EP0911800A1 - Saiteninstrument - Google Patents

Saiteninstrument Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0911800A1
EP0911800A1 EP97830544A EP97830544A EP0911800A1 EP 0911800 A1 EP0911800 A1 EP 0911800A1 EP 97830544 A EP97830544 A EP 97830544A EP 97830544 A EP97830544 A EP 97830544A EP 0911800 A1 EP0911800 A1 EP 0911800A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
string instrument
strings
strut element
string
instrument
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97830544A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alexander Hohenegger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP97830544A priority Critical patent/EP0911800A1/de
Publication of EP0911800A1 publication Critical patent/EP0911800A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/14—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
    • G10H3/146—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means using a membrane, e.g. a drum; Pick-up means for vibrating surfaces, e.g. housing of an instrument
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D1/00—General design of stringed musical instruments
    • G10D1/02—Bowed or rubbed string instruments, e.g. violins or hurdy-gurdies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
    • G10D3/06—Necks; Fingerboards, e.g. fret boards

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a string instrument of the hand held type, such as a violin or viola, or of the upright type, such as a violoncello or double-bass, suitable to be played in a traditional manner, using the hands or a bow, and suitable to be electrically amplified and dismantled.
  • a string instrument of the hand held type such as a violin or viola
  • the upright type such as a violoncello or double-bass
  • the bearing structure as well as generating the sound, has the job of supporting the compression and traction stress caused by the tension to which the strings of the instrument are subjected.
  • the bearing structure is also heavy and voluminous, which further increases the care that has to be taken of the instrument and which, in addition to this, results in considerable transport expenses.
  • Structural simplification has made it possible to manufacture string instruments that can be dismantled, have a smaller volume and can be more easily put away into cases.
  • String instruments are known that can be dismantled and that have a completely rigid bearing structure. They are provided with acoustic transducers which collect the vibrations produced by the strings, instead of a vibrating wall which in this case is not present, according to the same principle used in electric guitars and basses.
  • This type of instrument does not reach a sound quality of a type that can be compared with that of a traditional instrument, because the sound is generated by means, the strings, that differ from those of a traditional instrument.
  • String instruments have also been provided that can be dismantled, in which the sound is generated according to the mechanisms of a traditional instrument, that is to say by a vibrating wall, which in turn receives vibrations from the strings through the bridge of the instrument.
  • This type of instrument although it has a better sound quality, does not give the freedom of adjustment that would be expected by the user for an instrument that is easy to transport and manage, and therefore capable of adapting to a variety of different musical situations.
  • the technical problem at the root of the present invention is that of providing a string instrument that makes it possible to overcome all the various problems mentioned with reference to the prior art.
  • the main advantage of the string instrument according to the present invention lies in the fact that it allows generation of a high quality sound in a structurally simple instrument that can be dismantled, while at the same time allowing a wide range of adjustments to adapt to a variety of musical needs.
  • a hand held string instrument and in particular a violin, is indicated as a whole with 1. It is of the type suitable to be played in a traditional manner using a bow, not shown, or plucked so as to play "pizzicato".
  • the violin 1 comprises a neck 2, capable of being normally gripped in the left hand of the musician, and a harmonic bearing structure 3, which forms the body of the instrument, capable of resting between the base of the neck and the chin of the musician while playing.
  • the violin 1 further comprises a front block 4, to which the neck 2 is rigidly connected, and a rear block 5.
  • the harmonic bearing structure 3 is thus substantially arranged between said blocks 4, 5 which represent the structural elements to which the strings are anchored to cross the neck 2 and fingerboard, as will be seen from the following.
  • the neck 2 carries a fingerboard 6, rounded in form, which extends longitudinally along the whole of the neck 2 and also partially over the structure 3.
  • the neck 2 also comprises a terminal scroll 7, of a traditional shape, which forms one end of the neck of the instrument 1, to which are fixed a plurality of strings 8 which, in the present embodiment, number four. Said strings 8 extend from the scroll 7 to a tail-piece 9, also with a substantially traditional form, which is connected to the rear block 5 by means of a tie 10 hooked around a button 11, which in turn is fixed into the back of the rear block 5.
  • the tail-piece 9 is thus free to incline and rotate with respect to the rear block 5.
  • the strings 8 are capable of being subjected to tension, and in this regard the violin 1 comprises adjustment means 12 for the tension of each string 8.
  • said adjustment means 12 are located on the scroll 7, which has a plurality of keys 13, each one of which corresponds to a respective string 8 and has a stem 14 around which the string 8 is wrapped.
  • the violin 1 comprises a bridge 15 resting against said plurality of strings 8.
  • the bridge is arranged perpendicular to an axis substantially defined by the scroll 7 and by the tie 10, which form the ends of an arch over which the strings 8 are held taught.
  • the position of the bridge 15 with respect to said axis forms an angle of deviation that represents an important acoustic parameter for the violin 1.
  • the strings 8, suitably diverted, and said axis form a symmetrical tension plane that is substantially perpendicular to the violin 1 as a whole and to the planes defined by the fingerboard 6 and by the strings 8, respectively, on the one side, and with respect to the bridge 15 on the other side.
  • the fingerboard 6 is arranged in a position immediately underlying a taught portion 16 of said plurality of strings 8.
  • the taught portion 16 is substantially comprised between the scroll 7 and the bridge 15, and on it the musician plays the violin using his fingers or the bow.
  • the distance between the strings 8 and the fingerboard 6 is also an important parameter: in effect when the strings 8 and the fingerboard 6 are very close it is not possible to excerpt a strong pressure on the strings 8, because in this way they would touch the surface of the fingerboard 6.
  • the bridge 15 is made to rest, in correspondence with a pair of feet 17, on the bearing structure 3 in the way that will be described in the following, and transmits the vibrations imparted to the strings 8 by the musician to said bearing structure.
  • the harmonic bearing structure 3 comprises, between the blocks 4, 5 and fixed thereto, a rigid strut element 18, of wooden material such as maple or the like, and substantially in the shape of a beam arranged to lie flat with respect to the violin 1 as a whole.
  • the strut element 18 is arranged along said axis between the scroll 7 and the button 11, so that it is able to support an axial compression deriving from the tension excerpted on the strings 8.
  • the strut element 18 offers greater resistance to the lateral flexing stress that might be created if the strings 8 are unevenly or excessively tightened.
  • the strut element 18 is fixed by means of a horizontal pin 28, adjacent to the internal edge of the block 4, and by means of vertical screws 29, arranged on the end of the strut element 18 in a central position with respect to the block 4.
  • the bearing structure 3 In an intermediate position between the strings 8 and the strut element 18, the bearing structure 3 has a sound board 19 which extends along the whole of the structure 3 and simply rests on the blocks 4, 5 in correspondence with resting points 20, so that it is compressed between the bridge 15 and the blocks 4, 5 and remains floating with respect to the latter.
  • the sound board 19 which is structurally independent of the strut element 18 and is bellied in shape, is not subjected to shear stress but only to the action of the bridge, from which it receives the vibrations generated by the strings. In this way the board 19 forms a resonating body free of structural stress.
  • An acoustic transducer T is applied to the sound board 19 in correspondence with the bridge 15, picking up the sound made by the violin at the point in which it is generated, that is to say on the sound board 19.
  • the acoustic transducer T transforms the vibrations in the sound board 19 into an electric signal which can be amplified using normal systems.
  • An acoustic transducer particularly suitable for use in a violin according to the present embodiment of the invention is the pick-up described in the U.S.A. Patent No. 5,461,193 (Schertler). This operates according to an electrostatic and electrodynamic principle according to the movement of an electric coil with respect to a permanent magnet integral with the vibrating body.
  • the bearing structure 3 further comprises a tie rod 21 with a variable length, distinct from said strut element 18, substantially extending between the front and rear blocks 4, 5.
  • the sound board 19 is in any case structurally independent of the tie rod 21.
  • the tie rod 21 rests on said tension plane and is below the axis defined by the scroll 7 and the button 11. Because of its position it is therefore capable of supporting the traction deriving from the tension created in said plurality of strings 8.
  • the sleeve 23 extends from the back of the block 5 in the form of a handle 24, for said screw means, which can be turned in a clockwise or in an anti-clockwise direction.
  • the threaded end 22, the sleeve 23 and the handle 24 constitute means to vary the length of said tie rod 21 when the latter is subjected to traction.
  • the strut element 18 is bent and the blocks 4, 5 are made to rotate with respect to one another. Due to this movement enforced by the tie rod 21 the neck 2 is turned in the direction indicated by the arrow in figure 2 and the taught portion 16 of the strings 8 and the fingerboard 6 are brought closer to one another.
  • adjustment means 12 and the variation in length of the tie rod 21 thus offers a wide range of adjustments in sound which render the violin 1 capable of adapting to every instrumental need.
  • a front curved element 25 and a rear curved element 26 which simulate the external shape of a traditional violin.
  • the front curved element 25 forms a raised plane, close to the plane substantially defined by the board 19, in a position such that is forms a reference point for the arm holding the bow.
  • the rear curved element forms a lowered plane, corresponding to the base plate of a traditional violin, providing a reference point when resting the instrument 1 against the base of the neck.
  • the rigid parts of the violin 1, the blocks 4 and 5, the strut element 18, the neck 2, can conveniently be made of a more rigid type of wood, for example maple.
  • the sound board 19 can be made of a type of wood with distinctive sounding characteristics, for example Norway spruce. Ebony is preferred for the fingerboard.
  • the conformation of the board 19 allows the greatest possible freedom for the violin maker when selecting the thickness that will give the best sound.
  • the curved elements 25, 26 are fixed to the respective blocks by means of screws 27, and can therefore be dismantled.
  • the sound board 19, after the strings 8 have been loosened, is no longer subjected to compression by the bridge 15 and can therefore be removed, and if necessary replaced by a board with different acoustic characteristics.
  • the bridge 15 is also easy to replace and its position on the board 19 can also be changed.
  • the violin 1 described above can be subject to a number of variations, which however remain within the scope of the present invention.
  • strut element 18 can be fitted with more than one strut element 18, or with more than one tie rod 21, provided these are structurally symmetrical, so that they can be subjected to the respective compression and traction stress.
  • spacers can be provided in correspondence with the resting points 20 on the sound board 19, to modify the acoustic response of the latter and the geometry of the whole instrument.
  • the instrument 1 could also be equipped with a double sound board 19, comprising two parts in different materials and/or of a different thickness, so as to provide optimum response both in the high and low registers.
  • the bridge 15 could rest on both the boards, arranged side by side, with one foot 17 on each of the boards.
  • the present embodiment is not limited by the number of strings, which might, for example, be five instead of four. In a similar manner this embodiment can be equally applied to any hand held string instrument, for example a viola.
  • the whole instrument can in any case be customised, for example by using, for the neck, curved elements, bridge, distance between blocks, the measurements of a traditional instrument.
  • the owner of said instrument could thus transfer to the dismountable instrument without noticing any difference in size.
  • violoncello is thus indicated as a whole with 1. It comprises a neck 2, normally capable of being held in the left hand of the musician, and a harmonic bearing structure 3 capable of being inclined with respect to the body of the musician, who usually plays the instrument from a sitting position.
  • the violoncello 1 further comprises a front or top block 4, to which the neck 2 is rigidly connected, and a rear or bottom block 5.
  • the harmonic bearing structure 3 is thus substantially arranged between said blocks 4, 5 and rests on the rear block 5, which has a through hole 30 and a ferrule 31, inserted in the hole, which is locked in position by a screw fixing element 32 which clamps the ferrule 31 in the hole 30.
  • the violoncello 1 can be rested on the ground on the ferrule 31, which can be adjusted to a suitable height.
  • the neck 2 carries a fingerboard 6, rounded in form, which extends longitudinally along the whole of the neck 2 and also partially over the structure 3.
  • the neck 2 also comprises a terminal scroll 7', which is turned in the opposite direction to the traditional one, that is to say it curls around towards the back of the violoncello 1 and not towards the front, thus extending the surface of the fingerboard 6.
  • This scroll 7' forms the end of the neck to which are fixed a plurality of strings 8 which, in the present embodiment also, number four.
  • Said strings 8 extend from the scroll 7' to a tail-piece 9, also with a substantially traditional form, which is connected to the rear block 5 by means of a tie 10 hooked around a button 11, which in turn is fixed into the back of the rear block 5.
  • the strings 8 are capable of being subjected to tension, and in this regard the violin 1 comprises adjustment means 12 for the tension of each string 8.
  • said adjustment means 12 are located in correspondence with the tail-piece 9.
  • the instrument 1 comprises a bridge 15 resting against said plurality of strings 8.
  • the bridge 15 is arranged perpendicular to the axis substantially defined by the scroll 7' and by the button 11, which form the ends of an arch over which the strings 8 are held taught.
  • the bridge 15 takes on a characteristic arched shape and has an opening 15a.
  • the strings 8, suitably diverted, and said axis form a symmetrical tension plane that is substantially perpendicular to the violoncello 1 as a whole and to the planes defined by the fingerboard 6 and by the strings 8, respectively, on the one side, and with respect to the bridge 15 on the other side.
  • the fingerboard 6 is arranged in a position immediately underlying a taught portion 16 of said plurality of strings 8.
  • the taught portion 16 is substantially comprised between the scroll 7' and the bridge 15, and on it the musician plays the instrument using his fingers, to play pizzicato, or the bow.
  • the bridge 15 is made to rest, in correspondence with a pair of feet 17, on the bearing structure 3 in the way that will be described in the following, and transmits the vibrations imparted to the strings 8 by the musician to said bearing structure.
  • the harmonic bearing structure 3 comprises, between the blocks 4, 5 and fixed thereto, a rigid strut element 18, substantially in the shape of a bar.
  • a rigid strut element 18 On the front block 4 the strut element 18 is fixed into a corresponding cavity 33, while on the rear block 5 the strut element is anchored to a screw element 34 which is fixed into the block 5 at a variable height, so that the point of contact between block 5 and strut element 18 can vary in height.
  • the tail-piece 9 is connected, by means of the tie 10, directly to the end of the strut element 18 on the rear block 5. In this way, while it is mechanically connected to the block 5, the tail-piece follows the movements imposed on the strut element 18 by the screw element 34.
  • the strut element 18 is substantially arranged along said axis between the scroll 7' and the button 11, so that it is able to support an axial compression deriving from the tension excerpted on the strings 8.
  • the bearing structure 3 provides a sound board 19, which extends along the whole of the structure 3 and is fixed to the blocks 4, 5.
  • the sound board 19 is also fixed to the screw element 34, between the strut element 18 and the rear block 5.
  • the position of the board 19 is such that, when the strings 8 are subjected to tension, a marginal amount of compression is discharged onto them, whereas most of the compression is loaded onto the strut element 18.
  • the sound board 19, which is structurally independent of the strut element 18, is able to vibrate freely and, in this regard, is compressed between the bridge 15 and the blocks 4, 5.
  • the bridge 15, in the present embodiment, is arranged to straddle the strut element 18, which passes through the opening 15a.
  • An acoustic transducer T is applied to the sound board 19 in correspondence with the bridge 15, picking up the sound made by the violoncello 1 at the point in which it is generated, that is to say on the sound board 19.
  • This transducer is similar to the one mentioned above with reference to the violin, only of a kind suitable to receive sounds of a lower pitch.
  • the bearing structure 3 further comprises a tie rod 21 with a variable length, distinct from said strut element 18, substantially extending between the front and rear blocks 4, 5.
  • the tie rod 21 rests on said tension plane and is below the axis defined by the scroll 7' and the button 11. Because of its position it is therefore capable of supporting the traction deriving from the tension created in said plurality of strings 8.
  • the sleeve 23 extends from the back of the block 5 in the form of a handle 24, which can be turned in a clockwise or in an anti-clockwise direction.
  • the threaded end 22, the sleeve 23 and the handle 24 constitute means to vary the length of said tie rod 21 when the latter is subjected to traction.
  • the strut element 18 is bent and the blocks 4, 5 are made to rotate with respect to one another. Due to this movement enforced by the tie rod 21 the neck 2 is turned in the direction indicated by the arrow in figure 4 and the taught portion 16 of the strings 8 and the fingerboard 6 are brought closer to one another.
  • the sound board 19 also becomes more curved, and this can be compensated if necessary by adjusting the screw element 34.
  • the combined action of the adjustment means 12 and variation of the length of the tie rod 21 thus offers a wide range of acoustic regulation.
  • a front curved element 25 and a rear curved element 26 are fixed to the front block 4 and to the rear block 5, respectively, in a removable manner to simulate the external shape of a traditional violoncello.
  • Both the front curved element and the rear curved element define a lowered plane corresponding to the back board of a traditional violoncello, which provides a reference when resting the instrument 1 against the legs or body.
  • the rear curved element 26 extends symmetrically to both sides of rear block 5.
  • the curved elements 25, 26 are fixed to the respective blocks by means of screws, and can therefore be removed. Likewise in the case of the violoncello the bridge 15 can easily be replaced, and its position on the board 19 can also be changed.
  • violoncello 1 described above can be subjected to various alterations similar to those already described above with reference to the violin, and in any case falling within the scope of the present invention.
  • It comprises a blade 36 arranged on end with respect to the fingerboard 6, in correspondence with which the means 12 adjusting the tension of each of the strings 8 are located.
  • the violoncello not shown in figure 5, comprises a tail-piece 9 of a traditional type and substantially as shown with reference to the violin of figures 1 and 2.
  • the adjustment means 12 comprise keys 13 which act on stems 14, to which the strings 8 are respectively fixed and around which they are wrapped, said keys protruding in an offset manner from the sides of the blade 36.
  • the string instruments described above can be handled like traditional instruments, and it is possible to obtain similar sensations from them, both in terms of sound, behaviour and size.
  • the hand-held instruments have a weight similar to that of a traditional hand-held string instrument, which facilitates their use.
  • the weight is conveniently reduced.
  • the sound can be amplified in any manner and can be heard by the musician through earphones.
  • the instrument is therefore suitable to be used in a wide range of occasions, for example in a study or hotel room at times in which silence is expected.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)
EP97830544A 1997-10-24 1997-10-24 Saiteninstrument Withdrawn EP0911800A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97830544A EP0911800A1 (de) 1997-10-24 1997-10-24 Saiteninstrument

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97830544A EP0911800A1 (de) 1997-10-24 1997-10-24 Saiteninstrument

Publications (1)

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EP0911800A1 true EP0911800A1 (de) 1999-04-28

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Family Applications (1)

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EP97830544A Withdrawn EP0911800A1 (de) 1997-10-24 1997-10-24 Saiteninstrument

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012151616A1 (en) * 2011-05-10 2012-11-15 FRANCIS, John Leslie Roose Electro-mechanical musical instrument
WO2012156803A2 (en) 2011-05-15 2012-11-22 Miltimore Michael Acoustic string instrument
IT201800005735A1 (it) * 2018-05-25 2019-11-25 Struttura di strumento elettrico ad archi
WO2020240250A1 (en) * 2019-05-27 2020-12-03 Ingallinera Giovanni Electric bowed string instrument structure

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1043201A (en) * 1961-10-05 1966-09-21 Ormston Burns Ltd Improvements in and relating to stringed instruments
US3302507A (en) * 1963-06-07 1967-02-07 Columbia Broadcasting Syst Inc Guitar, and method of manufacturing the same
US4111093A (en) * 1976-04-29 1978-09-05 Roger Field String instrument, in particular a guitar with foldable neck portion
US5058479A (en) * 1990-08-16 1991-10-22 Shaw Eric D Collapsible guitar
US5251526A (en) * 1992-07-23 1993-10-12 Hill Jason P Rotating electrical stringed instrument

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1043201A (en) * 1961-10-05 1966-09-21 Ormston Burns Ltd Improvements in and relating to stringed instruments
US3302507A (en) * 1963-06-07 1967-02-07 Columbia Broadcasting Syst Inc Guitar, and method of manufacturing the same
US4111093A (en) * 1976-04-29 1978-09-05 Roger Field String instrument, in particular a guitar with foldable neck portion
US5058479A (en) * 1990-08-16 1991-10-22 Shaw Eric D Collapsible guitar
US5251526A (en) * 1992-07-23 1993-10-12 Hill Jason P Rotating electrical stringed instrument

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012151616A1 (en) * 2011-05-10 2012-11-15 FRANCIS, John Leslie Roose Electro-mechanical musical instrument
CN103650028A (zh) * 2011-05-10 2014-03-19 浩特斯博尔管理有限公司 电子机械乐器
US8940984B2 (en) 2011-05-10 2015-01-27 Hotspur Management Pty Ltd Electro-mechanical musical instrument
WO2012156803A2 (en) 2011-05-15 2012-11-22 Miltimore Michael Acoustic string instrument
EP2710584A4 (de) * 2011-05-15 2015-11-25 Michael Miltimore Akustisches saiteninstrument
IT201800005735A1 (it) * 2018-05-25 2019-11-25 Struttura di strumento elettrico ad archi
WO2020240250A1 (en) * 2019-05-27 2020-12-03 Ingallinera Giovanni Electric bowed string instrument structure
US20220215816A1 (en) * 2019-05-27 2022-07-07 Giovanni INGALLINERA Electric bowed string instrument structure
US11749233B2 (en) * 2019-05-27 2023-09-05 Giovanni INGALLINERA Electric bowed string instrument structure

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