EP0913661A2 - Device for protecting moving objects, in particular armoured vehicles, against projectiles - Google Patents

Device for protecting moving objects, in particular armoured vehicles, against projectiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0913661A2
EP0913661A2 EP98119995A EP98119995A EP0913661A2 EP 0913661 A2 EP0913661 A2 EP 0913661A2 EP 98119995 A EP98119995 A EP 98119995A EP 98119995 A EP98119995 A EP 98119995A EP 0913661 A2 EP0913661 A2 EP 0913661A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
image
projectile
image cameras
cameras
distance
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Granted
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EP98119995A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0913661B1 (en
EP0913661A3 (en
Inventor
Luitjen Ennenga
Norbert Börsken
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Atlas Elektronik GmbH
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STN Atlas Elektronik GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/007—Reactive armour; Dynamic armour
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/26—Peepholes; Windows; Loopholes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for protecting mobile objects, especially armored vehicles against projectile impact, in particular the impact of Missiles and / or high-speed projectiles, the genus defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the locating device comprises e.g. one or more Transmitter and a plurality of receivers, each assigned a group of shaped charges to a receiver which are ignited simultaneously as soon as in its Reception sector a floor is located.
  • Such locating devices have the disadvantage that the constant emission of electromagnetic waves mobile object much easier and over a very much greater distance can already be made out, even then when it is not yet graspable by visual means is. With active self-protection, a considerable amount is possible Probability of treason. This could be because of this be circumvented that the self-protection device only then is activated when immediate combat operations are imminent, so that the mobile object is already from opposing forces, but that's it mobile object on the rise or advance completely defenseless against surprise attacks.
  • the invention has for its object a Protective device of the type mentioned above improve that they make no contribution to a facilitated Detection of the mobile object delivers a reliable Ensures self-protection and at low production costs is available.
  • the task is at a facility to protect mobile objects in the preamble of claim 1 Specified genus according to the invention by the features in Characteristic part of claim 1 solved.
  • the protective device according to the invention has the advantage to locate only with passive means, which by opposing forces can not be identified.
  • a approaching projectile becomes after perception or detection very quickly with regard to its position, direction of flight and Airspeed measured so that the projectile in sufficient distance in front of the object not only with Cluster munition but also harmless with a guided missile can be made.
  • the cost of the Protective devices are also kept low by the fact that when using the invention in tanks Image cameras also as an indirect visual aid for the Tank crew (driver, gunner, commander) serve, the direct one for future generation tanks View will be replaced by a view mirror, and therefore do not have to be procured additionally.
  • uncooled thermal imagers as Image cameras are not just reliable detection approaching projectiles even at night and bright Sunlight or in front of little contrast with the floor Background, but is also ensured by the relatively low procurement cost of such uncooled Thermal imaging devices an attractive price for that Protective device achieved.
  • FIG. 1 shows a main battle tank 10 in plan view, who during his deployment of a threat from a Anti-tank guided missile 11 is exposed.
  • the tank is against destruction by this guided missile 11 10 provided with a protective device with their essential components attached to the outside of the main battle tank 10 is what when retrofitting tanks 10 with such a protective device constructive changes to the tank 10 itself does not occur or only to a small extent.
  • the Protective devices also offer protection against others armor-piercing projectiles.
  • An essential part of the protective device is a device for locating approaching projectiles 11, which has a plurality of sensors designed as image cameras 12, which are distributed over the main battle tank 10 in such a way that a closed monitoring screen is stretched around the tank 10 at a distance from the tank 10.
  • three image cameras 12 are arranged on each long side of the tank 10 and two image cameras 12 are arranged on the front and rear side of the main battle tank 10.
  • the viewing angles of the image cameras 12, which are denoted by ⁇ in FIG. 1, and the distance of the image cameras 12 from one another, which is denoted by a in FIG. 1, are coordinated with one another such that the viewing angles ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 of adjacent image cameras 121 , 122 overlap.
  • the overlap area is set so that it lies outside a minimum distance in front of the main battle tank 10, which is necessary for the successful projectile control.
  • Uncooled thermal imaging devices are preferably used as image cameras 12, with which approaching projectiles can be recognized very well, since these differ from the rest of the background in a high contrast because of their great heat.
  • these uncooled thermal imagers have the advantage of being available on the market at very reasonable prices.
  • these uncooled thermal imaging devices are also used as indirect sighting means for the tank crew (driver, gunner, commander) for driving and for near-field reconnaissance, so that due to the dual function of the thermal imaging devices, the production costs for the protective device are lower.
  • the image cameras 12 are assigned an image processing unit which continuously determines the projectile position from the coordinates of the projectile image in the two image planes of adjacent image cameras 121, 122 and the mutual distance a between the image cameras 12 and calculates the projectile speed from the changes in position and the scanning frequency of the image cameras.
  • an image processing unit which continuously determines the projectile position from the coordinates of the projectile image in the two image planes of adjacent image cameras 121, 122 and the mutual distance a between the image cameras 12 and calculates the projectile speed from the changes in position and the scanning frequency of the image cameras.
  • the optical axes are denoted by 131, 132, the image planes by 141, 142, the lens planes by 151, 52 and the focal points of the two image cameras 121, 122 by 161, 162, b 1 and b 2 being the image range of each image camera 121 , 122, 11 is the guided missile and 11 'is the image of the guided missile 11 in the image planes 141, 142 of the image cameras 121, 122.
  • x 1 and x 2 are the respective positions of the illustration 11' of the guided missile 11 on the x coordinate of the image plane 141 and 142.
  • the same representation applies to the y coordinate rotated by 90 ° in the image plane 141, 142 of the two image cameras 121, 122.
  • the bearing angle ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 can be calculated in azimuth to the guided missile 11, and by means of the known distance a between the optical axes 131, 132 of the image cameras 121, 122, the bearing angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 can be calculated distances r 1 and r 2 projected in the azimuth to the storey 11 calculate based on known trigonometric relationships.
  • the projections of the distances to the guided missile 11 in elevation can be calculated with the same values in the y coordinate of the image plane 141 or 142.
  • the distance from each image camera 121, 122 to the guided missile 11 in space is determined from the two distance components in each case, and thus the position of the guided missile 11 in space.
  • the scanning frequencies of the two image cameras 121, 122 are synchronized with one another, so that the new position of the guided missile 11 can be determined with each exposure of the image cameras 121, 122. Due to the changes in position of the guided missile 11, its trajectory and, with the aid of the scanning frequency of the image cameras 121, 122, its flight speed can be determined with high precision.
  • a device for combating the guided missile 11 activates which control agent emits and which Guided missile, so that this still in sufficient distance from the main battle tank 10 by destruction or distraction is rendered harmless.
  • the control device an example of a number of discharge hoppers 17 for Hollow charges or fragmentation ammunition that are placed over the main battle tank 10 are distributed and each have a specific Cover sector. From the locating device is now the discharge funnel 17 is controlled in the combat sector directed the trajectory of the guided missile 11 is. The guided missile 11 penetrates into an area in which the destructive effect of the discharge funnel 17th the amount of ammunition fired is maximum corresponding discharge funnel 17 ignited.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The missile protection device has a number of image cameras (12), acting as sensors, distributed over the surface of the armoured vehicle (10) for detection of an approaching missile and activation of a missile destruction device. The image cameras are spaced so that their image fields overlap, the camera images analysed for calculating the missile position for control of the missile destruction device.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung zum Schutz von mobilen Objekten, insbesondere von gepanzerten Fahrzeugen gegen Geschoßeinwirkung, insbesondere Einwirkung von Flugkörpern und/oder Hochgeschwindigkeitsprojektilen, der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 definierten Gattung.The invention relates to a device for protecting mobile objects, especially armored vehicles against projectile impact, in particular the impact of Missiles and / or high-speed projectiles, the genus defined in the preamble of claim 1.

Die hauptsächlich zur Panzerbekämpfung entwickelten modernen Geschosse, wie Flugkörper und Hochgeschwindigkeitsprojektile, besitzen ein so großes Eindringvermögen in Panzerstahl, daß ein ausreichender Schutz des Panzerinnenraums durch Verstärkung der Panzerung praktisch nicht möglich ist. Man ist daher zu einer sog. aktiven Panzerung übergegangen, indem das anfliegende Geschoß im ausreichenden Abstand vor dem Panzer durch vom Panzer abgeschossene Bekämpfungsmittel zerstört oder zumindest in seiner Wirkung gehemmt wird.The mainly developed for anti-tank combat modern projectiles, such as missiles and High-speed projectiles have such a large one Penetration in armored steel that a sufficient Protection of the tank interior by reinforcing the armor is practically not possible. One is therefore a so-called active armor by the approaching Projectile at a sufficient distance in front of the tank through from Destroyed anti-tank weapons or at least its effect is inhibited.

Bei einer bekannten Einrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zur sog. aktiven Panzerung (DE-PS 977984) werden Vorrichtungen der Funkmeßtechnik angewendet, um ein anfliegendes Geschoß auszusondern, und dem entdeckten Geschoß wird ein mehr oder weniger gerichtetes Bündel von Hohlladungen schräg zur Anflugrichtung entgegengeschickt. Die Ortungsvorrichtung umfaßt z.B. einen oder mehrere Sender und eine Mehrzahl von Empfängern, wobei jeweils einem Empfänger eine Gruppe von Hohlladungen zugeordnet ist, die gleichzeitig gezündet werden, sobald in dessen Empfangssektor ein Geschoß geortet wird.In a known device of the type mentioned for so-called active armor (DE-PS 977984) Devices of radio measurement technology applied to a weed out the approaching projectile and discovered it A more or less directed bundle of Hollow charges sent diagonally to the direction of approach. The locating device comprises e.g. one or more Transmitter and a plurality of receivers, each assigned a group of shaped charges to a receiver which are ignited simultaneously as soon as in its Reception sector a floor is located.

Solche Ortungsvorrichtungen haben den Nachteil, daß durch das ständige Aussenden von elektromagnetischen Wellen das mobile Objekt sehr viel leichter und über eine sehr viel größere Distanz hin bereits ausgemacht werden kann, selbst dann, wenn es durch visuelle Mittel noch nicht erfaßbar ist. Mit dem aktiven Eigenschutz geht damit eine erhebliche Verratswahrscheinlichkeit einher. Dies könnte zwar dadurch umgangen werden, daß die Eigenschutzeinrichtung erst dann aktiviert wird, wenn unmittelbare Kampfhandlungen bevorstehen, so daß das mobile Objekt ohnehin bereits von den gegnerischen Kräften ausgemacht ist, doch ist dann das auf dem Anmarsch oder Vormarsch befindliche mobile Objekt gegen Überraschungsangriffe völlig schutzlos.Such locating devices have the disadvantage that the constant emission of electromagnetic waves mobile object much easier and over a very much greater distance can already be made out, even then when it is not yet graspable by visual means is. With active self-protection, a considerable amount is possible Probability of treason. This could be because of this be circumvented that the self-protection device only then is activated when immediate combat operations are imminent, so that the mobile object is already from opposing forces, but that's it mobile object on the rise or advance completely defenseless against surprise attacks.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Schutzeinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art so zu verbessern, daß sie keinen Beitrag zu einer erleichterten Detektion des mobilen Objekts liefert, einen zuverlässigen Eigenschutz sicherstellt und zu günstigen Gestehungskosten erhältlich ist.The invention has for its object a Protective device of the type mentioned above improve that they make no contribution to a facilitated Detection of the mobile object delivers a reliable Ensures self-protection and at low production costs is available.

Die Aufgabe ist bei einer Einrichtung zum Schutz von mobilen Objekten der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Gattung erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale im Kennzeichenteil des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.The task is at a facility to protect mobile objects in the preamble of claim 1 Specified genus according to the invention by the features in Characteristic part of claim 1 solved.

Die erfindungsgemäße Schutzeinrichtung hat den Vorteil, ausschließlich mit passiven Mitteln zu orten, die von gegnerischen Kräften nicht ausgemacht werden können. Ein anfliegendes Geschoß wird nach Auffassung oder Detektion sehr schnell bzgl. seiner Position, Flugrichtung und Fluggeschwindigkeit vermessen, so daß das Geschoß in ausreichend großem Abstand vor dem Objekt nicht nur mit Streumuniton sondern auch mit Lenkmuniton unschädlich gemacht werden kann. Die Gestehungskosten der Schutzeinrichtung werden auch dadurch gering gehalten, daß bei Anwendung der Erfindung in Panzern die eingesetzten Bildkameras auch als indirekte Sichtmittel für die Panzerbesatzung (Fahrer, Richtschützen, Kommandant) dienen, die bei Panzern der zukünftigen Generation die direkte Sicht durch Ausblickspiegel ersetzen werden, und daher nicht zusätzlich beschafft werden müssen. Bei der bevorzugten Verwendung von ungekühlten Wärmebildgeräten als Bildkameras ist nicht nur eine zuverlässige Detektion anfliegender Geschosse auch bei Nacht und hellem Sonnenlicht oder vor zum Geschoß wenig kontrastreichem Hintergrund sichergestellt, sondern wird auch durch die relativ niedrigen Beschaffungskosten solcher ungekühlter Wärmebildgeräte ein attraktiver Preis für die Schutzeinrichtung erzielt.The protective device according to the invention has the advantage to locate only with passive means, which by opposing forces can not be identified. A approaching projectile becomes after perception or detection very quickly with regard to its position, direction of flight and Airspeed measured so that the projectile in sufficient distance in front of the object not only with Cluster munition but also harmless with a guided missile can be made. The cost of the Protective devices are also kept low by the fact that when using the invention in tanks Image cameras also as an indirect visual aid for the Tank crew (driver, gunner, commander) serve, the direct one for future generation tanks View will be replaced by a view mirror, and therefore do not have to be procured additionally. In the preferred use of uncooled thermal imagers as Image cameras are not just reliable detection approaching projectiles even at night and bright Sunlight or in front of little contrast with the floor Background, but is also ensured by the relatively low procurement cost of such uncooled Thermal imaging devices an attractive price for that Protective device achieved.

Zweckmäßige Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Schutzeinrichtung mit vorteilhaften Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den weiteren Ansprüchen.Appropriate embodiments of the invention Protective device with advantageous further training and Refinements of the invention result from the others Claims.

Die Erfindung ist anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen jeweils in schematischer Darstellung:

Fig.1
Eine Draufsicht eines Kampfpanzers mit einer Einrichtung zum Schutz gegen Geschoßeinwirkung,
Fig.2
eine Skizze des Strahlengangs in zwei benachbarten Bildkameras der Schutzeinrichtung gemäß Fig.1 zur Erläuterung der Positionsermittlung eines anfliegenden Geschosses.
The invention is described below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Each shows in a schematic representation:
Fig. 1
A top view of a main battle tank with a device for protection against projectile impact,
Fig. 2
a sketch of the beam path in two adjacent image cameras of the protective device according to Figure 1 to explain the determination of the position of an approaching projectile.

In Fig.1 ist ein Kampfpanzer 10 in Draufsicht dargestellt, der während seines Einsatzes einer Bedrohung durch eine Panzerabwehr-Lenkrakete 11 ausgesetzt ist. Zum Schutze gegen Zerstörung durch diese Lenkrakete 11 ist der Panzer 10 mit einer Schutzeinrichtung versehen, die mit ihren wesentlichen Komponenten außen am Kampfpanzer 10 angebracht ist, wodurch bei der Nachrüstung von Panzern 10 mit solch einer Schutzeinrichtung konstruktive Änderungen am Panzer 10 selbst nicht oder nur in geringem Umfang anfallen. Die Schutzeinrichtung bietet aber auch Schutz gegen andere panzerbrechende Geschosse.1 shows a main battle tank 10 in plan view, who during his deployment of a threat from a Anti-tank guided missile 11 is exposed. For protection the tank is against destruction by this guided missile 11 10 provided with a protective device with their essential components attached to the outside of the main battle tank 10 is what when retrofitting tanks 10 with such a protective device constructive changes to the tank 10 itself does not occur or only to a small extent. The Protective devices also offer protection against others armor-piercing projectiles.

Wesentlicher Bestandteil der Schutzeinrichtung ist eine Vorrichtung zur Ortung anfliegender Geschosse 11, die mehrere als Bildkameras 12 ausgebildete Sensoren aufweist, die über den Kampfpanzer 10 derart verteilt angeordnet sind, daß im Abstand vom Panzer 10 um den Panzer 10 herum ein geschlossener Überwachungsschirm aufgespannt ist. In dem in Fig.1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind an jeder Längsseite des Panzers 10 drei Bildkameras 12 und an der Front- und Heckseite des Kampfpanzers 10 jeweils zwei Bildkameras 12 angeordnet. Die Sichtwinkel der Bildkameras 12, die in Fig.1 mit β bezeichnet sind, und der Abstand der Bildkameras 12 voneinander, der in Fig.1 mit a bezeichnet ist, sind so aufeinander abgestimmt, daß sich die Sichtwinkel β1 β2 benachbarter Bildkameras 121, 122 überlappen. Der Überlappungsbreich ist so festgelegt, daß er außerhalb eines Mindestabstandes vor dem Kampfpanzer 10 liegt, der für die erfolgreiche Geschoßbekämpfung erforderlich ist. Als Bildkameras 12 werden bevorzugt ungekühlte Wärmebildgeräte eingesetzt, mit denen anfliegende Geschosse sehr gut erkannt werden können, da diese sich infolge ihrer großen Wärme sehr kontrastreich von dem übrigen Hintergrund unterscheiden. Darüber hinaus haben diese ungekühlten Wärmebildgeräte den Vorteil, bereits zu recht günstigen Preisen am Markt erhältlich zu sein. Zusätzlich werden diese ungekühlten Wärmebildgeräte auch als indirekte Sichtmittel für die Panzerbesatzung (Fahrer, Richtschütze, Kommandant) zum Fahren und zur Nahfeldaufklärung verwendet, so daß aufgrund der Doppelfunktion der Wärmebildgeräte die Gestehungskosten für die Schutzeinrichtung niedriger anzusetzen sind.An essential part of the protective device is a device for locating approaching projectiles 11, which has a plurality of sensors designed as image cameras 12, which are distributed over the main battle tank 10 in such a way that a closed monitoring screen is stretched around the tank 10 at a distance from the tank 10. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, three image cameras 12 are arranged on each long side of the tank 10 and two image cameras 12 are arranged on the front and rear side of the main battle tank 10. The viewing angles of the image cameras 12, which are denoted by β in FIG. 1, and the distance of the image cameras 12 from one another, which is denoted by a in FIG. 1, are coordinated with one another such that the viewing angles β 1 β 2 of adjacent image cameras 121 , 122 overlap. The overlap area is set so that it lies outside a minimum distance in front of the main battle tank 10, which is necessary for the successful projectile control. Uncooled thermal imaging devices are preferably used as image cameras 12, with which approaching projectiles can be recognized very well, since these differ from the rest of the background in a high contrast because of their great heat. In addition, these uncooled thermal imagers have the advantage of being available on the market at very reasonable prices. In addition, these uncooled thermal imaging devices are also used as indirect sighting means for the tank crew (driver, gunner, commander) for driving and for near-field reconnaissance, so that due to the dual function of the thermal imaging devices, the production costs for the protective device are lower.

Den Bildkameras 12 ist eine Bildverarbeitungseinheit zugeordnet, die aus den Kordinaten der Geschoßabbildung in den beiden Bildebenen benachbarter Bildkameras 121, 122 und dem gegenseitigen Abstand a der Bildkameras 12 fortlaufend die Geschoßposition bestimmt sowie aus den Positionsveränderungen und der Abtastfrequenz der Bildkamaras die Geschoßgeschwindigkeit berechnet. Zur Erläuterung des Verfahrens zur Bestimmung der Geschoßposition ist in Fig.2 eine Prinzipskizze der Strahlengänge in zwei benachbarten Bildkameras 121, 122 dargestellt. Darin sind mit 131, 132 die optischen Achsen, mit 141, 142 die Bildebenen, mit 151,52 die Linsenebenen und mit 161, 162 die Brennpunkte der beiden Bildkameras 121, 122 bezeichnet, b1 bzw. b2 ist die Bildweite jeder Bildkamera 121, 122, 11 ist die Lenkrakete und 11' die Abbildung der Lenkrakete 11 in den Bildebenen 141, 142 der Bildkameras 121, 122. x1 und x2 sind die jeweiligen Ablagen der Abbildung 11' der Lenkrakete 11 auf der x-Kordinate der Bildebene 141 bzw. 142. Eine gleiche Darstellung gilt für die um 90° gedrehte y-Kordinate in der Bildebene 141, 142 der beiden Bildkameras 121, 122. Mittels der Ablage x1 bzw. x2 der Abbildung 11' der Lenkrakete 11 in der Bildebene 141 bzw. 142 läßt sich der Peilwinkel ϕ1 bzw. ϕ2 im Azimut zur Lenkrakete 11 berechnen, und mittels des bekannten Abstands a zwischen den optischen Achsen 131, 132 der Bildkameras 121, 122 lassen sich aus den Peilwinkeln ϕ1, ϕ2 die in den Azimut projizierten Entfernungen r1 bzw. r2 zum Geschoß 11 aufgrund bekannter trigonometrischer Beziehungen berechnen. Mit den gleichen Größen in der y-Kordinate der Bildebene 141 bzw. 142 lassen sich die Projektionen der Entfernungen zur Lenkrakete 11 in Elevation errechnen. Aus den jeweils beiden Entfernungskomponenten wird die Entfernung jeder Bildkamera 121, 122 zur Lenkrakete 11 im Raum ermittelt und damit die Position der Lenkrakete 11 im Raum bestimmt. Die Abtastfrequenzen der beiden Bildkameras 121, 122 sind miteinander synchronisiert, so daß sich mit jeder Aufnahme der Bildkameras 121, 122 die neue Position der Lenkrakete 11 bestimmen läßt. Aufgrund der Positionsveränderungen der Lenkrakete 11 läßt sich deren Flugbahn und unter Zuhilfenahme der Abtastfrequenz der Bildkameras 121, 122 deren Fluggeschwindigkeit hochgenau bestimmen.The image cameras 12 are assigned an image processing unit which continuously determines the projectile position from the coordinates of the projectile image in the two image planes of adjacent image cameras 121, 122 and the mutual distance a between the image cameras 12 and calculates the projectile speed from the changes in position and the scanning frequency of the image cameras. To explain the method for determining the projectile position, a schematic diagram of the beam paths in two adjacent image cameras 121, 122 is shown in FIG. The optical axes are denoted by 131, 132, the image planes by 141, 142, the lens planes by 151, 52 and the focal points of the two image cameras 121, 122 by 161, 162, b 1 and b 2 being the image range of each image camera 121 , 122, 11 is the guided missile and 11 'is the image of the guided missile 11 in the image planes 141, 142 of the image cameras 121, 122. x 1 and x 2 are the respective positions of the illustration 11' of the guided missile 11 on the x coordinate of the image plane 141 and 142. The same representation applies to the y coordinate rotated by 90 ° in the image plane 141, 142 of the two image cameras 121, 122. By means of the deposit x 1 or x 2 of FIG. 11 'of the guided missile 11 in the image plane 141 and 142, the bearing angle ϕ 1 and ϕ 2 can be calculated in azimuth to the guided missile 11, and by means of the known distance a between the optical axes 131, 132 of the image cameras 121, 122, the bearing angles ϕ 1, ϕ 2 can be calculated distances r 1 and r 2 projected in the azimuth to the storey 11 calculate based on known trigonometric relationships. The projections of the distances to the guided missile 11 in elevation can be calculated with the same values in the y coordinate of the image plane 141 or 142. The distance from each image camera 121, 122 to the guided missile 11 in space is determined from the two distance components in each case, and thus the position of the guided missile 11 in space. The scanning frequencies of the two image cameras 121, 122 are synchronized with one another, so that the new position of the guided missile 11 can be determined with each exposure of the image cameras 121, 122. Due to the changes in position of the guided missile 11, its trajectory and, with the aid of the scanning frequency of the image cameras 121, 122, its flight speed can be determined with high precision.

Sind die Daten der Lenkrakete 11 auf diese Weise ermittelt, so wird eine Vorrichtung zur Bekämpfung der Lenkrakete 11 aktiviert, welche Bekämpfungsmittel ausstößt und der Lenkrakete entgegenschickt, so daß diese noch im ausreichenden Abstand vom Kampfpanzer 10 durch Zerstörung oder Ablenkung unschädlich gemacht wird. Im Ausführunsbeispiel der Fig.1 hat die Bekämpfungsvorrichtung beispielhaft eine Anzahl von Ausstoßtrichtern 17 für Hohlladungen oder Splittermuniton, die über den Kampfpanzer 10 verteilt angeordnet sind und jeweils einen bestimmten Sektor abdecken. Von der Ortungvorrichtung wird nunmehr derjenige Ausstoßtrichter 17 angesteuert, in dessen Bekämpfungssektor die Flugbahn der Lenkrakete 11 gerichtet ist. Dringt die Lenkrakete 11 in einen Bereich ein, in dem die Vernichtungswirkung der von dem Ausstroßtrichter 17 abgeschossenen Munition maximal ist, so wird der entsprechende Ausstoßtrichter 17 gezündet.If the data of the guided missile 11 are determined in this way, a device for combating the guided missile 11 activates which control agent emits and which Guided missile, so that this still in sufficient distance from the main battle tank 10 by destruction or distraction is rendered harmless. in the 1 has the control device an example of a number of discharge hoppers 17 for Hollow charges or fragmentation ammunition that are placed over the main battle tank 10 are distributed and each have a specific Cover sector. From the locating device is now the discharge funnel 17 is controlled in the Combat sector directed the trajectory of the guided missile 11 is. The guided missile 11 penetrates into an area in which the destructive effect of the discharge funnel 17th the amount of ammunition fired is maximum corresponding discharge funnel 17 ignited.

Anstelle der sektorselektiv wirkenden Ausstoßtrichter 17 für Hohlladungen oder Splittermuniton kann die Bekämpfungsvorrichtung auch über gelenkte Antiraketen verfügen, die, mit entsprechenden Daten eines vorausberechneten Treffpunkts der Lenkrakete 11 eingestellt, abgefeuert werden.Instead of the ejection funnels 17 which act in a sector-selective manner for shaped charges or fragmentation ammunition Fighting device also via guided anti-missiles have the, with corresponding data of a predicted meeting point of the guided missile 11 set, fired.

Claims (5)

Einrichtung zum Schutz von mobilen Objekten, insbesondere gepanzerten Fahrzeugen (10), gegen Geschoßeinwirkung, insbesondere Einwirkung von Flugkörpern oder Hochgeschwindigkeitsprojektilen, mit einer Vorrichtung zur Ortung des anfliegenden Geschosses (11), die mehrere Sensoren aufweist, die über das Objekt (10) derart verteilt angeordnet sind, daß im Abstand vom Objekt (10) um das Objekt (10) herum ein geschlossener Überwachungsschirm aufgespannt ist, und mit einer von der Ortungsvorrichtung aktivierbaren Vorrichtung zum Abfeuern von Geschoß-Bekämpfungmitteln, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sensoren Bildkameras (12) sind, die mit Abstand (a) voneinander am Objekt (10) so angeordnet sind, daß sich jeweils die Sichtwinkel (β1, β2) benachbarter Bildkameras (121, 122) überlappen, und daß eine Bildverarbeitungseinheit aus den Koordinaten (x1, x2) der Geschoßabbildung (11') in den beiden Bildebenen (141, 142) der benachbarten Bildkameras (121, 122) und dem gegenseitigen Abstand (a) der Bildkameras (121, 122) fortlaufend die Geschoßposition bestimmt, sowie aus den Positionsveränderungen und der Abtastfrequenz der Bildkameras (12) die Geschoßgeschwindigkeit berechnet.Device for protecting mobile objects, in particular armored vehicles (10), against projectile impact, in particular the impact of missiles or high-speed projectiles, with a device for locating the approaching projectile (11), which has a plurality of sensors distributed over the object (10) in this way are arranged in such a way that a closed monitoring screen is stretched around the object (10) at a distance from the object (10), and with a device for firing projectile-fighting means that can be activated by the locating device, characterized in that the sensors are image cameras (12) , which are arranged at a distance (a) from one another on the object (10) such that the respective viewing angles (β 1 , β 2 ) of adjacent image cameras (121, 122) overlap, and that an image processing unit consists of the coordinates (x 1 , x 2) the floor image (11 ') in the two image planes (141, 142) of the neighboring image cameras (121, 122) and the other Distance (a) of the image cameras (121, 122) continuously determines the projectile position and calculates the projectile speed from the changes in position and the scanning frequency of the image cameras (12). Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abtastfrequenzen der Bildkameras (12) miteinander synchronisiert sind. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the scanning frequencies of the image cameras (12) are synchronized with each other. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sichtwinkel (β) der Bildkameras (12) so festgelegt sind, daß benachbarte Sichtwinkel (β1, β2) sich von einem für die Geschoßbekämpfung erforderlichen Mindestabstand vor dem Objekt (10) an überschneiden.Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the viewing angles (β) of the image cameras (12) are fixed in such a way that neighboring viewing angles (β 1 , β 2 ) depend on a minimum distance in front of the object (10) required for projectile control overlap. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Bildkamaras (12) ungekühlte Wärmebildgeräte eingesetzt sind.Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that as picture cameras (12) uncooled Thermal imaging devices are used. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bildkameras (12) zusätzlich als indirektes Sichtmittel für Fahrer, Richtschützen und/oder Kommandant eines Panzerfahrzeugs (10) eingesetzt sind.Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that the image cameras (12) additionally as an indirect sight for drivers, gunner and / or commander of an armored vehicle (10) are used.
EP19980119995 1997-10-28 1998-10-22 Device for protecting moving objects, in particular armoured vehicles, against projectiles Expired - Lifetime EP0913661B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1997147515 DE19747515C1 (en) 1997-10-28 1997-10-28 Device for protecting mobile objects, in particular armored vehicles, against the impact of a projectile
DE19747515 1997-10-28

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EP0913661A2 true EP0913661A2 (en) 1999-05-06
EP0913661A3 EP0913661A3 (en) 1999-11-24
EP0913661B1 EP0913661B1 (en) 2002-12-18

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FR2898968A1 (en) * 2006-03-24 2007-09-28 Jean Jacques Vial Armored car`s e.g. tank, flank protecting device, has jacks for provoking inclination of lateral armor plates of armored car and supplied by pyrotechnic cartridge or by pressurized fluid
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EP0913661B1 (en) 2002-12-18
DE19747515C1 (en) 1999-05-20
EP0913661A3 (en) 1999-11-24

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