EP0906269A1

EP0906269A1 - Acid addition compounds of fatty acid polyhydroxy alkyl amides

Info

Publication number: EP0906269A1
Application number: EP97925021A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Bernd Papenfuhs
Original assignee: Clariant GmbH
Current assignee: Clariant Produkte Deutschland GmbH
Priority date: 1996-06-08
Filing date: 1997-05-30
Publication date: 1999-04-07
Also published as: WO1997047591A1; AU3030797A; DE19622981A1

Abstract

The description relates to acid addition compounds of formula (1) and compositions with such compounds. In said formula (1), Z is a reduced glycoside or oligoglycoside radical, x is a whole number from 2 to 4, R?1 and R2¿ are a C¿1? to C4 alkyl or a C2 to C4 hydroxy alkyl, CO-R is an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms and A?-¿ is an anion radical of an inorganic or organic acid. The addition compounds are produced by reacting a fatty acid polyhydroxy alkyl amide and an acid corresponding to formula (1). The addition compounds and the compositions are excellent blowing and thickening agents.

Description

description

Acid adducts of fatty acid polyhydroxyalkylamides

The invention relates to strongly foaming acid adducts of fatty acid polyhydroxyalkylamides and a process for their preparation. The invention further relates to compositions with these adducts and the use of the acid adducts and the compositions.

Adducts of tertiary fatty amines with acids or with alkylating agents such as alkyl halides, alkyl sulfates or alkylene oxides in the presence of an aqueous acid are effective and versatile cationic surfactants.

DE-A-42 38 207 and DE-A-42 38 211 describe adducts of fatty acid polyhydroxyalkylamides (as an amine compound) with alkylating agents. These quaternary ammonium salts are prepared by quaternization (alkylation) of a fatty acid polyhydroxyalkylamide with a

Alkylating agents such as methyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate, dimethyl phosphate or ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide in the presence of an aqueous acid. As stated in DE-A-42 38 207, these adducts have high cold water dispersibility and excellent antistatic and wetting properties. It has now surprisingly been found that adducts of a fatty acid polyhydroxyalkylamide in the form of a tertiary amine and an acid (instead of an alkylating agent) have a high foaming power. The acid adducts according to the invention correspond to the following formula (1)

CO-R Rl ZN- (CH ₂ ) χ-N + -R2 A "(1)

I.

H

wherein Z is a reduced glycoside residue or

Oligoglycoside residue with 2 to 6 glycose units, x is an integer from 2 to 4, R ^{1 is} a C to C ₄ alkyl or C ₂ to C ₄ hydroxyalkyl,

R ^{2 is} a CL to C ₄ alkyl or

C ₂ to C ₄ hydroxyalkyl, CO-R is an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and A- is an anionic radical of an inorganic or organic acid.

Preferred acid adducts are those in which Z is a reduced glycoside residue or oligoglycoside residue with 2 or 3 glycose units (that is a di- or triglycoside residue), x 3,

R ¹ and R ² (identical or different) are methyl or ethyl and CO-R is a fatty acyl radical with 8 to 18 carbon atoms. The following should be said in detail about CO-R and Z: The aliphatic acyl radical CO-R, which is preferably the fatty acyl radical mentioned, can be saturated or unsaturated (preferably mono- to trisaturated). Examples include the acyl residues of caprylic, capric, lauric, palmitic, stearic and oleic acids as well as cocosacyl, tallow acyl, preferably hardened tallow acyl, and the like. The fatty acid residue is often a mixture of two or more acyl groups, for example C ₁₂ ^and C ₁₄ acyl

^(° ^12/14) ^'C 16 ^and C ₁₈ acyl ^(Cl6 / ^{is), or} C ₁₂ ki ^{Ξ C} i8 yl ^-Ac ^The OB ^ne are the radical Z is derived, as already mentioned above, preferably sugar alcohols derived from mono- -, Di- or trisaccharides. Pentoses and hexoses are preferred as monosaccharides.

Examples of monosaccharides are glucose, galactose, mannose and talose as hexoses and arabinose, ribose and xylose as pentoses. Examples of di- and trisaccharides (polysaccharides) are lactose, maltose, maltotriose and the like. Particularly preferred

Polyhydroxyalkyl residues originate from reduced hexoses, in particular from glucose (sorbityl residue). The particularly preferred radical Z thus corresponds to the formula below

CH ₂ - (CH-0H) ₄

CH ₂ -OH

The anion A ^{~ of} the adducts according to the invention generally comes from a mineral acid or from an (aliphatic or aromatic) carboxylic acid. Preferred inorganic acids are Hydrogen halide acids such as HC1 or HBr, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid. In the case of a carboxylic acid, the anion is a carboxylate. Preferred carboxylic acids are C 1 -C 3 -monocarboxylic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid or propionic acid; C ₁₂ to C ₁₈ monocarboxylic acid such as dodecanoic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or oleic acid; Dicarboxylic acids of the formula HOOC- (CH ₂ ) _n -COOH, where n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 8, such as oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric or adipic acid and the unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, fumaric and maleic acids; Monohydroxy monocarboxylic acids such as glycolic acid (hydroxyacetic acid) or lactic acid (α-hydroxy-propionic acid); Monohydroxy dicarboxylic acids such as tartronic acid (monohydroxy malonic acid) or malic acid (monohydroxy succinic acid); Dihydroxy-dicarboxylic acids such as tartaric acid (dihydroxy-succinic acid); Monohydroxy-tricarboxylic acids such as citric acid (hydroxy-tricarballylic acid); Hydroxybenzoic acids such as salicylic acid or gallic acid; and aromatic dicarboxylic acids (phthalic acids) such as o-phthalic acid or p-phthalic acid. Of the organic acids mentioned as salt formers, the Cη _^ to C3 ~ monocarboxylic acids, lactic acid and fruit acids are particularly preferred.

The anion A ~ is therefore preferably a halide, carbonate, phosphate, nitrate, sulfate or carboxylate, carboxylate being particularly preferred. Starting from the acids mentioned, some examples of A ^~ are given for further explanation: halides such as Cl ~, Br ~; Sulfates such as (S0 ₄ ^{2 "} ) _{1 // 2} ; phosphates such as (Pθ4 ^{3 ~} ) ι / 3? And carboxylates such as CH3C00 ^" , C ₁₁ H ₂₃ COO ~, CH ₃ -CH (OH) -COO- (anion der Lactic acid), ^~ 0OC-CH (0H) -CH ₂ -C00H (anion of malic acid), C ₆ H ₅ -C00 ~ (anion of benzoic acid). The inventive method for producing the ammonium salts of formula (1) is characterized in that one

Fatty acid polyhydroxyalkylamide represented by formula (2) below

CO-R Rl

ZN- (CH ₂ ) _X ~ NR ² (2)

wherein Z, x, R ¹ , R ² and CO-R have the meanings given, with an acid of the formula (3) below

HA (3)

where A has the meaning given, is converted to the acid adduct of the formula (1).

In the implementation according to the invention, the

Use reaction components polyhydroxyalkylamide and acid within wide molar ratios. In general, 0.5 to 1.5 mol of acid per mol of fatty acid polyhydroxyalkylamide, preferably 0.8 to 1.2 mol and in particular 1 mol of acid per mol

Fatty acid polyhydroxyalkylamide used. The temperature of the reaction taking place at atmospheric pressure is generally from 10 to 120 ° C. and preferably from 25 to 100 ° C. The quaternization according to the invention is carried out by mixing the

Reaction components acid and polyhydroxyalkylamide. It can be carried out in bulk, that is to say in the absence of solvents, or in the presence of solvents, if appropriate in combination with other surfactants, the reaction in solution is preferred. Suitable solvents are water; lower alcohols, preferably CI to C3 alkanols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol or isopropanol; lower glycols such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol; Oxalkylene glycols with 2 to 6 ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide units such as diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol; Mono- or di-C to C ₄ alkyl ethers of lower glycols or oxalkylene glycols; and fatty alcohol alkoxylates, preferably

Fatty alcohol ethoxylates with 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the fatty alkyl radical and with 2 to 12 ethylene oxide units; as well as mixtures thereof. Of the solvents mentioned, water, C 1 -C 6 -alkanols, lower glycols and mixtures thereof are preferred. The amount of solvent can vary within wide limits. In general, 5 to 80% by weight of solvent are used, preferably 10 to 70% by weight, percentages by weight based on the mixture of fatty acid polyhydroxyalkylamide and solvent. It is preferred to present the mixture mentioned and to stir the salt-forming acid continuously or in portions into the mixture. The inorganic or organic acid can be used as such; it is preferably used in the form of a solution in water and / or lower alcohols. After the acid compound has been added, the reaction mixture can be stirred further for the after-reaction. The course of the quaternization can be followed by titrimetric determination of the basic nitrogen content in the reaction mixture (decrease in fatty acid polyhydroxyalkylamide). The quaternization is generally complete after 0.1 to 2 hours. The desired salt formation is proceeding quantitative and leads to the formation of compounds of formula (1), which are obtained in the form of a solution when solvents are used. If desired, the acid adducts can be obtained as such, for example by removing the solvent or isolating them from the reaction mixture.

The compositions according to the invention are characterized by a content of at least 5% by weight, preferably 10 to 70% by weight, based on the composition, of at least one acid adduct of the formula (1). Preferred compositions essentially consist of a) 10 to 70% by weight, preferably 15 to 50% by weight, of at least one acid adduct of the formula (1) as active ingredient and b) 30 to 90% by weight, preferably 50 to 85 wt .-%, of a solvent consisting essentially of water, lower alcohols, lower glycols or a mixture thereof, percentages by weight based on the composition.

Further preferred compositions essentially consist of a ') 10 to 70% by weight, preferably 15 to 50% by weight, of at least one acid adduct of the formula (1) and b') 30 to 90% by weight, preferably 50 to 85% by weight of at least one other cationic and / or anionic and / or nonionic and / or amphoteric surfactant, percentages by weight based on the

Composition. These compositions can be present as such, ie free of solvents, or in the form of a solution, the solvent being water, lower alcohols, lower glycols or a mixture thereof. The solutions generally contain 10 to 70% by weight, preferably 15 to 50% by weight, of the sum of components a ') and b'). Suitable other cationic surfactants are, for example, the usual quaternary ammonium compounds with four alkyl radicals on the nitrogen atom and quaternary ones

Carboxylic acid ethanolamine ester salts (esterquats). Suitable anionic surfactants are, for example, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkane sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates, glycerol ether sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates,

Glycerin ether sulfates, fatty acid amide (ether) sulfates, sulfosuccinates, sarcosmates and taurides. Suitable nonionic surfactants are, for example, fatty acid polyhydroxyalkylamides, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid polyglycol esters, fatty acid amide polyglycol ethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, alkoxylated triglycerides, sorbitan esters and alkyl polyglycosides. Suitable amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are, for example, alkyl betaines, alkyl amido betaines,

Aminopropionates, aminoglycinates, imidazolinium betaines and sulfobetaines.

The compositions according to the invention are obtained by mixing the specified components together at approximately

15 to 100 ^C C are prepared or are already obtained in the course of the production of acid adducts of the formula (1), whereupon further surfactants can optionally be added. The salt compounds of the formula (1) according to the invention and their compositions have an unexpectedly high foaming capacity and therefore represent an excellent foaming agent. Because of their further properties, such as good skin tolerance and high thickenability, they are also advantageous as detergents and cosmetics, preferably as hair and Personal care products used.

The invention will now be illustrated by examples and

Comparative examples explained in more detail.

Preparation of Fettsaurepolyhydroxyalkylamid C _{_12/14} dimethylaminopropyl glucamide (DMAP-GA):

304.5 g of a 41% by weight aqueous solution of a technical N- (3-dimethylamino) propylglucamine (hereinafter DMAP-G) with a DMAP-G content of 96% by weight, based on the solid substance (that is 0 , 45 mol DMAP-G) are dewatered using a conventional stripping apparatus. For this purpose, the solution is heated to about 100 ° C. and first dewatered at normal pressure to a residual water content of about 5% by weight. The solution is then heated to 130 ° C. for further dewatering and kept at this temperature, a vacuum of up to 25 mbar being gradually applied. It is dewatered up to a residual water content of 0.2% by weight. 104.1 g (0.473 mol) are stirred into the melt thus obtained at 130 ° C.

C _{_12/14} -Fettsauremethylester (molecular weight 220 g / mol, after saponification) was added. The mixture has a temperature of 120 ° C. Now 6.1 g of sodium methylate (30% by weight in methanol, 7.5 mol%, based on DMAP-G) was added dropwise within 3 minutes and the reaction mixture was kept at about 100 ° C. The methanol resulting from the reaction is initially left in the system. After about 20 minutes there is a clear reaction solution. A vacuum of 60 mbar is now applied and a temperature of approximately 95 ° C. is set, the reaction mixture continuing to react for about 80 minutes while the methanol is distilled off. The solution thus obtained contains about 90 wt .-% C _{_12/14} -DMAP-GA, based on the solids content.

example 1

Preparation of C _{_12/14} -DMAP-GA-hydrochloride (adduct 1) OH OH

. To a 50% aqueous solution of C _{_12/14} -DMAP-GA is added dropwise with stirring at 70 ° C over 20 minutes an equimolar amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid; the solution containing the product according to the invention is then allowed to cool, with isolation of the acid adduct possible if necessary, with continued stirring.

Example 2

Preparation of C _{_12/14} -DMAP-GA-lactic acid adduct (adduct 2): OH OH OH

The lactate according to the invention (adduct 2) is prepared by adding an aqueous solution of lactic acid instead of hydrochloric acid analogously to Example 1; if necessary, the dissolved product can of course also be obtained in substance by distilling off the water.

The novel solutions of adduct 1 and adduct 2 were mixed with a solution of the corresponding N-methylated quats (with chloride as a counter ion) - whose preparation is carried out by reaction of C _{_12/14} -DMAP-GA with methylene chloride analogously to DE-A-42 38 207 - compared, this is C _{12 /} , _14- DMAP-GA-methyl chloride quat (adduct 3):

Comparative Example 1

Foam:

The surprising properties of the hydrochloride (adduct 1) and the lactate (adduct 2) compared to the methyl chloride quat (adduct 3) are evident for example when the individual surfactants foam. According to Ross-Miles (temperature 37 ° C, water hardness 15 ° dH, time: immediately / 5 minutes), the foam height in millimeters already shows at a critical concentration of 0.03% WAS (active substance) over a pH range of 4 to 9 significant differences, as the summary below shows (the measurement of adduct 2 is only carried out at pH 7).

Comparative Example 2

Influence on viscosity: The difference is also remarkable

Thickenability in combination with ether sulfate (all three products cannot be thickened as a single surfactant!) Under neutral conditions (pH 7). Analyzes were mixtures ^® Genapol LRO (• = registered trade mark of Hoechst), a by oxyalkylation of a C _{_12/14} fatty alcohol with 2 molar equivalents of ethylene oxide, followed by sulfonation prepared Natriumethersulfat (ether sulfate: Prufprodukt = 7: 3) at 15% WAS (measured quantity mPas): Addition of NaCl adduct 1 adduct 2 adduct 3

without addition <100 26 000 <100

+ 0.5% 2 100 20 000 2 000

+ 1.0% 23,000 15,000 6,700

+ 2.0% gel 21,000 20,000

+ 3.0% gel not determined 30,000

+ 4.0% gel not determined 31,000

+ 5.0% gel not determined 17 000

The fact that the lactate (adduct 2) can be greatly thickened without the addition of electrolytes is absolutely exceptional and of great interest for various special applications.

Claims

Expectations

1. Acid adducts of fatty acid polyhydroxyalkylamides of the following formula (1)

CO-R Rl

ZN- (CH ₂ ) _X -N ⁺ -R ² A ~ (1) |

H

wherein

Z is a reduced glycoside residue or oligoglycoside residue with 2 to 6 glycose

Units, x is an integer from 2 to 4, R ^{1 is} a C ¹ -C ₄ -alkyl or C ₂ to C ₄ hydroxyalkyl, R ^{2 is} a C _χ to C ₄ alkyl or

C ₂ to C ₄ -Hydrσxyalkyl, CO-R an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to

22 carbon atoms and A ^"is an anionic residue of an inorganic or organic acid.

2. Acid adducts according to claim 1, characterized in that

Z is a reduced glycoside residue or an oligoglycoside residue with 2 or 3 glycose

Units, x 3,

R ¹ and R ^{2 are} methyl or ethyl and

CO-R is a fatty acyl radical having 8 to 18 carbon atoms. 3. Acid adducts according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that A ~ is an anionic residue of a mineral acid or carboxylic acid.

4. Acid adducts according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that A ~ is a halide, carbonate, phosphate, nitrate or sulfate or a carboxylate.

5. Acid adducts according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that A ~ is a carboxylate.

6. A process for the preparation of acid adducts according to claim 1, characterized in that a fatty acid polyhydroxyalkylamide of the following formula (2)

CO-R Rl ZN ¹ - (CH ₂ ) _χ -N ^l -R 2 ² (2)

HA (3)

Compositions characterized by a content of at least 5% by weight, based on the composition, of at least one acid adduct according to claim 1. 8. Compositions according to claim 7, characterized in that the content of acid adduct is 10 to 70 wt .-%.

9. Compositions according to claim 7, characterized in that they consist essentially of a) 10 to 70% by weight of the acid adduct and b) 30 to 90% by weight of a solvent, the solvent consisting essentially of Water, lower alcohols, lower glycols or a mixture thereof is formed, percentages by weight based on the composition.

10. Compositions according to claim 7, characterized in that they consist essentially of a ') 10 to 70 wt .-% of the acid adduct and b *) 30 to 90 wt .-% of at least one other cationic and / or anionic and / or nonionic and / or amphoteric surfactant, percentages by weight based on the composition.

11. Compositions according to claim 10, characterized in that they are 10 to 70% by weight

Solutions in water, lower alcohols, lower glycols or a mixture thereof are present as solvents, percentages by weight based on the solution.

12. Use of the acid adducts according to claim 1 as a foaming agent and thickener.

13. Use of the compositions according to claim 7 as foaming agents and thickeners.