.
  • the membrane 16, is preferably a bi-stable membrane, which closes the switch from an initial open position into a closed position.
  • the bi-stable membrane is more reliable, as the function of the membrane is to operate the contact plate 17 of the switch 15.
  • the protection element 6 As the protection element 6 is mounted in the second casing 13, which is lodged in the encapsulation material, and as the second casing is separated from the windings 2 by the narrow gap 12, the protection element forms a separate component from the capacitor winding. It is therefore not influenced by the external environment, nor is the manufacturing of the winding influenced by the protection element. The latter being a separate component, which is separately testable during manufacturing of the capacitor. Through the location of the protection element, in the direct vicinity of the windings, the sensitivity of the element is enhanced and the response speed is improved.
  • the figures 3 and 4 show a second preferred embodiment of a self-healing power capacitor according to the present invention.
  • the second embodiment differs from the first one, in the construction of the protection element 6.
  • the current interruption element is integrated inside the second casing 13.
  • the current interruption element is formed by a mechanically breakable conductor or fuse wire 19, which is connected in series with one of the electrodes of the capacitor unit.
  • On the membrane 16 is mounted a cutting member 18.
  • the cutting member 18 is formed by a glass piece, which has the advantage of being particularly suitable for cutting purposes and being a bad electrical conductor.
  • the mechanically breakable conductor 19 is placed in front of the cutting member 18.
  • the cutting member When a pressure is exerted on the membrane 16, the cutting member will be moved towards the fuse wire 19. Once the pressure has reached a predetermined value, the cutting member will have reached the fuse wire, and will cut the latter thus disconnecting the capacitor winding from the power source.
  • the travel distance of the cutting member 13 as well as the one of the contact plate 17 in the first embodiment are adjusted in such a manner, that the disconnection of the capacitor unit will take place once the pressure on the membrane has reached a threshold value, indicative for an electrical failure inside the winding, which can not be self-healed by the capacitor.
  • Figure 5 shows a top view of the first embodiment of a self-healing power capacitor according to the present invention, and in particular how the electrical contacts are built up.
  • the encapsulation material is not visible in order to make the electrical contacts visible. In their final configuration these contacts are embedded in the encapsulation material, so that only the terminals 30 are extending the encapsulation material.
  • Two of the second conductors 8-1 and 8-2 are each time connected to a first plate 21-1, 21-2, which contacts one end of the fuse 7-2 respectively 7-3.
  • the other end of fuse 7 being connected to a second plate 22, to which the first conductors 5 are each time connected.
  • the second plates 24 are also each time connected to one of the switches 15.
  • the other switch 15 being connected to third plates (not shown), which are each time connected to the first plates 21.
  • a fourth plate 20, connected to fuse 7-1, is further connected to terminal 30-3. Perforations 25 are provided in order to position the second casing inside the first casing 3.
  • the first, second, third and fourth plates are all fixed on the second casing 13, wherein the protection element is housed.
  • the second casing is preferably made of plastic material, which is a good electrical insulator and enables an easy manufacturing.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Condensateur autocicatrisant (1) comprenant au moins une unité condensateur (9-1,9-2), chaque unité condensateur comprenant au moins un bobinage (2), fabriqué d'au moins deux films de matière isolante sur lesquels une couche de métal a été appliquée, lesdits bobinages de chaque condensateur étant pourvus d'une première (10) et d'une seconde (11) électrode de connexion, lesdits bobinages étant entourés d'une matière de scellement (4) et logés dans un premier boítier (3), ledit condensateur ayant au moins un élément (6) de protection pour chaque bobinage du condensateur, ledit élément de protection étant monté dans un seconde boítier (13), dont une paroi latérale est formée par une membrane (16) qui est également comprise dans ledit élément de protection, ledit élément de protection étant agencé pour activer, sous l'effet d'une pression exercée sur ladite membrane par un gaz produit lors d'un court-circuit dans lesdits bobinages, un élément de rupture de courant étant connecté en série avec une desdites électrodes, ledit élément de protection étant séparé d'une face d'extrémité desdits bobinages, caractérisé en ce que ledit second boítier (13) est logé à l'intérieur dudit premier boítier (3), séparé des parois de sommet et/ou de fond appartenant audit premier boítier, ledit second boítier étant logé dans la matière de scellement et ayant sa paroi latérale formée par ladite membrane séparée par un espace (12) étroit desdits bobinages.
  2. Condensateur autocicatrisant suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément de rupture de courant comporte un fusible (7), et ledit élément de protection (6) comporte un interrupteur, agencé pour être branché par ladite membrane (16), ledit interrupteur étant connecté en parallèle avec ladite première et seconde électrode (10,11).
  3. Condensateur autocicatrisant suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément de rupture de courant comporte un fil de fusible (19), connecté en série avec une desdites électrodes (10,11) et placé devant un organe de coupure (18), lequel organe de coupure fait partie dudit élément de protection (6), ledit organe de coupure étant agencé pour être déplacé par ladite membrane (16) vers ledit fil, de façon à couper ledit fil lorsque ladite pression est exercée sur ladite membrane.
  4. Condensateur autocicatrisant suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que ladite membrane (16) est une membrane bistable.
  5. Condensateur autocicatrisant suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que ledit second boítier (13) est fait en matière plastique dans laquelle un conducteur métallique est logé.
  6. Condensateur autocicatrisant suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins trois unités condensateurs (9 -1,9-2, 9-3) sont logées dans ledit premier boítier.
  7. Condensateur autocicatrisant suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit organe de coupure (18) est formé par une pièce en verre.
EP97942720A 1996-10-02 1997-10-02 Condensateur autoregenerateur Expired - Lifetime EP0931324B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
WOPCT/BE96/00104 1996-10-02
PCT/BE1996/000104 WO1998014966A1 (fr) 1996-10-02 1996-10-02 Condensateur autoregenerateur
PCT/BE1997/000113 WO1998014967A1 (fr) 1996-10-02 1997-10-02 Condensateur autoregenerateur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0931324A1 EP0931324A1 (fr) 1999-07-28
EP0931324B1 true EP0931324B1 (fr) 2003-04-02

Family

ID=3889520

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97942720A Expired - Lifetime EP0931324B1 (fr) 1996-10-02 1997-10-02 Condensateur autoregenerateur

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US6212055B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0931324B1 (fr)
AU (2) AU7122296A (fr)
BR (1) BR9711836A (fr)
CA (1) CA2267303C (fr)
CZ (1) CZ290594B6 (fr)
DE (1) DE69720486T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2196367T3 (fr)
WO (2) WO1998014966A1 (fr)

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WO2008138398A1 (fr) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-20 Abb Research Ltd Condensateur de puissance équipé d'un dispositif de compensation lente de pression ainsi que d'un dispositif d'interruption en cas de montée en pression rapide

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FR2890486B1 (fr) 2005-09-08 2008-02-01 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Condensateur de puissance
JP2007220794A (ja) * 2006-02-15 2007-08-30 Toyota Motor Corp コンデンサ装置
WO2009134901A1 (fr) * 2008-04-30 2009-11-05 Medtronic, Inc. Électrodes de dérivation d'imagerie par résonance magnétique ayant des revêtements autocicatrisants
US8542475B2 (en) * 2009-10-09 2013-09-24 The Penn State Research Foundation Self healing high energy glass capacitors
CN101840780B (zh) * 2010-05-29 2012-12-19 佛山市顺德区巨华电力电容器制造有限公司 自愈式低压无功补偿电容器
PL225943B1 (pl) * 2014-09-05 2017-06-30 Krawczyk Zenon P P H U Zenex Kondensator mocy z urzadzeniem zabezpieczajacym
CN108037385A (zh) * 2017-11-30 2018-05-15 安徽开博电容科技有限公司 一种用于自愈式电容器自愈失败保护性能测试的分步试验方法
CN110687369B (zh) * 2019-09-03 2023-03-21 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 一种测量高压自愈式电容器自愈能量的装置和方法
CN114188154B (zh) * 2021-12-01 2024-05-24 东佳电子（郴州）有限公司 一种具有自愈功能的高压电容器

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008138398A1 (fr) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-20 Abb Research Ltd Condensateur de puissance équipé d'un dispositif de compensation lente de pression ainsi que d'un dispositif d'interruption en cas de montée en pression rapide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2267303C (fr) 2005-05-24
CZ290594B6 (cs) 2002-08-14
WO1998014967A1 (fr) 1998-04-09
CA2267303A1 (fr) 1998-04-09
AU4446797A (en) 1998-04-24
EP0931324A1 (fr) 1999-07-28
DE69720486D1 (de) 2003-05-08
BR9711836A (pt) 2000-01-18
CZ100299A3 (cs) 1999-10-13
US6212055B1 (en) 2001-04-03
ES2196367T3 (es) 2003-12-16
WO1998014966A1 (fr) 1998-04-09
DE69720486T2 (de) 2004-02-12
AU7122296A (en) 1998-04-24

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