EP0914243B1 - Method and installation for continuous extraction of a liquid contained in a raw material - Google Patents

Method and installation for continuous extraction of a liquid contained in a raw material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0914243B1
EP0914243B1 EP97920779A EP97920779A EP0914243B1 EP 0914243 B1 EP0914243 B1 EP 0914243B1 EP 97920779 A EP97920779 A EP 97920779A EP 97920779 A EP97920779 A EP 97920779A EP 0914243 B1 EP0914243 B1 EP 0914243B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
screws
zone
pressing
mono
filtering
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP97920779A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0914243A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Marie Bouvier
Philippe Résidence du Clos Saint-Pavin GUYOMARD
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Clextral SAS
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Clextral SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/16—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing operating with two or more screws or worms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/16—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing operating with two or more screws or worms
    • B30B9/163—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing operating with two or more screws or worms working in different chambers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/06—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by pressing
    • C11B1/08—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by pressing by hot pressing

Definitions

  • the present invention applies for example when extracting oil from an oilseed raw material or oilseed, algae, plants or more citrus.
  • thermomechanical preparation phase the raw material undergoes first a so-called thermomechanical preparation phase, followed by a pressing phase carried out in presses flat or in single-screw filters to collect more or less dry residues.
  • the residues are processed in a solvent extraction unit, conventionally n-hexane, which ultimately gives a residue with a residual liquid content varying from 1 to 3% of the weight.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a method extraction of a liquid contained in a material first, which significantly reduces the time necessary for the extraction of the liquid and therefore the energy consumption.
  • FIGs 1 and 2 there is shown schematically a continuous extraction installation of a liquid contained in a raw material, as by example an oleaginous or oleoproteinous material and especially citrus fruits, plants or algae.
  • This extraction installation consists of an extrusion machine designated as a whole by reference 1 and which comprises three parts, respectively A, B and C.
  • the extrusion machine 1 is supplied at its upstream end in raw material through an orifice 2 connected to a feed hopper 3 which is itself supplied with raw material through a storage hopper 4 and a doser 5, weight or volumetric type.
  • the first part A of the extrusion machine 1 includes two co-rotating and co-penetrating screws, respectively 10a and 10b, driven in rotation around of parallel axes, respectively 11a and 11b, inside of a first sheath 12.
  • the screws 10a and 10b are driven in rotation by an assembly, not shown, consisting of a motor, a gear motor and a gearbox.
  • the screws 10a and 10b are provided with helical threads which mesh with each other, and the inner wall sleeve 12 has two intersecting bores, respectively 12a and 12b, slightly inner diameter greater than the outside diameter of the threads of the screws 10a and 10b.
  • screws 10a and 10b are advantageously made up of fluted shafts, 13a and 13b respectively, on which are mounted screw sections.
  • each of these sections has splines corresponding to those of the shaft grooved and the external part is provided with threads helical whose pitch differs depending on the section considered for transport and processing of material first.
  • the first part A of the machine 1 is made up of several successive zones each corresponding to a particular phase of the extraction process according to the invention.
  • the screws 10a and 10b include wide threads 20 to ensure the transfer of the material introduced through the opening 2 which opens widely on the two screws 10a and 10b to distribute said material in the threads 20.
  • the screws 10a and 10b are provided with wide threads 21 to ensure mixing of the matter.
  • the sheath 12 is provided heating means 14 constituted by a circuit circulation of a heat transfer fluid or by a electric heating, for example by induction.
  • These heating means 14 make it possible to bake the material at a temperature between 90 and 150 ° C.
  • the screws 10a and 10b are provided with threads 22 with tight pitch in order to press the material to recover the liquid in this material.
  • the sleeve 12 is provided with a filtering surface formed by holes 15 distributed over a portion of the periphery of said sheath 12, rod shown in Fig. 3.
  • screws 10a and 10b are fitted with 25 threads with tight pitch and counter threads 26, that is to say reverse pitch threads comprising openings 27 extending radially from the axis of the screws to the periphery of the thread and evenly distributed around the axis.
  • the sheath 12 is provided heating means 16 constituted by a circuit circulation of a heat transfer fluid or by a electric heating, for example by induction.
  • These heating means 16 allow, in zone A5, to cook the material at a temperature between 90 and 150 ° C.
  • the second part B of the extrusion machine 1 is formed of two co-rotating single screws, respectively 30a and 30b, carried by parallel axes, respectively 31a and 31b, integral with the axes 11a and 11b of the screws 10a and 10b of the first part A of the extrusion machine 1.
  • the screws 30a and 30b are driven in rotation inside a second elongated sheath 40 with bores, 40a and 40b respectively, for each screws 30a and 30b.
  • bores 40a and 40b are independent and communicate with each other by a light 32 allowing a passage of the material between the two bores 40a and 40b sheath 40.
  • this area is formed by a first zone B1 in which the screws 30a and 30b are provided with nets 33 with wide pitch and a zone B2 in which the screws 30a and 30b are provided with threads 34 with a tight pitch.
  • Each of these series of holes 41 is characterized by its percentage of transparency.
  • This transparency is defined as the ratio of the area generated by the holes on the total interior area of a bore.
  • the third part C of the machine extrusion 1 determines a compression zone C1 and extruding the dry residue of said material.
  • This zone C1 is formed by a die 50 which includes an insert 51 cooperating with the tip of each single screw 30a and 30b and determining an air gap 52 and an outlet channel 53 of the dry residue.
  • the air gap 52 is adjustable by the insert 51 which is mounted movable longitudinally by means appropriate, not shown.
  • the residual liquid content in the residue dry coming out of the extrusion machine is less than 15%.
  • the flow rate can be used material supply, screw configuration, the speed of rotation of the screws, the configuration of the the filtering surfaces provided in the sheaths and the temperature of the heating means.
  • the material feed rate influences on the filling rate of the screws and this flow is controlled, for example, by the weight metering device 5 or volumetric.
  • the configuration of the screws determines the state of transformation of the material and by therefore the physical and physico-chemical characteristics of the product during the different phases of treatment.
  • the configuration of the single-screw influences the dynamics of pressing and the compression ratio.
  • the configuration of these screws fixes the pressing rate which is equal to the ratio of the quantity of material to be pressed contained in a thread on the time needed to perform a complete rotation of this step.
  • the screw rotation speed determines for a given flow rate, the residence time of the material within of the area considered which contributes to conditioning of this material at the entrance to the pressing zone and filtration.
  • the air gap makes it possible to create a more or less important material at the level of the sector.
  • This element therefore makes it possible to act over time of the material, but also on the time of pressing of this material within the air gap and on its degree of crushing.
  • the pressing and filtration zone by its geometric characteristics, influences the quantities of liquid extracted and on the liquid content of the residue dry at the outlet of the extrusion machine.
  • the temperature of the heating means allows regulate heat losses or heat the material also causing a change in flow within the extrusion machine, as well as within the sector.
  • Tests have been carried out on seeds rapeseed and pure rapeseed almonds 00.
  • the extrusion machine has the following configuration, for a bore diameter of 55.5mm in the first part A provided with co-rotating and co-penetrating screws and a bore diameter of 45.5mm in the second part B fitted with single screw.
  • the dry matter content in the oil collected is less than 10%.
  • the residual oil content in the meal is around 12%.
  • the extrusion machine has the configuration indicated in the table below for a bore diameter of 55.5mm in zone A with co-rotating and co-penetrating screws and a bore diameter of 45.5mm in part B with single screws.
  • the dry matter content in the oil collected is less than 10%.
  • the residual oil content in the meal is around 15%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for continuous extraction of a liquid contained in a raw material, characterised in that in a first section A of an extruding machine (1), the raw material is introduced and the following operations are carried out: a first mixing and a first heating operation, at least one pressing and one filtering operation on the material, at least one compression and one shearing operation, at least a second mixing and a second heating operation, and in a second section B of the said extruding machine (1), at least one pressing and one filtering operation on the material, and in a third section C of the said extruding machine (1), the dry residue of the said material is compressed and extruded. The invention also features a continuous extracting installation for implementing the method.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé et une installation d'extraction en continu d'un liquide contenu dans une matière première.The subject of the present invention is a method and a continuous liquid extraction installation contained in a raw material.

La présente invention s'applique par exemple à l'extraction de l'huile d'une matière première oléagineuse ou oléoprotéagineuse, des algues, des végétaux ou encore des agrumes.The present invention applies for example when extracting oil from an oilseed raw material or oilseed, algae, plants or more citrus.

Actuellement, l'extraction du liquide contenu dans ce genre de matière première est réalisée par malaxage ou trituration, puis pressage dans des grosses unités d'une capacité variant par exemple de 150 000 à 300 000 tonnes/an.Currently, the extraction of the contained liquid in this kind of raw material is made by mixing or crushing, then pressing in large units with a capacity varying for example from 150,000 to 300,000 tonnes / year.

Dans ces unités, la matière première subit d'abord une phase dite de préparation thermomécanique, suivie d'une phase de pressage réalisée dans des presses planes ou dans des filtres mono-vis de façon à recueillir des résidus plus ou moins secs.In these units, the raw material undergoes first a so-called thermomechanical preparation phase, followed by a pressing phase carried out in presses flat or in single-screw filters to collect more or less dry residues.

Mais, ces résidus résultant de la séparation solide-liquide présentent encore une teneur résiduelle en liquide, par exemple en huile, d'au moins environ 20% en poids, ce qui est élevé et nécessite un traitement ultérieur d'extraction.But, these residues resulting from the separation solid-liquid still have a residual content in liquid, for example in oil, of at least about 20% by weight, which is high and requires treatment subsequent extraction.

A cet effet, les résidus sont taités dans une unité d'extraction au solvant, classiquement du n-hexane, ce qui permet d'obtenir finalement un résidu présentant une teneur résiduelle en liquide variant de 1 à 3% du poids.For this purpose, the residues are processed in a solvent extraction unit, conventionally n-hexane, which ultimately gives a residue with a residual liquid content varying from 1 to 3% of the weight.

Cependant, ce traitement d'extraction au solvant est coûteux et présente des risques.However, this extraction treatment at solvent is expensive and presents risks.

Ces équipements traditionnels qui n'ont pas subi d'évolution depuis de nombreuses années, sont de plus encombrants et consonnent des puissances élevées et nécessitent des temps de traitement relativement longs. These traditional equipments which have not undergone evolution for many years, are of more bulky and consonate high powers and require relatively long processing times.

Par ailleurs, on assiste à une évolution de variétés de graines oléagineuses, avec l'avènement de nouvelles graines, comme par exemple le colza 00, dont le pressage est plus délicat.In addition, we are witnessing an evolution of varieties of oilseeds, with the advent of new seeds, such as rapeseed 00, of which pressing is more delicate.

Pour palier ce problème, on a proposé l'utilisation d'un expandeur, mais cette solution ne donne pas entièrement satisfaction.To overcome this problem, we proposed the use of an expander, but this solution does not not entirely satisfactory.

Ces problèmes rencontrés en séparation solide-liquide ne sont pas propres aux oléagineux et l'industrie agro-alimentaire en générale requiert l'utilisation de procédés permettant l'extraction sélective de certains produits à partir d'une matière première variée.These problems encountered in separation solid-liquid is not specific to oilseeds and the food industry in general requires the use of processes allowing selective extraction certain products from a raw material varied.

L'invention a pour but de proposer un procédé d'extraction d'un liquide contenu dans une matière première, qui permet de réduire considérablement le temps nécessaire pour l'extraction du liquide et de ce fait la consommation d'énergie.The object of the invention is to propose a method extraction of a liquid contained in a material first, which significantly reduces the time necessary for the extraction of the liquid and therefore the energy consumption.

L'invention a donc pour objet un procédé d'extraction en continu d'un liquide contenu dans une matière première, comme par exemple une matière oléagineuse ou oléoprotéagineuse, caractérisé en ce que :

  • dans une première partie d'une machine d'extrusion conprenant deux vis co-rotatives et co-pénétantes entraínées en rotation autour d'axes parallèles à l'intérieur d'un premier fourreau muni d'alésages sécants, on introduit la matière première et on effectue:
    • un premier malaxage et une première cuisson de la matière,
    • au moins un pressage et une filtration de la matière pour récupérer une partie du liquide contenu dans latte matière,
    • au moins une compression et un cisaillement de la matière,
    • un deuxième malaxage et une deuxième cuisson de la matière,
  • dans une seconde partie de la machine d'extrusion comprenant deux mono-vis co-rotatives portées par des axes parallèles solidaires des axes des vis de la première partie et entraínées en rotation à l'intérieur d'un second fourreau allongé muni d'alésages indépendants et communiquant entre eux pas une lumière, on effectue au moins un pressage et une filtration pour récupérer le liquide de la matière sortant de la première partie de la machine d'extrusion,
  • et dans une troisième partie de ladite machine d'extrusion, on comprime et on extrude le résidu sec de latte matière.
The subject of the invention is therefore a process for the continuous extraction of a liquid contained in a raw material, such as for example an oleaginous or oleoproteinous material, characterized in that:
  • in a first part of an extrusion machine comprising two co-rotating and co-penetrating screws driven in rotation about parallel axes inside a first sheath provided with intersecting bores, the raw material is introduced and we perform:
    • a first mixing and a first cooking of the material,
    • at least one pressing and one filtration of the material to recover part of the liquid contained in the material,
    • at least compression and shearing of the material,
    • a second mixing and a second cooking of the material,
  • in a second part of the extrusion machine comprising two co-rotating single-screws carried by parallel axes integral with the axes of the screws of the first part and driven in rotation inside a second elongated sheath provided with bores independent and communicating with each other not a light, at least one pressing and one filtration are carried out to recover the liquid from the material leaving the first part of the extrusion machine,
  • and in a third part of said extrusion machine, the dry residue of the material is compressed and extruded.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention :

  • la première et la seconde cuisson sont réalisées à une température comprise entre 90 et 150°C,
  • la teneur en liquide résiduel dans le résidu sec sortant de la machine d'extrusion est inférieure à 15%.
According to other characteristics of the invention:
  • the first and second cooking are carried out at a temperature between 90 and 150 ° C.,
  • the content of residual liquid in the dry residue leaving the extrusion machine is less than 15%.

L'invention a également pour objet une installation d'extraction en continu d'un liquide contenu dans une matière première, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une machine d'extrusion comportant :

  • une première partie formée de deux vis co-rotatitves et co-pénétrantes entraínées en rotation autour d'axes parallèles à l'intérieur d'un premier fourreau allongé et muni d'alésages sécants et déterminant:
    • une zone d'introduction et de transport de la matière,
    • une première zone de malaxage et de cuisson de la matière,
    • au moins une zone de pressage et de filtration pour récupérer une partie du liquide contenu dans latte matière,
    • au moins une zone de compression et de cisaillement de la matière,
    • une seconde zone de malaxage et de cuisson de la matière,
  • une seconde partie formée de deux mono-vis co-rotatives portées par des axes parallèles solidaires des axes des vis de la première partie et entraínées en rotation à l'intérieur d'un second fourreau allongé muni d'alésages indépendants et communiquant entre eux par une lumière et déterminant au moins une zone de pressage et de filtration pour récupérer le liquide de la matière sortant de la première partie de la machine d'extrusion,
  • et une troisième partie déterminant une zone de compression et d'extrusion du résidu sec de latte matière.
The subject of the invention is also an installation for continuously extracting a liquid contained in a raw material, characterized in that it comprises an extrusion machine comprising:
  • a first part formed by two co-rotational and co-penetrating screws driven in rotation around parallel axes inside a first elongated sheath and provided with intersecting and determining bores:
    • an area for introducing and transporting the material,
    • a first zone for kneading and cooking the material,
    • at least one pressing and filtration zone to recover part of the liquid contained in the material,
    • at least one zone of compression and shearing of the material,
    • a second mixing and cooking zone for the material,
  • a second part formed by two co-rotating single-screws carried by parallel axes integral with the axes of the screws of the first part and driven in rotation inside a second elongated sheath provided with independent bores and communicating with each other by a lumen and determining at least one pressing and filtration zone for recovering the liquid from the material leaving the first part of the extrusion machine,
  • and a third part defining a compression and extrusion zone of the dry residue of the material slat.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention :

  • les vis de la première partie présentent, dans les zones de transport, de malaxage et de cuisson et de pressage et filtration, un pas variable,
  • le premier fourreau comporte, dans ladite zone de pressage et de filtration, une surface filtrante formée de trous répartis sur une portion de la périphérie dudit fourreau,
  • les vis de la première partie sont munies, dans la zone de compression et de cisaillement de filets à pas inversés par rapport au sens de transport de la matière et munis d'ouvertures de passage vers l'aval d'un débit contrôlé de matière,
  • chaque mono-vis, dans la zone de pressage et de filtration de la seconde partie, présente un taux de compression inférieur à 8 et de préférence compris entre 1,1 et 4,
  • le pas des mono-vis est, dans la zone de pressage et de filtration de la seconde partie, constant et le diamètre de l'axe de chacune desdites mono-vis augmente dans le sens d'écoulement de la matière,
  • dans la zone de pressage et de filtration de la seconde partie, le pas des mono-vis se resserre progressivement dans le sens d'écoulement de la matière et le diamètre de l'axe de chacune desdites mono-vis est constant,
  • le second fourreau comporte, dans ladite zone de pressage et de filtration, une surface filtrante formée de trous répartis sur une portion de la périphérie dudit fourreau,
  • la surface filtrante présente une transparence comprise entre 3 et 50% et de préférence comprise entre 5 et 20%,
  • la zone de compression et d'extrusion de la troisième partie est formée par une filière comprenant au moins un insert déplaçable longitudinalement et déterminant avec l'extrémité de chaque mono-vis, un entrefer réglable.
According to other characteristics of the invention:
  • the screws of the first part have, in the areas of transport, kneading and cooking and pressing and filtration, a variable pitch,
  • the first sleeve comprises, in said pressing and filtration zone, a filtering surface formed of holes distributed over a portion of the periphery of said sleeve,
  • the screws of the first part are provided, in the compression and shearing zone with threads with inverted pitch relative to the direction of transport of the material and provided with openings for passage downstream of a controlled flow of material,
  • each single screw, in the pressing and filtration zone of the second part, has a compression ratio of less than 8 and preferably between 1.1 and 4,
  • the pitch of the single-screws is constant in the pressing and filtration zone of the second part and the diameter of the axis of each of said single-screws increases in the direction of flow of the material,
  • in the pressing and filtration zone of the second part, the pitch of the single-screws gradually tightens in the direction of flow of the material and the diameter of the axis of each of said single-screws is constant,
  • the second sheath comprises, in said pressing and filtration zone, a filtering surface formed of holes distributed over a portion of the periphery of said sheath,
  • the filtering surface has a transparency of between 3 and 50% and preferably between 5 and 20%,
  • the compression and extrusion zone of the third part is formed by a die comprising at least one insert movable longitudinally and determining with the end of each single screw, an adjustable air gap.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront au cours de la description qui va suivre, faite en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la Fig. 1 est une vue schématique en coupe dans un plan vertical passant par l'axe d'une vis d'une installation d'extraction conforme à l'invention,
  • la Fig. 2 est une vue schématique en coupe transversale de l'installation d'extraction conforme à l'invention,
  • la Fig. 3 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne 3-3 de la Fig. 2,
  • la Fig. 4 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne 4-4 de la Fig. 2.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent during the description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view in a vertical plane passing through the axis of a screw of an extraction installation according to the invention,
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view in cross section of the extraction installation according to the invention,
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view along line 3-3 of FIG. 2,
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view along line 4-4 of FIG. 2.

Sur les figures 1 et 2, on a représenté schématiquement une installation d'extraction en continu d'un liquide contenu dans une matière première, comme par exemple une matière oléagineuse ou oléoprotéagineuse et notamment des agrumes, des végétaux ou des algues.In Figures 1 and 2, there is shown schematically a continuous extraction installation of a liquid contained in a raw material, as by example an oleaginous or oleoproteinous material and especially citrus fruits, plants or algae.

Cette installation d'extraction se compose d'une machine d'extrusion désignée dans son ensemble par la référence 1 et qui comprend trois parties, respectivement A, B et C.This extraction installation consists of an extrusion machine designated as a whole by reference 1 and which comprises three parts, respectively A, B and C.

La machine d'extrusion 1 est alimentée à son extrémité amont en matière première par l'intermédiaire d'un orifice 2 relié à une trémie d'alimentation 3 qui est elle même alimentée en matière première par l'intermédiaire d'une trémie de stockage 4 et d'un doseur 5, du type pondéral ou volumétrique.The extrusion machine 1 is supplied at its upstream end in raw material through an orifice 2 connected to a feed hopper 3 which is itself supplied with raw material through a storage hopper 4 and a doser 5, weight or volumetric type.

La première partie A de la machine d'extrusion 1 comprend deux vis co-rotatives et co-pénétrantes, respectivement 10a et 10b, entraínée en rotation autour d'axes parallèles, respectivement 11a et 11b, à l'intérieur d'un premier fourreau 12.The first part A of the extrusion machine 1 includes two co-rotating and co-penetrating screws, respectively 10a and 10b, driven in rotation around of parallel axes, respectively 11a and 11b, inside of a first sheath 12.

Les vis 10a et 10b sont entraínées en rotation par un ensemble, non représenté, constitué d'un moteur, d'un motoréducteur et d'une boíte à engrenages.The screws 10a and 10b are driven in rotation by an assembly, not shown, consisting of a motor, a gear motor and a gearbox.

Ainsi que représenté sur les Figs. 1 et 2, les vis 10a et 10b sont munies de filets hélicoïdaux qui engrènent les uns dans les autres, et la paroi interne du fourreau 12 comporte deux alésages sécants, respectivement 12a et 12b, de diamètre intérieur légèrement supérieur au diamètre extérieur des filets des vis 10a et 10b.As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the screws 10a and 10b are provided with helical threads which mesh with each other, and the inner wall sleeve 12 has two intersecting bores, respectively 12a and 12b, slightly inner diameter greater than the outside diameter of the threads of the screws 10a and 10b.

Ces filets sont imbriqués les uns dans les autres et les deux vis 10a et 10b sont entraínées à la même vitesse de rotation et dans le même sens de telle sorte que les deux vis 10a et 10b sont identiques, les filets étant simplement décalés les uns par rapport aux autres. These nets are nested one in the others and the two screws 10a and 10b are driven to the same rotation speed and in the same direction of such so that the two screws 10a and 10b are identical, the nets being simply offset from each other other.

Ainsi que représenté à la Fig. 3, les vis 10a et 10b sont avantageusement constituées d'arbres cannelés, respectivement 13a et 13b, sur lesquels sont montés des tronçons de vis.As shown in FIG. 3, screws 10a and 10b are advantageously made up of fluted shafts, 13a and 13b respectively, on which are mounted screw sections.

L'alésage intérieur de chacun de ces tronçons est muni de cannelures correspondant à celles de l'arbre cannelé et la partie extérieure est munie de filets hélicoïdaux dont le pas diffère selon le tronçon considéré pour le transport et le traitement de la matière première.The internal bore of each of these sections has splines corresponding to those of the shaft grooved and the external part is provided with threads helical whose pitch differs depending on the section considered for transport and processing of material first.

De ce fait, on peut ainsi disposer d'un assez grand nombre de tronçons permettant de faire varier le pas, la profondeur, le nombre de filets et la longueur de chaque zone de traitement.Therefore, we can thus have a fairly large number of sections to vary the pitch, depth, number of threads and length of each treatment area.

Ainsi, la première partie A de la machine d'extrusion 1 est constituée de plusieurs zones successives correspondant chacune à une phase particulière du procédé d'extraction selon l'invention.So the first part A of the machine 1 is made up of several successive zones each corresponding to a particular phase of the extraction process according to the invention.

Comme représenté sur les Figs. 1 et 2, la première partie A de la machine d'extrusion 1 comprend:

  • une zone A1 d'introduction et de transport de la matière,
  • une première zone A2 de malaxage et de cuisson de la matière,
  • au moins une zone A3 de pressage et de filtration pour récupérer une partie du liquide contenu dans ladite matière,
  • au moins une zone A4 de compression et de cisaillement de la matière,
  • et une zone A5 de malaxage et de cuisson de ladite matière.
As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the first part A of the extrusion machine 1 comprises:
  • an area A1 for introducing and transporting the material,
  • a first zone A2 for kneading and cooking the material,
  • at least one press and filtration zone A3 for recovering part of the liquid contained in said material,
  • at least one area A4 of compression and shearing of the material,
  • and an area A5 for kneading and cooking said material.

Dans la première zone A1 d'introduction et de transport de la matière, les vis 10a et 10b comportent des filets 20 à pas large afin d'assurer le transfert de la matière introduite par l'orifice 2 qui s'ouvre largement sur les deux vis 10a et 10b pour répartir ladite matière dans les filets 20.In the first area A1 of introduction and transport of the material, the screws 10a and 10b include wide threads 20 to ensure the transfer of the material introduced through the opening 2 which opens widely on the two screws 10a and 10b to distribute said material in the threads 20.

Cette matière est donc immédiatement transportée vers l'aval de la machine d'extrusion 1.This material is therefore immediately transported downstream of the extrusion machine 1.

Dans la zone A2 de la première partie A de la machine d'extrusion 1, les vis 10a et 10b sont munies de filets 21 à pas large afin d'assurer un malaxage de la matière.In zone A2 of the first part A of the extrusion machine 1, the screws 10a and 10b are provided with wide threads 21 to ensure mixing of the matter.

Dans cette zone A2, le fourreau 12 est pourvu de moyens de chauffage 14 constitués par un circuit de circulation d'un fluide caloporteur ou par un organe de chauffage électrique, par exemple par induction.In this zone A2, the sheath 12 is provided heating means 14 constituted by a circuit circulation of a heat transfer fluid or by a electric heating, for example by induction.

Ces moyens de chauffage 14 permettent de réaliser une cuisson de la matière à une température comprise entre 90 et 150°C.These heating means 14 make it possible to bake the material at a temperature between 90 and 150 ° C.

Dans la zone A3 de pressage et de filtration, les vis 10a et 10b sont munies de filets 22 à pas serré afin de réaliser un pressage de la matière pour récupérer le liquide contenu dans cette matière.In the A3 area of pressing and filtration, the screws 10a and 10b are provided with threads 22 with tight pitch in order to press the material to recover the liquid in this material.

A cet effet, le fourreau 12 est muni d'une surface filtrante formée de trous 15 répartis sur une portion de la périphérie dudit fourreau 12, canne représenté à la Fig. 3.For this purpose, the sleeve 12 is provided with a filtering surface formed by holes 15 distributed over a portion of the periphery of said sheath 12, rod shown in Fig. 3.

Dans la zone A4 de compression et de cisaillement de la matière, les vis 10a et 10b sont munies de contre-filets 23, c'est à dire de filets à pas inversé qui comportent des ouvertures 24 s'étendant radialement depuis l'axe de la vis jusqu'à la périphérie du filet et régulièrement réparties autour de l'axe.In the area of compression and shear A4 of the material, the screws 10a and 10b are provided of counter threads 23, i.e. of threads with inverted pitch which have radially extending openings 24 from the axis of the screw to the periphery of the thread and regularly distributed around the axis.

De la sorte, on contrôle le passage d'un débit contrôlé de matière vers l'aval ce qui détermine un freinage au niveau de la zone A4 et, de ce fait une compression dans la partie amont de la machine d'extrusion.In this way, we control the passage of a Controlled material flow downstream which determines braking at the level of zone A4 and, as a result, compression in the upstream part of the extrusion machine.

Il en résulte un effet de malaxage et de cisaillement intense de la matière.This results in a kneading effect and intense shearing of the material.

Enfin, dans la zone A5, les vis 10a et 10b sont munies de filets 25 à pas serré et de contre-filets 26, c'est à dire de filets à pas inversé comportant des ouvertures 27 s'étendant radialement depuis l'axe de la vis jusqu'à la périphérie du filet et réparties régulièrement autour de l'axe.Finally, in zone A5, screws 10a and 10b are fitted with 25 threads with tight pitch and counter threads 26, that is to say reverse pitch threads comprising openings 27 extending radially from the axis of the screws to the periphery of the thread and evenly distributed around the axis.

Dans cette zone A5, le fourreau 12 est pourvu de moyens de chauffage 16 constitués par un circuit de circulation d'un fluide caloporteur ou par un organe de chauffage électrique, par exemple par induction.In this zone A5, the sheath 12 is provided heating means 16 constituted by a circuit circulation of a heat transfer fluid or by a electric heating, for example by induction.

Ces moyens de chauffage 16 permettent, dans la zone A5, de réaliser une cuisson de la matière à une température comprise entre 90 et 150°C.These heating means 16 allow, in zone A5, to cook the material at a temperature between 90 and 150 ° C.

Comme représenté sur les figures, la seconde partie B de la machine d'extrusion 1 est formée de deux mono-vis co-rotatives, respectivement 30a et 30b, portées par des axes parallèles, respectivement 31a et 31b, solidaires des axes 11a et 11b des vis 10a et 10b de la première partie A de la machine d'extrusion 1.As shown in the figures, the second part B of the extrusion machine 1 is formed of two co-rotating single screws, respectively 30a and 30b, carried by parallel axes, respectively 31a and 31b, integral with the axes 11a and 11b of the screws 10a and 10b of the first part A of the extrusion machine 1.

Les vis 30a et 30b sont entraínées en rotation à l'intérieur d'un second fourreau allongé 40 muni d'alésages, respectivement 40a et 40b, pour chacune des vis 30a et 30b.The screws 30a and 30b are driven in rotation inside a second elongated sheath 40 with bores, 40a and 40b respectively, for each screws 30a and 30b.

Ces alésages 40a et 40b sont indépendants et communiquent entre eux par une lumière 32 permettant un passage de la matière entre les deux alésages 40a et 40b du fourreau 40.These bores 40a and 40b are independent and communicate with each other by a light 32 allowing a passage of the material between the two bores 40a and 40b sheath 40.

Dans la seconde partie B de la machine d'extrusion 1, les vis 30a et 30b déterminent au moins une zone B1 et B2 de pressage et de filtration pour récupérer le liquide de la matière sortant de la première partie A de latte machine d'extrusion 1.In the second part B of the machine extrusion 1, the screws 30a and 30b determine at least a pressing and filtration zone B1 and B2 for recover the liquid from the material coming out of the first part A of the extrusion machine slat 1.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, cette zone est formée d'une première zone B1 dans laquelle les vis 30a et 30b sont munies de filets 33 à pas large et d'une zone B2 dans laquelle les vis 30a et 30b sont munies de filets 34 à pas serre.In the embodiment shown on Figures 1 and 2, this area is formed by a first zone B1 in which the screws 30a and 30b are provided with nets 33 with wide pitch and a zone B2 in which the screws 30a and 30b are provided with threads 34 with a tight pitch.

Ainsi, dans les zones B1 et B2 de pressage et de filtration chaque mono-vis 30a et 30b présence un taux de compression inférieur à 8 et de préférence compris entre 1,1 et 4.Thus, in areas B1 and B2 of pressing and filtration each single screw 30a and 30b presence a rate compression less than 8 and preferably included between 1.1 and 4.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation représenté sur les Figs. 1 et 2, dans les zones B1 et B2 de pressage et de filtration, le pas des mono-vis 30a et 30b se resserre dans le sens d'écoulement de la matière et le diamètre de l'axe 31a et 31b de chacune desdites mono-vis est constant.According to a first embodiment shown in Figs. 1 and 2, in zones B1 and B2 of pressing and filtration, the pitch of single screws 30a and 30b tightens in the direction of flow of the material and the diameter of the axis 31a and 31b of each of said single-screws is constant.

Selon une variante, dans les zones B1 et B2 de pressage et de filtration, le pas des mono-vis 30a et 30b est constant tandis que le diamètre de l'axe 31a et 31b de chacune desdites mono-vis augmente dans le sens d'écoulement de la matière.According to a variant, in zones B1 and B2 pressing and filtration, the pitch of the single screws 30a and 30b is constant while the diameter of the axis 31a and 31b of each of said single-screw increases in the direction of material flow.

Dans cette zone, le second fourreau 40 comporte une surface filtrante formée de trous 41 répartis sur une portion de la périphérie dudit fourreau 40.In this zone, the second sheath 40 has a filtering surface formed of holes 41 distributed over a portion of the periphery of said sheath 40.

De préférence, la zone de pressage et de filtration comporte une première série de trous 41 de diamètre de 0,5mm sur une longueur de 55mm, une deuxième série de trous de diamètre de 0,6mm sur une longueur de 70mm et une troisième série de trous de 41 de diamètre de 0,8mm sur une longueur de 90mm.Preferably, the pressing and filtration comprises a first series of holes 41 of 0.5mm diameter over 55mm length, a second series of 0.6mm diameter holes over a length of 70mm and a third series of holes 41 in diameter 0.8mm over a length of 90mm.

Chacune de ces séries de trous 41 est caractérisée par son pourcentage de transparence.Each of these series of holes 41 is characterized by its percentage of transparency.

Cette transparence est définie comme le rapport de la surface générée par les trous sur la surface totale intérieure d'un alésage.This transparency is defined as the ratio of the area generated by the holes on the total interior area of a bore.

Dans le cas présent, on a une transparence respectivement de 10,7, 7,6 et 9% pour un diamètre d'alésage de 45,5mm.In this case, we have transparency 10.7, 7.6 and 9% respectively for a diameter 45.5mm bore.

Enfin, la troisième partie C de la machine d'extrusion 1 détermine une zone C1 de compression et d'extrusion du résidu sec de ladite matière.Finally, the third part C of the machine extrusion 1 determines a compression zone C1 and extruding the dry residue of said material.

Cette zone C1 est formée par une filière 50 qui comporte un insert 51 coopérant avec la pointe de chaque mono-vis 30a et 30b et déterminant un entrefer 52 et un canal de sortie 53 du résidu sec.This zone C1 is formed by a die 50 which includes an insert 51 cooperating with the tip of each single screw 30a and 30b and determining an air gap 52 and an outlet channel 53 of the dry residue.

L'entrefer 52 est réglable par l'insert 51 qui est monté déplaçable longitudinalement par des moyens appropriés, non représentés.The air gap 52 is adjustable by the insert 51 which is mounted movable longitudinally by means appropriate, not shown.

Dans la première partie A de la machine d'extrusion 1, on effectue :

  • un premier malaxage et une première cuisson de la matière,
  • au moins un pressage et une filtration de la matière pour récupérer une partie du liquide contenu dans ladite matière,
  • au moins une compression et un cisaillement de la matière,
  • et un deuxième malaxage et une deuxième cuisson de cette matière.
In the first part A of the extrusion machine 1, we carry out:
  • a first mixing and a first cooking of the material,
  • at least one pressing and one filtration of the material to recover part of the liquid contained in said material,
  • at least compression and shearing of the material,
  • and a second mixing and a second cooking of this material.

Dans la seconde partie B de la machine d'extrusion 1, on effectue au moins un pressage et une filtration pour récupérer le liquide encore contenu dans la matière sortant de la première partie A et dans la troisième partie C de ladite machine d'extrusion 1, on comprime et on extrude le résidu sec de la matière.In the second part B of the machine extrusion 1, at least one pressing and one filtration to recover the liquid still contained in the material coming out of the first part A and in the third part C of said extrusion machine 1, we compresses and the dry residue of the material is extruded.

La teneur en liquide résiduel dans le résidu sec sortant de la machine d'extrusion est inférieure à 15%.The residual liquid content in the residue dry coming out of the extrusion machine is less than 15%.

Les paramètres opératoires de mise en oeuvre de la machine d'extrusion 1 selon l'invention varient en fonction du type de la matière.The operational parameters of implementation of the extrusion machine 1 according to the invention vary in depending on the type of material.

Ces paramètres déterminent l'efficacité de la séparation solide/liquide, c'est à dire l'efficacité de l'extraction du liquide.These parameters determine the effectiveness of the solid / liquid separation, i.e. the efficiency of liquid extraction.

Comme paramètre, on peut retenir le débit d'alimentation de la matière, la configuration des vis, la vitesse de rotation des vis, la configuration de la filière, les surfaces filtrantes ménagées dans les fourreaux et la température des moyens de chauffage.As a parameter, the flow rate can be used material supply, screw configuration, the speed of rotation of the screws, the configuration of the the filtering surfaces provided in the sheaths and the temperature of the heating means.

le débit d'alimentation de la matière influe sur le taux de remplissage des vis et ce débit est contrôlé, par exemple, par le doseur 5 pondérale ou volumétrique.the material feed rate influences on the filling rate of the screws and this flow is controlled, for example, by the weight metering device 5 or volumetric.

Par ailleurs, la configuration des vis détermine l'état de transformation de la matière et par conséquent les caractéristiques physiques et physico-chimiques du produit au cours des différentes phases de traitement.In addition, the configuration of the screws determines the state of transformation of the material and by therefore the physical and physico-chemical characteristics of the product during the different phases of treatment.

En particulier dans les zones de pressage et de filtration, la configuration des mono-vis influe sur la dynamique de pressage et sur le taux de compression.Particularly in the pressing and of filtration, the configuration of the single-screw influences the dynamics of pressing and the compression ratio.

Ainsi, avec la rotation des vis, la configuration de ces vis fixe le taux de pressage qui est égal au rapport de la quantité de matière à presser contenue dans un pas de vis sur le temps nécessaire pour effectuer une rotation complète de ce pas.So with the rotation of the screws, the configuration of these screws fixes the pressing rate which is equal to the ratio of the quantity of material to be pressed contained in a thread on the time needed to perform a complete rotation of this step.

La vitesse de rotation des vis détermine pour un débit donné, le temps de séjour de la matière au sein de la zone considérée qui contribue au conditionnement de cette matière à l'entrée de la zone de pressage et de filtration.The screw rotation speed determines for a given flow rate, the residence time of the material within of the area considered which contributes to conditioning of this material at the entrance to the pressing zone and filtration.

D'autre part, la configuration de la filière se transcrit par trois éléments, l'entrefer, l'insert et la conicité des pointes des mono-vis.On the other hand, the configuration of the sector is transcribed by three elements, the air gap, the insert and the taper of the points of the single-screws.

L'entrefer permet de créer une retenue de matière plus ou moins importante au niveau de la filière.The air gap makes it possible to create a more or less important material at the level of the sector.

L'entrefer agit donc sur le temps de séjour de la matière et l'insert permet de recréer une retenue de matière en aval de cet entrefer.The air gap therefore acts on the residence time of material and the insert allows to recreate a retainer of material downstream of this air gap.

Pour modifier l'écoulement de la matière à la sortie de la filière, il est possible de faire varier la conicité des pointes des mono-vis, le diamètre et/ou la longueur du canal d'évacuation de l'insert.To change the flow of material at the leaving the sector, it is possible to vary the taper of the points of the single-screws, the diameter and / or the length of the discharge channel of the insert.

Cet élément permet donc d'agir sur le temps de séjour de la matière, mais aussi sur le temps de pressage de cette matière au sein de l'entrefer et sur son degré d'écrasement.This element therefore makes it possible to act over time of the material, but also on the time of pressing of this material within the air gap and on its degree of crushing.

La conicité des pointes des mono-vis permet de modifier l'écoulement dans l'entrefer et de modifier la pression dans la filière.The taper of the points of the single-screw allows to modify the flow in the air gap and to modify the pressure in the die.

La zone de pressage et de filtration, par ses caractéristiques géométriques, influe sur les quantités de liquide extrait et sur la teneur en liquide du résidu sec en sortie de la machine d'extrusion.The pressing and filtration zone, by its geometric characteristics, influences the quantities of liquid extracted and on the liquid content of the residue dry at the outlet of the extrusion machine.

La température des moyens de chauffage permet de réguler les pertes thermiques ou de chauffer la matière entraínant aussi une modification de l'écoulement au sein de la machine d'extrusion, ainsi qu'au sein de la filière.The temperature of the heating means allows regulate heat losses or heat the material also causing a change in flow within the extrusion machine, as well as within the sector.

Différents essais ont été réalisés avec une installation selon l'invention et les résultats de ces essais sont indiqués ci-dessous, à titre illustratif et nullement limitatif.Various tests have been carried out with a installation according to the invention and the results of these tests are indicated below, by way of illustration and in no way limitative.

Exemple 1. Example 1 .

Des essais ont été réalisés sur des graines de colza et des amandes pures de colza 00.Tests have been carried out on seeds rapeseed and pure rapeseed almonds 00.

La machine d'extrusion présente la configuration suivante, pour un diamètre d'alésage de 55,5mm dans la première partie A munie de vis co-rotatives et co-pénétrantes et un diamètre d'alésage de 45,5mm dans la deuxième partie B munie de mono-vis. PARTIE A PARTIE B ZONES A1-A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 LONGUEUR DES VIS 600 100 100 50 50 100 250 PAS DES VIS 50 35 CF 25 CF 35 25 The extrusion machine has the following configuration, for a bore diameter of 55.5mm in the first part A provided with co-rotating and co-penetrating screws and a bore diameter of 45.5mm in the second part B fitted with single screw. PART A PART B ZONES A1-A2 A3 A4 AT 5 B1 B2 LENGTH OF SCREWS 600 100 100 50 50 100 250 NOT SCREWS 50 35 CF 25 CF 35 25

Les paramètres opératoires sont les suivants:

  • débit d'alimentation : 70 kg/h
  • vitesse de rotation des vis : 35 tr/mn
  • entrefer : 1,2mm
  • dimensions de l'insert :
    • diamètre du canal d'évacuation : 16mm
    • longueur du canal d'évacuation : 6mm
  • conicité des pointes des mono-vis : 120°
  • température des moyens de chauffage:150°C
  • pas des contre-filets (CF) : 15mm
  • les puissances mécaniques et thermiques consommées sont chacune d'environ 25kW/t.
The operating parameters are as follows:
  • feed rate: 70 kg / h
  • screw rotation speed: 35 rpm
  • air gap: 1.2mm
  • insert dimensions:
    • discharge channel diameter: 16mm
    • length of the drainage channel: 6mm
  • taper of single-screw tips: 120 °
  • temperature of the heating means: 150 ° C
  • no counter threads (CF): 15mm
  • the mechanical and thermal powers consumed are each around 25kW / t.

Les rendements d'extraction se situent entre 81 et 85%.Extraction yields are between 81 and 85%.

La teneur en matière sèche dans l'huile recueillie est inférieure à 10%.The dry matter content in the oil collected is less than 10%.

La teneur en huile résiduelle dans le tourteau est d'environ 12%.The residual oil content in the meal is around 12%.

Exemple 2.Example 2.

Des essais ont été réalisés sur des graines de tournesol alimentaire. Tests have been carried out on seeds food sunflower.

La machine d'extrusion présente la configuration indiquée dans le tableau ci-dessous pour un diamètre d'alésage de 55,5mm dans la zone A avec des vis co-rotatives et co-pénétrantes et un diamètre d'alésage de 45,5mm dans la partie B avec des mono-vis. PARTIE A PARTIE B ZONES A1-A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 LONGUEUR DES VIS 600 100 50 50 50 100 250 PAS DES VIS 50 35 CF 25 CF 35 25 The extrusion machine has the configuration indicated in the table below for a bore diameter of 55.5mm in zone A with co-rotating and co-penetrating screws and a bore diameter of 45.5mm in part B with single screws. PART A PART B ZONES A1-A2 A3 A4 AT 5 B1 B2 LENGTH OF SCREWS 600 100 50 50 50 100 250 NOT SCREWS 50 35 CF 25 CF 35 25

Les paramètres opératoires sont les suivants:

  • débit d'alimentation : 70kg/h
  • vitesse de rotation des vis : 40tr/mn
  • entrefer : 1,1mm
  • dimensions de la l'insert :
    • diamètre du canal d'évacuation : 6mm
    • longueur du canal d'évacuation : 6mm
  • conicité des pointes des mono-vis : 120°
  • température des moyens de chauffage:120°C
  • les puissances mécaniques et thermiques consommées sont respectivement de 5kW/t et 20kW/t.
The operating parameters are as follows:
  • feed rate: 70kg / h
  • screw rotation speed: 40rpm
  • air gap: 1.1mm
  • dimensions of the insert:
    • diameter of the drainage channel: 6mm
    • length of the drainage channel: 6mm
  • taper of single-screw tips: 120 °
  • temperature of the heating means: 120 ° C
  • the mechanical and thermal powers consumed are respectively 5kW / t and 20kW / t.

Les rendements d'extraction se situent entre 85 et 90%.Extraction yields are between 85 and 90%.

La teneur en matière sèche dans l'huile recueillie est inférieure à 10%.The dry matter content in the oil collected is less than 10%.

La teneur en huile résiduelle dans le tourteau est d'environ 15%.The residual oil content in the meal is around 15%.

Exemple 3Example 3

Des essais d'extraction ont été réalisés sur des grains de ricin décortiqués.Extraction tests were carried out on peeled castor beans.

La machine d'extrusion présente la configuration indiquée dans le tableau ci-dessous, les autres paramètres étant identiques à ceux de l'exemple 1. PARTIE A PARTIE B ZONES A1-A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 LONGUEUR DES VIS 600 100 50 150 100 250 PAS DES VIS 50 35 CF 25 35 25 The extrusion machine has the configuration indicated in the table below, the other parameters being identical to those of Example 1. PART A PART B ZONES A1-A2 A3 A4 AT 5 B1 B2 LENGTH OF SCREWS 600 100 50 150 100 250 NOT SCREWS 50 35 CF 25 35 25

Les paramètres opératoires sont les suivants:

  • débit d'alimentation 15kg/h
  • vitesse de rotation des vis 30tr/mn
  • entrefer : 1mm
  • dimensions de l'insert :
    • diamètre du canal d'évacuation : 1mm
    • longueur du canal d'évacuation : 6mm
  • conicité des pointes des mono-vis : 60°
  • température des moyens de chauffage : 90°C
  • les puissances mécaniques et thermiques consommées sont respectivement d'environ 35kW/t et 15kW/t.
The operating parameters are as follows:
  • feed rate 15kg / h
  • screw rotation speed 30 rpm
  • air gap: 1mm
  • insert dimensions:
    • diameter of the drainage channel: 1mm
    • length of the drainage channel: 6mm
  • taper of single-screw tips: 60 °
  • temperature of the heating means: 90 ° C
  • the mechanical and thermal powers consumed are approximately 35kW / t and 15kW / t respectively.

Les rendements d'extraction se situent entre 85 et 90%.Extraction yields are between 85 and 90%.

La teneur en matière sèche dans l'huile recueillie est d'environ 10%.The dry matter content in the oil collected is about 10%.

La teneur en huile résiduelle dans le tourteau est inférieure à 15%.The residual oil content in the meal is less than 15%.

La machine d'extrusion selon l'invention peut comporter des introductions intermédiaires de matière première afin d'introduire de la matière première fraíche, ou des additifs ou des adjuvants, par exemple de l'eau.The extrusion machine according to the invention can include intermediate introductions of material first in order to introduce raw material fresh, or additives or adjuvants, for example some water.

Par ailleurs, la machine d'extrusion selon l'invention peut s'utiliser seule, dans les procédés à pression unique ou en amont d'une unité d'extraction au solvant ou dans les procédés à pré-pression.Furthermore, the extrusion machine according to the invention can be used alone, in the processes single pressure or upstream of an extraction unit at solvent or in pre-pressure processes.

La pression unique peut s'appliquer dans le cas de cultures marginales telles celle du ricin ou celle du lin qui nécessite des capacité de pressage relativement faibles, et pour lesquelles la mise en place d'unité d'extraction au solvant n'est pas toujours souhaitable compte tenu de son coût.Single pressure can be applied in the marginal crops such as castor bean or flax which requires relatively pressing capacity weak, and for which the establishment of unity solvent extraction is not always desirable considering its cost.

Dans ces conditions, cette machine d'extrusion peut être installée en remplacement de l'ensemble des équipements traditionnels soit au sein de petites unités décentralisées, soit au sein de grosses unités de pressage pour un travail spécifique.Under these conditions, this extrusion machine can be installed to replace the assembly traditional equipment either within small decentralized units, either within large units of pressing for a specific job.

En pré-pression, la machine d'extrusion peut être installée au sein de grosses unités de pressage, comme seul équipement, en amont de l'unité d'extraction au solvant.In pre-pressure, the extrusion machine can be installed in large pressing units, as the only equipment, upstream of the extraction unit solvent.

Les essais effectués avec une installation d'extraction selon l'invention sur des graines oléagineuses, sur des algues, sur des agrumes, sur des végétaux montrent que la machine d'extrusion peut être utilisée comme seul outil de pressage, permettant la séparation solide/liquide. Tests carried out with an installation extraction according to the invention on oil seeds, on algae, on citrus, on plants show that the extrusion machine can be used as the only pressing tool, allowing the solid / liquid separation.

La machine d'extrusion selon l'invention offre de multiples avantages.The extrusion machine according to the invention offers multiple benefits.

Parmi ceux-ci on peut citer les économies d'énergie et de matériel, grâce à l'intégration dans une seule machine de plusieurs procédés de transformation thermo-mécaniques.Among these are the savings of energy and material, thanks to the integration in a single machine of several transformation processes thermo-mechanical.

Pour une même capacité d'unités et en remplacement des équipements traditionnels, la machine d'extrusion permet des économies d'énergie consommée allant jusqu'à 50%.For the same capacity of units and in replacement of traditional equipment, the machine extrusion saves energy consumed up to 50%.

Un autre avantage réside dans l'intégration au sein du même équipement des fonctions de malaxage, de broyage, de cuisson et de pressage.Another advantage is the integration within the same equipment mixing functions, grinding, cooking and pressing.

Ceci confère à la machine d'extrusion une simplicité d'installation et d'exploitation, ce qui permet de réduire les coûts.This gives the extrusion machine a simplicity of installation and operation, which helps reduce costs.

Le pilotage total de la machine d'extrusion peut être manuel ou assisté par ordinateur. Les modifications des paramètres opératoires se font avec des temps de réponse très court.Total control of the extrusion machine can be manual or computer assisted. Modifications operating parameters are made with very short response time.

Ainsi, lors du changement des caractéristiques de la matière première, on peut obtenir très rapidement des performances d'extraction élevées.So when changing the characteristics of the raw material, we can get very quickly high extraction performance.

Bien que très compacte, la machine d'extrusion est un équipement modulable et polyvalent. Elle permet, par un démontage aisé de ses éléments constitutifs, de modifier à volonté la configuration des vis et autres éléments. Ceci permet le traitement de différents types de matières avec des brefs délais de modification de l'équipement et sans que cela n'induise d'investissements très importants, ni de temps d'immobilisation longs.Although very compact, the extrusion machine is modular and versatile equipment. She allows, by an easy dismantling of its constituent elements, to modify the configuration of the screws at will and other items. This allows the treatment of different types of material with short lead times modification of the equipment and without this inducing very large investments, no downtime long.

En ce qui concerne les produits obtenus à la sortie de la machine d'extrusion, c'est à dire le liquide comme de l'huile ou une solution en suspension aqueuse et le solide comme le tourteau, les analyses montrent qu'ils sont de bonne qualité.With regard to the products obtained at the outlet of the extrusion machine, i.e. the liquid such as oil or an aqueous suspension solution and solid like cake, analyzes show that they are of good quality.

Le tourteau est produit sous fonte de pellets et présente une bonne aptitude à la percolation lors d'une éventuelle phase d'extraction au solvant ultérieure.The oil cake is produced by melting pellets and has a good percolation ability during of a possible subsequent solvent extraction phase.

Ainsi, en plus des autres équipements, la machine d'extrusion peut aussi remplacer sur certaines lignes de production l'usage des expandeurs.Thus, in addition to the other equipment, the extrusion machine can also replace on some production lines the use of expanders.

Le tourteau peut être valorisé directement sur le site même de production.The meal can be directly valued on the production site itself.

Claims (12)

  1. Process for continuously extracting a liquid contained in a raw material, such as for example an oil-yielding or oily protein-yielding material,
    characterised in that:
    the raw material is introduced into a first part A of an extruder (1) comprising two co-rotating and co-penetrating screws (10a, 10b) rotationally driven about parallel shafts (11a, 11b) inside a first elongated sleeve (12) provided with secant bores (12a, 12b), and the following steps are carried out:
    a first working and a first cooking of the material,
    at least one pressing and filtration of the material in order to recover some of the liquid contained in said material,
    at least one compression and cutting of the material,
    a second working and a second cooking of the material,
    in a second part B of said extruder (1) comprising two co-rotating mono-screws (30a, 30b) carried by parallel shafts (31a, 31b) integral with the shafts (11a, 11b) of the screws (10a, 10b) of the first part A and rotationally driven inside a second elongated sleeve (40) provided with independent bores (40a, 40b) and communicating with one another through a port (32), at least one pressing and one filtration are carried out in order to recover the liquid from the material leaving the first part A of the extruder (1),
    and in a third part C of said extruder (1) the dry residue of the material is compressed and extruded.
  2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the first and second cooking are carried out at a temperature of between 90 and 150°C.
  3. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the residual liquid content in the dry residue leaving the extruder (1) is less than 15%.
  4. Apparatus for continuously extracting a liquid contained in a raw material, for implementing the process according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
    characterised in that it comprises an extruder (1) having:
    a first part A formed by two co-rotating and co-penetrating screws (10a, 10b) rotationally driven about parallel shafts (11a, 11b) inside a first elongated sleeve (12) provided with secant bores (12a, 12b) and defining:
    a zone A1 for introducing and transporting the material,
    a first zone A2 for working and cooking the material,
    at least one pressing and filtering zone A3 for recovering some of the liquid contained in said material,
    at least one zone A4 for compressing and cutting the material,
    a zone A5 for working and cooking the material,
    a second part B formed by two co-rotating mono-screws (30a, 30b) carried by parallel shafts (31a, 31b) integral with the shafts (11a, 11b) of the screws (10a, 10b) of the first part A and rotationally driven inside a second elongated sleeve (40) provided with independent bores (40a, 40b) and communicating with one another through a port (32) and defining at least one pressing and filtering zone B1 and B2 in order to recover the liquid from the material leaving the first part A of the extruder (1),
    and a third part C defining a zone C1 for compressing and extruding the dry residue of said material.
  5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterised in that the screws (10a, 10b) of the first part A have a variable pitch in the transporting, working and cooking and pressing and filtering zones.
  6. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterised in that the first sleeve (12) comprises, in said pressing and filtering zone, a filtering surface formed by holes (15) distributed over part of the periphery of said sleeve (12).
  7. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterised in that each mono-screw (30a, 30b) has a compression level of less than 8 and preferably between 1.1 and 4, in the pressing and filtering zone of the second part B.
  8. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 7, characterised in that, in the pressing and filtering zone of the second part B, the pitch of the mono-screws (30a, 30b) is constant and the diameter of the shaft (31a, 31b) of each of said mono-screws (30a, 30b) increases in the direction of flow of the material.
  9. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 7, characterised in that, in the pressing and filtering zone of the second part B, the pitch of the mono-screws (30a, 30b) becomes progressively tighter in the direction of flow of the material and the diameter of the axis (31a, 31b) of each of said mono-screws (30a, 30b) is constant.
  10. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterised in that the second sleeve (40) comprises, in said pressing and filtering zone, a filtering surface formed by holes (41) distributed over part of the periphery of said sleeve.
  11. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterised in that the filtering surface has a transparency of between 3 and 50% and preferably between 5 and 20%.
  12. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterised in that the compression and extrusion zone of the third part C is formed by a die (50) comprising at least one longitudinally movable insert (51) and defining, with the end of each mono-screw (30a, 30b), a regulatable gap (52).
EP97920779A 1996-05-14 1997-04-17 Method and installation for continuous extraction of a liquid contained in a raw material Expired - Lifetime EP0914243B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9606006 1996-05-14
FR9606006A FR2748685B1 (en) 1996-05-14 1996-05-14 METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR CONTINUOUS EXTRACTION OF A LIQUID CONTAINED IN A RAW MATERIAL
PCT/FR1997/000696 WO1997043113A1 (en) 1996-05-14 1997-04-17 Method and installation for continuous extraction of a liquid contained in a raw material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0914243A1 EP0914243A1 (en) 1999-05-12
EP0914243B1 true EP0914243B1 (en) 2000-01-12

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EP97920779A Expired - Lifetime EP0914243B1 (en) 1996-05-14 1997-04-17 Method and installation for continuous extraction of a liquid contained in a raw material

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EP (1) EP0914243B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE188645T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69701151T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2748685B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1997043113A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19706803C2 (en) * 1997-02-21 2000-03-02 Klaus Buttchereit Device for using a large grinder for mechanical dry extraction and shredding of organic raw materials
NL1007588C2 (en) * 1997-11-20 1999-05-25 Inst Voor Agrotech Onderzoek Method for extracting a substance from a starting material as well as an extraction device for carrying out the method.
US6076279A (en) * 1998-01-09 2000-06-20 Finbark Oy Method and a device for improving liquid removal
FR2780410B1 (en) * 1998-06-25 2000-09-15 Toulousaine De Rech Et De Dev PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SEEDS
FR2791601B1 (en) * 1999-03-31 2001-06-01 Philippe Guyomard PROCESS AND PLANT FOR EXTRACTING A LIQUID CONTAINED IN A RAW MATERIAL
ITMO20060207A1 (en) 2006-06-27 2007-12-28 Wam Spa AUGER TO BE USED FOR CONVEYORS, COMPACTORS AND THE LIKE.
FR2923587B1 (en) * 2007-11-12 2017-10-20 Ecole Nat Superieure Des Techniques Ind Et Des Mines D'albi Carmaux THERMALLY ASSISTED MECHANICAL DEHYDRATION METHOD
CN101879788A (en) * 2010-03-26 2010-11-10 何学文 Mud-water separator
FR3052064B1 (en) * 2016-06-01 2020-01-24 Sirius PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A STABLE EMULSION FROM WHOLE OLE PROTEIN SEEDS, THE EMULSION OBTAINED AND THE COSMETIC COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING SAID EMULSION

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH662531A5 (en) * 1983-09-30 1987-10-15 Netstal Ag Maschf Giesserei SCREW PLASTIFICATION AND CONVEYING DEVICE OF A PLASTIC INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE.
JPS6083799A (en) * 1983-10-17 1985-05-13 Mitsubishi Kakoki Kaisha Ltd Compressive extractor
FR2566700B1 (en) * 1984-06-27 1987-01-23 Clextral PROCESS FOR TREATING MATERIAL BY EXTRUSION AND MULTIPLE SCREW MACHINE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD
CN86102620A (en) * 1985-04-17 1986-11-05 克莱克斯特拉尔 Extract the equipment and the working method of animal tallow
FR2601380B1 (en) * 1986-07-08 1989-08-18 Clextral PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR THE CONTINUOUS MANUFACTURE OF MIXED FUELS BASED ON ORGANIC MATERIALS AND HYDROCARBON MATERIALS
JP2764068B2 (en) * 1988-11-30 1998-06-11 株式会社スエヒロイー・ピー・エム Twin-screw extrusion and squeezing machine
JP2733689B2 (en) * 1989-05-09 1998-03-30 東芝機械株式会社 Stable extrusion equipment of vent type extruder

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2748685A1 (en) 1997-11-21
WO1997043113A1 (en) 1997-11-20
ATE188645T1 (en) 2000-01-15
DE69701151T2 (en) 2000-05-25
DE69701151D1 (en) 2000-02-17
FR2748685B1 (en) 1998-08-14
EP0914243A1 (en) 1999-05-12

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