EP0928929A1 - Dispositif de cuisson automatique utilisant un réseau de neurones - Google Patents
Dispositif de cuisson automatique utilisant un réseau de neurones Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0928929A1 EP0928929A1 EP99400041A EP99400041A EP0928929A1 EP 0928929 A1 EP0928929 A1 EP 0928929A1 EP 99400041 A EP99400041 A EP 99400041A EP 99400041 A EP99400041 A EP 99400041A EP 0928929 A1 EP0928929 A1 EP 0928929A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cooking
- cavity
- temperature
- neural network
- family
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F24C7/00—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
- F24C7/08—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24C7/087—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of electric circuits regulating heat
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of cooking devices automatic for oven.
- the invention preferably applies to ovens traditional.
- the purpose of automatic cooking devices is to simplify maximum life of the user while guaranteeing the best result cooking possible.
- the object of the invention is to propose a device based on the use of a neural network, which does not require the establishment of a system of rules of thumb otherwise laborious to design and unsuitable for the cooking operation.
- the device according to the invention does not use preferably two physical measurements, the temperature prevailing in the cavity and moisture emitted by the food during cooking, which does not does not require complex weighing devices in the oven. It's a highly automated device because the only information required from the user is family of dishes, no other information is necessary for a good cooking process, which requires little effort on the part of the user.
- the dish family corresponds to the nature of the food, for example "chicken" or "pie”.
- an automatic cooking device comprising an oven, at least one temperature sensor measuring the temperature in the oven cavity, at least one humidity sensor measuring humidity in the oven cavity, and a neural network, characterized in that the device also includes selection means to which the user provides a given family of dishes information, means to associate a set of link weights to the neural network between neurons, the game being adapted to the dish family, means of that launch a cooking method adapted to the family of dishes, extraction means which extract a group of parameters from measurements made by the temperature sensor and by the sensor humidity, in that the neural network estimates a cooking time remaining from the parameter group, and in that the cooking means carry out the remaining cooking time in open loop.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a cooking device automatic according to the invention.
- the arrows represent exchanges of data between the different parts of the device, the letters or groups of letters near the arrows symbolically represent the data transmitted.
- This device comprises an oven cavity 10, at least one temperature sensor 11, at least one humidity sensor 12, means 13 cooking.
- the dish 14 is introduced into the cavity 10 to be cooked.
- the temperature sensor 11 makes it possible to measure the temperature T in the cavity 10
- the humidity sensor makes it possible to measure the humidity H in the cavity 10.
- the sensors 11 and 12 can be located in cavity 10, but this is not compulsory.
- the temperature sensor 11 is located in cavity 10, while the two humidity sensors are located in an air guide shown in Figure 2 and connecting the cavity 10 to external environment and allowing ventilation of the cavity 10.
- the device can include other types of sensors, but these are sufficient.
- the device also includes cooking means 13, which usually have heating elements not shown on the figure.
- the heating elements can be elements heated by the floor, that is to say by the underside of the cavity 10, or by the grill, that is to say by the upper face of the cavity 10, or else heating elements arranged around a ventilation system of the cavity 10, or a combination of the above heating elements.
- the cooking means 13 heat the cavity 10 and cook the dish 14 via heating elements.
- the connections of the elements 11, 12 and 13 in the cavity 10 are represented by dotted lines.
- the device also includes means 20 for extracting parameters which develop from measurements made by temperature sensors 11 and 12 humidity a GP group of parameters which will be detailed later.
- the device also includes a neural network 30 which receives in input the previous GP group of parameters and which provides output to cooking means 13 a TCR cooking time remaining.
- the device also comprises means 40 for selection by which the user 50 provides the device with FP family information of dishes, that is to say that the user indicates the food category to which the dish belongs 14 intended for cooking.
- the selection means 40 can for example consist of a keyboard or a set of buttons, each button corresponding to a family of dishes. Dish families can by example be like "pie”, “chicken”, “soup”, or other families to define according to the particular application envisaged. Families of FP dishes are preferably chosen so that dishes from the same family have relatively homogeneous cooking properties.
- the plate 14 is introduced into the cavity 10.
- the family FP information of dishes is provided to the means 40 for selection by the user 50. preferably, the user initiates the cooking operation, by pressing example on an on / off button.
- FP information is transmitted by means 40 for selecting the means 13 for cooking.
- Means 13 of cooking launch a cooking method adapted to the FP family of dishes, by example for a family of "pie" dishes the heating will be carried out especially by the floor heating element.
- FP information is transmitted to network 30 of neurons by the selection means 40.
- the neural network 30 is then configured in a way suited to the FP family of dishes, which is preferably homogeneous.
- An additional advantage of the device is include "virtually", on a common network structure, several simple neural networks each adapted to a family of FP dishes, place of a single global network which would be more complex and / or less efficient. "Virtually” here means differing only in their set of weights.
- the neural network 30 has several successive layers of neurons 34, three layers 31 to 33 for example in FIG. 1.
- the neurons 34 of a given layer, for example layer 32 are linked to neurons 34 of the neighboring layers, layers 31 and 33, by connections 35.
- a each of these links 35 is associated with a weighting, that is to say a coefficient, all of these weights constituting a set of weights.
- Each family of FP dishes has a set of weights.
- a set of weights adapted to the FP family of dishes is associated with the neural network 30 which is therefore configured in a way suitable for the FP family of dishes.
- FP information will also be supplied to the means 20 for extracting parameters which will then also be configured in a manner suitable for the FP family of dishes.
- the two sensors 11 and 12 go respectively take temperature and humidity measurements. Preferably, measurements are taken from the start of cooking. From these measurements, the extraction means 20 will extract after a certain time which preferably depends on the FP dish family a group of parameters GP which will be detailed later.
- the GP parameter group is injected input, that is to say on the layer 31 side, of the neural network 30.
- the neural network 30 estimates a TCR cooking time remaining from the GP parameter group.
- a remaining TCR cooking time is provided at the output of the neural network 30, that is to say on the side of layer 33.
- the TCR time is transmitted to the cooking means 13 which perform in a loop open the remaining TCR cooking time.
- Open loop means that at from the moment when the TCR time has been transmitted to the cooking means 13, these are disconnected from the neural network 30, perform the TCR cooking time remaining without any modification of mode or cooking time is provided by the neural network 30 until the end cooking.
- the various preceding means are functional representations, and that the device may include a microprocessor responsible for carrying out all or part of the operations previously described as well as coordinating them. Other connections can conventionally exist between the different means of the device, such as that between the temperature sensor 11 and the means cooking 13 allowing the cooking means 13 to control the cooking; they are not shown in Figure 1.
- the group of parameters consists of the initial temperature Ti of the cavity 10, of the derivative dT of the temperature of the cavity 10 with respect to time, of the flow rate De of water emitted by the dish at a first instant t 1 and of the quantity Qe of water emitted by the dish from the start of cooking until a second instant t 2 .
- the initial temperature of cavity 10 is the temperature prevailing in cavity 10 at the start of cooking.
- the derivative dT is the slope of the temperature over a certain period, it translates the thermal mass of the dish 14, the thermal mass being the product mass (or weight) per heat capacity; as inside a same family of FP dishes, the heat capacity is supposed to evolve in a similar way whatever the dish 14, the derivative dT will then strongly depend on the weight of the dish 14. For example, within the family of "chicken" dish, from one chicken to another, the evolution of the derivative dT will depend mainly on the weight of the chicken.
- the parameter of the derivative dT advantageously replaces the missing information of the weight of the dish 14.
- the flow rate De corresponds to the humidity prevailing in the cavity at the instant t 1 .
- the quantity Qe is the quantity of water emitted from the start of cooking until an instant t 2 ; Qe therefore corresponds to the integration over time of the humidity prevailing in the cavity.
- the instants t 1 and t 2 preferentially depend on the family of flat FP, they are optimized by carrying out tests.
- the FP dish family is therefore a data item transmitted to the extraction means 20 for the extraction of the group of parameters GP.
- these instants t 1 and t 2 are combined, which facilitates the operation of extracting the parameters.
- the choice of these parameters results from a quality optimization of the estimation of the neural network 30 with respect to the complexity of the group of parameters GP and of the structure of the neural network 30.
- FIGS 2A and 2B schematically represent respectively a top view and a side view of an air guide of an embodiment preferred of an automatic cooking device according to the invention.
- the automatic cooking device uses an already existing air guide 1 for the ventilation of the oven cavity air during cooking.
- Air guide 1 is located above the upper face of the cavity not shown on the figure.
- Guide 1 allows ventilation of the cavity by evacuating air charged with moisture from the water emitted by the dish during cooking.
- the air leaving the cavity passes through an inlet not shown in guide 1 before to arrive in guide 1.
- the cooking air coming from the cavity is joined in the guide 1 of the ambient air coming from the external environment not shown on the face.
- the arrows in solid lines represent the air circulation ambient and the triangles connected by dotted lines represent the air circulation Cooking.
- the device On the way of the air circulation, there is a zone 2 in which circulates a mixture of ambient air and cooking air. There is also a zone 5 in which only ambient air circulates.
- the device comprises a first sensor 3 humidity placed in zone 2 of guide 1.
- the first sensor 3 is subjected at much lower thermal stresses than if it were placed in the cavity, which allows the use of a humidity sensor that does not support only low thermal stresses.
- this first sensor 3 measures the humidity in a mixture containing cooking air certainly, but also ambient air whose humidity is different from that of the cavity.
- the device then comprises a second humidity sensor 6 placed in the zone 5 measuring only the ambient humidity, that is to say the external environment.
- Zones 2 and 5 are symbolically represented, the outline exact of the said zones being more complex, and the border between the said areas not being brutal.
- Humidity sensors may have a response depending on the temperature at which they operate, the device has advantageously two additional temperature sensors 4 and 7 respectively placed in the vicinity of the humidity sensors 3 and 6, close enough that the temperature differences between where a humidity sensor is placed and the place where the annex sensor of the associated temperature are insignificant. Sensor information Appendices 4 and 7 then allow the device to modulate the response of humidity sensors 3 and 6 depending on the temperatures at which the humidity sensors 3 and 6 are submitted.
- the temperature sensor measuring the temperature of the cavity is advantageously placed in the cavity, it will also serve as a temperature regulation for cooking.
- the oven preferably has a ventilation system to homogenize the temperature in the cavity during cooking.
- the neural network of FIG. 1 will now be detailed in a preferred embodiment.
- the numbers are those of figure 1.
- the neural network 30 includes neurons 34 distributed in several layers 31 to 33.
- the network has three layers of neurons, the layer 31 of the input layer, the intermediate layer 32, and the output layer 33.
- the neurons 34 are linked together by links 35.
- Links 35 have weights.
- the neurons of the input layer 31 correspond to the parameters of the GP parameter group, they are therefore preferably at number of four.
- the output layer 33 provides a single value, the time TCR of cooking remaining, so it preferably consists of a single neuron.
- Each intermediate layer 32 neuron receives from each of the four input layer 31 neurons a signal.
- the signal emitted by an input layer 31 na neuron to a layer 32 nb neuron intermediate corresponds to the value of the parameter assigned to the neuron na weighted by the weighting of the link between the neurons na and nb.
- the neuron of layer 33 of output receives signals from layer 32 neurons intermediate, signals from which it issues a signal representing time Estimated cooking TCR remaining.
- each family of FP dishes corresponds a set of weights of connections between neurons. These games of weights are determined during learning phases on examples with the help of an expert cook. The different examples as well by variations of dish, while staying in the same family, as variations in initial temperature for example.
- Each weighting set is advantageously determined as follows. On a series examples belonging to the same family of dishes, we perform the comparison between the cooking time given by the expert cook and the cooking time estimated by the neural network, we then obtain a error. The cook expert estimates the cooking time based on his view, his sense of smell, his experience, etc. Through the examples, by "Backpropagation of the error gradient", the neural network strives to correct, to minimize its errors by a statistical method looking for the correlations between the different examples.
- the weighting game obtained when errors are minimized will be the game chosen for the dish family corresponding, for cooking then carried out by the user.
- the network is said to be "convergent".
- Each family of dishes with a specific set of weights, on a common neural network structure we can thus define several "virtual" neural networks, that is, differing only in their play of weights, each “virtual” neural network being adapted and therefore optimized for a particular family of FP dishes. This provides a neural network structure that is both simple and convergent.
- Each family of dishes may require more examples or lower, depending on whether the family is "simple" or "complex".
- a simple family of dishes is a family whose different elements have a almost identical behavior
- a complex family of dishes is a family whose different elements have a more disparate behavior.
- the neural network converges, the number of neurons in the middle layer is large enough. But if that number becomes the order of magnitude of the number of examples per family of dishes used during the learning phases, the network will tend to "get specialize ", that is to say to associate each neuron of the layer intermediate to one or two learning examples, and when cooking performed by the user, the neural network will estimate a time of cooking remains wrong if the dish and the cooking conditions do not match not exactly one of the examples in the learning phase.
- the neural network it takes otherwise force the neural network to "generalize" the examples of the learning phase by choosing a ratio between the number of examples and the number of neurons in the middle layer that is sufficient tall.
- the intermediate layer comprises six neurons, and the number of examples per family of dishes during the learning phase is on the order of twenty.
- the device according to the invention is simple and effective. It also the advantage of being scalable. Indeed, the introduction of a new family of dishes only requires the storage of a new set of weights obtained during an additional learning phase over a few examples of dishes belonging to the new family.
- the device according to the invention can also combine the means previously described for families of relatively complex dishes and other more traditional means, for example using relationships directly calculating the remaining cooking time from the measurements performed by temperature and humidity sensors, for families very simple dishes, that is to say all of which have a uniform behavior.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
- Electric Ovens (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- la figure 1 représente schématiquement un dispositif de cuisson automatique selon l'invention.
- la figure 2A représente schématiquement une vue de dessus d'un guide d'air d'un dispositif de cuisson automatique selon l'invention.
- la figure 2B représente schématiquement une vue de côté d'un guide d'air d'un dispositif de cuisson automatique selon l'invention.
Claims (10)
- Dispositif de cuisson automatique comportant un four, au moins un capteur (11) de température mesurant la température (T) dans la cavité (10) du four, au moins un capteur (12) d'humidité mesurant l'humidité (H) dans la cavité (10) du four, et un réseau (30) de neurones (34), caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comporte également des moyens (40) de sélection auxquels l'utilisateur (50) fournit une information de famille (FP) de plats donnée, des moyens pour associer au réseau (30) de neurones (34) un jeu de pondérations des liaisons (35) entre les neurones (34), le jeu étant adapté à la famille (FP) de plats, des moyens (13) de cuisson qui lancent un mode de cuisson adapté à la famille (FP) de plats, des moyens (20) d'extraction qui extraient un groupe (GP) de paramètres à partir des mesures effectuées par le capteur (11) de température et par le capteur (12) d'humidité, en ce que le réseau (30) de neurones (34) estime un temps (TCR) de cuisson restant à partir du groupe (GP) de paramètres, et en ce que les moyens (13) de cuisson effectuent en boucle ouverte le temps (TCR) de cuisson restant.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comporte deux capteurs (3,6) d'humidité absolue et un guide (1) d'air lequel comporte une première zone (2) où passe de l'air provenant de la cavité et d'un milieu extérieur et une deuxième zone (5) où ne passe pas d'air provenant de la cavité mais seulement de l'air provenant du milieu extérieur, le premier capteur (3) d'humidité étant placé dans la première zone (2) et le deuxième capteur (6) d'humidité étant placé dans la deuxième zone (5).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comporte aussi deux capteurs (4,7) annexes de température, chaque capteur (4,7) annexe de température étant placé au voisinage d'un des capteurs (3,6) d'humidité, et en ce que le dispositif module en température la réponse des capteurs (3,6) d'humidité à l'aide des capteurs (4,7) annexes de température.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le groupe (GP) de paramètres est constitué de la température initiale (Ti) de la cavité (10), de la dérivée (dT) de la température de la cavité (10) par rapport au temps, du débit (De) d'eau émise par le plat (14) à un premier instant (t1) et de la quantité (Qe) d'eau émise par le plat (14) depuis le début de la cuisson jusqu'à un deuxième instant (t2).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le premier instant (t1) et le deuxième instant (t2) sont confondus.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le premier et le deuxième instants (t1, t2) sont adaptés à la famille (FP) de plats.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le réseau (30) de neurones (34) est constitué de trois couches (31, 32, 33) successives qui sont : la couche (31) d'entrée constituée de quatre neurones, la couche (32) intermédiaire, la couche (33) de sortie constituée d'un neurone.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que, chaque jeu des pondérations des liaisons (35) étant déterminé au cours d'un apprentissage avec un nombre d'exemples prédéfini, le rapport entre le nombre d'exemples et le nombre de neurones de la couche intermédiaire est suffisamment grand pour empêcher le réseau (30) de neurones (34) de se spécialiser sur les exemples.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le nombre d'exemples est de l'ordre de vingt et en ce que la couche intermédiaire comporte six neurones.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le four est un four traditionnel.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9800135 | 1998-01-08 | ||
FR9800135A FR2773390B1 (fr) | 1998-01-08 | 1998-01-08 | Dispositif de cuisson automatique utilisant un reseau de neurones |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0928929A1 true EP0928929A1 (fr) | 1999-07-14 |
EP0928929B1 EP0928929B1 (fr) | 2003-04-16 |
Family
ID=9521607
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19990400041 Expired - Lifetime EP0928929B1 (fr) | 1998-01-08 | 1999-01-08 | Dispositif de cuisson automatique utilisant un réseau de neurones |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0928929B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69906826T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2195522T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2773390B1 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009027304A1 (fr) | 2007-08-24 | 2009-03-05 | Arcelik Anonim Sirketi | Four |
US7971450B2 (en) | 2005-04-05 | 2011-07-05 | Electrolux Professional Spa | Deep-freezer with neural network |
EP1980791B1 (fr) | 2003-08-06 | 2016-11-09 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Appareil de cuisson avec capteur de brunissement |
CN107965803A (zh) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-04-27 | 广东永衡良品科技有限公司 | 一种提醒防干烧的智能检测装置及其控制方法 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105444222B (zh) * | 2015-12-11 | 2017-11-14 | 美的集团股份有限公司 | 微波炉的烹饪控制方法、系统、云服务器和微波炉 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0529644A2 (fr) * | 1991-08-30 | 1993-03-03 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Appareil de cuisson |
JPH05172334A (ja) * | 1991-10-21 | 1993-07-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 調理器具 |
JPH05172338A (ja) * | 1991-12-20 | 1993-07-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 調理器具 |
EP0794387A1 (fr) * | 1994-09-27 | 1997-09-10 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Methode d'estimation de la temperature de l'interieur d'une substance a cuire et dispositif de cuisson thermique mettant en uvre cette methode |
-
1998
- 1998-01-08 FR FR9800135A patent/FR2773390B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-01-08 ES ES99400041T patent/ES2195522T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-08 DE DE69906826T patent/DE69906826T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-08 EP EP19990400041 patent/EP0928929B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0529644A2 (fr) * | 1991-08-30 | 1993-03-03 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Appareil de cuisson |
JPH05172334A (ja) * | 1991-10-21 | 1993-07-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 調理器具 |
JPH05172338A (ja) * | 1991-12-20 | 1993-07-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 調理器具 |
EP0794387A1 (fr) * | 1994-09-27 | 1997-09-10 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Methode d'estimation de la temperature de l'interieur d'une substance a cuire et dispositif de cuisson thermique mettant en uvre cette methode |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 017, no. 592 (M - 1502) 28 October 1993 (1993-10-28) * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1980791B1 (fr) | 2003-08-06 | 2016-11-09 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Appareil de cuisson avec capteur de brunissement |
US7971450B2 (en) | 2005-04-05 | 2011-07-05 | Electrolux Professional Spa | Deep-freezer with neural network |
WO2009027304A1 (fr) | 2007-08-24 | 2009-03-05 | Arcelik Anonim Sirketi | Four |
CN107965803A (zh) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-04-27 | 广东永衡良品科技有限公司 | 一种提醒防干烧的智能检测装置及其控制方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69906826D1 (de) | 2003-05-22 |
DE69906826T2 (de) | 2004-03-04 |
FR2773390B1 (fr) | 2000-03-24 |
FR2773390A1 (fr) | 1999-07-09 |
ES2195522T3 (es) | 2003-12-01 |
EP0928929B1 (fr) | 2003-04-16 |
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