JPS6083799A - Compressive extractor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the recovery rate of effective components in the stage of recovering the effective components from vegetable seeds, etc. by compression and extraction by using a twin- screw extruder in the stage for compression and extraction. CONSTITUTION:A twin-screw extruder supporting pivotally in parallel screws 2, 2' which rotate in the same direction, have the same screw threads intermeshed with each other in a meshing part 12 in a casing 1 having a spectacle-shaped cavity in section is used. A raw material F such as rapeseed or the like is subjected to a pretreatment such as primary crushing, heat treatment or the like and is then fed through a feed port 3 into said extruder where the material is moved in the downstream direction of a compressive region 5 by the effect of the screws 2, 2'. Since there is less gap for passing of the raw material in the part 12, the raw material is compressed and expanded respectively in the upperstream and downstream parts 13, 13' and 14 and 14' thereof and as a result of repetition of such compression and expansion the raw material receives further the shearing effect of the part 12 and the mixing effect during movement. The fats and oils in the raw materials are then efficiently squeezed out and flow out through an outlet. The raw material is then mixed with an extracting reagent S, for example, CO2 in a supercritical state, by which the raw material is subjected to the effect similar to the effect mentioned above and is acceleratively dissolved. The raw material is squeezed out in a compressive region 9.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to an apparatus for recovering active ingredients from plant seeds etc. by squeezing and extraction.

Prior art) Methods for extracting vegetable oil from plant seeds such as soybeans, cottonseeds, copra, corn, peanuts, etc. include a) compression method;
0) Solvent extraction method and 3) Pressure oil method, which is a combination of both, are known. Among these, the pressing method (a) involves removing impurities from the raw material seeds, crushing them, applying a series of pre-treatments such as heat treatment, and then extracting fats and oils using mechanical force such as a screw press or filter press. It has been used for the longest time. However, since it has the disadvantage of low oil extraction rate, it is currently only used for extracting sesame oil and rapeseed oil as a processing method for high oil-containing raw materials.

The solvent extraction method (1) uses the dissolving power of oils and fats such as n-hexane, and after performing roughly the same pretreatment as the pressing method, the raw material is further passed through a pressure roll to form flakes, and then processed into a basket with a number of subsequent parts. is fed to an extractor consisting of
The raw materials in the basket are successively brought into contact with fresh solvent in countercurrent flow to extract the fats and oils in the raw materials. The solvent (micellar) containing fats and oils is separated from the fats and oils by a distillation operation and recycled to the extractor. Because of its high oil extraction rate, it is suitable for producing soybean, corn, and rice bran oils with low oil and fat content, and is particularly famous as a method for producing soybean oil.

The oil pressing method (c) is a combination of the above-mentioned characteristics of the pressing method and the extraction method. First, most of the oils and fats in the raw material are extracted by the pressing method, and then the raw material with a low oil content is extracted using the solvent extraction method. This is a method to collect remaining fats and oils. Since this method is the most economical, it is widely used in the production of many vegetable oils.

Purpose of the Invention) The present invention provides a new and more advanced press extraction device that takes advantage of the characteristics of the pressure oil method, and is capable of not only recovering oils and fats from plant seeds, but also extracting caffeine from coffee beans, etc. The device is also suitable for recovering a wide range of other active ingredients. The most distinctive feature of the present invention is that a twin-screw extruder is used in the compression and extraction steps. Conventionally, twin-screw extruders have been mainly used for plastic molding, confectionery manufacturing, etc., but in the present invention, we focused on the excellent characteristics of this twin-screw extruder and developed a new method. This device has been developed and has particularly remarkable effects not found in conventional devices.

The twin-screw extruder referred to in the present invention is a hollow casing with an eye-shaped cross section, in which two long screws rotating in the same direction are supported in parallel, and the screws have threaded grooves. This means that the threads mesh with each other and their thread pitches differ sequentially. When raw materials are processed using an extruder with such a structure, complex effects such as compression, expansion, mixing, and shearing occur on the object to be processed. Effects not seen with conventional devices can be obtained in terms of the recovery of effective ingredients in plant seeds, especially in terms of the effect on raw materials.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS (Structure of the Invention) Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in further detail based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the squeeze extraction device according to the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1.

In the figure, 1 is a vertically elongated casing with an eye-shaped cavity in cross section, and 2.2 is a vertically long casing that is supported in parallel in the casing 1 and has the same threaded groove. The helical grooves engage with each other as shown, and the pitch of the helical grooves varies sequentially in the axial direction, and generally becomes narrower on the downstream side in the direction of movement of the raw material. These two
The book screws 2.2' are driven in the same direction and at the same rotational speed by an electric motor, not shown. 3 is a supply port for the raw material F provided at the most upstream end of the casing 1, and 4 is a squeezed liquid outlet provided on the lower side of the casing 1 between the compression zone j and the extraction zone dan.

7 is an extractant inlet provided at the most upstream part of the extraction zone 1, 8 is a first extractant outlet provided at the lower side of the casing 1 at the most downstream part of the extraction zone 1, and 10 is the terminal end of the second compression zone 1. 1 is a second extraction agent outlet provided on the lower side of the casing 1; 11 is a discharge port for extraction dregs provided on the downstream end face of the casing 1; The step is a separation step between the extraction agent and the target component, and for example, in the case of extraction of oil 11 et with n-hexane, this corresponds to a distillation step.

Operation) An example of extracting fats and oils in plant seeds using normal hexane as an extraction agent in the apparatus configured as described above will be described.

The raw material seeds F, such as rapeseed, are subjected to pre-treatment such as coarse crushing and heat treatment in the same manner as in the conventional method, and then fed into the raw material supply port 3 by means of a conveyor or the like (not shown). The raw material F is moved in the downstream direction between the compression zones by the action of the screw grooves of the screws 2 and 21, but at this time, there are few gaps for the raw material to pass through at the meshing part 12 of the screw grooves of the two screws. In the upstream part 13.13', the pressure builds up due to the accumulation of raw material, which compresses the raw material with a considerable force, and the downstream part 14.12 of the meshing part 12 conversely expands because the movement of the raw material is promoted. Through this repetition of compression and expansion, the shearing action of the meshing parts, and the mixing action during movement, most of the oil and fat in the raw material seeds is efficiently squeezed out and flows out from the squeezed liquid outlet 4. Next, the raw material containing residual oil is transferred to the extraction zone, where the raw material seeds are mixed with an extractant S, such as n-hexane, supplied from the extractant-containing lower, and compressed in the same manner as in the above-mentioned compression zone. Frequently subjected to the swelling action, the dissolution of the fats and oils in the raw seeds into the extractant is promoted.

The extractant containing a considerable amount of oil and fat flows out from the first extractant outlet 8 provided at the most downstream part of the extraction zone and is transferred to the separation process. On the other hand, the raw material containing the extracting agent leaving the extraction zone 6 enters the second compression zone and passes through the screw 2 in the same way as the first compression zone j.
．． 2", the extractant which has dissolved 1ffl of oil and fat is squeezed out from the raw material seeds, flows out through the second extractor outlet 10, and is transferred to the separation process.

The extracted dregs W from which the oil and fat content has been extracted is transferred to a conveyor or the like through the discharge port 11 on the most downstream end face of the casing 1. In the separation process, normal hexane, which is an extractant containing fats and oils, is separated from fats and oils P, which are the target substances, in a distillation tower using the difference in boiling point, and is returned to the extraction zone 5 as a new extractant S, and is recycled and used. Ru.

In the second embodiment, a case was explained in which oils and fats in plant seeds were extracted with n-hexane as an extractant, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, carbonic acid in a supercritical state can be used as an extractant. It is also suitable for extracting active ingredients such as oils and fats, caffeine, and vitamins from plant seeds using gas or the like. Carbon dioxide gas has properties such as being non-flammable, harmless to humans and animals, and easily separated from fats and oils, and its use has the advantage of producing high-quality fats and oils with few impurities. However, since carbon dioxide gas in a supercritical state has a high pressure, it goes without saying that special means such as a raw material supply method or a separate compression area are required.

In addition, in the case of extracting caffeine from coffee beans, the compression zone 1 becomes a preliminary crushing zone, and the squeezed liquid output unit 4 becomes unnecessary.

Effects of the Invention) When the apparatus of the present invention is used, the following effects not found in conventional methods can be obtained.

b) The recovery rate of the active ingredients of plant seeds is improved due to the special action of the twin-screw extruder.

Mouth) Squeezing and extraction can be done with one extruder, so it is economical in terms of equipment costs and utility costs.

c) Several types of raw materials can be processed with one extruder by adjusting the screw thread pitch and rotation speed, etc.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a squeeze extraction device showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 8-A in FIG. Screw, 3: Raw material supply port, 4: Squeezed liquid outlet, 1: Squeezing area, 3: Extraction area, 7:
Extraction agent inlet, 8: first oil agent outlet, 9. : 2nd compression area, 10
: 2nd extraction agent outlet, 11: Discharge port, 12: Engagement part, 1
3, I: Upstream part, 14.141: Downstream part, 15; Separation step, F! Raw material, S: extractant, W: extractant, P-target substance. Applicant: Mitsubishi Kakoki Co., Ltd. Procedural Amendment November 29, 1980 Commissioner of the Patent Office Hit 1. Indication of the case 1982 Patent Application No. 192638 2. Name of the invention Squeezing and extraction device 3. +11 Relationship with the case of those who make corrections: Special E Applicant address: 2-6-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Name: Mitsubishi Kakoki Co., Ltd. -51, Representative: Tomibe Umose, Kanshi 4, Amendment order Date spontaneously ?111 correct 5, number of inventions not increased by amendment 6, detailed description of the invention column 7 of subject specification with ?111 correct, content of amendment 1) 5th line from the bottom on page 5 of the specification ``For example, normal hexane'' [For example, carbon dioxide gas j in a supercritical state 2) ``Normal hexane'' in the first line from the top of page 6 of the specification [
3) "Normal hexane" in the 3rd to 2nd line from the bottom of page 6 of the specification
4) "Normal hexane" on the 9th line from the bottom of page 7 of the specification is changed to "carbon dioxide gas in a supercritical state" 5) "Normal hexane" on the 5th line from the bottom of page 7 of the specification "of[
6) On page 7 of the specification, on the third line from the bottom, "carbon dioxide gas in a supercritical state" was corrected to "organic solvent."

Claims (1)

[Claims] A biaxial type in which two long shaft screws that rotate in the same direction, have the same threaded grooves, and whose threaded grooves engage with each other are supported in parallel in a casing that has a cavity with an eye-shaped cross section. In the extruder, the upstream part on the side of the raw material supply port is used as a compression area, an extractant inlet nozzle is provided in the axially intermediate part of the casing, the area after the extractant inlet is used as an extraction area, and the most downstream part of the casing is provided with an extraction agent inlet nozzle. is a press extraction device characterized by being provided with an extraction agent outlet and an extraction dregs discharge port.