EP0924575A2 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Fixieren von Tonerbildern - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Fixieren von Tonerbildern Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0924575A2 EP0924575A2 EP98121575A EP98121575A EP0924575A2 EP 0924575 A2 EP0924575 A2 EP 0924575A2 EP 98121575 A EP98121575 A EP 98121575A EP 98121575 A EP98121575 A EP 98121575A EP 0924575 A2 EP0924575 A2 EP 0924575A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- gas
- fixing
- zone
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011197 physicochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006163 transport media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
- G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
Definitions
- contact and non-contact processes For fixing toner images in electrophotography and related processes a basic distinction is made between contact and non-contact processes.
- the former group includes fixation by hot rollers or belts as well as the Pressure fixation, the latter possibly under the influence of elevated temperature.
- the second group belong e.g. Radiation process using continuous or also pulsed lamps, or the physico-chemical method of Fixation with solvent vapors.
- hot roll fixation has become widely accepted today, although it does have some disadvantages elsewhere due to increased effort or have to be bought by loss of print quality.
- a big problem, with which the hot roller fixation struggles is the so-called “hot offset”, in which melted toner sticks to the roller surface and subsequent ones Revolutions is delivered to the substrate.
- the roller materials are chosen so that they are one have low surface energy (such as PTFE or silicone rubber), and in addition becomes a low-viscosity release agent, usually silicone oil, on the surface applied.
- a low-viscosity release agent usually silicone oil
- the mechanical modules of the toner must be set so that sufficient elastic component counteracts the hot offset. This affects the Flowability of the toner when fixing up to the prevention of sufficient Coalescence of toner droplets.
- the impaired fluidity also affects disadvantageous on the process of toner production, because too elastic materials when Grinding process cause difficulties.
- to prevent hot offset internal release agents added to the toner which again complicate the toner production and make the toner more expensive.
- the second group of fixation methods the non-contact methods, know the problems of the hot offset is not.
- the toners can therefore be produced "ideally flowable", one requires no silicone oil and no internal release agents.
- the disadvantages of non-contact methods concern the controlled introduction of the required heat into the Toner layer.
- the thermal efficiency of all radiation systems is - at least at higher fixing speeds - lower than with roller fixing.
- Pulsed radiation processes so-called flash-fusing systems, often generate one local overheating of the toner layer, which leads to the thermal degradation of the polymers and thus leads to the emission of unhealthy and unpleasant smelling gases.
- flash-fusing systems Pulsed radiation processes, so-called flash-fusing systems, often generate one local overheating of the toner layer, which leads to the thermal degradation of the polymers and thus leads to the emission of unhealthy and unpleasant smelling gases.
- the rapid heating of the toner layer leads to micro-explosions tends, whose traces prevent an even filling.
- the method of fixation with solvent vapor works on the principle that the Layer of toner on the substrate through which vapors swell. This will make a liquid color film is generated on the substrate, which is basically like a liquid Ink can behave and should potentially deliver high image quality.
- the solvent is removed from the substrate after fixation.
- the disadvantages of the procedure are obvious: the handling of organic solvents in a printing press is undesirable in terms of work and environmental protection. Also based known systems also on halogenated solvents (CFCs), their use even less.
- the invention represents a system for non-contact fixation, which is in contrast to Radiation systems used as a heat transfer medium and water vapor in contrast does not cause appreciable swelling of the toner to solvent vapor systems.
- the Fixing effect is based essentially on the fact that in the superheated steam stored heat due to collision of the water molecules with the toner on them is transferred, causing the toner to melt. If the substrate is paper, use the increased water content of the hot air delays drying of the paper. A The paper drying can take place immediately after fixing counteract additionally.
- the gas can consist of 100% water vapor
- the gas becomes be a mixture of air and water vapor. Reduced with increasing air content however, the efficiency of heat transfer to the toner.
- Using of paper as a printing substrate can the ratio of water vapor and air in the gas so be set so that drying out of paper is optimally counteracted.
- toner images can be printed on single sheets as well as on continuous paper be fixed as a printing substrate.
- a device for the contactless fixing of toner images on a substrate, with a Transport device for transporting the substrate through a fixing zone in which the Toner images are exposed to a gas includes a device for Generation of hot gas with a substantial proportion of water vapor, the gas is directed into an essentially closed space that is currently in the Fuser zone surrounding toner image.
- the device includes one except one Side essentially closed housing, the open side at a short distance abuts a substrate transport path, the housing and the substrate transport path delimit the essentially closed space.
- the device essentially comprises one side closed housing that delimits the essentially closed space and that has two elongated narrow openings through which one Substrate transport path runs.
- the closed space or furnace which contains the fixing gas and through which the Substrate transport takes place, can not be very gastight without high technical effort be made.
- the least tightness problems arise when the pressure the fixing gas does not differ significantly from the atmospheric pressure, so that even at certain unavoidable leaks, no significant gas exchange with the Environment takes place.
- the heat exchange can be increased in that a nozzle arrangement in the Furnace is provided which condenses the water vapor onto the substrate splashes.
- the furnace can also be constructed so that essentially without a pronounced forced flow, i.e. only convection takes place, only that The presence of the water vapor causes the toner to melt.
- Fig. 1 shows two successive sheets of paper 1, which the fuser happen, being on a flat section of a conveyor belt, not shown lying on the left or right in the figure.
- the fuser essentially contains a cuboid housing 2, which extends over the arc width extends and which has an open side which faces the paper sheet 1.
- the distance between the side walls of the housing 2 and the paper sheet 1 becomes so small made as possible so that inside the housing 2 a substantially closed room 3 is formed.
- the housing 2 is through a partition 4 in a lower part 3a and an upper Subspace 3b divided, which on the left side in the figure in connection with each other stand so that the room 3 has a U-shaped cross section.
- On the right in the Figure open gas inlet lines 5 in the lower part of the room 3a and Gas outlet lines 6 in the upper part 3b.
- the gas inlet lines 5 hot steam with a temperature of e.g. 300 ° C supplied to room 3 passes along the arrows and through the gas outlet lines 6 again leaves.
- the hot steam sweeps across the paper sheets 1 while they are the fuser happen, whereby the applied in the development station on the paper sheets 1 Toner images are melted. After they leave the fuser have, the toner images or paper sheets 1 by a not shown Cooling device cooled so that the toner images are permanently attached to the paper become.
- FIG. 2 shows a variant of the fixing station from FIG. 1, in which two housing halves 7a and 7b, which are each similar to the housing 2 of FIG. 1, with each other with their open sides opposite, whereby a substantially closed space 8 with a lower Subspace 8a and an upper subspace 8b is formed.
- the side walls of the Housing halves 7a and 7b have a small distance from each other to elongate to form narrow openings 9a and 9b, through which paper sheets 1 to the left or transported to the right of the figure.
- the housing halves 7a and 7b are each connected to gas inlet and outlet lines 5 and 6 as in Fig. 1.
- the housing halves 7a and 7b have no partitions like that Housing 2 of Fig. 1, but the hot steam moves within each compartment 8a or 8b essentially by convection when it is on the paper surface cools as indicated by arrows.
- the energy generated in the form of heat radiation from the heating elements is not used directly for fixing.
- the following simple estimate shows that the concept of heat transport can be realized by heated water vapor.
- T 2nd T 1 ⁇ Exp R c p p ⁇ P f f e I. V
- the exponent in Eq. (8) can be reduced. This can be done, for example, by increasing the efficiency f e or increasing the pressure p . In any case, the degree of efficiency is practically achievable. It remains to be seen whether you can get well beyond 10% or even reach this value. An increase in pressure is only possible with great technical effort and is therefore out of the question.
- Fig. 4 which the required Gas temperature as a function of the volume flow when the convection is fixed by Toners for hot air and steam as a heat transfer medium according to the equations (12) and (14) shows.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine Querschnittsansicht eines Fixierofens, der oberhalb einer Substrattransportbahn angeordnet ist,
- Fig. 2
- eine Querschnittsansicht eines Fixierofens, der eine Substrattransportbahn umgibt,
- Fig. 3
- den Überschuß an innerer Energie von überhitztem Wasserdampf, und
- Fig. 4
- die für Konvektionsfixierung benötigte Gastemperatur in Abhängigkeit vom Volumenstrom für Heißluft bzw. Wasserdampf als Wärmetransportmedium.
molare innere Energie | [J mol-1] | U |
molare Wärmekapazität | [J K-1mol-1] | cp |
thermodynamische Temperatur | [K] | T |
molares Volumen | [m3 mol-1] | Vm |
Energie pro Volumen | [J m-3] | EV |
Leistung | [W] | P |
Druck | [Pa] | p |
Volumenstrom | [m3 s-1] | IV |
allg. Gaskonstante | [J K-1mol-1] | R = 8,3144 J K-1mol-1 |
- Papiergewicht
- G = 0,15 kg/m2
- Druckgeschwindigkeit
- ν = 0,3 m/s
- Druckbreite
- l = 0,3 m
- Dichte
- r = 700 kg/m3
- 1
- Papierbogen
- 2
- Gehäuse
- 3
- geschlossener Raum
- 3a, 3b
- Teilräume
- 4
- Trennwand
- 5
- Gaseintrittsleitungen
- 6
- Gasaustrittsleitungen
- 7a, 7b
- Gehäusehälften
- 8
- geschlossener Raum
- 8a, 8b
- Teilräume
- 9a, 9b
- Öffnungen
- 10
- Dichtungen
Claims (10)
- Verfahren zum berührungslosen Fixieren eines Tonerbildes auf einem Substrat durch ein Gas, dem das Tonerbild ausgesetzt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Gas heiß ist und einen wesentlichen Anteil Wasserdampf enthält. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das heiße Gas eine Temperatur zwischen ungefähr 150 °C und 400 °C hat. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Substrat durch eine Zone transportiert wird, in der das Tonerbild dem Gas ausgesetzt wird, und anschließend durch eine Zone transportiert wird, in der es aktiv abgekühlt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Substrat Papier ist. - Vorrichtung zum berührungslosen Fixieren von Tonerbildern auf Substrat, mit einer Transporteinrichtung zum Transport des Substrates durch eine Fixierzone, in der die Tonerbilder einem Gas ausgesetzt sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Vorrichtung eine Einrichtung zur Erzeugung von heißem Gas mit einem wesentlichen Anteil Wasserdampf enthält, wobei das Gas in einen im wesentlichen geschlossenen Raum (3; 8) geleitet wird, der das gerade in der Fixierzone befindliche Tonerbild umgibt. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß sie ein mit Ausnahme von einer Seite im wesentlichen geschlossenes Gehäuse (2) enthält, dessen offene Seite in geringem Abstand an eine Substrattransportbahn angrenzt, wobei das Gehäuse (2) und die Substrattransportbahn den im wesentlichen geschlossenen Raum (3) abgrenzen. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß sie ein im wesentlichen allseitig geschlossenes Gehäuse (7a, 7b) enthält, das den im wesentlichen geschlossenen Raum (8) abgrenzt und das zwei langgestreckte schmale Öffnungen (9a, 9b) aufweist, durch die hindurch eine Substrattransportbahn verläuft. - Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das heiße Gas eine Temperatur zwischen ungefähr 150 °C und 400 °C hat. - Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8,
gekennzeichnet durch
eine Kühlvorrichtung zum Kühlen des Substrates, nachdem es den im wesentlichen geschlossenen Raum (3; 8) verlassen hat. - Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Substrat Papier ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19755584 | 1997-12-15 | ||
DE19755584A DE19755584A1 (de) | 1997-12-15 | 1997-12-15 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Fixieren von Tonerbildern |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0924575A2 true EP0924575A2 (de) | 1999-06-23 |
EP0924575A3 EP0924575A3 (de) | 2001-05-09 |
EP0924575B1 EP0924575B1 (de) | 2002-09-11 |
Family
ID=7851893
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98121575A Expired - Lifetime EP0924575B1 (de) | 1997-12-15 | 1998-11-19 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Fixieren von Tonerbildern |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6067437A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0924575B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH11237801A (de) |
DE (2) | DE19755584A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10037464A1 (de) * | 2000-08-01 | 2002-03-07 | Oce Printing Systems Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Fixieren eines Tonerbildes unter Verwendung eines gerichteten Stroms aus Lösemitteldampf |
US7031626B1 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2006-04-18 | Eastman Kodak Company | Fixing roller system and method |
US7890043B2 (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2011-02-15 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Pressure-controlled steam oven for asymptotic temperature control of continuous feed media |
US7801475B2 (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2010-09-21 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Ultra-heated/slightly heated steam zones for optimal control of water content in steam fuser |
US8118420B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2012-02-21 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Contactless ink leveling method and apparatus |
US8123345B2 (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2012-02-28 | Xerox Corporation | System and method for leveling applied ink in a printer |
US8606165B2 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2013-12-10 | Xerox Corporation | Extended zone low temperature non-contact heating for distortion free fusing of images on non-porous material |
US8378263B2 (en) * | 2008-10-13 | 2013-02-19 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Hybrid multi-zone fusing |
US7848668B2 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2010-12-07 | Xerox Corporation | Fusers, printing apparatuses and methods of fusing toner on media |
DE102013201549B3 (de) | 2013-01-30 | 2014-06-18 | Océ Printing Systems GmbH & Co. KG | Druckanordnung zum beidseitigen Bedrucken eines Aufzeichnungsträgers und Druckverfahren |
DE102013201552B4 (de) | 2013-01-30 | 2017-03-30 | Océ Printing Systems GmbH & Co. KG | Druckanordnung zum beidseitigen Bedrucken eines Aufzeichnungsträgers und Druckverfahren |
JP6241043B2 (ja) * | 2013-02-27 | 2017-12-06 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 記録物の製造方法 |
JP6394139B2 (ja) * | 2014-07-16 | 2018-09-26 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 画像形成装置および画像形成方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2927453A1 (de) * | 1979-07-06 | 1981-01-15 | Siemens Ag | Fixiervorrichtung |
DE3636324A1 (de) * | 1986-10-24 | 1988-04-28 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und anordnung zum fixieren von auf einem bandfoermigen aufzeichnungstraeger aufgebrachten tonerbildern mit hoher qualitaetskonstanz |
US5140377A (en) * | 1991-11-25 | 1992-08-18 | Xerox Corporation | Thermal fusing of toner in xerographic apparatus using water vapor |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2613066A1 (de) * | 1976-03-26 | 1977-09-29 | Siemens Ag | Fixiereinrichtung fuer auf einem aufzeichnungstraeger aufgebrachtes tonerpulver |
DE2811835A1 (de) * | 1978-03-17 | 1979-09-27 | Siemens Ag | Fixiervorrichtung |
US5461470A (en) * | 1993-06-18 | 1995-10-24 | Xeikon Nv | Electrostatographic single-pass multiple station printer for forming images on a web |
-
1997
- 1997-12-15 DE DE19755584A patent/DE19755584A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-11-19 DE DE59805499T patent/DE59805499D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-19 EP EP98121575A patent/EP0924575B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-15 US US09/212,645 patent/US6067437A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-15 JP JP10356173A patent/JPH11237801A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2927453A1 (de) * | 1979-07-06 | 1981-01-15 | Siemens Ag | Fixiervorrichtung |
DE3636324A1 (de) * | 1986-10-24 | 1988-04-28 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und anordnung zum fixieren von auf einem bandfoermigen aufzeichnungstraeger aufgebrachten tonerbildern mit hoher qualitaetskonstanz |
US5140377A (en) * | 1991-11-25 | 1992-08-18 | Xerox Corporation | Thermal fusing of toner in xerographic apparatus using water vapor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0924575B1 (de) | 2002-09-11 |
DE59805499D1 (de) | 2002-10-17 |
US6067437A (en) | 2000-05-23 |
JPH11237801A (ja) | 1999-08-31 |
DE19755584A1 (de) | 1999-06-17 |
EP0924575A3 (de) | 2001-05-09 |
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