EP0907599B1 - Process and device for loading and unloading transport units - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for loading and loading on transport media, such as Trucks and / or rail vehicles, Ships or similar transport units that can be put on and taken off, for example swap bodies, containers or the like, at which or which goods to be picked, in particular palletized goods, parcel and / or roll goods, preferably large-volume design, such as rock wool products or the like is loaded.

In the manufacture of rock wool products, the particular used for heat and sound insulation in buildings be from a basic batch by chemical Additions as well as different production heights Series of different goods manufactured. It deals is a line / flow production, in which only one article per production line for economic reasons produced in a certain unit of time becomes. Such a time unit is 24, for example Hours. To meet the customers' requirement for a to quickly provide the necessary goods, the manufacturers of such products are obliged Delivery guarantees, d. H. Deliveries within a short Ensure time, for example within 48 hours. During this time, the products or goods manufactured, loaded and delivered to the customer become. Since the production almost entirely on the order of the customer, sales orders must go to production lots summarized, manufactured production lots must be broken up and depending on the mode of transport, Transport route or the like in different loading units (Trucks or rail wagons or the like) picked become. Such goods are either palletized or in the form of parcel and / or roll goods for loading provided. Have for the transportation of these goods such transport units are particularly advantageous proven that can be handled independently of the vehicle. For example, these goods are in containers, Load swap bodies or other transport units, which then either on a truck or a Railway wagons or a ship can be loaded. Advantage of this Transport units is that the transport unit transporting vehicle while loading the goods does not have to be provided in the transport units. During this time, the vehicle can perform other transportation tasks serve.

Proceeding from this prior art, the object of the invention is to create a method and a device with which or with which a rapid goods handling from production to various means of transport is possible, in particular without intermediate storage of the goods in buildings.

As a solution to this problem, the method provides that the goods are removed from production without intermediate storage and fed to an assembly and loading device in which the goods are conveyed directly into the transport units, the transport units being arranged and equipped in at least two horizontal planes arranged one above the other become.

On the part of the device according to the invention, in order to solve this problem, it is provided that this device has a plurality of loading points provided in at least two horizontal planes arranged one above the other, in front of which the transport units can be parked.

An essential advantage of the present invention is that the goods from production directly into the transport units are promoted and in these transport units be picked. Here plays a special role that the transport units are stacked in at least two arranged horizontal planes arranged and equipped , which means that the total area is reserved for Transport units in the direct loading process is reduced.

According to a further feature of the invention The method provides that the transport units in held in a storage facility and as required the loading and loading device are fed. Such a storage facility can, for example a parking space on which the transport units be parked after being centrally located by the Transport medium have been lifted off.

It is also provided in the method according to the invention that that the transport units in both empty and at least partially filled state in the storage facility be held up. Accordingly, the inventive method to an interim storage facility (warehouse building) to be dispensed with. The goods are after the Production immediately in the provided transport units promoted. If goods have been produced, that are not delivered directly to customers, so these surplus goods are kept in transport units, so that they may be in the loading and loading equipment removed again from the transport units can then be according to the picking plan another transport unit or another Transport units can be conveyed. The partially transport units filled with goods, which are not Delivered immediately will be in the storage facility held so that the transport units can be used as an interim storage facility without building must be provided.

The transport units are preferably in regular Distances from each other and stacked on top of each other, so that the logistics for the provision of the transport units can be simplified in particular if the transport units not only when empty, but also also be kept in a partially filled condition have to. The stacking of the transport units has furthermore the further advantage that a variety of Transport units are kept in a relatively small area can be. Here it has proven to be advantageous proved that the partially filled transport units in to hold a certain section of the storage facility, these transport units as possible in upper levels of the stacked transport units be held up.

According to a further feature of the method according to the invention it is provided that the transport units with a preferably designed as a gantry crane lifting and moving device between the loading and loading device and the storage facility to and fro or loaded onto the transport media. With Such a gantry crane can both the side by side Loading points as well as in two horizontal levels stacked loading points in easier Way to be reached and operated using the gantry crane furthermore has the advantage that it covers the entire storage facility with the transport units parked there can reach. The lifting and moving device thus serves the removal of empty or partial filled transport units, which are in the range of Loading and loading equipment can be transported as well as loading and unloading the transport media, who either deliver empty transport units or with filled transport units the transport to the customer carry out.

The transport units, namely the Swap bodies, both in the area of the storage facility as well as in the area of loading and loading equipment at ground level, d. H. without extended supports switched off. This results in particular advantages with regard to the time required and occupational safety when opening and closing the transport units. In a generic method according to the prior art Technology, it is necessary that the transport media, namely the trucks, the swap bodies in the area in front the loading points of the loading and unloading equipment maneuver where the swap bodies are then from the truck be bridged. Here, the swap bodies are open put their extended props in front of the truck be driven out below the swap body can. Accordingly, every single swap body in this Area of loading and loading equipment by truck be fed. Furthermore, it is not possible, the swap bodies on unfolded supports stack on top of each other. These disadvantages are solved with the avoided inventive method. In the invention The swap bodies become more central Lifted off the truck and either in Area of the storage facility or directly in the area the loading and loading device for loading turned off, the stacking of swap bodies through an appropriate construction of swap bodies and by the procedure according to the invention is possible.

According to a further feature of the invention, that the goods in the loading and loading facility via conveyor belts in the various horizontal levels are supported by which conveyor belts the Goods on loading belts for loading the individual transport units arranged side by side in front of the loading points be promoted. Preferably several side-by-side loading points via an in essentially movable in the longitudinal direction of the conveyor belt Loading belt loaded. Accordingly, the invention Method provided at least one main conveyor belt, through which the goods from production into the Assembly and loading equipment are promoted by where the goods are then on the loading belts to the individual Loading points according to the required packaging are promoted in the transport units.

The loading and loading of the transport units is preferred controlled by a central computer, the Goods and / or the transport units with the computer readable markings are provided for a quick and reliable location and level determination as well Enable identification of the goods. For example the palletized goods and / or parcel and / or roll goods be provided with barcodes with a barcode laser in the area of loading and loading equipment be read so that the goods according to their specific properties of the corresponding transport unit be fed. You can use the calculator to do both the gantry crane and the loading belts are controlled accordingly be that the corresponding transport unit of the is assigned to the corresponding loading point, in particular then, if the transport unit previously at least partially has been equipped with appropriate goods that the Removed transport unit and another transport unit should be fed.

A further development of the device according to the invention provides before that the horizontal planes offset from each other in a step-like manner are arranged. Accordingly, for example Several loading points arranged next to each other at ground level be, with another level above the loading points is provided on which in turn transport units corresponding loading points can be parked.

It has proven advantageous here, the horizontal planes to be arranged on a long side of a building, so that the roof area of the ground-level loading points as Space for the loading points above can be used. This construction can have several Include horizontal planes, with two horizontal planes have proven to be advantageous due to the height of the building.

An increase in loading capacity can be done in easier Are achieved in that the horizontal planes are arranged on both long sides of a building. Hereby can have four spaces for Transport units can be provided without the constructive Increase the height of the building significantly. So that's it Building accessible from its two long sides, whereby it has proven beneficial to either the gantry crane to be trained in such a way that it covers the entire building can run over a recorded transport unit, or two gantry cranes, one gantry crane each for a longitudinal girder of the building, two storage facilities in the area in front of the loading points are necessary.

The loading points are preferably with loading belts at least one conveyor belt connected to the production connected. Several loading points preferably have one common, preferably in the longitudinal direction of the conveyor belt movable loading conveyor. This results in particular Advantages in terms of investment costs of the invention Contraption. The loading belts are after one further feature of the device according to the invention reversible, so that the loading belts not only for Loading, but also for unloading the transport units can be used. This makes it possible for goods that are not sent immediately are stored in transport units are then from the transport units if necessary conveyed out and into other transport units can be promoted.

Finally, another feature of the invention provided that the loading points down to the level of corresponding horizontal plane are open and preferably have a gate. Through this configuration the advantage is achieved that the transport units, namely the swap bodies without supports flat on the Horizontal planes can be placed.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of the related Drawing in which a preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention is shown, based on which explains the method according to the invention should.

Fig. 1

eine Produktions- und Bestückungs- und Verladevorrichtung in Draufsicht und

Fig. 2

die Bestückungs- und Verladevorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 in perspektiv dargestellter Ansicht.

The drawing shows:

Fig. 1

a production and loading and loading device in plan view and

Fig. 2

the loading and loading device of FIG. 1 in a perspective view.

In a production hall 1 there are two cupola furnaces 2 side by side arranged, in which mineral rock melted and then defibrated. The single ones Fibers are then mixed with chemical additives such as binders wetted and on two parallel conveyor belts 3 and 4 filed. On these conveyor belts 3 and 4 harden the binders, the hardening in the area a hardening furnace, through which the endless fiber strands be performed. In addition, it can be provided that the fiber strands are machined, for example be compressed. Further processing steps are also possible, especially cutting the on the conveyor belts 3 and 4 deposited fiber mats in individual sections.

The conveyor belt 4 has at its opposite the cupola End a pallet stacker 5, which to do so serves the individual mineral wool panels on pallets layered them afterwards in one of the production halls affiliated warehouse 6 to stack. The warehouse 6 has loading stations 7 on one of its long sides on which are designed in the form of ramps to which Trucks can drive up to the from the Warehouse 6 removed pallets to be loaded.

Furthermore, the conveyor belt 4 has a transition Conveyor belt 8, which the conveyor belt 4 with a Picking station 9 connects that in the area of a Output of the production hall 1 is arranged. The Picking station 9 has a removal point on the one hand 10 and a posting point 11, which for goods, d. H. Mineral wool products are provided that are either in the warehouse 6 are to be temporarily stored or the removed from warehouse 6 and onto a picking belt 12 should be abandoned. The picking station also sees 9 a manual acceptance 13 before which the removal point 10 or the posting point 11 opposite is arranged at the picking station 9.

In addition to the conveyor belt 8, the conveyor belt 3 is connected to the Picking station 9 connected, so that in both Cupola furnaces 2 and 3 and 4 produced on both conveyor belts or stored goods of the picking station 9 can be supplied. On the outgoing side are to the picking station 9 two conveyor belts 14 and 15 and that Picking belt 12 already mentioned is connected. The Conveyor belt 14 represents the continuation of the conveyor belt 3 and the conveyor belt 15 the continuation of the conveyor belt 4. Both the conveyor belts 14 and 15 as well the picking belt 12 connect the production hall 1 with a trained as loading and loading device Building 16, which is described below becomes.

The conveyor belts 14 and 15 and the picking belt 12 are arranged in a bridge building 17, which, for example stood on bridge piers 18 (Fig. 2) is and thus a street 19 for public transport and cross a loading road 20 for trucks 21 can.

The picking belt 12 is used in particular for products different structure for a commission of one Record customers so that the different products via a conveyor belt, namely the picking belt 12 Building 16 are fed from where the goods in as Swap bodies 22 loaded trained means of transport become.

2 shows the building 16 in detail. The Building 16 has several loading points on one long side 23, each designed as a gate opening and each can be closed with a roller shutter 24. Each gate opening is designed such that it except for the Floor level of a lower horizontal level is sufficient. Before that Loading points 23 can be placed on the swap bodies 22 become. There is one above the lower horizontal plane second horizontal plane 25 formed on a roof of the Building 16 is arranged. This horizontal plane 25 points also a plurality of loading points 23 on the corresponding to the loading points 23 of the lower horizontal plane are trained. The swap bodies 22, which of the trucks 21 can be removed, thus both in front of the loading points 23 of the lower horizontal plane or in front of the loading points 23 of the second, upper Horizontal plane 25 are positioned. So that's it Building 16 formed in the form of a staircase in cross section, wherein a second half of the building 16 is dashed in FIG. 2 It is indicated which building 16 has a modular design to the extent that on both long sides of the Building 16 has a corresponding number of loading points 23 are arranged in two horizontal planes.

In the area in front of the loading points 23 of the lower horizontal plane is a storage device 26 in the form of a flat surface or a parking space. On Such swap bodies can be stored in this storage device 26 22, which are not immediately in front of one Loading point 23 can be positioned. These swap bodies 22 will be in both empty and in part or in full filled state on the storage facility 26 arranged so that empty swap bodies 22 if necessary can be positioned in front of a loading point 23. On the other hand, partially or completely filled, swap bodies parked on the storage facility 26 22 also in the area of loading points if required 23 to be moved around in these swap bodies 22 intermediate products from these swap bodies 22 and into another swap body 22 to promote.

It can be seen that the swap bodies 22 in the area the storage device 26 at regular intervals be arranged side by side and one behind the other, and that the Swap bodies 22 can also be stacked one on top of the other.

For transporting the swap bodies 22 between the trucks 21 and the loading points 23 and the storage facility 26 or from the storage facility 26 the loading points 23 and back a gantry crane 27 is provided, parallel to the narrow sides of building 16 is movable on rails 28 and a trolley 29 with a spreader 30. The gantry crane 27 can thus all points in the area of the storage facility 26 as well as all loading points 23 and the truck unloading and loading point in the area of loading street 20 to reach. In addition, a rail connection 31 is provided, on which rail-bound vehicles 32 can be moved are that can be loaded with the swap bodies 22. The portal crane can also cover this area of the rail connection 31 Use 27 with swap bodies 22.

In the double-sided shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2 Execution of building 16 can furthermore be provided that the gantry crane the entire building 16th runs over, so that only one storage device 26 on one side of the building 16 for both long sides with loading points 23 is necessary. In this case it is Connection of the bridge building 17 to the building 16 below the rails 28 of the gantry crane 27 arranged.

As can be seen from Fig. 1, the two conveyor belts 14 and 15 and the picking belt 12 over right-angled to these belts 14, 15, 12 loading belts 33 connected to the loading points 23. These loading belts 23 are in the longitudinal direction of the conveyor belts 14, 15 and the picking belt 12 within the building 16 movable, so that the loading points 23 of a horizontal plane can be approached by the individual loading belts 33 can.

In the embodiment described above, a Production plant with a loading and loading device the main focus is on the gantry crane 27 executes all movements of the swap bodies 22. Swap bodies 22 arriving trucks 21 are from the gantry crane 27 lifted and either in the area of Storage facility 26 or directly in front of a loading point 23 procedure. The swap bodies 22 are here not placed on their swap body legs, but flat on a designated space, namely either in Area of loading points 23 or in the area of the storage facility 26. The one in the storage facility 26 swap bodies 22 are kept as needed in front of the loading points 23 on one of the two horizontal levels, for example, the horizontal plane 25 transported. The logistics of the movements of swap bodies 22 is controlled by a computer so that the movements of the Gantry crane 27 with regard to the movements of the swap bodies 22 can be optimized to the travel routes of the gantry crane Shorten 27.

The swap bodies arranged in front of the loading points 23 22 are then loaded with mineral wool products that over the conveyor belts 14 and 15 and the picking belt 12 in Building 16 will be funded. After a swap body 22 with the necessary mineral wool products is filled, this swap body 22 with the gantry crane 27 placed on a waiting truck 21. Here there are exchange times for two swap bodies 22 a truck in the range of 10 to 15 minutes.

The building 16 is designed in such a way that the loading points 23 the lower level are built at ground level and that no ramps for the swap bodies 22 are necessary. Furthermore the building 16, as already stated, has two Stages, d. H. two horizontal levels on the building 16 both in terms of its long sides and its Narrow sides easily supplemented or extended can be.

The mineral wool products are therefore from the Production area fed directly to building 16, from where from them transported directly into swap bodies 22 become. Mineral wool products that do not load immediately are or are transported to the customer also invited to swap bodies 22, which swap bodies 22 then in areas of the storage facility 26 are temporarily stored. If necessary these interchangeable swap bodies 22 again in the Transported area of a loading point 23, where with the reversible loading belts 33 emptied can be.

The inventive design of the building 16 considerable construction costs are saved because of ramps and Drive-over bridges or the like can be dispensed with. The Stair-shaped and two-tier loading has the Advantage that the building 16 compared to commonly trained Buildings with the same number of loading points 23 considerably is smaller, so that the manipulation paths of the gantry crane 27 shortened and the conveyor lines in the loading station be reduced.

The material flow from production hall 1 to Loading station are controlled by a central computer, so that the entire flow of goods as well as the movements of the Portal crane 27 between the storage facility 26 and the loading points 23 or between the rail connection 31 and of loading street 20 can be optimized. The direct flow of goods from the production hall to swap bodies 22 further the advantage that significant cost savings possible are. The flow of goods is preferably controlled via a barcode system which ensures loading security increased, d. that is, the right product in the right one Quantity, loaded in the correct loading order etc. is, so that the incorrect and incorrect loading to reduce. This is the delivery service for customers improved.

Claims (20)

1. Process for loading and shipping transport units, for example interchangeable platforms, containers or the like, that can be placed upon and put down from transportation means such as trucks and/or track-bound vehicles, ships or the like, in which process goods to be commissioned, in particular palletised goods, packets of goods and/or rolls of goods, preferably of the large volume type such as mineral wool products or the like, are withdrawn from the production, without intermediate storage, and are supplied to a loading and shipping installation in which the goods are directly conveyed into the transport units, said transport units being arranged and loaded in at least two superposed horizontal planes.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that said transport units are kept in stock in a stock facility and are supplied at need to the loading and shipping installation.
3. Process according to claim 2, characterised in that the transport units are kept in stock in the stock facility both in the empty and in the at least partly filled condition.
4. Process according to claim 2, characterised in that the transport units are kept in stock in a fashion regularly spaced from one another and stacked on top of each other.
5. Process according to claim 2, characterised in that the transport units are moved to-and-fro between the loading and shipping installation and the stock facility or are loaded to the transportation vehicles by means of a lifting and shifting device which is preferably in the form of a portal crane.
6. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the transport units, i.e. the interchangeable platforms, are put down at ground level, i.e. without swung-out supports, both in the area of the stock facility and in the area of the loading and shipping installation.
7. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the goods are conveyed to the various horizontal planes in the loading and shipping installation by means of conveyor belts from which the goods are conveyed to loading belts for loading the transport units arranged in front of individual loading stations provided in a side-by-side arrangement.
8. Process according to claim 7, characterised in that plural loading stations which are arranged side by side are loaded via a loading belt which is movable substantially in the longitudinal direction of the conveyor belt.
9. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the loading and shipping of the transport units is controlled by a central processor, the goods and/or the transport units being provided with identification markings that can be read by the processor and that allow for a quick and reliable determination of the location and the filling level as well as identification of the goods.
10. Device for loading and/or shipping transport units, for example interchangeable platforms (22), containers or the like, adapted to be placed upon and taken down from transportation vehicles such as trucks (21) and track-bound vehicles (32), for carrying out the shipping process according to claim 1, wherein goods to be commissioned, particularly palletised goods, packets of goods and/or rolls of goods, preferably of the large volume type such as mineral wool products, are supplied to said transport units, characterised by plural loading stations (23) which are provided in at least two superposed horizontal planes (25) and in front of which said transport units can be parked.
11. Device according to claim 10, characterised in that said horizontal planes (25) are mutually staggered like stairs.
12. Device according to claim 10, characterised in that the horizontal planes (25) are arranged on one longitudinal side of a building (16).
13. Device according to claim 10, characterised in that said horizontal planes (25) are arranged on both longitudinal sides of a building (16).
14. Device according to claim 10, characterised by a stock facility (26) which serves for keeping said transport units in stock.
15. Device according to claim 10, characterised in that the loading stations (23) are connected by means of loading belts (33) to at least one of the production-linked conveyor belts (14, 15, 12).
16. Device according to claim 15, characterised in that plural loading stations (23) have a common loading belt (33) which preferably is movable in the longitudinal direction of the conveyor belt (14, 15, 12).
17. Device according to claim 15, characterised in that the loading belts (33) are reversible.
18. Device according to claim 10, characterised by three supplying conveyor belts (14, 15, 12) of which one conveyor belt (12) is devised as a commissioning belt.
19. Device according to one of the claims 10 to 18, characterised by a portal crane (27) which lifts the transport units off the vehicles (21, 32) and transfers them to the stock facility (26) and/or the loading stations (23) or from the loading stations (23) to the stock facility (26) and/or the vehicles (21, 23).
20. Device according to claim 10, characterised in that the loading stations (23) are formed open until down to the level of the corresponding horizontal plane (25) and preferably have a gate (24).

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