EP0911582B1 - Method for operating a premix burner and premix burner - Google Patents

Method for operating a premix burner and premix burner Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0911582B1
EP0911582B1 EP97810801A EP97810801A EP0911582B1 EP 0911582 B1 EP0911582 B1 EP 0911582B1 EP 97810801 A EP97810801 A EP 97810801A EP 97810801 A EP97810801 A EP 97810801A EP 0911582 B1 EP0911582 B1 EP 0911582B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
liquid
premix burner
water
mixing zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97810801A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0911582A1 (en
Inventor
Adnam Eroglu
Robin Mcmillan
Jens Policke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Switzerland GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Schweiz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Schweiz AG filed Critical Alstom Schweiz AG
Priority to DE59711110T priority Critical patent/DE59711110D1/en
Priority to EP97810801A priority patent/EP0911582B1/en
Priority to JP30386398A priority patent/JP4664451B2/en
Priority to CNB981250637A priority patent/CN1143074C/en
Priority to US09/179,462 priority patent/US6132202A/en
Publication of EP0911582A1 publication Critical patent/EP0911582A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0911582B1 publication Critical patent/EP0911582B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/16—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour in which an emulsion of water and fuel is sprayed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B01F25/3141—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B01F25/3142—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/4314—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor with helical baffles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
    • B01F25/452—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces
    • B01F25/4521—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces the components being pressed through orifices in elements, e.g. flat plates or cylinders, which obstruct the whole diameter of the tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
    • B01F2101/503—Mixing fuel or propellant and water or gas, e.g. air, or other fluids, e.g. liquid additives to obtain fluid fuel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a premix burner according to claim 1 and a premix burner according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • Combustion chambers have long been available for stationary gas turbines in power plants with pre-mix burners designed as so-called double-cone burners proven, where the fuel from the outside by insertable fuel lances is fed.
  • the lance is usually designed as a two-fuel lance, i.e. optionally gaseous fuel, e.g. Pilot gas, and / or more liquid Fuel, for example an oil-water emulsion, are supplied.
  • a liquid fuel pipe an atomizing air pipe and a pilot gas pipe arranged concentrically.
  • the tubes each form a channel for the Liquid fuel, the atomizing air and the pilot gas, which at the lance head in end of a fuel nozzle.
  • the fuel lance is inserted with its lance head a corresponding inner tube of the double cone burner, so that the emerging Fuel through the fuel nozzle into the one connected to the inner tube Interior of the burner arrives (see DE 43 06 956 A1).
  • a double cone burner which is used for intended for use in a combustion chamber connected to a gas turbine is.
  • This burner consists of two hollow, complementary to the double cone burner Partial cone bodies that are arranged radially offset from each other. He owns a hollow cone-shaped interior that increases in the direction of flow with tangential air inlet slots.
  • the fuel supply for the double-cone burner takes place from the outside via the plug-in fuel lance, which opens into a liquid fuel nozzle.
  • the latter forms one in the interior of the burner hollow cone-shaped fuel spray consisting of liquid fuel and air from where most fuel droplets are at the outer end of the conical Spray pattern are concentrated. Because of the large spray angle of approx.
  • DE-A-44 01 097 generally describes a method for reducing NOx emissions in the combustion of a liquid fuel and a device for Implementation of the procedure known. It is suggested that before entering the Fuel channel within a burner lance an emulsion by mixing water and Form fuel and forward this emulsion to an atomizer nozzle.
  • the invention tries to avoid all of these disadvantages. You have the task based, a method and an apparatus for operating a premix burner to create, which improve the fuel supply in certain operating modes.
  • this is achieved in that the liquid fuel and water separately is directed to the liquid fuel nozzle and only in the liquid fuel nozzle Mixing takes place.
  • the resulting liquid fuel-water mixture is then in a full jet, with an injection angle ⁇ of less than 10 °, injected into the interior of the premix burner.
  • This is the liquid fuel nozzle equipped with a simple injection opening. Upstream of the injection opening a mixing zone is arranged, in which both a liquid fuel line as well as a water supply line.
  • the liquid fuel line and the water supply line are arranged together in a fuel lance, the latter having an end piece forming the liquid fuel nozzle. Both the injection opening and the mixing zone are the in this end piece Fuel lance arranged.
  • the liquid fuel Due to the pressure loss in the end piece of the fuel lance, the liquid fuel remains and the water and its corresponding supply lines to the mixing zone, i.e. until just before the liquid fuel-water mixture forms Cut. This ensures good flow control almost the entire available pressure loss can be used to inject the fluids involved can be used through the liquid fuel nozzle. In this way the Liquid fuel at a high speed and regardless of the injection of the water sprayed in, which enables better atomization. In addition, the liquid fuel-water mixture formed in the mixing zone not upstream in the liquid fuel line or water supply line penetrate, which prevents the flame from striking back.
  • the water is in the liquid fuel initiated.
  • the water supply is radially outside the liquid fuel line as well as coaxial to the latter.
  • the mixing zone is medium a plate separated from the liquid fuel line, the plate at least an axial connection opening between the liquid fuel line and the mixing zone and the water supply line has at least one radial through opening Mixing zone has.
  • the mixing zone advantageously has a funnel-shaped design Transition piece to the injection opening, which ensures a streamlined feed the liquid fuel-water mixture to the injection opening can be. It is particularly useful if the water is vertical is introduced into the liquid fuel. Thus, in a relatively short mixing zone a largely homogeneous mixture can be formed.
  • it is therefore used for reprocessing the liquid fuel-water mixture either the water in the Liquid fuel or the liquid fuel introduced into the water.
  • a pressure loss at the transition to the mixing zone can thus be prevented and thus the total available pressure loss through the injection port for injecting the Liquid fuel-water mixture used in the interior of the premix burner become.
  • With a high speed injection of the Liquid fuel and water in the mixing zone create great turbulence there, which promote a quick and good mixing of both fluids.
  • the injection opening has a guide length I and a diameter d, with a ratio of guide length to diameter of 2 ⁇ l / d ⁇ 20 is observed. With such a ratio, a particularly good atomization can the fuel mixture can be achieved.
  • the premix burner In a further embodiment of the invention, it is located in the interior of the premix burner, spreading in the direction of flow and from the liquid fuel / water mixture existing full jet from a tangential into the Rotating combustion air flow flowing into the burner.
  • the Ignition of the combustion mixture that occurs takes place in the area of Burner mouth instead, the flame front in this area by a Backflow zone is stabilized.
  • the premix burner consists of at least two hollow partial cone bodies, radially offset from each other, with tangential air inlet slots and an increasing in the direction of flow, hollow cone-shaped interior.
  • the liquid fuel nozzle is also connected to a fuel lance serving the fuel supply.
  • this method provides a form of liquid spray with a small injection angle, which with the small opening angle of the premix burner interacts optimally. This creates ideal conditions for the Combustion of liquid fuel by means of a premix burner designed in this way created.
  • the gas turbine system for example, does not show the compressor and the gas turbine.
  • the direction of flow of the work equipment is indicated by arrows.
  • the gas turbine plant consists of a compressor, one Gas turbine and a combustion chamber 1.
  • the combustion chamber 1 there are several both for operation with liquid fuel 2 as well as with gaseous fuel 3 suitable and designed as a double-cone pre-mix burner 4.
  • the double-cone burners 4 each consist of two half, hollow partial cone bodies 5, 6, each with an inner wall 7, 8. Close both inner walls 7, 8 a hollow cone-shaped interior 9 that increases in the flow direction a (Fig. 1).
  • the partial cone bodies 5, 6 each have an offset to the other arranged central axis 10, 11 (Fig. 2).
  • Both partial cone bodies 5, 6 each have a cylindrical one Initial part 15, 16.
  • the initial parts 15, 16 are analogous to the partial cone bodies 5, 6 staggered (Fig. 1).
  • In the beginning parts 15, 16 and in the interior 9 protrudes as a central liquid fuel nozzle 17 End piece of a fuel supply to the double cone burner 4
  • the liquid fuel nozzle 17 has one circular injection opening 19 on (Fig. 2).
  • the fuel lance 18 consists of a central liquid fuel line 20 and one radially outside of this and coaxial to the water supply line 21 arranged upstream of the injection opening 19 a mixing zone 22 is formed and by means of a vertically arranged, circular plate 23 separated from the liquid fuel line 20.
  • Plate 23 has a plurality of axial connection openings 24 between the liquid fuel line 20 and the mixing zone 22 and the water supply line 21 several radial Through openings 25 to the mixing zone 22.
  • the mixing zone 22 has one funnel-shaped transition piece 26 to the injection opening 19.
  • the latter has a guide length I and a diameter d and a ratio of the guide length to diameter from 4 to (Fig. 3).
  • the double-cone burner 4 is also used as liquid fuel via the liquid fuel line 20 2 used fuel oil and the water supply line 21 with water 27 supplied.
  • the fuel oil 2 and the water 27 are separately Liquid fuel nozzle 17 transported. Mixing takes place only in the mixing zone 22 of fuel oil 2 and water 27, by injecting the water vertically 27 into the fuel oil 2.
  • fuel oil is the liquid fuel 2 is used, it does not form a proper mixture, but to a liquid fuel-water emulsion 28.
  • the liquid fuel-water emulsion 28 is through the central injection opening 19, with an injection angle ⁇ of less than 10 °, injected into the interior 9 (Fig. 1).
  • the full jet 29 spreads in the interior 9 of the double-cone burner 4 in the direction of flow evenly and ultimately takes on a conical shape Shape.
  • the resulting fuel mixture is ignited in the area of the burner orifice, whereby a flame front 30 forms, which in turn in the area the burner mouth is stabilized by a backflow zone 31.
  • a quotient of the guide length reached to the diameter of the injection opening of l / d 10, whereby the Liquid fuel-water emulsion 28 inherent turbulence is calmed.
  • the liquid fuel line 20 is axial and the water supply line 21 is conical arranged opening into the mixing zone 22 (FIG. 4). This will make it Water 27 introduced obliquely into the liquid fuel 2 so that a pressure loss can be prevented at the transition to the mixing zone 22. So the whole available pressure loss via the injection opening 19 for the injection of the liquid fuel-water emulsion 28 into the interior 9 of the premix burner 4 used, which results in a small injection angle and thus a full jet 29 Has. All other processes are carried out analogously to the first embodiment.
  • an alternative solution is essentially same effects shown in the compared to the second embodiment only the arrangement of the liquid fuel line 20 and the Water supply line 21 are interchanged in the fuel lance 18 (Fig. 5). So that can better atomization can be achieved when operating without water 27.
  • the injection opening 19 can correspond to the specific operating conditions the double cone burner 4 also another suitable shape and the quotient of guide length I and diameter d another amount, about 2 to 20.
  • the double-cone burner 4 purely conical, i.e. without the cylindrical starting parts 15, 16 are formed.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical field

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Vormischbrenners gemäss Anspruch 1 und ein Vormischbrenner gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 7.The invention relates to a method for operating a premix burner according to claim 1 and a premix burner according to the preamble of claim 7.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Für stationäre Gasturbinen in Kraftwerken haben sich seit längerem Brennkammem mit als sogenannte Doppelkegelbrenner ausgebildeten Vormischbrennern bewährt, bei denen der Brennstoff von aussen durch einsteckbare Brennstofflanzen zugeführt wird. Die Lanze ist dabei meist als Zwei-Brennstoff-Lanze ausgelegt, d.h. es kann wahlweise gasförmiger Brennstoff, z.B. Pilotgas, und/oder flüssiger Brennstoff, beispielsweise eine Öl-Wasser-Emulsion, zugeführt werden. Dazu sind in der Lanze ein Flüssigbrennstoffrohr, ein Zerstäuberluftrohr und ein Pilotgasrohr konzentrisch angeordnet. Die Rohre bilden jeweils einen Kanal für den Flüssigbrennstoff, die Zerstäuberluft und das Pilotgas, welche am Lanzenkopf in einer Brennstoffdüse enden. Die Brennstofflanze steckt mit ihrem Lanzenkopf in einem entsprechenden Innenrohr des Doppelkegelbrenners, so dass der austretende Brennstoff über die Brennstoffdüse in den an das Innenrohr anschliessenden Innenraum des Brenners gelangt (s. DE 43 06 956 A1).Combustion chambers have long been available for stationary gas turbines in power plants with pre-mix burners designed as so-called double-cone burners proven, where the fuel from the outside by insertable fuel lances is fed. The lance is usually designed as a two-fuel lance, i.e. optionally gaseous fuel, e.g. Pilot gas, and / or more liquid Fuel, for example an oil-water emulsion, are supplied. To are in the lance a liquid fuel pipe, an atomizing air pipe and a pilot gas pipe arranged concentrically. The tubes each form a channel for the Liquid fuel, the atomizing air and the pilot gas, which at the lance head in end of a fuel nozzle. The fuel lance is inserted with its lance head a corresponding inner tube of the double cone burner, so that the emerging Fuel through the fuel nozzle into the one connected to the inner tube Interior of the burner arrives (see DE 43 06 956 A1).

Aus dem EP 03 21 809 B1 ist ebenfalls ein Doppelkegelbrenner bekannt, der für den Einsatz in einer mit einer Gasturbine verbundenen Brennkammer vorgesehen ist. Dieser Brenner besteht aus zwei hohlen, sich zum Doppelkegelbrenner ergänzenden Teilkegelkörpern, die radial versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind. Er besitzt einen sich in Strömungsrichtung vergrössernden, hohlkegelförmigen Innenraum mit tangentialen Lufteintrittschlitzen. Die Brennstoffversorgung des Doppelkegelbrenners erfolgt von aussen über die einsteckbare Brennstofflanze, welche in eine Flüssigbrennstoffdüse mündet. Letztere bildet im Brennerinnenraum einen hohlkegelförmigen, aus Flüssigbrennstoff und Luft bestehenden Brennstoffspray aus, bei dem die meisten Brennstoff-Tröpfchen am äusseren Ende des konischen Spraymusters konzentriert sind. Wegen des grossen Sprühwinkels von ca. 30° und dem Fehlen eines axialen Impulses im Zentrum, sind diese Sprays sehr anfällig auf Zentrifugalkräfte, die durch die Wirbelströmung im Brennerinneren erzeugt werden. Dadurch werden die Brennstoff-Tröpfchen relativ schnell zentrifugal nach aussen getragen, was bei bestimmten Betriebsbedingungen den Aufprall einer nicht unbedeutenden Menge des Flüssigbrennstoffs an den Brennerwänden zur Folge haben kann.From EP 03 21 809 B1 a double cone burner is also known which is used for intended for use in a combustion chamber connected to a gas turbine is. This burner consists of two hollow, complementary to the double cone burner Partial cone bodies that are arranged radially offset from each other. He owns a hollow cone-shaped interior that increases in the direction of flow with tangential air inlet slots. The fuel supply for the double-cone burner takes place from the outside via the plug-in fuel lance, which opens into a liquid fuel nozzle. The latter forms one in the interior of the burner hollow cone-shaped fuel spray consisting of liquid fuel and air from where most fuel droplets are at the outer end of the conical Spray pattern are concentrated. Because of the large spray angle of approx. 30 ° and the lack of an axial pulse in the center, these sprays are very susceptible to centrifugal forces generated by the vortex flow inside the burner become. This makes the fuel droplets centrifugal relatively quickly carried outside, which in certain operating conditions the impact a not insignificant amount of liquid fuel on the burner walls can result.

Aus dem Lehrbuch "Atomization and sprays", von A. Lefebvre, West Lafayette, Indiana 1989, S. 106/107, 238-240 sind zur Zerstäubung von flüssigen Brennstoffen sogenannte Vollstrahlzerstäuber (plain jet orifice) bekannt. Bei solchen Zerstäuberdüsen wird der flüssige Brennstoff aus einer Vorkammer durch zumindest eine kreisförmige Einspritzöffnung bestimmter Führungslänge unter hohem Druck und mit einen Kegelwinkel von 5 bis 15° ausgestossen. Die Auflösung des Brennstoffstrahls in einzelne Tropfen wird bei erhöhter Fliessgeschwindigkeit gefördert, weil dadurch sowohl das Niveau der Verwirbelungen im ausströmenden Strahl als auch die vom umgebenden Medium ausgeübten aerodynamischen Zugkräfte ansteigen. Der beschriebene Vollstrahlzerstäuber realisiert die Eindüsung des Flüssigbrennstoffes ebenfalls gemeinsam mit dem Wasser, so dass die genannten Probleme bei der Brennstoffverteilung gleichfalls auftreten können.From the textbook "Atomization and sprays", by A. Lefebvre, West Lafayette, Indiana 1989, pp. 106/107, 238-240 are for atomizing liquid fuels so-called full jet atomizers (plain jet orifice) known. With such atomizing nozzles the liquid fuel from an antechamber through at least a circular injection opening of a certain guide length under high pressure and ejected with a cone angle of 5 to 15 °. The resolution of the fuel jet is pumped into individual drops at an increased flow rate, because both the level of turbulence in the outgoing jet and the aerodynamic tensile forces exerted by the surrounding medium also increase. The described full jet atomizer realizes the injection of the liquid fuel also together with the water, so that the above Problems with fuel distribution can also occur.

Aus der Schrift DE-A-44 01 097 ist allgemein ein Verfahren zur Reduzierung der NOx-Emissionen bei der Verbrennung eines flüssigen Brennstoffs sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens bekannt. Dabei wird vorgeschlagen, vor dem Eintritt in den Brennstoffkanal innerhalb einer Brennerlanze eine Emulsion durch Mischung von Wasser und Brennstoff zu bilden und diese Emulsion an eine Zerstäuberdüse weiterzuleiten.DE-A-44 01 097 generally describes a method for reducing NOx emissions in the combustion of a liquid fuel and a device for Implementation of the procedure known. It is suggested that before entering the Fuel channel within a burner lance an emulsion by mixing water and Form fuel and forward this emulsion to an atomizer nozzle.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Die Erfindung versucht, alle diese Nachteile zu vermeiden. Ihr liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Betrieb eines Vormischbrenners zu schaffen, welche die Brennstoffzufuhr bei bestimmten Betriebsarten verbessern.The invention tries to avoid all of these disadvantages. You have the task based, a method and an apparatus for operating a premix burner to create, which improve the fuel supply in certain operating modes.

Erfindungsgemäss wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass der Flüssigbrennstoff und das Wasser separat zur Flüssigbrennstoffdüse geleitet wird und erst in der Flüssigbrennstoffdüse eine Vermischung erfolgt. Die entstandene Flüssigbrennstoff-Wasser-Mischung wird anschliessend in einem Vollstrahl, mit einem Einspritzwinkel α von kleiner als 10°, in den Innenraum des Vormischbrenners eingedüst. Dazu ist die Flüssigbrennstoffdüse mit einer einfachen Einspritzöffnung ausgestattet. Stromauf der Einspritzöffnung ist eine Mischzone angeordnet, in welche sowohl eine Flüssigbrennstoffleitung als auch eine Wasserzuleitung einmünden. Die Flüssigbrennstoffleitung sowie die Wasserzuleitung sind gemeinsam in einer Brennstofflanze angeordnet, wobei letztere ein die Flüssigbrennstoffdüse bildendes Endstück aufweist. Sowohl die Einspritzöffnung als auch die Mischzone sind in diesem Endstück der Brennstofflanze angeordnet.According to the invention this is achieved in that the liquid fuel and water separately is directed to the liquid fuel nozzle and only in the liquid fuel nozzle Mixing takes place. The resulting liquid fuel-water mixture is then in a full jet, with an injection angle α of less than 10 °, injected into the interior of the premix burner. This is the liquid fuel nozzle equipped with a simple injection opening. Upstream of the injection opening a mixing zone is arranged, in which both a liquid fuel line as well as a water supply line. The liquid fuel line and the water supply line are arranged together in a fuel lance, the latter having an end piece forming the liquid fuel nozzle. Both the injection opening and the mixing zone are the in this end piece Fuel lance arranged.

Durch den Druckverlust im Endstück der Brennstofflanze bleiben der Flüssigbrennstoff und das Wasser sowie ihre entsprechenden Zuleitungen bis zur Mischzone, d.h. bis kurz vor der Bildung der Flüssigbrennstoff-Wasser-Mischung voneinander getrennt. Dadurch ist eine gute Durchflussregelung gewährleistet und fast der gesamte verfügbare Druckverlust kann zum Eindüsen der beteiligten Fluide durch die Flüssigbrennstoffdüse verwendet werden. Auf diese Weise wird der Flüssigbrennstoff mit einer grossen Geschwindigkeit und unabhängig von der Injektion des Wassers eingedüst, wodurch eine bessere Zerstäubung möglich ist. Ausserdem kann die in der Mischzone gebildete Flüssigbrennstoff-Wasser-Mischung nicht stromauf in die Flüssigbrennstoffleitung oder die Wasserzuleitung eindringen, womit einem Zurückschlagen der Flamme vorgebeugt ist.Due to the pressure loss in the end piece of the fuel lance, the liquid fuel remains and the water and its corresponding supply lines to the mixing zone, i.e. until just before the liquid fuel-water mixture forms Cut. This ensures good flow control almost the entire available pressure loss can be used to inject the fluids involved can be used through the liquid fuel nozzle. In this way the Liquid fuel at a high speed and regardless of the injection of the water sprayed in, which enables better atomization. In addition, the liquid fuel-water mixture formed in the mixing zone not upstream in the liquid fuel line or water supply line penetrate, which prevents the flame from striking back.

In einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird das Wasser in den Flüssigbrennstoff eingeleitet. Dazu ist die Wasserzuleitung radial ausserhalb der Flüssigbrennstoffleitung sowie koaxial zu letzterer ausgebildet. Die Mischzone ist mittels einer Platte von der Flüssigbrennstoffleitung getrennt, wobei die Platte zumindest eine axiale Verbindungsöffnung zwischen Flüssigbrennstoffleitung sowie Mischzone und die Wasserzuleitung zumindest eine radiale Durchgangsöffnung zur Mischzone aufweist. Die Mischzone besitzt vorteilhaft ein trichterförmig ausgebildetes Übergangsstück zur Einspritzöffnung, wodurch eine strömungsgünstige Zuführung der Flüssigbrennstoff-Wasser-Mischung zur Einspritzöffnung realisiert werden kann. Dabei ist es besonders zweckmässig, wenn das Wasser senkrecht in den Flüssigbrennstoff eingeleitet wird. Somit kann in einer relativ kurzen Mischzone eine weitgehend homogene Mischung gebildet werden.In a first embodiment of the invention, the water is in the liquid fuel initiated. For this purpose, the water supply is radially outside the liquid fuel line as well as coaxial to the latter. The mixing zone is medium a plate separated from the liquid fuel line, the plate at least an axial connection opening between the liquid fuel line and the mixing zone and the water supply line has at least one radial through opening Mixing zone has. The mixing zone advantageously has a funnel-shaped design Transition piece to the injection opening, which ensures a streamlined feed the liquid fuel-water mixture to the injection opening can be. It is particularly useful if the water is vertical is introduced into the liquid fuel. Thus, in a relatively short mixing zone a largely homogeneous mixture can be formed.

In einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind alternativ entweder die Flüssigbrennstoffleitung axial und die Wasserzuleitung kegelförmig oder die Wasserzuleitung axial und die Flüssigbrennstoffleitung kegelförmig in die Mischzone einmündend angeordnet. Je nach Auslegung der Brennstofflanze wird daher zur Aufbereitung der Flüssigbrennstoff-Wasser-Mischung entweder das Wasser in den Flüssigbrennstoff oder der Flüssigbrennstoff in das Wasser eingeleitet. Auf diese Weise kann ein Druckverlust beim Übergang zur Mischzone verhindert und somit der gesamte verfügbare Druckverlust über die Einspritzöffnung zur Injektion der Flüssigbrennstoff-Wasser-Mischung in den Innenraum des Vormischbrenners genutzt werden. Bei einer mit hoher Geschwindigkeit erfolgenden Eindüsung des Flüssigbrennstoffs und des Wassers in die Mischzone entstehen dort grosse Turbulenzen, welche eine schnelle und gute Vermischung beider Fluide fördern.Alternatively, in a second embodiment of the invention, either the liquid fuel line axial and the water supply conical or the water supply axially and the liquid fuel line tapering into the mixing zone arranged. Depending on the design of the fuel lance, it is therefore used for reprocessing the liquid fuel-water mixture either the water in the Liquid fuel or the liquid fuel introduced into the water. To this A pressure loss at the transition to the mixing zone can thus be prevented and thus the total available pressure loss through the injection port for injecting the Liquid fuel-water mixture used in the interior of the premix burner become. With a high speed injection of the Liquid fuel and water in the mixing zone create great turbulence there, which promote a quick and good mixing of both fluids.

Schliesslich weist die Einspritzöffnung eine Führungslänge I sowie einen Durchmesser d auf, wobei ein Verhältnis Führungslänge zu Durchmesser von 2 ≤ l/d ≤ 20 eingehalten wird. Bei einem solchen Verhältnis kann eine besonders gute Zerstäubung der Brennstoffmischung erreicht werden.Finally, the injection opening has a guide length I and a diameter d, with a ratio of guide length to diameter of 2 ≤ l / d ≤ 20 is observed. With such a ratio, a particularly good atomization can the fuel mixture can be achieved.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltungsform der Erfindung wird der sich im Innenraum des Vormischbrenners, in Strömungsrichtung ausbreitende und aus der Flüssigbrennstoff-Wasser-Mischung bestehende Vollstrahl von einem tangential in den Brenner einströmenden, rotierenden Verbrennungsluftstrom umschlossen. Die Zündung des sich einstellenden Verbrennungsgemisches findet im Bereich der Brennermündung statt, wobei die Flammenfront in diesem Bereich durch eine Rückströmzone stabilisiert wird. Dazu besteht der Vormischbrenner aus zumindest zwei hohlen, radial versetzt zueinander angeordneten Teilkegelkörpern, mit tangentialen Lufteintrittschlitzen und einem sich in Strömungsrichtung vergrössemden, hohlkegelförmigen Innenraum. Die Flüssigbrennstoffdüse ist ebenfalls mit einer der Brennstoffversorgung dienenden Brennstofflanze verbunden.In a further embodiment of the invention, it is located in the interior of the premix burner, spreading in the direction of flow and from the liquid fuel / water mixture existing full jet from a tangential into the Rotating combustion air flow flowing into the burner. The Ignition of the combustion mixture that occurs takes place in the area of Burner mouth instead, the flame front in this area by a Backflow zone is stabilized. For this purpose, the premix burner consists of at least two hollow partial cone bodies, radially offset from each other, with tangential air inlet slots and an increasing in the direction of flow, hollow cone-shaped interior. The liquid fuel nozzle is also connected to a fuel lance serving the fuel supply.

Insbesondere liefert dieses Verfahren eine Form von Flüssigkeitsspray mit einem kleinen Einspritzwinkel, welcher mit dem kleinen Öffnungswinkel des Vormischbrenners optimal zusammenwirkt. Dadurch sind ideale Voraussetzungen für die Verbrennung von Flüssigbrennstoff mittels eines derart ausgebildeten Vormischbrenners geschaffen.In particular, this method provides a form of liquid spray with a small injection angle, which with the small opening angle of the premix burner interacts optimally. This creates ideal conditions for the Combustion of liquid fuel by means of a premix burner designed in this way created.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungBrief description of the drawing

In der Zeichnung sind mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand eines in der Brennkammer einer Gasturbinenanlage eingesetzten Vormischbrenners mit einer erfindungsgemässen Flüssigbrennstoffdüse dargestellt.In the drawing, several embodiments of the invention based on a premix burner used in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine system represented a liquid fuel nozzle according to the invention.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Vormischbrenner im Längsschnitt;
Fig. 2
einen Schnitt durch den Vormischbrenner entlang der Pfeile II-II in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
einen vergrösserten Ausschnitt der Fig. 1, im Bereich der Flüssigbrennstoffdüse;
Fig. 4
eine Darstellung gemäss Fig. 3, jedoch in einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel;
Fig. 5
eine Darstellung des Vormischbrenners entsprechend Fig. 4, jedoch gemäss einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a premix burner in longitudinal section;
Fig. 2
a section through the premix burner along the arrows II-II in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
an enlarged section of Figure 1, in the area of the liquid fuel nozzle.
Fig. 4
a representation of Figure 3, but in a second embodiment.
Fig. 5
an illustration of the premix burner according to FIG. 4, but according to a further embodiment.

Es sind nur die für das Verständnis der Erfindung wesentlichen Elemente gezeigt. Nicht dargestellt sind von der Gasturbinenanlage beispielsweise der Verdichter und die Gasturbine. Die Strömungsrichtung der Arbeitsmittel ist mit Pfeilen bezeichnet.Only the elements essential for understanding the invention are shown. The gas turbine system, for example, does not show the compressor and the gas turbine. The direction of flow of the work equipment is indicated by arrows.

Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungWay of carrying out the invention

Die nicht dargestellte Gasturbinenanlage besteht aus einem Verdichter, einer Gasturbine und einer Brennkammer 1. In der Brennkammer 1 sind mehrere sowohl zum Betrieb mit Flüssigbrennstoff 2 als auch mit gasförmigem Brennstoff 3 geeignete und als Doppelkegelbrenner ausgebildete Vormischbrenner 4 angeordnet. Die Doppelkegelbrenner 4 bestehen jeweils aus zwei halben, hohlen Teilkegelkörpem 5, 6 mit je einer Innenwand 7, 8. Beide Innenwände 7, 8 schliessen einen sich in Strömungsrichtung vergrössemden, hohlkegelförmigen Innenraum 9 ein (Fig. 1). Die Teilkegelkörper 5, 6 besitzen jeweils eine versetzt zur anderen angeordnete Mittelachse 10, 11 (Fig. 2). Dadurch liegen sie radial versetzt zueinander, aufeinander und bilden beidseitig des Doppelkegelbrenners 4 einen tangentialen Lufteintrittschlitz 12, 13 aus, durch welchen Verbrennungsluft 14 in den Innenraum 9 einströmt. Beide Teilkegelkörper 5, 6 haben je einen zylindrischen Anfangsteil 15, 16. Die Anfangsteile 15, 16 sind analog den Teilkegelkörpern 5, 6 versetzt zueinander angeordnet (Fig. 1). In die Anfangsteile 15, 16 und in den Innenraum 9 hineinragend ist ein als eine zentrale Flüssigbrennstoffdüse 17 ausgebildetes Endstück einer der Brennstoffversorgung des Doppelkegelbrenners 4 dienenden Brennstofflanze 18 angeordnet. Die Flüssigbrennstoffdüse 17 weist eine kreisrunde Einspritzöffnung 19 auf (Fig. 2).The gas turbine plant, not shown, consists of a compressor, one Gas turbine and a combustion chamber 1. In the combustion chamber 1 there are several both for operation with liquid fuel 2 as well as with gaseous fuel 3 suitable and designed as a double-cone pre-mix burner 4. The double-cone burners 4 each consist of two half, hollow partial cone bodies 5, 6, each with an inner wall 7, 8. Close both inner walls 7, 8 a hollow cone-shaped interior 9 that increases in the flow direction a (Fig. 1). The partial cone bodies 5, 6 each have an offset to the other arranged central axis 10, 11 (Fig. 2). As a result, they are radially offset from one another, on each other and form a tangential on both sides of the double-cone burner 4 Air inlet slot 12, 13 through which combustion air 14 into the Interior 9 flows. Both partial cone bodies 5, 6 each have a cylindrical one Initial part 15, 16. The initial parts 15, 16 are analogous to the partial cone bodies 5, 6 staggered (Fig. 1). In the beginning parts 15, 16 and in the interior 9 protrudes as a central liquid fuel nozzle 17 End piece of a fuel supply to the double cone burner 4 Fuel lance 18 arranged. The liquid fuel nozzle 17 has one circular injection opening 19 on (Fig. 2).

In einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel besteht die Brennstofflanze 18 aus einer zentralen Flüssigbrennstoffleitung 20 und einer radial ausserhalb dieser und koaxial zu ihr angeordneten Wasserzuleitung 21. Stromauf der Einspritzöffnung 19 ist eine Mischzone 22 ausgebildet und mittels einer senkrecht angeordneten, kreisrunden Platte 23 von der Flüssigbrennstoffleitung 20 getrennt. Die Platte 23 weist mehrere axiale Verbindungsöffnungen 24 zwischen der Flüssigbrennstoffleitung 20 sowie der Mischzone 22 und die Wasserzuleitung 21 mehrere radiale Durchgangsöffnungen 25 zur Mischzone 22 auf. Die Mischzone 22 besitzt ein trichterartig ausgebildetes Übergangsstück 26 zur Einspritzöffnung 19. Letztere weist eine Führungslänge I sowie einen Durchmesser d und ein Verhältnis Führungslänge zu Durchmesser von 4 auf (Fig. 3).In a first exemplary embodiment, the fuel lance 18 consists of a central liquid fuel line 20 and one radially outside of this and coaxial to the water supply line 21 arranged upstream of the injection opening 19 a mixing zone 22 is formed and by means of a vertically arranged, circular plate 23 separated from the liquid fuel line 20. Plate 23 has a plurality of axial connection openings 24 between the liquid fuel line 20 and the mixing zone 22 and the water supply line 21 several radial Through openings 25 to the mixing zone 22. The mixing zone 22 has one funnel-shaped transition piece 26 to the injection opening 19. The latter has a guide length I and a diameter d and a ratio of the guide length to diameter from 4 to (Fig. 3).

Der Doppelkegelbrenner 4 wird über die Flüssigbrennstoffleitung 20 mit als Flüssigbrennstoff 2 eingesetztem Brennöl und über die Wasserzuleitung 21 mit Wasser 27 versorgt. Dabei werden das Brennöl 2 und das Wasser 27 separat zur Flüssigbrennstoffdüse 17 transportiert. Erst in der Mischzone 22 erfolgt die Vermischung von Brennöl 2 und Wasser 27, durch senkrechtes Eindüsen des Wassers 27 in das Brennöl 2. Da in diesem Fall jedoch Brennöl als Flüssigbrennstoff 2 verwendet wird, kommt es nicht zur Ausbildung einer regelrechten Mischung, sondern zu einer Flüssigbrennstoff-Wasser-Emulsion 28. Die Flüssigbrennstoff-Wasser-Emulsion 28 wird durch die zentrale Einspritzöffnung 19, mit einem Einspritzwinkel α von weniger als 10°, in den Innenraum 9 eingedüst (Fig. 1). Aufgrund dieses engen Einspritzwinkels entsteht im Innenraum 9 des Doppelkegelbrenners 4 ein zunächst sehr kompakter Vollstrahl 29, der erst stromab öffnet und bei dem die Brennstofftröpfchen gleichmässig über den gesamten Querschnitt verteilt sind. Im Gegensatz zu dem im Stand der Technik bei Doppelkegelbrennern genutzten, hohlkegelförmigen Brennstoffspray weist ein solcher Vollstrahl 29 in seinem Zentrum jedoch ausreichend axiale Impulse auf, so dass die Brennstofftröpfchen nicht an die Innenwände 7, 8 der Teilkegelkörper 5, 6 getragen werden. Zudem kann diese Wirkung durch eine relative hohe Eindüsgeschwindigkeit des Brennöls 2 und des Wassers 27 noch verstärkt werden. Bei der natürlich ebenfalls möglichen Verwendung eines mit Wasser 27 mischbaren Flüssigbrennstoffs 2 entsteht in der Mischzone 22 keine Emulsion aus Flüssigbrennstoff 2 und Wasser 27, sondern eine entsprechende Flüssigbrennstoff-Wasser-Mischung 28. The double-cone burner 4 is also used as liquid fuel via the liquid fuel line 20 2 used fuel oil and the water supply line 21 with water 27 supplied. The fuel oil 2 and the water 27 are separately Liquid fuel nozzle 17 transported. Mixing takes place only in the mixing zone 22 of fuel oil 2 and water 27, by injecting the water vertically 27 into the fuel oil 2. However, since in this case fuel oil is the liquid fuel 2 is used, it does not form a proper mixture, but to a liquid fuel-water emulsion 28. The liquid fuel-water emulsion 28 is through the central injection opening 19, with an injection angle α of less than 10 °, injected into the interior 9 (Fig. 1). by virtue of this narrow injection angle occurs in the interior 9 of the double-cone burner 4 an initially very compact full jet 29 which only opens downstream and at which the fuel droplets are evenly distributed over the entire cross-section. In contrast to that used in the prior art for double-cone burners, Such a full jet 29 has a hollow cone-shaped fuel spray in its center however, have sufficient axial momentum so that the fuel droplets do not on the inner walls 7, 8 of the partial cone body 5, 6 are carried. It can also this effect due to a relatively high injection speed of the fuel oil 2 and the water 27 to be reinforced. With the of course also possible Use of a liquid fuel 2 miscible with water 27 arises in the Mixing zone 22 not an emulsion of liquid fuel 2 and water 27, but one corresponding liquid fuel / water mixture 28.

Der Vollstrahl 29 breitet sich im Innenraum 9 des Doppelkegelbrenners 4 in Strömungsrichtung gleichmässig aus und nimmt somit schliesslich eine kegelförmige Gestalt an. Dabei wird der Vollstrahl 29 von der durch die tangentialen Lufteintrittschlitze 12, 13 einströmenden, rotierenden Verbrennungsluft 14 umschlossen. Die Zündung des entstehenden Brennstoffgemisches erfolgt im Bereich der Brennermündung, wobei sich eine Flammenfront 30 ausbildet, die ihrerseits im Bereich der Brennermündung durch eine Rückströmzone 31 stabilisiert wird.The full jet 29 spreads in the interior 9 of the double-cone burner 4 in the direction of flow evenly and ultimately takes on a conical shape Shape. The full jet 29 of the through the tangential air inlet slots 12, 13 flowing, rotating combustion air 14 enclosed. The The resulting fuel mixture is ignited in the area of the burner orifice, whereby a flame front 30 forms, which in turn in the area the burner mouth is stabilized by a backflow zone 31.

In einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel wird ein Quotient von der Führungslänge zum Durchmesser der Einspritzöffnung von l/d = 10 erreicht, wodurch die der Flüssigbrennstoff-Wasser-Emulsion 28 innewohnende Turbulenz beruhigt wird. Zudem sind die Flüssigbrennstoffleitung 20 axial und die Wasserzuleitung 21 kegelförmig in die Mischzone 22 einmündend angeordnet (Fig. 4). Dadurch wird das Wasser 27 schräg in den Flüssigbrennstoff 2 eingeleitet so dass ein Druckverlust beim Übergang zur Mischzone 22 verhindert werden kann. Demnach wird der gesamte verfügbare Druckverlust über die Einspritzöffnung 19 zur Injektion der Flüssigbrennstoff-Wasser-Emulsion 28 in den Innenraum 9 des Vormischbrenners 4 genutzt, was einen kleinen Einspritzwinkel und damit einen Vollstrahl 29 zur Folge hat. Alle weiteren Abläufe erfolgen analog dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel.In a second embodiment, a quotient of the guide length reached to the diameter of the injection opening of l / d = 10, whereby the Liquid fuel-water emulsion 28 inherent turbulence is calmed. In addition, the liquid fuel line 20 is axial and the water supply line 21 is conical arranged opening into the mixing zone 22 (FIG. 4). This will make it Water 27 introduced obliquely into the liquid fuel 2 so that a pressure loss can be prevented at the transition to the mixing zone 22. So the whole available pressure loss via the injection opening 19 for the injection of the liquid fuel-water emulsion 28 into the interior 9 of the premix burner 4 used, which results in a small injection angle and thus a full jet 29 Has. All other processes are carried out analogously to the first embodiment.

In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel wird eine alternative Lösung mit im wesentlichen gleichen Wirkungen dargestellt, bei der gegenüber dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel lediglich die Anordnung der Flüssigbrennstoffleitung 20 und der Wasserzuleitung 21 in der Brennstofflanze 18 vertauscht sind (Fig. 5). Damit kann beim Betrieb ohne Wasser 27 eine bessere Zerstäubung erreicht werden.In another embodiment, an alternative solution is essentially same effects shown in the compared to the second embodiment only the arrangement of the liquid fuel line 20 and the Water supply line 21 are interchanged in the fuel lance 18 (Fig. 5). So that can better atomization can be achieved when operating without water 27.

Natürlich kann die Einspritzöffnung 19 entsprechend den konkreten Einsatzbedingungen des Doppelkegelbrenners 4 auch eine andere geeignete Form und der genannte Quotient von Führungslänge I und Durchmesser d einen anderen Betrag, etwa von 2 bis 20 haben. Selbstverständlich kann der Doppelkegelbrenner 4 rein kegelig, d.h. ohne die zylindrischen Anfangsteile 15, 16 ausgebildet werden. Of course, the injection opening 19 can correspond to the specific operating conditions the double cone burner 4 also another suitable shape and the quotient of guide length I and diameter d another amount, about 2 to 20. Of course, the double-cone burner 4 purely conical, i.e. without the cylindrical starting parts 15, 16 are formed.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Brennkammercombustion chamber
22
Flüssigbrennstoff, BrennölLiquid fuel, fuel oil
33
gasförmiger Brennstoffgaseous fuel
44
Vormischbrenner, DoppelkegelbrennerPremix burner, double cone burner
55
TeilkegelkörperPartial conical bodies
66
TeilkegelkörperPartial conical bodies
77
Innenwandinner wall
88th
Innenwandinner wall
99
Innenrauminner space
1010
Mittelachsecentral axis
1111
Mittelachsecentral axis
1212
LufteintrittschlitzAir inlet slot
1313
LufteintrittschlitzAir inlet slot
1414
Verbrennungsluft, VerbrennungsluftstromCombustion air, combustion air flow
1515
Anfangsteil, zylindrischInitial part, cylindrical
1616
Anfangsteil, zylindrischInitial part, cylindrical
1717
Flüssigbrennstoffdüse, EndstückLiquid fuel nozzle, end piece
1818
Brennstofflanzefuel lance
1919
EinspritzöffnungInjection port
2020
FlüssigbrennstoffleitungLiquid fuel line
2121
Wasserzuleitungwater supply
2222
Mischzonemixing zone
2323
Platteplate
2424
Verbindungsöffnungconnecting opening
2525
DurchgangsöffnungThrough opening
2626
ÜbergangsstückTransition piece
2727
Wasserwater
2828
Flüssigbrennstoff-Wasser-Mischung, Flüssigbrennstoff-Wasser-Emulsion Liquid fuel-water mixture, liquid fuel-water emulsion
2929
Vollstrahljet
3030
Flammenfrontflame front
3131
Rückströmzonebackflow
II
Führungslängeguide length
dd
Durchmesserdiameter

Claims (13)

  1. Method for operating a premix burner with liquid fuel (2) and water (27), the premix burner (4) having an inner chamber (9) and a liquid-fuel nozzle (17) which opens out centrally into the latter,
    the liquid fuel (2) and the water (27) being conveyed separately to the liquid-fuel nozzle (17),
    being mixed in a mixing zone (22) within the liquid-fuel nozzle (17) to form a liquid-fuel/water mixture (28) and
    the liquid-fuel/water mixture (28) then being injected into the inner chamber (9) of the premix burner (4) in a plain jet (29) with an injection angle α of less than 10°.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the water (27) is introduced into the liquid fuel (2).
  3. Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that the water (27) is introduced perpendicularly into the liquid fuel (2).
  4. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the liquid fuel (2) is introduced into the water (27).
  5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the plain jet (29), which widens out in the direction of flow in the inner chamber (9) of the premix burner (4), is surrounded by a rotating combustion-air flow (14) which flows tangentially into the premix burner (4), the mixture is ignited in the region of the burner mouth and the flame front (30) is stabilized in this region by a back-flow zone (31).
  6. Premix burner for operation with liquid fuel (2) and water (27), as set forth in one of Claims 1 to 5, having an inner chamber (9) and a liquid-fuel nozzle (17) which opens out centrally into the inner chamber, characterized in that
    a) the liquid-fuel nozzle (17), which opens out centrally into the inner chamber (9), is equipped with a simple injection opening (19),
    b) a mixing zone (22) is formed upstream of the injection opening (19), within the liquid-fuel nozzle (17),
    c) a liquid-fuel line (20) and a water feed line (21) open out into the mixing zone (22).
  7. Premix burner according to Claim 6, characterized in that the liquid-fuel line (20) and the water feed line (21) are together arranged in a fuel lance (18), the fuel lance (18) has an end piece which is designed as a liquid-fuel nozzle (17), and the injection opening (19) and the mixing zone (22) are arranged in this end piece.
  8. Premix burner according to Claim 7, characterized in that the water feed line (21) is formed radially outside the liquid-fuel line (20) and coaxially with respect to the latter, and the mixing zone (22) is separated from the liquid-fuel line (20) by means of a plate (23), the plate (23) having at least one axial connection opening (24) between liquid-fuel line (20) and mixing zone (22) and the water feed line (21) having at least one radial passage opening (25) to the mixing zone (22).
  9. Premix burner according to Claim 8, characterized in that the mixing zone (22) has a transition piece (26), which is of funnel-like design, leading to the injection opening (19).
  10. Premix burner according to Claim 7, characterized in that the liquid-fuel line (20) is arranged so as to open axially into the mixing zone (22) and the water feed line (21) is arranged so as to open conically into the mixing zone (22).
  11. Premix burner according to Claim 7, characterized in that the water feed line (21) is arranged so as to open axially into the mixing zone (22) and the liquid-fuel line (20) is arranged so as to open conically into the mixing zone (22).
  12. Premix burner according to one of Claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the injection opening (19) has a guide length (1) and a diameter (d) which are designed with a ratio of 2 ≤ l/d ≤ 20.
  13. Premix burner according to one of Claims 6 to 12, characterized in that the premix burner (4) comprises at least two hollow part-cone bodies (5, 6), which are arranged radially offset with respect to one another, having a hollow-cone-shaped inner chamber (9) which increases in size in the direction of flow, and the burner has tangential air-inlet slots (12, 13) and the liquid-fuel nozzle (17) is connected to a fuel lance (18) which serves to supply the fuel.
EP97810801A 1997-10-27 1997-10-27 Method for operating a premix burner and premix burner Expired - Lifetime EP0911582B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE59711110T DE59711110D1 (en) 1997-10-27 1997-10-27 Method of operating a premix burner and premix burner
EP97810801A EP0911582B1 (en) 1997-10-27 1997-10-27 Method for operating a premix burner and premix burner
JP30386398A JP4664451B2 (en) 1997-10-27 1998-10-26 Equipment for operating a premix burner
CNB981250637A CN1143074C (en) 1997-10-27 1998-10-26 Method and device for operating premixed combustion device
US09/179,462 US6132202A (en) 1997-10-27 1998-10-27 Method and device for operating a premix burner

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97810801A EP0911582B1 (en) 1997-10-27 1997-10-27 Method for operating a premix burner and premix burner

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0911582A1 EP0911582A1 (en) 1999-04-28
EP0911582B1 true EP0911582B1 (en) 2003-12-10

Family

ID=8230442

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97810801A Expired - Lifetime EP0911582B1 (en) 1997-10-27 1997-10-27 Method for operating a premix burner and premix burner

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6132202A (en)
EP (1) EP0911582B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4664451B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1143074C (en)
DE (1) DE59711110D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0924459A1 (en) * 1997-12-17 1999-06-23 Asea Brown Boveri AG Method and apparatus for injecting a mixture of fuel end liquid into a combustor
US6598801B1 (en) * 2000-11-17 2003-07-29 General Electric Company Methods and apparatus for injecting water into gas turbine engines
US7832365B2 (en) * 2005-09-07 2010-11-16 Fives North American Combustion, Inc. Submerged combustion vaporizer with low NOx
US8196408B2 (en) * 2009-10-09 2012-06-12 General Electric Company System and method for distributing fuel in a turbomachine
CH703655A1 (en) * 2010-08-27 2012-02-29 Alstom Technology Ltd Premix FOR A GAS TURBINE.
EP2434221A1 (en) * 2010-09-22 2012-03-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and arrangement for injecting an emulsion into a flame
US8850822B2 (en) 2011-01-24 2014-10-07 General Electric Company System for pre-mixing in a fuel nozzle
US9371989B2 (en) * 2011-05-18 2016-06-21 General Electric Company Combustor nozzle and method for supplying fuel to a combustor
US8899969B2 (en) 2011-06-09 2014-12-02 Gas Technology Institute Method and system for low-NOx dual-fuel combustion of liquid and/or gaseous fuels
US8973366B2 (en) * 2011-10-24 2015-03-10 General Electric Company Integrated fuel and water mixing assembly for use in conjunction with a combustor
CN109578144A (en) * 2018-12-07 2019-04-05 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 Aero-engine cold air distribution device
CN112108283A (en) * 2020-09-08 2020-12-22 杭州浙大天元科技有限公司 High-viscosity waste liquid emulsification and atomization integrated spray gun and high-viscosity waste liquid atomization method

Family Cites Families (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE257016C (en) *
US715044A (en) * 1902-05-24 1902-12-02 James Fisher Oil-burner.
US771464A (en) * 1902-09-24 1904-10-04 Andrew C Cunningham Injector-burner.
DE321809C (en) 1913-09-25 1920-06-15 Thomas Kemplay Irwin Treatment of waste water by adding yeast
US1369688A (en) * 1919-07-14 1921-02-22 Ronald D Mayer Oil-burner
US1450881A (en) * 1921-06-16 1923-04-03 George F Allen Hydrocarbon-oil burner
US1655222A (en) * 1925-12-08 1928-01-03 Hauck Mfg Co Atomizing nozzle
US2566040A (en) * 1947-09-26 1951-08-28 New York Central Railroad Co Fuel burning method and burner
US2635009A (en) * 1948-05-22 1953-04-14 Surface Combustion Corp Oil atomizer for burners
US3059860A (en) * 1959-11-17 1962-10-23 Hugo Boskamp Atomizing nozzle assembly
US3088854A (en) * 1960-11-08 1963-05-07 Air Reduction Methods and apparatus for cutting
US3814567A (en) * 1972-02-22 1974-06-04 Zink Co John Smokeless flare using liquid water particles
CA1060774A (en) * 1975-08-27 1979-08-21 Esso Societe Anonyme Francaise Atomizer and uses thereof
US4214435A (en) * 1977-07-25 1980-07-29 General Electric Company Method for reducing nitrous oxide emissions from a gas turbine engine
CH636023A5 (en) * 1979-04-24 1983-05-13 Labomeka Anstalt Pipe for injecting and spraying liquid waste (residues)
US4416610A (en) * 1980-03-14 1983-11-22 Hydroil, Inc. Water-in-oil emulsifier and oil-burner boiler system incorporating such emulsifier
US4395874A (en) * 1980-12-02 1983-08-02 United Technologies Corporation Fuel nozzles with water injection for gas turbine engines
US4389848A (en) * 1981-01-12 1983-06-28 United Technologies Corporation Burner construction for gas turbines
JPS59225207A (en) * 1983-06-02 1984-12-18 Akio Tanaka Combustion method and device therefor
JPS63148012A (en) * 1986-12-08 1988-06-20 Yoji Yamada Nozzle for premixed combustion of fuel oil and water
US4893468A (en) * 1987-11-30 1990-01-16 General Electric Company Emissions control for gas turbine engine
CH674561A5 (en) * 1987-12-21 1990-06-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
WO1991019944A1 (en) * 1990-06-14 1991-12-26 Kiichi Hirata Device for making emulsion and combustion system thereof
CH682009A5 (en) * 1990-11-02 1993-06-30 Asea Brown Boveri
DE4306956A1 (en) 1993-03-05 1994-09-08 Abb Management Ag Fuel feed for a gas turbine
DE4401097B4 (en) * 1994-01-17 2004-10-21 Alstom Process for reducing NOX emissions and device for carrying out the process
DE19536837B4 (en) * 1995-10-02 2006-01-26 Alstom Apparatus and method for injecting fuels into compressed gaseous media
DE19608349A1 (en) * 1996-03-05 1997-09-11 Abb Research Ltd Pressure atomizer nozzle
US5681162A (en) * 1996-09-23 1997-10-28 Nabors, Jr.; James K. Low pressure atomizer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH11201412A (en) 1999-07-30
DE59711110D1 (en) 2004-01-22
CN1218888A (en) 1999-06-09
CN1143074C (en) 2004-03-24
JP4664451B2 (en) 2011-04-06
US6132202A (en) 2000-10-17
EP0911582A1 (en) 1999-04-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0911583B1 (en) Method of operating a premix burner
EP0902233B1 (en) Combined pressurised atomising nozzle
DE19536837B4 (en) Apparatus and method for injecting fuels into compressed gaseous media
EP0610722B1 (en) Burner for an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbine plant or a furnace
EP0892212B1 (en) Pressure spray nozzle
EP0794383B1 (en) Method of operating a pressurised atomising nozzle
EP0849532B1 (en) Method of operating a burner
DE2143012A1 (en) Burner systems
WO2006042796A2 (en) Gas turbine burner
EP1030109B1 (en) Fuel injector for injecting liquid and/or gas fuels in a combustion chamber
EP2058590A1 (en) Method for operating a burner
EP0911582B1 (en) Method for operating a premix burner and premix burner
EP0711953B1 (en) Premix burner
EP0924460B1 (en) Two-stage pressurised atomising nozzle
EP0394800B1 (en) Premix burner for generating a hot gas
DE4424639A1 (en) Method and device for fuel distribution in a burner suitable for both liquid and gaseous fuels
WO2007110298A1 (en) Burner for the operation of a heat generator
EP0718550B1 (en) Injection nozzle
EP0924461B1 (en) Two-stage pressurised atomising nozzle
EP0742411B1 (en) Air supply for a premix combustor
EP0908671A1 (en) Combustion process for gaseous, liquid fuels and fuels having medium or low calorific value in a burner
DE2552864A1 (en) PROCEDURE AND BURNER FOR BURNING LIQUID FUEL
DE4408256A1 (en) Method and device for flame stabilization of premix burners
DE19855069A1 (en) Liquid fuel preparation unit for burners has hollow cavity inside lance shaped for enlarged volume flow to control air flow
DE19542164A1 (en) Burner with premixing of gaseous or liquid fuel in air

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE GB

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Free format text: AL;LT;LV;RO;SI

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19990920

AKX Designation fees paid

Free format text: DE GB

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20010424

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: ALSTOM

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: ALSTOM (SWITZERLAND) LTD

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

RTI1 Title (correction)

Free format text: METHOD FOR OPERATING A PREMIX BURNER AND PREMIX BURNER

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE GB

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59711110

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20040122

Kind code of ref document: P

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 20040226

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20040913

APAH Appeal reference modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCREFNO

APBU Appeal procedure closed

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNNOA9O

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R082

Ref document number: 59711110

Country of ref document: DE

Representative=s name: UWE ROESLER, DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 732E

Free format text: REGISTERED BETWEEN 20120802 AND 20120808

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R082

Ref document number: 59711110

Country of ref document: DE

Representative=s name: ROESLER, UWE, DIPL.-PHYS.UNIV., DE

Effective date: 20120713

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R081

Ref document number: 59711110

Country of ref document: DE

Owner name: ANSALDO ENERGIA SWITZERLAND AG, CH

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: ALSTOM (SWITZERLAND) LTD., BADEN, CH

Effective date: 20120713

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R081

Ref document number: 59711110

Country of ref document: DE

Owner name: GENERAL ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY GMBH, CH

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: ALSTOM (SWITZERLAND) LTD., BADEN, CH

Effective date: 20120713

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R081

Ref document number: 59711110

Country of ref document: DE

Owner name: ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD., CH

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: ALSTOM (SWITZERLAND) LTD., BADEN, CH

Effective date: 20120713

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R082

Ref document number: 59711110

Country of ref document: DE

Representative=s name: ROESLER, UWE, DIPL.-PHYS.UNIV., DE

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R081

Ref document number: 59711110

Country of ref document: DE

Owner name: ANSALDO ENERGIA SWITZERLAND AG, CH

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD., BADEN, CH

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R081

Ref document number: 59711110

Country of ref document: DE

Owner name: GENERAL ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY GMBH, CH

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD., BADEN, CH

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20161020

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20161020

Year of fee payment: 20

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 732E

Free format text: REGISTERED BETWEEN 20170824 AND 20170830

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R082

Ref document number: 59711110

Country of ref document: DE

Representative=s name: ROESLER, UWE, DIPL.-PHYS.UNIV., DE

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R081

Ref document number: 59711110

Country of ref document: DE

Owner name: ANSALDO ENERGIA SWITZERLAND AG, CH

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: GENERAL ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY GMBH, BADEN, CH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R071

Ref document number: 59711110

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: PE20

Expiry date: 20171026

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20171026