EP0903399A1 - Lubricant compositions containing thiophosphoric and dithiophosphoric acid esters - Google Patents

Abstract

Lubricating oil contains (a) thiophosphoric ester(s) (I), (b) dithiophosphoric esters or phosphoric thioesters (II) and (c) oil additive(s) (III) selected from polyol partial esters, amines and epoxides. The thiophosphoric esters (I) and dithiophosphoric ester or phosphoric thioesters (II) are of the following formulae: R1, R2, R3 = 3-20 C hydrocarbyl; X = O or S; R1', R2', R3' = optionally substituted 3-20C hydrocarbyl . An Independent claim is also included for a concentrate containing (I), (II) and (III).

Description

The invention relates to improved compositions with thiophosphoric acid esters and Dithiophosphoric acid esters or phosphoric acid thioesters and the use of these Lubricant compositions to improve the performance properties of Lubricants such as greases, metalworking, gear or hydraulic fluids.

Additives are added to the lubricants mentioned, which perform demanding tasks, such as high load-bearing capacity, wear and corrosion protection as well as antioxidant effects, have to meet. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates are suitable for this, but one strives to replace them with metal-free connections for reasons of environmental protection. Especially in agriculture or in general in mobile hydraulic systems where due to leaks the risk of soil or water contamination with zinc compounds the use of metal-free hydraulic fluids is required. It there is therefore a need for metal-free and ash-free additives. Suitable hydraulic fluids the specifications of the leading hydraulic machine manufacturers, e.g. Meet Denison HFO (Denison Hydraulics) or Vickers M-2980-S (Vickers) and be compatible with water. Furthermore, they should be in accordance with the specifications of DIN 51524 and Denison HFO achieve an error load level (FLS) of at least 10 in the FZG test.

bekannt, welche unter dem Handelsnamen Irgalube®63 (Warenzeichen der Ciba Spezialitätenchemie) kommerziell erhältlich sind.As oil additives for liquids are dithiophosphoric acid esters of the type:

known, which are commercially available under the trade name Irgalube®63 (trademark of Ciba Specialty Chemicals).

US Pat. No. 5,531,911 describes zinc-free hydraulic fluids which contain phosphorus and sulfur-containing additive components. One component is a triphenylthiophosphate (IRGALUBE TPPT) thiophosphoric acid ester. This is combined with IRGALUBE 63 dithiophosphoric acid esters and optional oil additive components, eg ammonium sulfonates.

Such formulations are disadvantageous because of their lack of compatibility with water. The contamination of a hydraulic oil with water is particularly important in mobile hydraulic systems often. Because of the use of phosphorus and sulfur-containing additives hydrolytic degradation takes place with formation of corrosive decomposition products, which the metals used in the hydraulic systems, e.g. Steel and copper alloys, attack and cause damage to the hydraulic pumps. It can also agglomerations of these decomposition products, the filters of bypass filtration systems To block. Since the service life of hydraulic systems is characterized by fine filtering The filter mesh sizes of modern bypass filtration systems are significantly longer reduced from 30 µm to 6 µm today. Therefore, only such are Hydraulic oils to be used which, when contaminated with water, contain only the smallest quantities of Form hydrolytic decomposition products.

The present invention has for its object compositions with improved Establish compatibility with water, which has a much lower tendency to Have formation of unwanted hydrolysis products.

It has surprisingly been found that compositions with thiophosphoric acid esters combined with dithiophosphoric acid esters or phosphoric acid thioesters Addition of another additive component from the group of polyol partial esters, amines and Epoxies have a significantly lower tendency to form when contaminated with water have corrosive hydrolysis products and very good filtration properties. By adding other oil additives, e.g. B. ammonium phosphate esters, can Increase load-bearing capacity and reach FZG error load levels ≥ 10.

a) ein Grundöl mit schmierender Viskosität;

b) mindestens einen Thiophosphorsäureester der Formel:

worin R₁, R₂ und R₃ C₃-C₂₀-Kohlenwasserstoffreste darstellen; und

c) mindestens einen Dithiophosphorsäureester oder Phosphorsäurethioester der Formel:

worin X Sauerstoff oder Schwefel und R₁, R₂ und R₃ unsubstituierte oder substituierte C₃-C₂₀-Kohlenwasserstoffreste darstellen; und

d) mindestens ein Öladditiv aus der Gruppe der Polyolpartialester, Amine und Epoxide.

The invention relates to compositions comprising:

a) a base oil with lubricating viscosity;

b) at least one thiophosphoric ester of the formula:

wherein R ₁ , R ₂ and R _{3 are} C ₃ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon residues; and

c) at least one dithiophosphoric acid ester or phosphoric acid thioester of the formula:

wherein X represents oxygen or sulfur and R ₁ , R ₂ and R _{3 are} unsubstituted or substituted C ₃ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon radicals; and

d) at least one oil additive from the group of the polyol partial esters, amines and epoxides.

a) ein Grundöl mit schmierender Viskosität, welches man für Fette, Metallbearbeitungs-, Getriebe- und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten verwendet;

b) mindestens einen Thiophosphorsäureester der Formel I, worin R₁, R₂ und R₃ C₃-C₂₀-Kohlenwasserstoffreste darstellen;

c) mindestens einen Dithiophosphorsäureester der Formel II, worin X Schwefel und R₁, R₂ und R₃ unsubstituierte C₃-C₁₀-Kohlenwasserstoffreste oder worin R₁ und R₂ unsubstituierte C₃-C₁₀-Kohlenwasserstoffreste und R₃ einen substituierten C₃-C₁₀-Kohlenwasserstoffrest darstellen;

d) mindestens ein Öladditiv aus der Gruppe der Polyolpartialester, Amine und Epoxide;

e) ein Ammoniumphosphatester der Formel:

worin R₁ und R₂ C₁-C₂₀-Kohlenwasserstoffreste und R_a, R_b, R_c und R_d unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₂₀-Kohlenwasserstoffreste darstellen; und

f) übliche Öladditive.

A preferred embodiment relates to compositions comprising:

a) a base oil with lubricating viscosity, which is used for greases, metal working, gear and hydraulic fluids;

b) at least one thiophosphoric ester of the formula I, in which R ₁ , R ₂ and R _{3 are} C ₃ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon radicals;

c) at least one dithiophosphoric acid ester of the formula II, in which X is sulfur and R ₁ , R ₂ and R _{3 are} unsubstituted C ₃ -C ₁₀ hydrocarbon radicals or in which R ₁ and R _{2 are} unsubstituted C ₃ -C ₁₀ hydrocarbon radicals and R _{3 is} a substituted C Represent ₃ -C ₁₀ hydrocarbon residue;

d) at least one oil additive from the group of the polyol partial esters, amines and epoxides;

e) an ammonium phosphate ester of the formula:

wherein R ₁ and R _{2 are} C ₁ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon radicals and R _a , R _b , R _c and R _d independently represent hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon radicals; and

f) usual oil additives.

A particularly preferred embodiment relates to compositions in which the phosphorus content the thiophosphoric acid component b), combined with the dithiophosphoric acid ester or phosphoric acid thioester component c), based on the composition with components a), b) and c), is less than 400 ppm.

A very particularly preferred embodiment relates to compositions in which the Phosphorus content of the thiophosphoric acid component b), combined with the dithiophosphoric acid ester or phosphoric acid thioester component c) and the Ammonium phosphate ester component e), based on the total composition, less than 400 ppm.

The compositions are multifunctional wear protection additives - with additional ones antioxidant effect - for lubricants such as greases, metalworking, gear or hydraulic fluids are particularly suitable. They are largely free of metal and ash and meet the specified specifications. Surprisingly, mixtures of Components b) and c) in base oil a) at phosphorus concentrations less than 400 ppm Phosphorus very good antiwear properties, i.e. very good VKA (test in a four-ball device) and SRV (vibration-friction-wear) values. These mixtures have the addition of Additive component from the group of polyol partial esters, amines and epoxides (component d)) very good filtration properties when contaminated with water. By adding FZG error load levels ≥ 10 can be achieved with other oil additives (components e). Such mixtures meet the hydraulic machine specifications of leading manufacturers, especially Denison HFO.

The terms and definitions used in the description of the present invention preferably have the following meanings:

Component a)

A base oil with a lubricating viscosity is used for the production of greases, metalworking, Gear and hydraulic fluids can be used.

Suitable greases, metalworking, gear and hydraulic fluids are based, for example, on mineral or synthetic oils or mixtures thereof. The lubricants are familiar to the person skilled in the art and in the relevant specialist literature, for example in Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants; Mortier, RM and Orszulik, ST (Editors); 1992 Blackie and Son Ltd. for GB, VCH-Publishers NY for US, ISBN 0-216-92921-0, see pages 208 ff and 269 ff; in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Fourth Edition 1969, J. Wiley & Sons, New York, Vol. 13, page 533 ff. (Hydraulic Fluids); Performance Testing of Hydraulic Fluids; R. Tourret and EP Wright, Hyden & Son Ltd. GB, on behalf of The Institute of Petroleum London, ISBN 0 85501 317 6; Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Ind. Chem., Fifth Completely Revised Edition, Verlag Chemie, DE-Weinheim, VCH-Publishers for US, Vol. A 15, page 423 ff (lubricants), Vol. A 13, page 165 ff (hydraulic fluids) described.

The lubricants are in particular oils and fats, for example based on mineral oil or vegetable and animal oils, fats, tallow and wax or their mixtures. Vegetable and animal oils, fats, tallow and wax are, for example, palm kernel oil, palm oil, Olive oil, rape oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, cotton oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil, Corn oil, castor oil, walnut oil and mixtures thereof, fish oils, and their chemically modified, e.g. epoxidized and sulfoxidized, or genetically engineered Molds, such as genetically engineered soybean oil.

Examples of synthetic lubricants include aliphatic based lubricants or aromatic carboxy esters, polymeric esters, polyalkylene oxides, phosphoric acid esters, Poly-α-olefins or silicones, the diester of a dibasic acid with a monohydric alcohol, such as Dioctyl sebacate or dinonyl adipate, a trieste of Trimethylolpropane with a monohydric acid or with a mixture of such acids, such as e.g. Trimethylolpropane tripelargonate, trimethylolpropane tricaprylate or mixtures thereof, a tetraester of pentaerythritol with a monovalent acid or with a mixture such acids, e.g. Pentaerythritol tetracaprylate, or a complex ester of monovalent and dihydric acids with polyhydric alcohols, e.g. a complex ester trimethylolpropane with caprylic and sebacic acid or a mixture thereof. Especially In addition to mineral oils, e.g. Poly-a-olefins, lubricants based on esters, Phosphates, glycols, polyglycols and polyalkylene glycols, as well as their mixtures with Water.

The lubricants mentioned or mixtures thereof can also be mixed with an organic one. or inorganic. Thickener must be offset (basic grease). Metalworking fluids and hydraulic fluids can be made from the same substances as described above for the lubricants. Often these are also Emulsions of such substances in water or other liquids.

Component b) - thiophosphoric acid ester:

R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ with the meaning C ₃ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon radical are preferably C ₃ -C ₂₀ alkyl, C ₅ -C ₁₂ cycloalkyl, C ₅ -C ₁₂ cycloalkyl-C ₁ -C ₄ - alkyl, phenyl, C ₇ -C ₂₀ alkylphenyl, C ₇ -C ₂₀ alkoxyphenyl, naphthyl and C ₇ -C ₉ phenylalkyl.

C ₃ -C ₂₀ alkyl comprises branched or unbranched alkyl radicals. Examples include n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-heptyl, 3-heptyl , 1-methylhexyl, isoheptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, n-nonyl, 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n -Dodecyl, 1-methylundecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-heptadecyl or n-octadecyl. A particularly preferred radical for R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ is isopropyl. The meanings of R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ can be the same or different. Thiophosphoric acid esters of the formula I are known, for example US Pat. No. 5,531,911.

C ₅ -C ₁₂ cycloalkyl are, for example, cyclopentyl or hexyl. C ₅ -C ₁₂ cycloalkyl-C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl is, for example, cyclopentylmethyl, 2-cyclopentylethyl, cyclohexylmethyl or 2-cyclohexylethyl.

C ₇ -C ₂₀ alkylphenyl is phenyl which is substituted, for example, by one to three of the C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl radicals described above or one or two C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl radicals or a C ₁ -C ₁₂ alkyl radical.

C ₇ -C ₂₀ alkoxyphenyl is phenyl which is substituted, for example, by one to three C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy radicals, in particular methoxy or ethoxy, or one or two C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy radicals or a C ₁ -C ₁₂ alkoxy radical is, which are analogous to the alkyl radicals mentioned above.

C ₇ -C ₉ phenylalkyl is, for example, benzyl, 1-phenyl-1-ethyl or 2-phenyl-1-ethyl.

worin x 0 bis 2,7, y 3 - (x + z), z 0 bis 3 - (x + y) und x + y + z = 3 ist, und Ar Phenyl, C₇-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl, C₇-C₁₈-Alkoxyphenyl, Naphthyl und C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl mit den weiter vorn angegebenen Bedeutungen darstellen. Die Herstellung dieser Thiophosphorsäureester ist in EP-A-368 803 beschrieben. Als Thiophosphorsäureester der Formel I' sind Triarylthiophosphatgemische vom Typ IRGALUBE 211 mit den Inhaltsstoffen wie n-Decylphenyl-nnonylphenyl-phenylthiophosphat, o-tert.-Butylphenyl-o-isopropylphenyl- phenylthiophosphat oder n-Hexylphenyl-phenylthiophosphat-Gemische bevorzugt.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, component b) consists of a mixture of thiophosphoric esters of the formula:

wherein x is 0 to 2.7, y 3 - (x + z), z 0 to 3 - (x + y) and x + y + z = 3, and Ar is phenyl, C ₇ -C ₁₈ -alkylphenyl, C Represent ₇ -C ₁₈ alkoxyphenyl, naphthyl and C ₇ -C ₉ phenylalkyl with the meanings given above. The preparation of these thiophosphoric esters is described in EP-A-368 803 . Preferred thiophosphoric acid esters of the formula I 'are triarylthiophosphate mixtures of the IRGALUBE 211 type with the ingredients such as n-decylphenyl-nnonylphenylphenylthiophosphate, o-tert.-butylphenyl-o-isopropylphenylphenylthiophosphate or n-hexylphenylphenylphenylthiophosphate.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, component b) from a triphenylthiophosphate (IRGALUBE TPPT) thiophosphoric acid ester.

Component c) - dithiophosphoric acid ester or phosphoric acid thioester:

In a compound (II), X is preferably sulfur. R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ with the meaning of unsubstituted C ₃ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon radical have the meanings given above under component b) - thiophosphoric acid esters -, in particular C ₃ -C ₂₀ alkyl.

worin R_x und R_y Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₄-Alkyl bedeuten, oder das entsprechende Carboxylatsalz. Bevorzugte Bedeutungen von A sind 2-Carboxyeth-1-yl oder 2-C₁-C₄-Alkoxycarbonyleth-1-yl, z.B. Methoxycarbonyleth-1-yl oder Ethoxycarbonylethl -yl, oder Carboxylatsalze davon.In a preferred compound (II) R ₁ and R _{2 are} unsubstituted C ₃ -C ₁₀ hydrocarbon radicals and R ₃ represents a substituted C ₃ -C ₁₀ hydrocarbon radical. A substituted C ₃ -C ₁₀ hydrocarbon radical R ₃ is preferably by Carboxy or esterified carboxy substituted C ₂ -C ₄ alkyl, for example of the sub-formula:

wherein R _x and R _{y are} hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, or the corresponding carboxylate salt. Preferred meanings of A are 2-carboxyeth-1-yl or 2-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkoxycarbonyleth-1-yl, for example methoxycarbonyleth-1-yl or ethoxycarbonylethl -yl, or carboxylate salts thereof.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the component b) used is a dithiophosphoric acid ester of the IRGALUBE 63 type, which has the structural formula given further, optionally in a mixture with another dithiophosphoric acid ester of the formula II, in which R ₁ and R _{2 is} isopropyl, isobutyl or 2 -Ethylhexyl mean, and R _{3 has} the meaning of partial formula A, wherein R _x and R _{y are} hydrogen, and 2-carboxy-1-ethyl.

Dithiophosphoric acid esters and phosphoric acid thioesters are known. Their manufacture is described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 4,333,841; 4,544,492 and 3,784,588 and in British Patent 1,569,730 .

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the phosphorus content of the components is b) and c), based on the composition with components a), b) and c), less than 400 ppm. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the phosphorus content is of components b) and c) based on the composition with the components a), b) and c) 150 - 390 ppm, especially 160 - 370 ppm. The weight ratio of components b) and c) with one another can range from approximately 10:90 to 95: 5 Weight percent vary.

Component d) - polyol partial esters, amines and epoxides

By adding another additive component from the group of the polyol partial esters, Amines and epoxies get better compositions when contaminated Compatibility with water. Suitable oil additives are polyol partial esters, e.g. B. from the group the mono- and diglycerides, monoacetylated or diacetylated monoglycerides, polyglycerol fatty acid esters, Sorbitan fatty acid esters and partial fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan. These oil additives are added in a concentration of approx. 0.01 - 2.0%.

Suitable mono- and diglycerides are from glycerin by esterification of one or two Hydroxy groups with one or two acid residues of saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acids and an even number of 8-20 C atoms.

The acid residue of a saturated carboxylic acid with an even number of 8-20 C atoms, which esterified the polyglycerol base, is preferably straight-chain with 12, 14, 16 and 18 carbon atoms, e.g. n-dodecanoyl, n-tetradecanoyl, n-hexadecanoyl or n-octadecanoyl.

The acid residue of an unsaturated carboxylic acid with an even number of 8-20 C atoms, which esterifies the glycerol base is preferably straight-chain with 12, 14, 16 and 18 C atoms and has 1 double bond, e.g. 9-cis-dodecenoyl, 9-cis-tetradecenoyl, 9-cis-hexadecenoyl or 9-cis-octadecenoyl.

The following terms are also used for the acid residues mentioned: 9-cis-dodecenoyl (Lauroleoyl), 9-cis-tetradecenoyl (Myristoleoyl), 9-cis-hexadecenoyl (Palmitoleoyl), 6-cis-octadecenoyl (petroseloyl), 6-trans-octadecenoyl (petroselaidoyl), 9-cis-octadecenoyl (Oleoyl), 9-trans octadecenoyl (elaidoyl), 11-cis octadecenoyl (Vaccenoyl), 9-cis-lcosenoyl (Gadoleoyl), n-dodecanoyl (Lauroyl), n-tetradecanoyl (Myristoyl), n-hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl), n-octadecanoyl (stearoyl), n-lcosanoyl (arachidoyl).

Particularly suitable mono- and diglycerides are Loxiol® G 10 and G 16 (Henkel), Nutrisoft® 100 (Grünau), Kessco GMO (Akzo) or Edenor®GMO, GDO (Henkel) commercially available.

A suitable monoacetylated or diacetylated monoglyceride is a monoglyceride that in addition to the acyl residue of a fatty acid, preferably one or two acetyl residues having. The acyl radical is preferably derived from one of the unsaturated fatty acids mentioned with more than ten and an even number of carbon atoms. A monoglyceride is preferred, which consists of a mixture of monoacetylated or diacetylated monoglycerides using the usual separation methods, e.g. fractional distillation, available is.

Particularly preferred are acetylated monoglycerides, which are commercially available under the trademark MYVACET (Eastman) are available. Acetylated MYVACET series monoglycerides find as lubricants, plasticizers, non-ionic emulsifiers and solubilizers technical use. They are particularly preferred commercially under the name MYVACET 5-07, 7-00, 7-07, 9-08, 9-40 and 9-45 K products available.

A suitable polyglycerol fatty acid ester consists of an essentially pure or a mixture of different polyglycerol fatty acid esters, in which the polyglycerol base preferably contains up to and including 10 glycerol units with 1-10 acid residues the stated saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acids and an even number of 8-20 C atoms are esterified.

Suitable polyglycerol fatty acid esters with a uniformly defined structure are, for example diglycerol monocaprate, diglycerol monolaurate, diglycerol diisostearate, diglycerol monoisostearate, diglycerol tetrastearate (polyglycerol 2-tetrastearate), triglycerol monooleate (polyglyceryl 3-monooleate), triglycerol monolaurate, triglycerol monostearate (polyglycerol 3-stearate), triglycerol monoisosterate, hexaglycerol dioleate (polyglycerol 6-dioleates), hexaglycerol distearate (polyglycerol 6-distearate), decaglycerol dioleate (polyglycerol 10-dioleates), decaglycerol tetraoleates (polyglycerol 10-tetraoleates), decaglycerol decaoleate (polyglycerol 10-decaoleate), decaglycerol decastearate (polyglycerol 10-decastearate). The CTFA nomenclature is given in brackets. These products are commercially under the word trademark Caprol® (trademark of Karlshamns USA Inc., Columbus Ohio). Exact product names: CAPROL 2G4S, 3GO, 3GS, 6G2O, 6G2S, 10G2O, 10G4O, 10G10O, 10G10S. Other products are under the names DGLC-MC, DGLC-ML, DGLC-DISOS, DGLC-MISOS, TGLC-ML and TGLC-MISOS available from Solvay Alkali GmbH, D-3002 Hanover.

Mixtures of various polyglycerol fatty acid esters are available under names such as decaglycerol mono-, di-oleates, polyglycerol esters of mixed fatty acids, polyglycerol esters of fatty acids, polyglycerol caprate, cocoate, laurate, lanolinate, isostearate or rizinolate defined and commercially under the word marks Triodan® and Homodan® (trademark of Grindsted Products, Grindsted Denmark), exact product names: TRIODAN 20, 55, R90 and HOMODAN MO, Radiamuls® (trademark of Petrofina (FINA), Bruxelles Belgium), exact product name RADIAMULS Poly 2253, the name CAPROL PGE860 or ET, or the word mark Plurol® (trademark Gattefossé Etablissements, Saint-Priest, France), exact product name PLUROL Stearique WL1009 or PLUROL Oleique WL1173 available. Other products are under the names PGLC-C1010S, PGLC-C0810, PGLC-C1010 / S, PGLC-LT2010, PGLC-LAN0510 / S, PGLC-CT2010 / 90, PGLC-ISOSTUE, PGLC-RUE, PGLC-ISOS0410 from Solvay Alkali GmbH, D-3002 Hannover available.

A suitable sorbitan fatty acid ester preferably consists of an essentially pure one or a mixture of different sorbitan fatty acid esters, wherein the sorbitan base with 1-3 acid residues of one of the above-mentioned saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain Carboxylic acids and an even number of 8-20 carbon atoms is esterified.

Suitable sorbitan fatty acid esters are especially sorbitan monolaurate, monopalmitate, monostearate, tristearate, monooleate, sesquioleate and trioleate. These products are commercially available under the word marks Span® (trademark of Atlas, Wilmington USA), exact product names: SPAN 20, 40, 60, 65, 80 and 85, Arlacel® (trademark of Atlas), exact product names: ARLACEL 20, 40, 60, 80, 83, 85 and C, Crill ^/ (trademark of Croda Chemicals Ltd., Cowick Hall, Snaith Goole GB), exact product names: CRILL 1, 3 and 4, Dehymuls® (trademark of Henkel, Düsseldorf DE), exact product names: DEHYMULS SML, SMO, SMS, SSO, Famodan® (trademark of Grindsted Products, Grindsted Denmark), exact product names: FAMODAN MS and TS, Capmul® (trademark of Karlshamns USA Inc., Columbus Ohio), exact product names: CAPMULS and O, Radiasurf® (trademark of Petrofina (FINA), Bruxelles Belgium), exact product names:
RADIASURF7125, 7135, 7145 and 7155 available.

The partial fatty acid ester of polyoxyethylene sorbitan mentioned preferably consists of a substantially pure or a mixture of different esters of sorbitan, wherein the structure of the fatty acid groups and the length of the polyoxyethylene chains vary. The Sorbitan is preferably etherified by three polyoxyethylene chains and by a fatty acid group esterified. However, the sorbitan can only be produced by one or two polyoxyethylene chains etherified and correspondingly esterified by two or three fatty acid groups. Overall, the sorbitan base body is hydrophilic by at least two and at most four Groups substituted, the polyoxyethylene chains under the term hydrophilic group and fatty acid groups can be summarized.

The polyoxyethylene chain is straight-chain and preferably has 4-10, in particular 4-8, Ethylene oxide units. The ester groups on the sorbitan base are of a saturated one or unsaturated, straight-chain carboxylic acid with an even number of 8-20 C atoms derived. The ester group derived from this carboxylic acid is preferably straight chain with 12, 14, 16 and 18 carbon atoms, e.g. n-dodecanoyl, n-tetradecanoyl, n-hexadecanoyl or n-octadecanoyl. An even numbered unsaturated carboxylic acid Ester group derived from 8-20 C atoms is preferably straight-chain with 12, 14, 16 and 18 carbon atoms, e.g. Oleoyl.

Suitable partial fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan are under the word sign Tween® commercially available from ICI and the chemical names polyoxyethylene (20 or 4) sorbitan monolaurate (TWEEN 20 and 21), polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate or monostearate (TWEEN 40 and 60), polyoxyethylene (4 or 20) sorbitan monostearate or tristearate (TWEEN 61 and 65), polyoxyethylene (20 or 5) sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN 80 or 81) or polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan trioleate (TWEEN 85) are known.

Suitable amines are, for example, primary or secondary amines with the C ₁ -C ₂₀ -alkyl radicals described above, in particular C ₂ -C ₂₀ -alkyl, which can be substituted by hydroxyl (alkanolamines) or interrupted by oxygen (etheramines), or polyoxyalkylene diamines or polyoxyalkylene polyamines, furthermore primary or secondary amines with C ₅ -C ₆ cycloalkyl radicals, for example cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl radicals.

Suitable alkanolamines are e.g. Ethanolamine, isopropanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2- (2-aminoethoxy) ethanol, 3-amino-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol or 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol.

Suitable alkanolamines are e.g. under the word signs Ethomeen and Propomeen (Armak Chemical Div. Of Akzona, Inc., Chicago USA) commercially available, e.g. the products ETHOMEEN C / 15, C / 20, C / 25, O / 12, S / 15, S / 20, T / 12, T / 15 or T / 25 or the corresponding Products from the PROPOMEEN range.

Suitable ether amines are primary ether amines, which come under the word Surfam (Mars Chemical Co., Atlanta USA) are commercially available, e.g. the products SURFAM P14B (decyloxypropylamine) or P16A or P17B (tridecyloxypropylamine).

Suitable polyoxyalkylene diamines are e.g. B. Ethoxylomeen® alkoxylated diamines (Armak), e.g. the products T / 13 and T / 20. Suitable polyoxyalkylene polyamines are e.g. commercially available under the word mark JEFFAMINE (Jefferson Chemical Co.), e.g. the products D-230, D-400, D-1000, D-2000 or T-403.

Suitable epoxides are, for example, C ₄ -C ₂₀ epoxyalkanes, for example epoxybutane, or esters of C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ fatty acids, namely esters of epoxidized fatty acids with monohydric alcohols or polyhydric alcohols, for example glycerides. Epoxidized esters of fatty acids with monohydric alcohols, for example straight-chain and branched C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl-C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkoxy, aryl or C ₅ -C ₈ cycloalkyl esters of C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ fatty acids, for example, are preferred Cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl, n-butyl, n-hexyl, benzyl, methoxyethyl, n-octyl, phenyl or tert-butylphenyl epoxy stearate or oleate, and epoxidized soybean oil or linseed oil or epoxidized natural oils and fats, the are known for a high content of unsaturated fatty acids.

Component e) - ammonium phosphate ester:

In an ammonium phosphate ester of the formula III, R ₁ and R _{2 are} C ₁ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon radicals and R _a , R _b , R _c and R _d independently of one another are hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon radicals. R ₁ and R ₂ and R _a , R _b , R _c and R _d with the meaning C ₁ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon radical are preferably C ₁ -C ₇ alkyl, for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t- Butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl or n-heptyl.

The ammonium phosphate ester is used in a low concentration of approximately 200 to 500 ppm added. This additive gives the hydraulic oil a particularly good load-bearing capacity (FZG error load levels ≥ 10). In the preferred embodiment, the total phosphorus content is components b), c) and e), based on the total composition, less than 400 ppm.

Component f) - oil additives:

The lubricant compositions mentioned, e.g. Greases, gear, metalworking and hydraulic fluids can additionally contain other additives that are added to improve their basic properties even further. These include: antioxidants, Metal deactivators, rust inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, Dispersants, detergents, high-pressure additives and antiwear additives. Such additives are added in the amounts customary for them in the range of each about 0.01 to 10.0% by weight. The following are examples of other additives:

Examples of phenolic antioxidants:

1.1. Alkylated monophenols, e.g. 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert- butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-di-cyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2- (a-methylcyclohexyl) -4,6-dimethylphenol, 2, 6-di-octadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tri-cyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, linear or branched nonylphenols such as 2,6-di-nonyl, for example -4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6- (1'-methyl-undec-1'-yl) phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6- (1'-methyl-heptadec-1'-yl) -phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6- (1'-methyl-tridec-1'-yl) phenol and mixtures thereof.

1.2. Alkylthiomethylphenols, for example 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-didodecylthiomethyl-4 -nonylphenol.

1.3. Hydroquinones and alkali hydroquinones, for example 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amyl-hydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl- 4-octadecyloxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di- tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl stearate, bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) adipate.

1.4. Tocopherols, e.g. α-, β-, γ- or δ- and mixtures thereof (vitamin E).

1.5. Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers, for example 2,2'-thio-bis (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thio-bis (4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thio-bis (6-tert -butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thio-bis (6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4'-thio-bis (3,6-di-sec.-amylphenol), 4,4'-bis (2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide.

1.6. Alkylidene bisphenols, for example 2,2'-methylene-bis (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis (6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'- Methylene bis [4-methyl-6- (a-methylcyclohexyl) phenol], 2,2'-methylene bis (4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylene bis (6-nonyl- 4-methyphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis (4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidene-bis (4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'- Ethylidene-bis (6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis [6- (a-methylbenzyl) -4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-methylene-bis [6- (a , a-dimethylbenzyl) -4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-methylene-bis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylene-bis (6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol) , 1,1-bis (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl) butane, 2,6-bis (3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl) -4-methylphenol, 1 , 1,3-tris (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl) butane, 1,1-bis (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl) -3-n -dodecyl mercaptobutane, ethylene glycol bis [3,3-bis (3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl) butyrate], bis (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) dicyclopentadiene, To [2- (3'- tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl-benzyl) -6-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenyl] terephthalate, 1,1-bis (3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) butane , 2,2-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl) -4-n-dodecylmercapto -butane, 1,1,5,5-tetra- (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl) pentane.

1.7. O-, N- and S-benzyl compounds, for example 3,5,3 ', 5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl-mercaptoacetate, tridecyl- 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl mercaptoacetate, tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) amine, bis (4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6) -dimethylbenzyl) dithioterephthalate, bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, isooctyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-mercaptoacetate.

1.8. Hydroxybenzylated malonates, e.g. dioctadecyl-2,2-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl) malonate, di-octadecyl-2- (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl) -malonate, di-dodecyl-mercaptoethyl-2,2-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -malonate, di- [4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-butyl) -phenyl] -2,2-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) malonate.

1.9. Hydroxybenzyl aromatics, for example 1,3,5-tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 1,4-bis (3,5-di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene, 2,4,6-tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) phenol.

1.10. Triazine compounds, e.g. 2,4-bis-octylmercapto-6- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino) -1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis (3,5 -di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino) -1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy) -1,3,5 -triazine, 2,4,6-tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy) -1,2,3-triazine, 1,3,5-tris (3,5-di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris (4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) isocyanurate, 2,4,6-tris (3,5-di- tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris (3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate.

1.11. Acylaminophenols, for example 4-hydroxylauric anilide, 4-hydroxystearic anilide, N- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) carbamic acid octyl ester.

1.12. Esters of beta (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, such as with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol , 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris (hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, N, N'-bis (hydroxyethyl) oxalic acid diamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3 -Thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo- [2.2.2] octane.

1.13. Esters of beta (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, such as with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol , 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris (hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, N, N'-bis (hydroxyethyl) oxalic acid diamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3- Thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo [2.2.2] octane.

1.14. Esters of beta- (3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, such as with methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1 , 2-propanediol, neopentylglycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris (hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, N, N'-bis (hydroxyethyl) oxalic acid diamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, trimethyl 1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo [2.2.2] octane.

1.15. Esters of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, such as with methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2 Propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris (hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, N, N'-bis (hydroxyethyl) oxalic acid diamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropanediol, trimethylolpropanediol, trimethylolpropanediol phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo- [2.2.2] octane.

1.16. Amides of beta (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, such as, for example, N, N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) hexamethylene diamine, N, N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) trimethylene diamine, N, N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) hydrazine.

1.17. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

1.18. Amine antioxidants such as N, N'-di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-bis (1,4-dimethyl-pentyl) -p -phenylenediamine, N, N'-bis (1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl) -p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-bis (1-methyl-heptyl) -p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-dicyclohexyl- p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-di- (naphthyl-2) -p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N- (1, 3-dimethyl-butyl) -N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N- (1-methyl-heptyl) -N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4- (p-toluenesulfonamido) diphenylamine, N, N'-dimethyl-N, N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, diphenylamine, N-allyldiphenylamine, 4-isopropoxy-diphenylamine, N-phenyl-1- naphthylamine, N- (4-tert-octylphenyl) -1-naphthylamine, N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, octylated diphenylamine, e.g. p, p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4-n-butylaminophenol, 4-butyrylaminophenol, 4 -Nonanoylamino-phenol, 4-dodecanoylamino-phenol, 4-octadecanoylaminophenol, di- (4-methoxyphenyl) amine, 2,6-di-tert-but yl-4-dimethylamino-methyl-phenol, 2,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane, 4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane, 1 , 2-Di - [(2-methylphenyl) amino] ethane, 1,2-di- (phenylamino) propane, (o-tolyl) biguanide, di- [4- (1 ', 3' -dimethyl-butyl) -phenyl] amine, tert-octylated N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl / tert-octyldiphenylamines, mixture of mono- and dialkylated nonyldiphenylamines, mixture of mono- and dialkylated dodecyldiphenylamines , Mixture of mono- and dialkylated isopropyl / isohexyl-diphenylamines, mixtures of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyldiphenylamines, 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazine, phenothiazine, mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl / tert-octyl-phenothiazines, mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-octyl-phenothiazines, N-allylphenothiazine, N, N, N ', N'-tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene, N , N-bis- (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl-hexamethylenediamine, bis- (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-4 -yl) sebacate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethypiperidin-4-one, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol.

Examples of other antioxidants:

Aliphatic or aromatic phosphites, esters of thiodipropionic acid or thiodiacetic acid, or salts of dithiocarbamic or dithiophosphoric acid, 2,2,12,12-tetramethyl-5,9-dihydroxy-3,7,11-trithiatridecane and 2,2,15,15-tetramethyl-5,12-dihydroxy-3,7,10,14-tetrathiahexadecane.

Examples of metal deactivators, e.g. for copper:

a) Benzotriazoles and their derivatives, e.g. 2-mercaptobenzotriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenzotriazole, 4- or 5-alkylbenzotriazoles (e.g. tolutriazole) and their derivatives, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzotriazole, 5,5'-methylene-bis-benzotriazole; Mannich bases of benzotriazole or tolutriazole such as 1- [di (2-ethylhexyl) aminomethyl)] tolutriazole and 1- [di (2-ethylhexyl) aminomethyl)] benzotriazole; Alkoxyalkyl benzotriazoles such as 1- (nonyloxymethyl) benzotriazole, 1- (1-butoxyethyl) benzotriazole and 1- (1-cyclohexyloxybutyl) tolutriazole.

b) 1,2,4-triazoles and their derivatives, e.g. 3-alkyl (or aryl) - 1,2,4-triazoles, Mannich bases of 1,2,4-triazoles such as 1- [di (2-ethylhexyl) aminomethyl-1,2,4-triazole; Alkoxyalkyl-1,2,4-triazoles such as 1- (1-butoxyethyl) -1,2,4-triazole; acylated 3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles.

c) imidazole derivatives, e.g. 4,4'-methylene-bis (2-undecyl-5-methylimidazole), bis [(N-methyl) imidazol-2-yl] carbinol octyl ether.

d) sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds, e.g. 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenzothiadiazole and its derivatives; 3,5-bis [di- (2-ethylhexyl) aminomethyl] -1 , 3,4-thiadiazolin-2-one.

e) amino compounds, e.g. Salicylidene-propylenediamine, salicylaminoguanidine and their Salts.

Examples of rust inhibitors:

a) Organic acids, their esters, metal salts, amine salts and anhydrides, e.g. Alkyl and Alkenyl succinic acids and their partial esters with alcohols, diols or hydroxycarboxylic acids, Partial amides of alkyl and alkenyl succinic acids, 4-nonylphenoxyacetic acid, Alkoxy and alkoxyethoxycarboxylic acids such as dodecyloxyacetic acid, dodecyloxy (ethoxy) acetic acid and their amine salts, furthermore N-oleoyl sarcosine, sorbitan mono-oleate, lead naphthenate, Alkenyl succinic anhydrides, e.g. Dodecenyl succinic anhydride, 2- (2-carboxyethyl) -1-dodecyl-3-methylglycerol and its salts, especially sodium and triethanolamine salts.

i. Tertiäre aliphatische oder cycloaliphatische Amine und Amin-Salze von organischen und anorganischen Säuren, z.B. öllösliche Alkylammoniumcarboxylate, ferner 1-[N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-3-(4-nonylphenoxy)propan-2-ol.

ii. Heterocyclische Verbindungen, z.B.: Substituierte Imidazoline und Oxazoline, z.B. 2-Heptadecenyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-imidazolin

b) nitrogen-containing compounds, for example:

i. Tertiary aliphatic or cycloaliphatic amines and amine salts of organic and inorganic acids, for example oil-soluble alkylammonium carboxylates, and also 1- [N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amino] -3- (4-nonylphenoxy) propan-2-ol.

ii. Heterocyclic compounds, for example: Substituted imidazolines and oxazolines, for example 2-heptadecenyl-1- (2-hydroxyethyl) imidazoline

c) Sulfur-containing compounds, e.g. barium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonates, calcium petroleum sulfonates, Alkylthio-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acids, esters of aliphatic 2-sulfocarboxylic acids and their salts.

Examples of viscosity index improvers: polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, vinyl pyrrolidone / methacrylate copolymers, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, polybutenes, olefin copolymers, styrene / acrylate copolymers, polyethers.

Examples of pour point depressants: poly (meth) acrylates, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, alkylpolystyrenes, fumarate copolymers, alkylated naphthalene derivatives.

Examples of dispersants / surfactants: polybutenylsuccinic acid amides or imides, polybutenylphosphonic acid derivatives, basic magnesium, calcium and barium sulfonates and phenolates.

Examples of high pressure and wear protection additives:

Sulfur and halogen containing compounds such as chlorinated paraffins, sulfurized olefins or vegetable oils (soybean oil, rapeseed oil), alkyl or aryl di- or trisulfides, benzotriazoles or their derivatives such as bis (2-ethylhexyl) aminomethyl tolutriazole, dithiocarbamates such as methylene bis-dibutyldithiocarbamate, Derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole such as 1- [N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl) aminomethyl] -2-mercapto-1H-1,3-benzothiazole, Derivatives of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole such as 2,5-bis (tert.nonyldithio) -1,3,4-thiadiazole.

Examples of friction reducers , eg oil from lard, oleic acid, tallow, rapeseed oil, sulfurized fats, amines. Further examples are mentioned in EP 565487.

Examples of special additives for use in water / oil metal working and hydraulic fluids are:

Emulsifiers : petroleum sulfonates, amines such as polyoxyethylated fatty amines, nonionic surface-active substances; Buffer: alkanolamines; Biocides: triazines, thiazolinones, tris-nitromethane, morpholine, sodium pyridene ethiol ; Processing speed improvers: calcium and barium sulfonates;

The components mentioned can be added to the lubricants in a manner known per se become. It is also possible to use a concentrate or a so-called additive package produce that according to the consumption at the use concentrations for the corresponding Lubricant can be diluted.

a) ein Grundöl mit schmierender Viskosität, welches man für Fette, Metallbearbeitungs-, Getriebe- und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten verwendet;

b) mindestens einen Thiophosphorsäureester aus der Gruppe der Thiophosphorsäureester der Formel I, worin R₁, R₂ und R₃ Phenyl bedeuten, oder Gemische von Thiophosphorsäureestern der Formel I', worin x 0 bis 2,7, y 3 - (x + z), z 0 bis 3 - (x + y) und x + y + z = 3 ist, und Ar Phenyl oder C₇-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl darstellen;

c) mindestens einen Dithiophosphorsäureester der Formel II, worin X Schwefel, R₁ und R₂ C₃-C₁₀-Alkyl und R₃ 2-Carboxyeth-1-yl oder 2-C₁-C₄-Alkoxycarbonyleth-1-yl bedeuten, oder Salze davon;

d) mindestens ein Öladditiv aus der Gruppe der Polyolpartialester, Amine und Epoxide, welche dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass der Phosphorgehalt der Thiophosphorsäureester-Komponente b), kombiniert mit der Dithiophosphorsäureester- oder Phosphorsäurethioester-Komponente c), bezogen auf die Zusammensetzung mit den Komponenten a), b) und c) weniger als 400 ppm beträgt.

A preferred embodiment of the invention relates to a composition containing

a) a base oil with lubricating viscosity, which is used for greases, metal working, gear and hydraulic fluids;

b) at least one thiophosphoric acid ester from the group of thiophosphoric acid esters of the formula I, in which R ₁ , R ₂ and R _{3 are} phenyl, or mixtures of thiophosphoric acid esters of the formula I ', in which x 0 to 2.7, y 3 - (x + z ), z is 0 to 3 - (x + y) and x + y + z = 3, and Ar is phenyl or C ₇ -C ₁₈ alkylphenyl;

c) at least one dithiophosphoric acid ester of the formula II, in which X is sulfur, R ₁ and R _{2 are} C ₃ -C ₁₀ alkyl and R _{3 is} 2-carboxyeth-1-yl or 2-C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxycarbonyleth-1-yl , or salts thereof;

d) at least one oil additive from the group of the polyol partial esters, amines and epoxides, which is characterized in that the phosphorus content of the thiophosphoric acid ester component b), combined with the dithiophosphoric acid ester or phosphoric acid thioester component c), based on the composition with the components a ), b) and c) is less than 400 ppm.

a) ein Grundöl mit schmierender Viskosität, welches man für Fette, Metallbearbeitungs-, Getriebe- und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten verwendet;

b) mindestens einen Thiophosphorsäureester aus der Gruppe der Thiophosphorsäureester der Formel I, worin R₁, R₂ und R₃ Phenyl bedeuten, oder Gemische von Thiophosphorsäureestern der Formel I', worin x 0 bis 2,7, y 3 - (x + z), z 0 bis 3 - (x + y) und x + y + z = 3 ist, und Ar Phenyl oder C₇-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl darstellen;

c) mindestens einen Dithiophosphorsäureester der Formel II, worin X Schwefel, R₁ und R₂ C₃-C₁₀-Alkyl und R₃ 2-Carboxyeth-1-yl oder 2-C₁-C₄-Alkoxycarbonyleth-1-yl bedeuten, oder Salze davon,

d) mindestens ein Öladditiv aus der Gruppe der Polyolpartialester, Amine und Epoxide; und

e) mindestens ein Ammoniumphosphatester der Formel III, worin R₁ und R₂ C₁-C₂₀-Alkyl, einer der Reste R_a, R_b, R_c und R_d Wasserstoff und die anderen Reste C₁-C₂₀-Alkyl darstellen; und

f) übliche Öladditive, welche dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass der Phosphorgehalt der Komponenten b), c) und e), bezogen auf die Gesamtzusammensetzung, weniger als 400 ppm beträgt.

Another particularly preferred embodiment of the invention relates to a composition comprising

a) a base oil with lubricating viscosity, which is used for greases, metal working, gear and hydraulic fluids;

b) at least one thiophosphoric acid ester from the group of thiophosphoric acid esters of the formula I, in which R ₁ , R ₂ and R _{3 are} phenyl, or mixtures of thiophosphoric acid esters of the formula I ', in which x 0 to 2.7, y 3 - (x + z ), z is 0 to 3 - (x + y) and x + y + z = 3, and Ar is phenyl or C ₇ -C ₁₈ alkylphenyl;

c) at least one dithiophosphoric acid ester of the formula II, in which X is sulfur, R ₁ and R _{2 are} C ₃ -C ₁₀ alkyl and R _{3 is} 2-carboxyeth-1-yl or 2-C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxycarbonyleth-1-yl , or salts thereof,

d) at least one oil additive from the group of the polyol partial esters, amines and epoxides; and

e) at least one ammonium phosphate ester of the formula III, in which R ₁ and R _{2 are} C ₁ -C ₂₀ alkyl, one of the radicals R _a , R _b , R _c and R _{d is} hydrogen and the other radicals are C ₁ -C ₂₀ alkyl ; and

f) conventional oil additives, which is characterized in that the phosphorus content of components b), c) and e), based on the total composition, is less than 400 ppm.

b) mindestens einen Thiophosphorsäureester der Formel:

worin R₁, R₂ und R₃ C₃-C₂₀-Kohlenwasserstoffreste darstellen; und

c) mindestens einen Dithiophosphorsäureester oder Phosphorsäurethioester der Formel:

worin X Sauerstoff oder Schwefel und R₁, R₂ und R₃ unsubstituierte oder substituierte C₃-C₂₀-Kohlenwasserstoffreste darstellen; und

d) mindestens ein Öladditiv aus der Gruppe der Polyolpartialester, Amine und Epoxide.

The invention also relates to a concentrate which can be used for the preparation of the composition comprising

b) at least one thiophosphoric ester of the formula:

wherein R ₁ , R ₂ and R _{3 are} C ₃ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon residues; and

c) at least one dithiophosphoric acid ester or phosphoric acid thioester of the formula:

wherein X represents oxygen or sulfur and R ₁ , R ₂ and R _{3 are} unsubstituted or substituted C ₃ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon radicals; and

d) at least one oil additive from the group of the polyol partial esters, amines and epoxides.

e) ein Ammoniumphosphatester der Formel:

worin R₁ und R₂ C₁-C₂₀-Kohlenwasserstoffreste und R_a, R_b, R_c und R_d unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₂₀-Kohlenwasserstoffreste darstellen; und

f) übliche Öladditive.

The concentrate can contain the following additional ingredients:

e) an ammonium phosphate ester of the formula:

wherein R ₁ and R _{2 are} C ₁ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon radicals and R _a , R _b , R _c and R _d independently represent hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon radicals; and

f) usual oil additives.

The components are put together in the concentrate so that it is at room temperature is liquid without the addition of base oil a) or a solvent.

The invention also relates to a method for improving the performance properties of lubricants, characterized by adding components b), c) and d), preferably in a concentration related to the phosphorus content of these components on the total composition, is less than 400 ppm.

The invention also relates to the use of compounds of the components b) c) and d), preferably in the concentration mentioned, as additives in motor oils, Turbine oils, gear oils, hydraulic fluids, metal working fluids or greases.

The following examples illustrate the invention:

Examples 1-15 and reference examples (prior art I and II)

The various blends were made using an ISO VG 46 mineral oil (kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C: 42 - 50 CSt) and a basic additive mixture, which typically used for hydraulic fluids. This basic additive mixture is free of metal salts and is used with 0.29 - 0.47% (wt.%). she is a combination of an aromatic amine antioxidant (e.g. Irganox® L 57), a hindered Phenol antioxidant (e.g. Irganox® L 135) and smaller proportions of other common ones Additives such as pour point depressants (e.g. Plexol® 154), anti-foaming agents (e.g. Mobilad® C402), demulsifying additives (e.g. Synperonic® PEL81), corrosion inhibitors (e.g. Irgacor® NPA) and metal deactivators (e.g. Irgamet® 39). The additives and mixtures used and the results of the tests performed are shown in the table. Wording 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 correspond to the claimed composition of the present Invention. The other formulations are for comparison, especially with the state of the art (state of T. I and II).

1. VKA (Vierkugelapparat von Shell gemäss DIN 51530, IP 239) - Bestimmung der Verschleisskennwerte (engl. wear scar diameter (WSD) flüssiger Schmierstoffe gemäss DIN 51350 T3; U/min: 1420, Last: 40 kg (400 N), Dauer: 1 Std (h); Gute Werte:
< 0,45 mm

2. SRV (Schwing-Reib-Verschleissgerät der Fa. Optimol Instruments, DE-München) gemäss DIN 51834 (im Gelbdruck); Messung des Verschleisses an der Platte; Prinzip: Eine Stahlkugel, auf die eine vertikale Kraft FN wirkt, führt auf einem fixen Stahlzylinder eine oszillierende Gleitbewegung aus; System: Kugel/Platte; Last: 300 N, Dauer: 2 h, Temperatur: 100°C, Frequenz: 50 Hz (Als Temperatur wurde abweichend zur DIN 51834 T2 100°C statt 50°C gewählt, da für die eingangs erwähnte Spezifikation der Fa. Denison Hydraulics (HFO) eine Temperatur von 100°C für den notwendigen P 46 Kolbenpumpentest gefordert wird). Gemessen wurde der Verschleiss auf der Platte. Hierbei wurde mit einem Talysurf-Gerät die Oberfläche der Platte mit der Verschleisskalotte abgetastet und die grösste Vertiefung gemessen. Der Abstand der grössten Vertiefung zur Plattenoberfläche wird in µm Profiltiefe als Verschleissmerkmal angegeben. Bei den angegebenen Verschleisswerten handelt es sich um relative Verschleisswerte. Hohe Werte (> 3 µm) bedeuten hohen Verschleiss.

3. Der Test Kompatibilität mit Wasser dient der Prüfung des Einflusses von Wasser auf zwei wichtige Eigenschaften eines Hydauliköls: Filtrierbarkeit und Rostschutz. 1,5 1 der zu prüfenden Flüssigkeit werden zuerst zusammen mit 1% Wasser 10 Tage bei 100°C gealtert (geschlossenes Gefäss), wobei jeden Tag das Gefäss 1 Min. stark geschüttelt wird. Nach 10 Tagen werden 3 x 300 ml der gealterten Flüssigkeit entsprechend den Bedingungen des Standard AFNOR Filtrationstests E-48-691 oder E-48 690 an 0,8 µm Filter mit Druck (1 bar) filtriert. Das Ergebnis dieses Tests wird als Filtrationsindex Fl angegeben und stellt den Durchschnitt aus 3 Einzelmessungen dar. Fl = T₃₀₀-T₂₀₀/2(T₁₀₀ -T₅₀); T₃₀₀ = Zeit in Sekunden, wenn 300 ml den Filter passiert haben; T₂₀₀ = Zeit in Sekunden, wenn 200 ml den Filter passiert haben, und so weiter. Werte < gelten als "Pass", Werte > 2 als "fail"(gemäss Spezifikation: Denison HF 0). Weiterhin werden die restlichen 600 ml der gealterten und mit 1% Wasser kontaminierten Flüssigkeit einem Rosttest (Doppelversuch je 300 ml) nach dem Standart ASTM D 665 B unterzogen. Hierbei wird ein rostfrei geschliffener Stahlbolzen für 24h bei 60° in der Mischung aus 300 ml (schon mit 1% dest. Wasser kontaminierten) Testöl und 30 ml Seewasser gehalten, die mit einem Rührer stark umgewälzt wird. Nach Herausnehmen des Stahlbolzen wird visuell der Korrosionsgrad beurteilt. Bewertung 0 = keine Korrosion, Bewertung 3 = starke Korrosion.

4. FZG-Getriebetest (Beschreibung in DIN 51.354, A/8.3/90, IP 334/79). Im Tauchschmierverfahren laufen in der zu prüfenden Flüssigkeit definierte Zahnräder bei konstanter Drehzahl und festgelegter Anfangstemperatur. Die Belastung der Zahnräder wird stufenweise gesteigert. Ab Kraftstufe 4 wird nach jeder Kraftstufe die Veränderung der Zahnflanken durch Beschreibung und gegebenenfalls Photo, Rauheitsmessung oder Kontaktabdruck festgehalten. Die Grenzlaststufe liegt eine Stufe unter der sogenannten Fehlerlaststufe (kurz: FLS), bei der mindestens zwei Flanken des Prüfzahnrades eindeutige Schäden (Risse oder ähnliches) aufweisen.

The following tests were carried out: Testing of: antiwear properties: VKA and SRV, compatibility with water (special storage of the oil with water, then filtration and rust test), load carrying capacity (extreme pressure): FZG.

1.VKA (four-ball apparatus from Shell in accordance with DIN 51530, IP 239) - determination of the wear scar diameter (WSD) of liquid lubricants in accordance with DIN 51350 T3; rpm: 1420, load: 40 kg (400 N), duration : 1 hour (h); good values:
<0.45 mm

2. SRV (vibratory friction wear device from Optimol Instruments, DE Munich) in accordance with DIN 51834 (printed in yellow); Measurement of wear on the plate; Principle: A steel ball on which a vertical force FN acts carries out an oscillating sliding movement on a fixed steel cylinder; System: ball / plate; Load: 300 N, duration: 2 h, temperature: 100 ° C, frequency: 50 Hz (the temperature was chosen in deviation from DIN 51834 T2 100 ° C instead of 50 ° C, because for the Denison Hydraulics specification mentioned at the beginning ( HFO) a temperature of 100 ° C is required for the necessary P 46 piston pump test). The wear on the plate was measured. The surface of the plate with the wear cap was scanned with a Talysurf device and the largest depression was measured. The distance between the largest recess and the plate surface is given in µm profile depth as a wear feature. The specified wear values are relative wear values. High values (> 3 µm) mean high wear.

3. The compatibility test with water is used to test the influence of water on two important properties of a hydraulic oil: filterability and rust protection. 1.5 l of the liquid to be tested are first aged together with 1% water at 100 ° C. for 10 days (closed container), the container being shaken vigorously for 1 minute each day. After 10 days, 3 x 300 ml of the aged liquid are filtered according to the conditions of the standard AFNOR filtration test E-48-691 or E-48 690 on a 0.8 µm filter with pressure (1 bar). The result of this test is given as filtration Fl Index and represents the average of 3 individual measurements is Fl = T ₃₀₀ T _200/2 (T ₁₀₀ -T _50). T ₃₀₀ = time in seconds when 300 ml have passed the filter; T ₂₀₀ = time in seconds when 200 ml have passed the filter, and so on. Values <count as "pass", values> 2 as "fail" (according to specification: Denison HF 0). Furthermore, the remaining 600 ml of the aged liquid contaminated with 1% water are subjected to a rust test (double test, 300 ml each) according to the ASTM D 665 B standard. Here, a stainless steel bolt is held for 24 hours at 60 ° in a mixture of 300 ml (already contaminated with 1% distilled water) test oil and 30 ml sea water, which is strongly circulated with a stirrer. After removing the steel bolt, the degree of corrosion is assessed visually. Rating 0 = no corrosion, rating 3 = severe corrosion.

4. FZG gearbox test (description in DIN 51.354, A / 8.3 / 90, IP 334/79). In the immersion lubrication process, defined gears run in the fluid to be tested at a constant speed and a defined starting temperature. The load on the gears is gradually increased. From force level 4, the change of the tooth flanks is recorded after each force level by description and, if necessary, photo, roughness measurement or contact impression. The limit load level is one level below the so-called error load level (short: FLS), at which at least two flanks of the test gear have clear damage (cracks or the like).

Claims (16)

Compositions containing: a) a base oil with lubricating viscosity; b) at least one thiophosphoric ester of the formula:

wherein R ₁ , R ₂ and R _{3 are} C ₃ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon residues; and c) at least one dithiophosphoric acid ester or phosphoric acid thioester of the formula:

wherein X represents oxygen or sulfur and R ₁ , R ₂ and R _{3 are} unsubstituted or substituted C ₃ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon radicals; and d) at least one oil additive from the group of the polyol partial esters, amines and epoxides. Containing compositions according to claim 1 a) a base oil with lubricating viscosity, which is used for greases, metal working, gear and hydraulic fluids; b) at least one thiophosphoric ester of the formula I, in which R ₁ , R ₂ and R _{3 are} C ₃ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon radicals; c) at least one dithiophosphoric acid ester of the formula II, in which X is sulfur and R ₁ , R ₂ and R _{3 are} unsubstituted C ₃ -C ₁₀ hydrocarbon radicals or in which R ₁ and R _{2 are} unsubstituted C ₃ -C ₁₀ hydrocarbon radicals and R _{3 is} a substituted C Represent ₃ -C ₁₀ hydrocarbon residue; d) at least one oil additive from the group of the polyol partial esters, amines and epoxides; e) an ammonium phosphate ester of the formula:

wherein R ₁ and R _{2 are} C ₁ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon radicals and R _a , R _b , R _c and R _d independently represent hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon radicals; and f) usual oil additives. Compositions according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Phosphorus content of the thiophosphoric acid component b), combined with the dithiophosphoric acid ester or phosphoric acid thioester component c), based on the composition with components a), b) and c), is less than 400 ppm. Composition according to claim 2 containing components a) to f) with the mentioned meanings, characterized in that the phosphorus content of the components b), c) and e), based on the total composition, less than 400 ppm is. Composition according to claim 2 containing components a) to f) with said Meanings, characterized in that the phosphorus content of the components b) and c), based on the composition with components a), b) and c), 150-390 ppm. Composition according to claim 2 containing components a) to f) with said Meanings, characterized in that the phosphorus content of the components b) and c), based on the composition with components a), b) and c), 160-370 ppm. A composition according to claim 1 containing b) at least one thiophosphoric ester of the formula I, wherein R ₁ , R ₂ and R _{3 are} substituents from the group C ₃ -C ₂₀ alkyl, C ₅ -C ₁₂ cycloalkyl, C ₇ -C ₁₂ bicycloalkyl , Phenyl, C ₇ -C ₁₈ alkylphenyl, C ₇ -C ₁₈ alkoxyphenyl, naphthyl and C ₇ -C ₉ phenylalkyl. Composition according to claim 1 containing b) a mixture of thiophosphoric esters of the formula:

wherein x is 0 to 2.7, y 3 - (x + z), z 0 to 3 - (x + y) and x + y + z = 3, and Ar is phenyl, C ₇ -C ₁₈ -alkylphenyl, C ₇ -C ₁₈ alkoxyphenyl, naphthyl and C ₇ -C ₉ phenylalkyl. A composition according to claim 1 containing c) at least one dithiophosphoric ester of the formula II, wherein X is sulfur, R ₁ and R _{2 are} C ₃ -C ₁₀ alkyl and R ₃ is C ₂ -C ₄ alkyl substituted by carboxy or esterified carboxy, or salts from that. A composition according to claim 1 containing c) at least one dithiophosphoric ester of the formula II, wherein X is sulfur, R ₁ and R ₂ C ₃ -C ₁₀ alkyl and R ₃ 2-carboxyeth-1-yl or 2-C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxycarbonyleth Mean -1-yl, or salts thereof. Composition according to claim 2 containing e) at least one ammonium phosphate ester of the formula III, in which R ₁ and R _{2 are} C ₁ -C ₂₀ alkyl, one of the radicals R _a , R _b , R _c and R _{d is} hydrogen and the other radicals C ₁ - Represent C ₂₀ alkyl. Containing composition according to claim 1 a) a base oil with lubricating viscosity, which is used for greases, metal working, gear and hydraulic fluids; b) at least one thiophosphoric acid ester from the group of thiophosphoric acid esters of the formula I, in which R ₁ , R ₂ and R _{3 are} phenyl, or mixtures of thiophosphoric acid esters of the formula I ', in which x 0 to 2.7, y 3 - (x + z ), z is 0 to 3 - (x + y) and x + y + z = 3, and Ar is phenyl or C ₇ -C ₁₈ alkylphenyl; c) at least one dithiophosphoric acid ester of the formula II, in which X is sulfur, R ₁ and R _{2 are} C ₃ -C ₁₀ alkyl and R _{3 is} 2-carboxyeth-1-yl or 2-C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxycarbonyleth-1-yl , or salts thereof, d) at least one oil additive from the group of the polyol partial esters, amines and epoxides, characterized in that the phosphorus content of the thiophosphoric acid ester component b) combined with the dithiophosphoric acid ester or phosphoric acid thioester component c) based on the composition with the components a), b) and c) is less than 400 ppm. Containing composition according to claim 2 a) a base oil with lubricating viscosity, which is used for greases, metal working, gear and hydraulic fluids; b) at least one thiophosphoric acid ester from the group of thiophosphoric acid esters of the formula I, in which R ₁ , R ₂ and R _{3 are} phenyl, or mixtures of thiophosphoric acid esters of the formula I ', in which x 0 to 2.7, y 3 - (x + z ), z is 0 to 3 - (x + y) and x + y + z = 3, and Ar is phenyl or C ₇ -C ₁₈ alkylphenyl; c) at least one dithiophosphoric acid ester of the formula II, in which X is sulfur, R ₁ and R _{2 are} C ₃ -C ₁₀ alkyl and R _{3 is} 2-carboxyeth-1-yl or 2-C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxycarbonyleth-1-yl , or salts thereof, d) at least one oil additive from the group of the polyol partial esters, amines and epoxides; and e) at least one ammonium phosphate ester of the formula III, in which R ₁ and R _{2 are} C ₁ -C ₂₀ alkyl, one of the radicals R _a , R _b , R _c and R _{d is} hydrogen and the other radicals are C ₁ -C ₂₀ alkyl ; and f) conventional oil additives, characterized in that the phosphorus content of components b), c) and e), based on the total composition, is less than 400 ppm. Containing concentrate b) at least one thiophosphoric ester of the formula:

wherein R ₁ , R ₂ and R _{3 are} C ₃ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon residues; and c) at least one dithiophosphoric acid ester or phosphoric acid thioester of the formula:

wherein X represents oxygen or sulfur and R ₁ , R ₂ and R _{3 are} unsubstituted or substituted C ₃ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon radicals; and d) at least one oil additive from the group of the polyol partial esters, amines and epoxides; Process for improving the performance properties of lubricants, thereby characterized in that at least one composition according to claim 1 adds. Use of a composition according to claim 1 to improve the performance properties of lubricants.