EP0910713A1 - Building bricks - Google Patents

Building bricks

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Publication number
EP0910713A1
EP0910713A1 EP98914699A EP98914699A EP0910713A1 EP 0910713 A1 EP0910713 A1 EP 0910713A1 EP 98914699 A EP98914699 A EP 98914699A EP 98914699 A EP98914699 A EP 98914699A EP 0910713 A1 EP0910713 A1 EP 0910713A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
concrete
semi
predetermined breaking
finished product
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98914699A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Reinhard Bayer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0910713A1 publication Critical patent/EP0910713A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/041—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres composed of a number of smaller elements, e.g. bricks, also combined with a slab of hardenable material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/026—Splittable building elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wall tile for cladding concrete structures, such as walls, ceilings, vaults or the like, and a semi-finished product for forming such wall tiles.
  • the invention further relates to a particularly suitable application for these wall tiles, etc. a precast wall element, especially for building vaults.
  • brick is understood to mean all ceramic materials used as building materials, such as are obtained, for example, by burning loamy or clayey masses with any additives, one or more times.
  • the production of brick masonry on site by conventional masonry is costly and time consuming.
  • the load-bearing capacity of cantilever brick masonry is limited.
  • the aim of the invention is to combine the advantages of brick building (heat and sound insulation properties, biological properties, attractive appearance) with the advantages of concrete construction (quick and inexpensive production, strength, formability, etc.).
  • a special wall tile for cladding concrete buildings which is characterized in that the side of the wall tile facing the concrete is provided with at least one undercut recess for receiving the concrete in its still pourable state.
  • a mixed construction can be built up, which is composed of a load-bearing concrete basic construction and a cladding brick construction, the bricks being firmly anchored in the concrete due to the undercuts.
  • each recess is a dovetail groove that runs over the entire height of the side and is formed to approximately half the depth of the wall tile, with preferably rounded and / or chamfered corners, which results in particularly intimate interlocking with the concrete.
  • Another aspect of the invention is the creation of a special semi-finished product which can be provided as an intermediate product in the manufacture of such wall tiles and which is based on a conventional wall tile which is provided with openings which form a predetermined breaking level for the wall tile.
  • the semifinished product according to the invention is characterized in that at least one of the openings has a cross-sectional shape which is tailored in the predetermined breaking plane.
  • the semi-finished product can be divided by the end user on site or in prefabrication and embedded in concrete. Another advantage of the semi-finished product is that it can be produced on conventional brick extrusion lines.
  • each of the above-mentioned opening has a cross-section in the form of two trapezoids abutting their top sides, preferably with rounded and / or chamfered corners, so that wall bricks with dovetail grooves are formed after they have been divided.
  • the predetermined breaking level additionally contains small-diameter openings such as round cross-sections, which makes it easier to split the brick.
  • the predetermined breaking level contains parting lines between the openings in order to further facilitate the division. Separation joints of this type can be produced, for example, with the aid of corresponding transverse webs in the extrusion nozzle.
  • the semifinished product is provided on the outside with a notch running in the predetermined breaking plane, which facilitates the placement of a dividing tool, for example a wedge, chisel or the like, for dividing the brick in the predetermined breaking plane.
  • a dividing tool for example a wedge, chisel or the like.
  • the materials of the prefabricated concrete part and the wall tiles are preferably matched to one another with regard to the thermal expansion coefficient, their capillary action, their modulus of elasticity, etc.
  • the precast concrete part is made from lightweight concrete, which results in a better approximation to the properties of brick material.
  • lightweight concrete are concretes with appropriate additives such as expanded clay, Leca® stones, brick chippings, pumice or the like. Roger that.
  • the wall tiles are made of clinker, which gives a corresponding approximation to the properties of concrete.
  • a particularly favorable combination of materials is therefore lightweight concrete / clinker.
  • Fig. 1 shows a partial cross section through a precast wall element according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a semi-finished product according to the invention in cross section.
  • the precast concrete wall element 1 shown in detail in FIG. 1 is composed of wall bricks 2, which are partially embedded in a masonry-like grouping with adherence to joints 3 in a side 4 of a concrete base structure 5.
  • the concrete base structure 5 is, for example, a wall module for building a vault, and the side 4 is intended for the inside of the vault.
  • the wall tiles 2 are provided on their side facing the concrete 6 with undercut recesses 7, which are completely filled by the concrete during the pouring of the basic structure 5, and protrude with their opposite side 8 over the side 4 of the basic structure 5, so that the latter "dress up".
  • the recesses 7 each extend over the entire height of the wall tile 2 and extend to approximately half the depth of the wall tile 2.
  • the recesses 7 can have any type of undercut, in the case shown they are designed as dovetail grooves with chamfered corners 9.
  • the semi-finished product 10 essentially has the shape of a conventional brick, which is provided with openings 11, 12 which are essentially aligned with one another in a plane 13 , so that level 13 results in a predetermined breaking level for the brick.
  • the semi-finished product 10 can be divided into two halves along the predetermined breaking level 13, each of which results in a wall tile 2.
  • Every second opening 11 has the cross-sectional shape of two mutually facing recesses 7, i.e. the shape of two trapezoids or dovetails with chamfered corners, butting together with their top sides.
  • the other openings 12 lying in the predetermined breaking plane 13 are of small diameter and have any, e.g. round cross section.
  • the openings 12 can be formed like the perforations of conventional perforated bricks or formed by them themselves; they serve not only to form the predetermined breaking level 13, but also as convection openings during the firing of the brick.
  • separating joints 14 are arranged between the openings 11, 12, which can be produced by crossbars, wires or blades in the extrusion die which is used to produce the semi-finished product 10.
  • the semifinished product 10 is provided on the outside with a notch 15 running in the predetermined breaking plane 13, which notch is used to attach a dividing tool, e.g. a wedge, chisel or the like. Relieved.
  • the invention is of course not limited to the exemplary embodiments shown.
  • the number, size, shape and grouping of the recesses 7 or openings 11, 12 can vary as long as they allow an intimate interlocking with the concrete base structure 5 when the wall tiles 2 are installed.
  • the outer shape of the wall tile 2 or the semi-finished product 10 can be designed in the manner of conventional bricks, and it is also possible to use inner chambers and ca channels are provided, as are generally known for bricks.
  • the waisted shape of the cross-sectional shape of the openings 11 can be of any design, for example in the form of an "8" which is not closed in the middle, in the form of two partially overlapping circular cross sections or the like.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

This invention concerns building bricks (2) for cladding concrete structures (5), such as walls, ceilings, arches or similar structures; the side of the building brick (2) to be turned towards the concrete is provided with at least one undercut recess (7) for receiving concrete in its pourable state.

Description

Wandziegel Wall brick
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Wandziegel zur Verkleidung von Betonbauten, wie Wänden, Decken, Gewölben od. dgl., sowie ein Halbzeug zur Bildung derartiger Wandziegel. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine besonders geeignete Anwendungsmöglichkeit für diese Wandziegel, u.zw. ein Betonfertigteil-Wandelement, insbesondere zum Aufbau von Gewölben.The present invention relates to a wall tile for cladding concrete structures, such as walls, ceilings, vaults or the like, and a semi-finished product for forming such wall tiles. The invention further relates to a particularly suitable application for these wall tiles, etc. a precast wall element, especially for building vaults.
In der vorliegenden Beschreibung und den anschließenden Ansprüchen werden unter dem Oberbegriff "Ziegel" alle als Baustoffe verwendeten keramischen Werkstoffe verstanden, wie sie beispielsweise durch ein- oder mehrmaliges Brennen von lehmigen oder tonigen Massen mit allfälligen Zuschlagstoffen erhalten werden. Die Herstellung von Ziegelmauerwerk vor Ort durch herkömmliches Aufmauern ist kosten- und zeitaufwendig. Darüber hinaus ist die Tragfähigkeit von auskragendem Ziegelmauerwerk begrenzt.In the present description and the subsequent claims, the generic term “brick” is understood to mean all ceramic materials used as building materials, such as are obtained, for example, by burning loamy or clayey masses with any additives, one or more times. The production of brick masonry on site by conventional masonry is costly and time consuming. In addition, the load-bearing capacity of cantilever brick masonry is limited.
Die Erfindung setzt sich zum Ziel, die Vorteile des Zie- gelbaus (Wärme- und Schalldämmeigenschaften, wohnbiologische Eigenschaften, ansprechendes Äußeres) mit den Vorteilen des Be- tonbaus (rasche und kostengünstige Fertigung, Festigkeit, Formbarkeit usw.) zu verbinden.The aim of the invention is to combine the advantages of brick building (heat and sound insulation properties, biological properties, attractive appearance) with the advantages of concrete construction (quick and inexpensive production, strength, formability, etc.).
Dieses Ziel wird mit einem speziellen Wandziegel zur Ver- kleidung von Betonbauten erreicht, der sich dadurch auszeichnet, daß die dem Beton zuzuwendende Seite des Wandziegels mit zumindest einer hinterschnittenen Ausnehmung zur Aufnahme des Betons in seinem noch gießfähigen Zustand versehen ist. Auf diese Weise kann eine Mischkonstruktion aufgebaut werden, wel- ehe sich aus einer tragenden Betongrundkonstruktion und einer verkleidenden Ziegelkonstruktion zusammensetzt, wobei die Ziegel auf Grund der Hinterschneidungen im Beton fest verankert sind.This goal is achieved with a special wall tile for cladding concrete buildings, which is characterized in that the side of the wall tile facing the concrete is provided with at least one undercut recess for receiving the concrete in its still pourable state. In this way, a mixed construction can be built up, which is composed of a load-bearing concrete basic construction and a cladding brick construction, the bricks being firmly anchored in the concrete due to the undercuts.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn jede Ausnehmung eine über die gesamte Höhe der Seite verlaufende, bis etwa zur halben Tiefe des Wandziegels eingeformte Schwalbenschwanznut mit bevorzugt abgerundeten und/oder abgefasten Ecken ist, wodurch sich eine besonders innige Verzahnung mit dem Beton ergibt. Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung liegt in der Schaffung eines speziellen Halbzeuges, das als Zwischenprodukt bei der Herstellung derartiger Wandziegel vorgesehen werden kann und von einem herkömmlichen Mauerziegel ausgeht, der mit Durchbre- chungen ausgestattet ist, welche eine Sollbruchebene für den Mauerziegel bilden. Das erfindungsgemäße Halbzeug zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß zumindest eine der Durchbrechungen eine in der Sollbruchebene taillierte Querschnittsform hat. Durch einfaches Teilen des Mauerziegels, z.B. mit einem Schlagkeil können zwei Wandziegel gebildet werden, die jeweils mit hinterschnittenen Ausnehmungen versehen sind, welche sich aus den in der Sollbruchebene geteilten Durchbrechungen ergeben. Das Halbzeug kann vom Endanwender vor Ort oder in der Vorfertigung geteilt und in Beton eingebettet werden. Ein weiterer Vorteil des Halbzeuges ist, daß es auf üblichen Extrusionsstraßen für Ziegel gefertigt werden kann.It is particularly advantageous if each recess is a dovetail groove that runs over the entire height of the side and is formed to approximately half the depth of the wall tile, with preferably rounded and / or chamfered corners, which results in particularly intimate interlocking with the concrete. Another aspect of the invention is the creation of a special semi-finished product which can be provided as an intermediate product in the manufacture of such wall tiles and which is based on a conventional wall tile which is provided with openings which form a predetermined breaking level for the wall tile. The semifinished product according to the invention is characterized in that at least one of the openings has a cross-sectional shape which is tailored in the predetermined breaking plane. By simply dividing the wall tile, for example with a hammer, two wall tiles can be formed, each of which is provided with undercut recesses which result from the openings divided in the predetermined breaking plane. The semi-finished product can be divided by the end user on site or in prefabrication and embedded in concrete. Another advantage of the semi-finished product is that it can be produced on conventional brick extrusion lines.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform des Halbzeuges besteht darin, daß jede der genannten Durchbrechung im Querschnitt die Form zweier mit ihren Deckseiten aneinanderstoßender Trapeze mit bevorzugt abgerundeten und/oder abgefasten Ecken hat, so daß nach dem Teilen Wandziegel mit Schwalbenschwanznuten entstehen.An advantageous embodiment of the semifinished product is that each of the above-mentioned opening has a cross-section in the form of two trapezoids abutting their top sides, preferably with rounded and / or chamfered corners, so that wall bricks with dovetail grooves are formed after they have been divided.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Sollbruchebene zusätzlich kleindurchmeßrige Durchbrechungen etwa runden Quer- Schnitts enthält, was das Teilen des Mauerziegels erleichtert. Zusätzlich kann auch vorgesehen werden, daß die Sollbruchebene Trennfugen zwischen den Durchbrechungen enthält, um das Unterteilen noch weiter zu erleichtern. Derartige Trennfugen können beispielsweise mit Hilfe entsprechender Querstege in der Extru- sionsdüse gefertigt werden.It is particularly advantageous if the predetermined breaking level additionally contains small-diameter openings such as round cross-sections, which makes it easier to split the brick. In addition, it can also be provided that the predetermined breaking level contains parting lines between the openings in order to further facilitate the division. Separation joints of this type can be produced, for example, with the aid of corresponding transverse webs in the extrusion nozzle.
Gemäß einem weiteren bevorzugten Merkmal der Erfindung ist das Halbzeug auf einer Außenseite mit einer in der Sollbruchebene verlaufenden Kerbe versehen, was das Ansetzen eines Teilungswerkzeuges, z.B. eines Schlagkeiles, Meißels od. dgl. zum Teilen des Mauerziegels in der Sollbruchebene erleichtert. Ein letzter Aspekt der Erfindung beschäftigt sich mit der Schaffung eines Betonfertigteil-Wandelementes, insbesondere zum Aufbau von Gewölben, und zeichnet sich durch Wandziegel der ge- nannten Art aus, die mauerwerkartig gruppiert im Betonfertigteil teilweise eingebettet sind.According to a further preferred feature of the invention, the semifinished product is provided on the outside with a notch running in the predetermined breaking plane, which facilitates the placement of a dividing tool, for example a wedge, chisel or the like, for dividing the brick in the predetermined breaking plane. A last aspect of the invention deals with the creation of a precast concrete wall element, in particular for the construction of vaults, and is characterized by wall tiles of the named type, which are partially embedded in the masonry group in the precast concrete.
Um die Widerstandsfähigkeit des Wandelementes gegenüber Temperatur- und Feuchtigkeitseinwirkung zu erhöhen, werden be- vorzugt die Materialien des Betonfertigteiles und der Wandziegel in Bezug auf den Wärmedehnungskoeffizienten, ihre Kapillarwirkung, ihren Elastizitätsmodul usw. aufeinander abgestimmt. In dieser Hinsicht ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn der Betonfertigteil aus Leichtbetonen gefertigt wird, was eine besse- re Annäherung an die Eigenschaften von Ziegelmaterial ergibt. Unter Leichtbetonen werden hier Betone mit entsprechenden Zuschlagstoffen wie Blähton, Leca®-Steinen, Ziegelsplitt, Hüttenbims od.dgl. verstanden.In order to increase the resistance of the wall element to the effects of temperature and moisture, the materials of the prefabricated concrete part and the wall tiles are preferably matched to one another with regard to the thermal expansion coefficient, their capillary action, their modulus of elasticity, etc. In this regard, it is particularly advantageous if the precast concrete part is made from lightweight concrete, which results in a better approximation to the properties of brick material. Under lightweight concrete here are concretes with appropriate additives such as expanded clay, Leca® stones, brick chippings, pumice or the like. Roger that.
Für denselben Zweck ist es besonders günstig, wenn die Wandziegel aus Klinker gefertigt sind, was eine entsprechende Annäherung an die Eigenschaften von Betonen ergibt. Eine besonders günstige Materialpaarung ist somit Leichtbeton/Klinker.For the same purpose, it is particularly favorable if the wall tiles are made of clinker, which gives a corresponding approximation to the properties of concrete. A particularly favorable combination of materials is therefore lightweight concrete / clinker.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend an Hand von in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. In den Zeichnungen zeigtThe invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. In the drawings shows
Fig. 1 einen ausschnittsweisen Querschnitt durch ein Betonfertigteil-Wandelement gemäß der Erfindung undFig. 1 shows a partial cross section through a precast wall element according to the invention and
Fig. 2 ein erfindungsgemäßes Halbzeug im Querschnitt. Das in Fig. 1 ausschnittsweise dargestellte Betonfertig- teil-Wandelement 1 ist aus Wandziegeln 2 zusammengesetzt, die in mauerwerkartiger Gruppierung unter Einhaltung von Fugen 3 in eine Seite 4 einer Betongrundkonstruktion 5 teilweise eingebettet sind. Die Betongrundkonstruktion 5 ist beispielsweise ein Wandmodul zum Aufbau eines Gewölbes, und die Seite 4 ist für die Innenseite des Gewölbes bestimmt.Fig. 2 shows a semi-finished product according to the invention in cross section. The precast concrete wall element 1 shown in detail in FIG. 1 is composed of wall bricks 2, which are partially embedded in a masonry-like grouping with adherence to joints 3 in a side 4 of a concrete base structure 5. The concrete base structure 5 is, for example, a wall module for building a vault, and the side 4 is intended for the inside of the vault.
Die Wandziegel 2 sind auf ihrer dem Beton zugewandten Seite 6 mit hinterschnittenen Ausnehmungen 7 versehen, welche vom Beton während des Gießens der Grundkonstruktion 5 vollständig ausgefüllt werden, und ragen mit ihrer gegenüberliegenden Seite 8 über die Seite 4 der Grundkonstruktion 5 vor, so daß sie letztere "verkleiden".The wall tiles 2 are provided on their side facing the concrete 6 with undercut recesses 7, which are completely filled by the concrete during the pouring of the basic structure 5, and protrude with their opposite side 8 over the side 4 of the basic structure 5, so that the latter "dress up".
Die Ausnehmungen 7 verlaufen jeweils über die gesamte Höhe des Wandziegels 2 und erstrecken sich bis etwa zur halben Tiefe des Wandziegels 2. Die Ausnehmungen 7 können jede beliebige Art von Hinterschneidung aufweisen, im dargestellten Fall sind sie als Schwalbenschwanznuten mit abgefasten Ecken 9 ausgeführt.The recesses 7 each extend over the entire height of the wall tile 2 and extend to approximately half the depth of the wall tile 2. The recesses 7 can have any type of undercut, in the case shown they are designed as dovetail grooves with chamfered corners 9.
Fig. 2 zeigt ein als Halbzeug vertreibbares Zwischenpro- dukt eines bevorzugten Herstellungsverfahrens für die Wandziegel 2. Das Halbzeug 10 hat im wesentlichen die Form eines üblichen Mauerziegels, der mit Durchbrechungen 11, 12 versehen ist, welche im wesentlichen in einer Ebene 13 aufeinander ausgerichtet sind, so daß die Ebene 13 eine Sollbruchebene für den Mau- erziegel ergibt. Entlang der Sollbruchebene 13 kann das Halbzeug 10 in zwei Hälften geteilt werden, welche jeweils einen Wandziegel 2 ergeben.2 shows an intermediate product of a preferred manufacturing method for the wall tiles 2, which can be marketed as a semi-finished product. The semi-finished product 10 essentially has the shape of a conventional brick, which is provided with openings 11, 12 which are essentially aligned with one another in a plane 13 , so that level 13 results in a predetermined breaking level for the brick. The semi-finished product 10 can be divided into two halves along the predetermined breaking level 13, each of which results in a wall tile 2.
Jede zweite Durchbrechung 11 hat die Querschnittsform zweier einander zugewandt zusammengesetzter Ausnehmungen 7, d.h. die Form zweier mit ihren Deckseiten aneinanderstoßender Trapeze bzw. Schwalbenschwänze mit abgefasten Ecken. Die übrigen in der Sollbruchebene 13 liegenden Durchbrechungen 12 sind von kleinem Durchmesser und haben beliebigen, z.B. runden Querschnitt. Die Durchbrechungen 12 können wie die Lochungen üblicher Lochziegel ausgebildet bzw. von diesen selbst gebildet werden; sie dienen nicht nur zur Bildung der Sollbruchebene 13, sondern auch als Konvektionsöffnungen während des Brennens des Ziegels. Zusätzlich sind zwischen den Durchbrechungen 11, 12 jeweils Trennfugen 14 angeordnet, die durch Querstege, -drahte oder -klingen in der Extrusionsdüse erzeugt werden können, welche zur Herstellung des Halbzeuges 10 verwendet wird.Every second opening 11 has the cross-sectional shape of two mutually facing recesses 7, i.e. the shape of two trapezoids or dovetails with chamfered corners, butting together with their top sides. The other openings 12 lying in the predetermined breaking plane 13 are of small diameter and have any, e.g. round cross section. The openings 12 can be formed like the perforations of conventional perforated bricks or formed by them themselves; they serve not only to form the predetermined breaking level 13, but also as convection openings during the firing of the brick. In addition, separating joints 14 are arranged between the openings 11, 12, which can be produced by crossbars, wires or blades in the extrusion die which is used to produce the semi-finished product 10.
Das Halbzeug 10 ist auf einer Außenseite mit einer in der Sollbruchebene 13 verlaufenden Kerbe 15 versehen, welche das Ansetzen eines Teilungswerkzeuges, z.B. eines Schlagkeiles, Meißels od. dgl. erleichtert.The semifinished product 10 is provided on the outside with a notch 15 running in the predetermined breaking plane 13, which notch is used to attach a dividing tool, e.g. a wedge, chisel or the like. Relieved.
Die Erfindung ist selbstverständlich nicht auf die dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. Insbesondere können die Anzahl, Größe, Form und Gruppierung der Ausnehmungen 7 bzw. Durchbrechungen 11, 12 beliebig variieren, solange sie im Ein- bauzustand der Wandziegel 2 eine innige Verzahnung mit der Betongrundkonstruktion 5 ermöglichen. Die Außenform der Wandziegel 2 bzw. des Halbzeuges 10 kann in der Art üblicher Ziegel gestaltet werden, und es können zusätzlich Innenkammern und Ka- näle vorgesehen werden, wie sie bei Ziegeln allgemein bekannt sind. Die Taillierung der Querschnittsform der Durchbrechungen 11 kann beliebig gestaltet sein, beispielsweise in Form einer in der Mitte nicht geschlossenen "8", in Form zweier sich teil- weise überlappender Kreisquerschnitte od. dgl. The invention is of course not limited to the exemplary embodiments shown. In particular, the number, size, shape and grouping of the recesses 7 or openings 11, 12 can vary as long as they allow an intimate interlocking with the concrete base structure 5 when the wall tiles 2 are installed. The outer shape of the wall tile 2 or the semi-finished product 10 can be designed in the manner of conventional bricks, and it is also possible to use inner chambers and ca channels are provided, as are generally known for bricks. The waisted shape of the cross-sectional shape of the openings 11 can be of any design, for example in the form of an "8" which is not closed in the middle, in the form of two partially overlapping circular cross sections or the like.

Claims

Patentansprüche : Claims:
1. Wandziegel (2) zur Verkleidung von Betonbauten (5), wie Wänden, Decken, Gewölben od. dgl., dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die dem Beton zuzuwendende Seite des Wandziegels (2) mit zumindest einer hinterschnittenen Ausnehmung (7) zur Aufnahme des Betons in seinem noch gießfähigen Zustand versehen ist.1. Wall tile (2) for cladding concrete structures (5) such as walls, ceilings, vaults or the like., Characterized in that the side of the wall tile (2) facing the concrete with at least one undercut recess (7) for receiving the Concrete is still pourable.
2. Wandziegel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Ausnehmung (7) eine über die gesamte Höhe der Seite verlaufende, bis etwa zur halben Tiefe des Wandziegels (2) eingeformte Schwalbenschwanznut mit bevorzugt abgerundeten und/oder abgefasten Ecken (9) ist.2. Wall tile according to claim 1, characterized in that each recess (7) is a dovetail groove which extends over the entire height of the side and is formed to approximately half the depth of the wall tile (2), preferably with rounded and / or chamfered corners (9).
3. Halbzeug (10) zur Bildung von Wandziegeln (2), die zur Verkleidung von Betonbauten (5) , wie Wänden, Decken, Gewöl- ben od. dgl. bestimmt sind, mit einem Mauerziegel, der mit Durchbrechungen (11, 12) ausgestattet ist, welche eine Sollbruchebene für den Mauerziegel bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest eine der Durchbrechungen (11) eine in der Sollbruchebene (13) taillierte Querschnittsform hat. 3. Semi-finished product (10) for the formation of wall bricks (2) which are intended for cladding concrete buildings (5), such as walls, ceilings, vaults or the like, with a brick, which is provided with openings (11, 12). is equipped, which form a predetermined breaking level for the masonry brick, characterized in that at least one of the openings (11) has a cross-sectional shape which is waisted in the predetermined breaking level (13).
4. Halbzeug nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede der genannten Durchbrechung (11) im Querschnitt die Form zweier mit ihren Deckseiten aneinanderstoßender Trapeze mit bevorzugt abgerundeten und/oder abgefasten Ecken hat.4. Semi-finished product according to claim 3, characterized in that each of the said opening (11) in cross-section has the shape of two trapezoids abutting one another with their top sides with preferably rounded and / or chamfered corners.
5. Halbzeug nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeich- net, daß die Sollbruchebene (13) zusätzlich kleindurchmeßrige5. Semi-finished product according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the predetermined breaking level (13) additionally small-diameter
Durchbrechungen (12) etwa runden Querschnitts enthält.Openings (12) contains approximately round cross-section.
6. Halbzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sollbruchebene (13) zusätzlich Trennfugen (14) zwischen den Durchbrechungen (11, 12) enthält. 6. Semi-finished product according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the predetermined breaking level (13) additionally contains parting lines (14) between the openings (11, 12).
7. Halbzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es auf einer Außenseite mit einer in der Sollbruchebene (13) verlaufenden Kerbe (15) versehen ist.7. Semi-finished product according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that it is provided on one outside with a notch (15) extending in the predetermined breaking plane (13).
8. Betonfertigteil-Wandelement (1), insbesondere zum Aufbau von Gewölben, gekennzeichnet durch Wandziegel (2) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 oder Wandziegel (2) aus Halbzeugen (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, wobei die Wandziegel mauerwerkartig gruppiert im Betonfertigteil (1) teilweise eingebettet sind. 8. precast concrete wall element (1), in particular for building vaults, characterized by wall tiles (2) according to claim 1 or 2 or wall tiles (2) from semi-finished products (10) according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the wall tiles grouped like a brickwork in Precast concrete (1) are partially embedded.
9. Betonfertigteil-Wandelement nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Betonfertigteil (1) aus Leichtbetonen gefertigt ist.9. precast concrete wall element according to claim 8, characterized in that the precast concrete part (1) is made of lightweight concrete.
10. Betonfertigteil-Wandelement nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wandziegel (2) aus Klinker gefertigt sind. 10. Precast concrete wall element according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the wall tiles (2) are made of clinker.
EP98914699A 1997-04-17 1998-04-17 Building bricks Withdrawn EP0910713A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT66297 1997-04-17
AT66297 1997-04-17
PCT/AT1998/000100 WO1998048125A1 (en) 1997-04-17 1998-04-17 Building bricks

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EP0910713A1 true EP0910713A1 (en) 1999-04-28

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT201900001361A1 (en) * 2019-01-30 2020-07-30 Rosso 21 S R L PREFABRICATED PANEL FOR BUILDING AND PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE SAME

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1700542A (en) * 1926-09-17 1929-01-29 O'donnell John Alvin Building tile
AT211027B (en) * 1958-05-07 1960-09-10 Gebhard Stecher Brick separable into two wall bricks
US3654742A (en) * 1970-01-26 1972-04-11 John A Wilnau Method of forming a concrete building component
SE387395B (en) * 1973-09-03 1976-09-06 Oestgoeta Byggen Ab WALL COVER PLATE

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO9848125A1 *

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