EP0906967A2 - Verwendung einer Legierung aus Aluminium und Titan sowie Beschichtungswerkstoff für eine solche Verwendung - Google Patents
Verwendung einer Legierung aus Aluminium und Titan sowie Beschichtungswerkstoff für eine solche Verwendung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0906967A2 EP0906967A2 EP98117583A EP98117583A EP0906967A2 EP 0906967 A2 EP0906967 A2 EP 0906967A2 EP 98117583 A EP98117583 A EP 98117583A EP 98117583 A EP98117583 A EP 98117583A EP 0906967 A2 EP0906967 A2 EP 0906967A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coating material
- titanium
- alloy
- aluminum
- application
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of an alloy made of aluminum and titanium as well as a coating material for such use.
- Alloys of aluminum and titanium are known to be particularly corrosion-resistant in technology and at high temperatures.
- the measurement results given in this document result in a material removal of 105 ⁇ m after 100 hours or 4.4 mm after one year in the atmosphere mentioned, which is generally not acceptable for technical systems.
- DE-A-42 15 017 describes a titanium-aluminum alloy as a material for example for turbine blades. When used at high temperatures up to 900 ° C, the material should become resistant to oxidation and corrosion by forming a slowly growing Al 2 O 3 layer instead of a rapidly growing TiO 2 layer.
- EP-A-0 495 454 also describes a material made of aluminum and titanium, in which a protective layer made of Al 2 O 3 is intended to prevent corrosion of the material.
- the proposed aluminum-titanium alloy is intended as a material for engine parts - in particular valves and piston pins.
- Metal dusting is a form of corrosion attack that can take place in gases with high carbon and low oxygen activities. Such environments are mainly found in the petrochemical industry in atmospheres with CO, CH 4 and higher hydrocarbons or in gas mixtures with high carbon activities. Metal dusting phenomena have also been observed in coal gasification atmospheres, but do not pose a general problem there. However, metal dusting can cause such massive damage that the plants can no longer be operated. This affected, for example, sootblower elements made of steels type 347 and 310 in waste heat boilers of synthesis gas reactors, the synthesis gas (essentially CO and H 2 with some water vapor and carbon particles) being produced by the combustion of methane with oxygen.
- sootblower elements made of steels type 347 and 310 in waste heat boilers of synthesis gas reactors, the synthesis gas (essentially CO and H 2 with some water vapor and carbon particles) being produced by the combustion of methane with oxygen.
- the metal removal took place in a temperature range from 480 ° C to 900 ° C, and massive damage was already observed after 3 weeks of use. Further examples can be found in connection with the operation of reformer plants, where a synthesis gas is produced from H 2 + CO for the production of methanol. Strong attack was observed in the temperature range from 650 ° C to 725 ° C. Metal dusting problems also occurred in hydrodealkylation plants, in acetic acid cracking plants and in coal gasification plants. Other examples are the failure of waste heat boilers in ammonia plants and in plants in the heat treatment industry.
- the Metal Dusting attack is either in form a strong local crater formation in the metallic material or in the form of larger attacked areas Areas up to the even removal of the Metal. In all cases, carburization occurs first the edge zone, followed by material decay on the surface in the form of powder formation from a powder mixture of carbon, carbides, Metal particles and occasionally oxide particles. Since this Powder does not have its own mechanical strength it is usually carried away by the gas flow in the system, so that deep damage in the attack points Material can be observed. Affected by this form of attack are practically all conventional technical Materials including simple carbon steels, the usual heat-resistant chrome-molybdenum steels, of high-alloy steels and high-alloy iron and Nickel-based materials. As a remedy in the literature the use of materials with very high chrome contents or with corresponding silicon contents suggested. As now very extensive Studies show are despite these recommendations no reliable material solutions available.
- protective oxide layers would be able to the process of metal dusting (i.e. a catastrophic To prevent carburization) if they have a corresponding Can develop protective effect on the material surface. Since it is in the atmospheres where metal Dusting occurs to those with extremely low oxygen partial pressures and high carbon activity, extremely stable oxides would have the potential offer to build up a protective layer.
- Preoxidation of conventional materials, as occasionally used in the Literature proposed does not lead to permanent Success because the oxide layers under operating conditions at least locally, if not globally, damaged can be and possibly in atmospheres with temporal changing compositions also their stability can lose.
- Particularly stable oxides are aluminum oxide, Silicon oxide and titanium oxide. A stimulation of the Silicon oxide formation by alloying accordingly higher Silicon levels for the alloys were already in the Literature suggested.
- the problem underlying the invention is an advantageous use of an alloy of aluminum and find Titan. Furthermore, a coating material discovered for such use become.
- the solution to the first problem is to use it an alloy of aluminum and titanium as high temperature-resistant, corrosion-resistant coating material for heat-resistant steel to protect against corrosion in plants with process gases which have a very low Partial pressure of oxygen ("reducing" atmospheres) and because of their content of carbon compounds have a high carbon activity.
- the second-mentioned problem is solved according to the invention by a Coating material, which is titanium and aluminum contains, dissolved, in which the aluminum content of the coating material Is 22-56 atomic%.
- the invention is based on the idea that a protective layer, a carburizing under the conditions mentioned of the material can only prevent by extreme stable oxides can be achieved.
- a protective layer a carburizing under the conditions mentioned of the material can only prevent by extreme stable oxides can be achieved.
- a protective effect can therefore only be achieved if on an inexpensive metallic substrate appropriate protective layer is applied, its alloy properties the formation of such cover layers allow.
- the use of materials for such Protective layers as the solid material of the component separates for cost reasons as well as for manufacturing reasons and dimensional reasons.
- an inexpensive metallic base material in the form of an unalloyed or low-alloy heat-resistant Steel up to higher alloyed steels with a corresponding Combine corrosion protection coating.
- This anti-corrosion coating is based on the elements Titanium and aluminum, both extremely stable oxides can train in reaction with the process environment and thus are able to provide an oxide protective layer build up. Even if this is violated The injured is healed again during the shift Ask because even the low oxygen levels the process environment are able to get this stable again To form oxides. This way it can be permanent Protective effect by applying the coating to a corresponding one inexpensive substrate can be achieved. advantages this anti-corrosion coating also results moreover by the value of the coefficient of thermal expansion, of the same order of magnitude lies like that of unalloyed and low-alloyed or ferritic Chrome steels. For this reason, when there are temperature changes no significant layer tensions induced, the others for tearing or chipping of the protective coating.
- Metal dusting conditions were simulated in a laboratory in a retort.
- a gas mixture of 75% H 2 and 25% CO was used, which has a carbon activity greater than 1 at the test temperature of 650 ° C, so that graphite is deposited on the surface of the samples used in the retort.
- a low-alloy heat-resistant steel of type 13CrMo44 in the uncoated state the same steel with an APS layer of type Ti48Al1.5Cr and the coating material alone were tested. After aging at 650 ° C in the above atmosphere for approx. 100 h, the uncoated steel showed massive metal dusting attack. The coating material was practically not attacked; only tarnishing colors were visible in some places.
- the coating also proved to be durable. Metal dusting attack on the underlying steel only occurred from the corners and edges of the samples (the samples were only coated on one surface) or at places where the layer still had open porosity. The latter could still occur because the coating process had not yet been optimized with regard to the gas tightness of the layers.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
- Verwendung einer Legierung aus Aluminium und Titan als hochtemperaturbeständiger, korrosionsfester Beschichtungswerkstoff für warmfesten Stahl zum Schutz vor Korrosion in Anlagen mit Prozessgasen, welche einen sehr niedrigen Sauerstoffpartialdruck ("reduzierende" Atmosphären) und auf Grund ihres Gehaltes an Kohlenstoffverbindungen eine hohe Kohlenstoffaktivität aufweisen.
- Verwendung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Prozessgase einen Sauerstoffpartialdruck im Bereich von 1x10-50 Pa bis 1x10-22 Pa, insbesondere 1x10-29 Pa bis 1x10-25 Pa haben und den Beschichtungswerkstoff bis zu 700°C erwärmen.
- Beschichtungswerkstoff für die Verwendung nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, welcher Titan und Aluminium enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Aluminiumgehalt des Beschichtungswerkstoffs 22 - 56 Atom% beträgt.
- Beschichtungswerkstoff nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung noch weitere Elemente enthält, wobei der Aluminiumgehalt in den Grenzen von Anspruch 3 liegt, während der Titangehalt entsprechend reduziert ist.
- Beschichtungswerkstoff nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung bis zu 7 Atom% Niob enthält.
- Beschichtungswerkstoff nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung bis zu 3 Atom% Chrom enthält.
- Beschichtungswerkstoff nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung bis zu 2 Atom% Silizium enthält.
- Beschichtungswerkstoff nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung bis zu 7 Atom% Wolfram enthält.
- Beschichtungswerkstoff nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 3 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung bis zu 7 Atom% Molybdän enthält.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19743421 | 1997-10-01 | ||
DE19743421 | 1997-10-01 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0906967A2 true EP0906967A2 (de) | 1999-04-07 |
EP0906967A3 EP0906967A3 (de) | 1999-05-19 |
EP0906967B1 EP0906967B1 (de) | 2003-11-12 |
Family
ID=7844301
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98117583A Expired - Lifetime EP0906967B1 (de) | 1997-10-01 | 1998-09-16 | Verwendung einer Legierung aus Aluminium und Titan |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0906967B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59810149D1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7422804B2 (en) | 2004-02-03 | 2008-09-09 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Metal dusting resistant stable-carbide forming alloy surfaces |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0716154A2 (de) * | 1994-12-05 | 1996-06-12 | DECHEMA Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chemisches Apparatewesen, Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie e.V. | Hochtermperaturbeständiger, korrosionsfester Werkstoff |
-
1998
- 1998-09-16 EP EP98117583A patent/EP0906967B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-16 DE DE59810149T patent/DE59810149D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0716154A2 (de) * | 1994-12-05 | 1996-06-12 | DECHEMA Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chemisches Apparatewesen, Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie e.V. | Hochtermperaturbeständiger, korrosionsfester Werkstoff |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7422804B2 (en) | 2004-02-03 | 2008-09-09 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Metal dusting resistant stable-carbide forming alloy surfaces |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59810149D1 (de) | 2003-12-18 |
EP0906967B1 (de) | 2003-11-12 |
EP0906967A3 (de) | 1999-05-19 |
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