EP0923156B1 - Antenne à court-circuit réalisée selon la technique des microrubans et dispositif incluant cette antenne - Google Patents

Antenne à court-circuit réalisée selon la technique des microrubans et dispositif incluant cette antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0923156B1
EP0923156B1 EP98402988A EP98402988A EP0923156B1 EP 0923156 B1 EP0923156 B1 EP 0923156B1 EP 98402988 A EP98402988 A EP 98402988A EP 98402988 A EP98402988 A EP 98402988A EP 0923156 B1 EP0923156 B1 EP 0923156B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
line
vertical
conductors
patch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98402988A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0923156A1 (fr
Inventor
Christophe Grangeat
Charles Ngounou Kouam
Laurence Lorcy
Jean-Philippe Coupez
Serge Toutain
François Lepennec
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Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel SA
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Publication of EP0923156A1 publication Critical patent/EP0923156A1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the antennas produced according to the microstrip technique.
  • Such an antenna is typically used in a spectral range including radiofrequencies and microwaves. She includes a patch which is typically formed by etching a layer metallic. It is called in English by specialists "microstrip patch antenna "for" microstrip type patch antenna ".
  • the presentation will sometimes be limited below for the purpose of simplification to the sole case of an antenna transmitter connected to a transmitter. But it must be understood that the provisions described could also apply in the case of receiving antennas connected to a receiver. For the same purpose it will be accepted that the substrate has the form of a horizontal sheet.
  • a first type can be called “half-wave”.
  • the antenna is then called “half-wave” or "electric”.
  • This length is substantially equal to half the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave propagating in this direction in the line formed by the mass, the substrate and the patch.
  • the coupling with the radiated waves is done at the ends of this length, these extremities being located in regions where the amplitude of the electric field prevailing in the substrate is maximum.
  • a second type of resonant structure which can be produced according to this same technique can be called "quarter wave”.
  • the antenna is then said "quarter wave” or “magnetic". It differs from a half-wave antenna by part by the fact that its pellet has a length substantially equal to a quarter of the wavelength, this length of the patch and this wavelength being defined as above, on the other hand by the fact that a significant short circuit is made at one end of this length between the mass and the patch of so as to impose a resonance of the quarter wave type including a node of electric field is fixed by this short circuit. Coupling with waves radiated is done at the other end of this length, this other end being located in the region where the amplitude of the electric field across the substrate is maximum.
  • the coupling of such an antenna to a signal processing device such that a transmitter is typically done through not only a coupling device included in this antenna, but also a line of external connection to this antenna and connecting the coupling device to the signal processor. If we consider a functional chain including the signal processor, the connection line, the coupling device and the resonant structure, the coupling and the connection line are made so that this chain has a uniform impedance over its entire length, which avoids parasitic reflections opposing good coupling.
  • connection line is to carry a radio frequency or microwave signal from the transmitter to the antenna terminals. Throughout such a line the signal is propagates in the form of a traveling wave without undergoing, at least in principle, significant modification of its characteristics.
  • the function of coupling device is to transform the signal supplied by the line of connection so that this signal excites a resonance of the antenna, this is to say that the energy of the traveling wave carrying this signal is transferred to a standing wave settling in the antenna with defined characteristics by the latter.
  • the antenna it transfers the energy of this wave stationary at a wave radiated in space.
  • the signal provided by the transmitter thus undergoes a first transformation to pass from the shape of a wave progressive to that of a standing wave, then a second transformation which gives it the shape of a radiated wave.
  • a first transformation to pass from the shape of a wave progressive to that of a standing wave
  • a second transformation which gives it the shape of a radiated wave.
  • an antenna receiving the signal takes the same forms in the same organs but the transformations are done in reverse order and direction.
  • Connection lines can be made using a technique other than planar, for example in the form of coaxial lines.
  • Antennas produced using planar techniques are included in various types of devices. These devices include portable radiotelephones, base stations for the latter, automobiles and airplanes or air missiles.
  • portable radio the continuous nature of the lower mass layer of this antenna makes it possible to easily limit the radiation power intercepted by the body of the user of the device.
  • the antenna can be shaped to this profile so as not to appear additional aerodynamic drag embarrassing.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to antennas of limited dimensions of the quarter wave type.
  • a first quarter-wave antenna produced using the microstrips is known from an article by T.D. Ormiston, P. Gardner, and P.S. Hall "Microstrip Short-circuit Patch Design Equations", Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 16, No. 1, September 1997, page 12-14.
  • Feeding means are provided by this article to allow to feed the antenna from a transmitter. They are designated by the terms microstrip feed ", that is to say they are made using the microstrip. Although this is not at all explained in this article, it is clear that such means perform the two functions which have been previously specified for the coupling device and the connection line.
  • the connection line is a line to conventional type microstrip.
  • a main conductor of this line is a ribbon shown located in the plane of the patch.
  • a ground conductor of this line belongs to the mass layer not shown which is common to this line, to the coupling device and to the antenna.
  • the coupling device has the form of a ribbon longitudinal horizontal. It is presented as belonging to a line of the type microstrip extending the ribbon from the connection line.
  • This ribbon can be called coupling tape. It enters the area of the pellet through the edge of the short circuit. It then extends into this area from this edge between two notches and connects to the pad at an internal connection point of this patch that is to say at a point inside this area.
  • These two notches are provided in this article to allow penetration of the tape coupling to the suitable connection point. They correspond to two edges of the axial gap of the short circuit.
  • This first known antenna has the following drawbacks:
  • a first drawback is that the tape and the mass of the connection line are located in the extension of the patch and the mass of the antenna, respectively.
  • the components of the transmitter are located inside the device including the antenna while this last is located on the surface of this device, these elements being typically grouped on a printed circuit board called "motherboard".
  • motherboard a printed circuit board
  • Another disadvantage of this antenna is that its power, or more generally, its coupling to the signal processing member cannot be usefully obtained only through precise adjustment of various parameters. These parameters include the width and the length of the two notches mentioned above and the width of the coupling tape. They must be adjusted to give a suitable value for the antenna impedance. Their values, and more particularly that of this length, must be brought between tolerance limits very close to each other and hardly predeterminable. In the case of industrial manufacture of such antennas in series, this adjustment difficulty can increase manufacturing costs annoyingly.
  • a second quarter-wave antenna produced using the microstrips is known from patent document WO 94/24723 (Wireless Access, Inc).
  • Its patch (316 in Figure 3) has a wide slot (rectangular ring 350) to make its operation less sensitive to proximity of conductive masses such as a human body or to that of electrical circuits such as those of a microcomputer.
  • Its short circuit (330) is partial, i.e. it is formed on only one segment of an edge of this pastille. It is indicated that this facilitates an adaptation of the impedance antenna input.
  • the connection line supplying this antenna is arranged vertically under the substrate. It is of the coaxial type.
  • the device coupling consists of an extension of the central conductor, i.e. of the main conductor which extends in the axis of this line, this extension crossing the substrate to come and connect to the patch. As for the driver of mass which sheaths this line, it is connected directly to the mass of the antenna.
  • This second known antenna has the drawback in particular that the realization of an effective coupling device through the end part of the central conductor of a coaxial line connecting to the antenna patch requires drilling the substrate and presents difficulties practical, especially for adjusting the position of the connection. These difficulties increase the cost of manufacturing, especially if it is mass production.
  • Connection conductors include a first guide ribbon wave extending on the upper face of the dielectric layer lower, because it is cut in the pellet.
  • the first ribbon guide is connected to a coaxial cable located in below the ground plane, by a very wide conductive strip lower than that of the first guide, and extending over the edge of the layer lower dielectric.
  • the coaxial cable is replaced by a second ribbon waveguide extending in the ground plane, on the lower surface of the lower dielectric layer, if it is designed as a printed circuit board.
  • This antenna has the disadvantage of an impedance discontinuity not negligible, at the connection between the first guide and the cable coaxial or the second ribbon guide.
  • FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a device for communication including a first antenna produced according to this invention.
  • FIG. 2 represents a top view of the antenna of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 represents a front view of this same antenna.
  • FIG. 4 represents a diagram of the variation of a coefficient of reflection in decibels at the input of this same antenna depending on the frequency expressed in MHz.
  • Figure 5 shows a partial view of a second antenna produced according to this invention, in section through an axial vertical plane.
  • Figure 6 shows a partial perspective view of the antenna Figure 5.
  • the present invention also relates to a device for communication including an antenna according to this invention and a said organ for signal processing connected to this antenna by a so-called set of connection.
  • the antenna according to the present invention can be an antenna single frequency or multi frequency antenna.
  • the antenna given as an example is a dual-frequency antenna, i.e. it must be able to give rise to the minus two resonances so that they can operate in two modes corresponding to two operating frequencies.
  • a slot has been formed in the pellet 6 and opens forward outside of this last. It constitutes a longitudinal separating slot F1.
  • the scope longitudinal occupied by this slot defines in this patch a region before Z2, Z1, Z12, the slot itself separating in this region a primary zone Z1 of a secondary zone Z2.
  • a rear region ZA extends between this region front and rear edge 10. This rear region is much shorter depending on the longitudinal direction DL as this front region.
  • the internal connection point 18 is located in the primary zone Z1.
  • An operating mode of the antenna then constitutes a primary mode in which a standing wave is established by propagation of waves progressive in both directions of this longitudinal direction or of a direction close to the latter, these waves propagating in an area including this primary zone and this rear region by substantially excluding the secondary zone Z2.
  • Another operating mode constitutes a mode secondary in which a standing wave is established thanks to a propagation traveling waves in the same two directions, these waves propagating in another area including the primary and secondary zones and the rear region.
  • the rear region ZA has a first function which is to couple the secondary zone to the primary zone for allow the establishment of the secondary mode. It has a second function which is to allow the short circuit on the rear edge to play its role in each of these two areas.
  • the antenna is then, at least approximately, for each operating frequency, of the quarter type wave.
  • Pad and coupling line configurations and more particularly the longitudinal position of the internal connection point 18 are chosen so as to show a predetermined desired value the impedance presented by the antenna for the signal processor or more typically for a connection line connecting this member to this device.
  • This impedance will be referred to hereinafter as the antenna impedance.
  • impedance input In the case of a transmitting antenna it is usually called impedance input.
  • desired value is advantageously equal to the impedance of the connection line. This is why, preferably, the position of the point of connection gives the antenna impedance substantially the same value for the various operating frequencies.
  • the operating frequencies have predetermined desired values. These values can be advantageously obtained by a suitable choice of dimensions respective longitudinal zones primary Z1 and secondary Z2. It is why these two dimensions are typically different.
  • the configuration of the patch 6 further forms a slot extending in the transverse direction DT.
  • This slot constitutes a transverse separating slot F2 partially separating this primary zone of the rear region ZA. It connects to the rear end of the longitudinal separating slot F1.
  • Another F3 slot extends into the primary zone Z1 forward from the transverse separating slot F2. It can be called frequency lowering slot because its role is to lower the operating frequencies to an increasing extent with its length. It thus makes it possible not only to limit the length of the pellet necessary to obtain predetermined desired frequency values of operation, but also to adjust these frequencies thanks to an adjustment suitable for its length.
  • the antenna has a plane of symmetry extending along the longitudinal DL and vertical DV directions, the trace of this plane in the upper surface of the substrate constituting an axis of symmetry A for the pellet 6.
  • the number included in the reference signs of the one that is right in the figures is equal to the corresponding number of that of left increased by 10.
  • the coupling device and the primary zone Z1 extend in the vicinity of axis A and the configuration of the patch forms two said longitudinal separating slots F1, F11 on either side of this zone primary.
  • the secondary zone then comprises two parts Z2, Z12 located respectively beyond these two slots.
  • all of the separating slots F1, F2, F11, F12 has the shape of a U.
  • the branches and the base of this U are longitudinal and transverse respectively.
  • This base has an interval axial 20 extending on either side of the axis to connect the primary zone Z1 to short circuit C2, C12 via an axial part of the region rear ZA.
  • the coupling line which constitutes the antenna coupling device comprises a conductor belonging to the upper conductive layer. More precisely a section C1 of said main conductor penetrates in the longitudinal direction DL into the area of the patch 6. It extends between a rear end close to the edge rear 10 and a front end constituting the internal connection point 18.
  • This section of main conductor C1 has the form of a ribbon and can be called a horizontal coupling tape.
  • this ribbon is limited laterally by two notches F4 and F14. But, in the antenna of the present invention, these two notches F4 and F14 are sufficiently narrow in the direction DT and sufficiently long according to DL direction to be considered as two respectively longitudinal slots F4 and F14. These two slots separate this ribbon from the patch 6 and will hereinafter be called coupling slots.
  • the choice of their width depends to the fact that the parameters of the line of which this coupling ribbon constitutes the main conductor can advantageously be determined by designing this line as a coplanar line able to excite the antenna in a way distributed along the length of this line rather than as a line of the type microstrip intended to excite the antenna only at the end of this line.
  • the ground conductor of this coplanar line is mainly formed in the manner of a coplanar line by the parts of the patch 6 located laterally on either side of this ribbon C1 beyond the two slots F4 and F14, and not by the mass of the antenna as in a line to microstrip.
  • This line will hereinafter be called the horizontal coplanar line.
  • the antenna would allow the antenna to be coupled via a signal electromagnetic applied or collected by the external connection line to the rear end of this horizontal coplanar line between two terminals common to this horizontal coplanar line and to the antenna, these two terminals being respectively constituted by this ground conductor 4 of this line and the rear end of this ribbon C1.
  • the external connection line to the rear end of this horizontal coplanar line between two terminals common to this horizontal coplanar line and to the antenna, these two terminals being respectively constituted by this ground conductor 4 of this line and the rear end of this ribbon C1.
  • making the connection between the device coupling and this external line via such conductors located in the pellet plan would complicate the manufacture of these devices.
  • the horizontal coplanar line in question extends along axis A. It passes through the axial interval 20 of the base of the U, this interval being delimited by the two coupling slots F4 and F14.
  • the position of the front end 18 of its conductor principal is determined to give a desired value to the impedance of the antenna. But this impedance also depends on other parameters such as the widths of C1 coupling tape and coupling slots, F4 and F14, as well than the nature of the substrate.
  • said short circuit is a short circuit composite comprising two short-circuit conductors C2 and C12. These two conductors extend in the vertical direction DV leaving between them a free interval. Each of them connects the ground 4 of the antenna to the patch 6.
  • the vertical conductor C3 of the coupling line has the same width as the horizontal conductor C1, and it is separated from the short-circuit conductors C2 and C12 respectively by slots F5 and F15 which have the same width as the slots F4 and F14, of so that the vertical line section constitutes a vertical coplanar line connecting to the horizontal coplanar line without appreciable discontinuity impedance.
  • connection conductors are formed on the wafer surface S3 facilitates substantially the realization of a connection between on the one hand the device coupling belonging to the antenna formed on the surface of the device and other hand, a connection line connecting this device to a processing unit signal. If this organ is located inside this device this line can take the form of a coaxial line which, in the vicinity of the antenna, is perpendicular to the plane thereof. In other cases this provision of connection conductors facilitate the connection of the antenna to conductors carried by a motherboard on one side of which the substrate of the antenna has been previously fixed, the connection line then being typically, at least in the vicinity of the antenna, parallel to the direction longitudinal of it.
  • connection conductors suitable for form antenna terminals on the wafer surface of the substrate do not complicates the fabrication of the antenna only negligibly. Indeed on the one hand the realization of the short-circuit conductors is necessary for that the antenna manufactured is of the quarter wave type.
  • the first connecting conductor can be achieved by at least one process analogous to that of producing short-circuit conductors and, in the most cases during the same manufacturing step.
  • connection conductors occupy only a fraction of the rear edge 10.
  • the antenna given in example it is substantially the same fraction as that of the primary zone Z1.
  • the widths of the coupling tapes and slots such that the coupling slots located on either side of these ribbons are chosen so as to give a uniform and suitable impedance, which is typically 50 ohms, to the coupling line formed by the lines vertical and horizontal coplanar.
  • the impedance of the antenna is also adjusted by the choice of the position of the internal connection point 18. The small value of the widths of the coupling slots and the lateral coupling effect which results in expanding the manufacturing margin for these various parameters, and this while maintaining a good quality of coupling.
  • the line of external connection to the antenna is a coaxial line. At least in the vicinity of the antenna it typically extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of this antenna, i.e. for example according to the vertical direction DV. It includes an axial conductor C4. At a first end of the line, this axial conductor is connected to conductor C3. AT the other end of the line it is connected to a first terminal of the signal processing 8. Along the length of the line it is surrounded by a sheath conductor C5. At the first end of the line this sheath is connected to both to the two short-circuit conductors C2 and C12. At the other end of the line it is connected to the other terminal of the signal processor 8 which is constituted for example by a transmitter.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show how the necessary connection between a external connection line and an antenna coupling device is produced in the case of a second antenna in accordance with the present invention.
  • this second antenna is respectively analogous, at least as to their functions, to various elements of the first antenna which has been previously described.
  • Such elements are designated by same letters and / or reference numbers as analogous elements of the first antenna, except that the numbers are increased by 50, the conductor earth C5 of the external connection line of the first antenna being for example analogous to a conductor C55 of the second antenna.
  • This second antenna differs from the first in the following points:
  • Main conductor C54 and ground C55 of the line external connection are formed on the lower and upper surfaces of a dielectric sheet 30 constituting a motherboard and carrying the components not depicted of a signal processor also not shown.
  • This line is of the microstrip type.
  • a layer constituting its mass and that of the motherboard is an extension of the ground 54 of the antenna.
  • Substrate 52 of the latter is fixed on the upper surface of the motherboard 30.
  • the two short-circuit conductors C52 and C62 are produced in the form of two preconstituted metal strips and plated both on the upper face of the substrate 52, on its surface section S53 and on the ground C55 of the motherboard 30.

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
EP98402988A 1997-12-11 1998-11-30 Antenne à court-circuit réalisée selon la technique des microrubans et dispositif incluant cette antenne Expired - Lifetime EP0923156B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9715694A FR2772518B1 (fr) 1997-12-11 1997-12-11 Antenne a court-circuit realisee selon la technique des microrubans et dispositif incluant cette antenne
FR9715694 1997-12-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0923156A1 EP0923156A1 (fr) 1999-06-16
EP0923156B1 true EP0923156B1 (fr) 2004-01-28

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EP98402988A Expired - Lifetime EP0923156B1 (fr) 1997-12-11 1998-11-30 Antenne à court-circuit réalisée selon la technique des microrubans et dispositif incluant cette antenne

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Country Link
US (1) US6133880A (zh)
EP (1) EP0923156B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH11284430A (zh)
CN (1) CN1127171C (zh)
AT (1) ATE258720T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU743872B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2254263A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE69821327T2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2210690T3 (zh)
FR (1) FR2772518B1 (zh)
SG (1) SG77208A1 (zh)
TW (1) TW404081B (zh)

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FR2772518A1 (fr) 1999-06-18
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ATE258720T1 (de) 2004-02-15
JPH11284430A (ja) 1999-10-15
US6133880A (en) 2000-10-17
CN1127171C (zh) 2003-11-05
SG77208A1 (en) 2000-12-19
ES2210690T3 (es) 2004-07-01
EP0923156A1 (fr) 1999-06-16
DE69821327T2 (de) 2004-11-18
AU9610198A (en) 1999-07-01
AU743872B2 (en) 2002-02-07
FR2772518B1 (fr) 2000-01-07
DE69821327D1 (de) 2004-03-04
CN1226093A (zh) 1999-08-18

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