EP0902105A1 - Multilayer antisticking coating of improved hardness for aluminium support, articles and kitchen utensils having this coating - Google Patents

Multilayer antisticking coating of improved hardness for aluminium support, articles and kitchen utensils having this coating Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0902105A1
EP0902105A1 EP98402174A EP98402174A EP0902105A1 EP 0902105 A1 EP0902105 A1 EP 0902105A1 EP 98402174 A EP98402174 A EP 98402174A EP 98402174 A EP98402174 A EP 98402174A EP 0902105 A1 EP0902105 A1 EP 0902105A1
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Prior art keywords
coating
layer
aluminum
alumina
hard
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EP98402174A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0902105B1 (en
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Claudine Gardaz
Jean-Pierre Résidence le Lac Buffard
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SEB SA
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SEB SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A hard non-stick multilayer coating for aluminum comprises a hard alumina-based layer, formed by micro-arc anodizing of the aluminum in an alkaline solution, and a layer based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and chemical agents for forming an anchoring primer for one or more PTFE finishing layers. Independent claims are also included for (i) an aluminum or aluminum alloy article having a coating as described above; and (ii) an aluminum or aluminum alloy culinary utensil having a coating as described above. Preferred Feature: The hard layer is 5-100 mu thick and consists of alpha alumina and gamma alumina covered with a mullite layer. The primer and finishing layers have a thickness of 5-50 mu .

Description

La présente invention concerne un revêtement multicouche antiadhérent à dureté améliorée pour support en aluminium ou alliage d'aluminium.The present invention relates to a coating non-stick multilayer with improved hardness for support made of aluminum or aluminum alloy.

L'invention vise également les articles en aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium et en particulier les ustensiles culinaires comportant un revêtement conforme à l'invention.The invention also relates to articles of aluminum or aluminum alloy and in particular cooking utensils with a coating according to the invention.

Les revêtements à base de polytétrafluoréthylène (PTFE) appliqués sur la surface intérieure et / ou extérieure des ustensiles culinaires en aluminium présentent l'inconvénient d'être sensibles aux rayures et à l'usure.Coatings based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) applied to the interior surface and / or aluminum cooking utensils have the disadvantage of being sensitive to scratches and wear.

Pour remédier à cet inconvénient, il a été proposé d'appliquer le revêtement à base de PTFE sur une sous-couche dure obtenue par exemple par anodisation du support en aluminium ou pulvérisation par plasma thermique.To remedy this drawback, it was proposed to apply the PTFE-based coating on a hard undercoat obtained for example by anodizing the aluminum support or plasma spraying thermal.

Cependant, ces solutions n'ont pas permis d'obtenir des résultats satisfaisants.However, these solutions did not allow obtain satisfactory results.

Le but de la présente invention est de réaliser un revêtement antiadhérent pour support en aluminium présentant une résistance améliorée aux rayures et à l'usure.The purpose of the present invention is to achieve non-stick coating for aluminum support having improved resistance to scratching and wear.

Suivant l'invention, le revêtement multicouche antiadhérent à dureté améliorée pour support en aluminium est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les couches suivantes: une première couche dure à base d'alumine réalisée par oxydation anodique du support en aluminium plongé dans une solution alcaline, en appliquant sur ce support des micro arcs au moyen d'un courant et d'une différence de potentiel élevés, une deuxième couche à base de polytétrafluoréthylène et d'agents chimiques constituant un primaire d'accrochage pour une ou plusieurs couches de finition à base de polytétrafluoréthylène.According to the invention, the multilayer coating non-stick with improved hardness for support in aluminum is characterized in that it comprises the following layers: a first hard layer based alumina produced by anodic oxidation of the support aluminum immersed in an alkaline solution, applying micro arcs to this support by means of a current and a high potential difference, a second layer based on polytetrafluoroethylene and of chemical agents constituting a primer for one or more topcoats based on polytetrafluoroethylene.

Le procédé pour obtenir la première couche dure à base d'alumine a été décrit par exemple par FEDOROV et autres, dans l'article publié en 1983 dans la revue russe Physique et Chimie du traitement des matériaux, intitulé " Composition et structure de la couche superficielle renforcée d'alliages d'aluminium, obtenues par oxydation par micro arc " et par MARKOV certificat d'auteur n°1200591 publié en 89 « Procédé d'application des revêtements sur métaux et alliages » et n°1713990 publié en 92 « Procédé d'anodisation micro-arc des métaux et alliages ». The process for obtaining the first hard layer based on alumina has been described for example by Fedorov and others, in the article published in 1983 in the Russian journal Physics and Chemistry of the treatment of materials, entitled " Composition and structure of the layer surface reinforced with aluminum alloys, obtained by oxidation by micro arc " and by MARKOV author's certificate n ° 1200591 published in 89" Method of applying coatings on metals and alloys " and n ° 1713990 published in 92 " Process micro-arc anodizing of metals and alloys ”.

Cette couche est composée d'alumine α et d'alumine γ recouverte d'une couche superficielle de mullite (silico-alumine) poreuse.This layer is composed of α alumina and γ alumina covered with a surface layer of porous mullite (silico-alumina).

Cette couche dure présente la particularité d'être beaucoup plus dure et d'avoir une résistance à l'usure nettement plus élevée que celle des couches d'alumine obtenues par anodisation classique ou pulvérisation par plasma thermique.This hard layer has the particularity to be much harder and to have resistance to significantly higher wear than the layers alumina obtained by conventional anodization or thermal plasma spraying.

Il a été constaté par la Demanderesse que les couches de primaire d'accrochage et de finition à base de PTFE, appliquées sur la couche dure à base d'alumine présentaient une excellente adhérence sur cette dernière et conféraient au revêtement antiadhérent à base de PTFE, une excellente résistance à l'usure et aux rayures.It has been noted by the Applicant that the primer coatings and base finishes of PTFE, applied to the hard layer based on alumina exhibited excellent adhesion to the latter and gave the non-stick coating based on PTFE, excellent resistance to wear and scratches.

D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaítront encore dans la description ci-après.Other features and advantages of the invention will appear further in the description below.

Aux dessins annexés donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs:

  • la figure 1 est un schéma de l'installation permettant de réaliser une couche d'alumine dure sur un support en aluminium;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe du revêtement dur antiadhérent selon l'invention.
In the appended drawings given by way of nonlimiting examples:
  • Figure 1 is a diagram of the installation for producing a layer of hard alumina on an aluminum support;
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view of the hard non-stick coating according to the invention.

On va tout d'abord décrire le procédé permettant d'appliquer sur un support en aluminium, par exemple un ustensile culinaire.We will first describe the process allowing to apply on an aluminum support, for example a cooking utensil.

La figure 1 représente un récipient 1 renfermant une solution alcaline 2 dans laquelle plongent une anode 3 et une cathode 4.Figure 1 shows a container 1 containing an alkaline solution 2 in which an anode is immersed 3 and a cathode 4.

L'anode 3 est un support en aluminium dont on veut oxyder la surface.Anode 3 is an aluminum support which wants to oxidize the surface.

L'anode 3 et la cathode 4 sont reliées à un générateur 5 permettant d'appliquer entre cette anode 3 et cette cathode, une différence de potentiel élevée, par exemple comprise entre 500 et 1000 volts.Anode 3 and cathode 4 are connected to a generator 5 allowing to apply between this anode 3 and this cathode, a high potential difference, for example between 500 and 1000 volts.

Le générateur 5 permet également de générer des impulsions de courte durée et d'intensité élevée, de façon à former des micro arcs électriques susceptibles d'oxyder la surface du support en aluminium 3.The generator 5 also makes it possible to generate short and high intensity pulses, way of forming micro electric arcs likely to oxidize the surface of the aluminum support 3.

Cette oxydation forme sur la surface du support une couche dure d'alumine 6 (voir figure 2).This oxidation forms on the surface of the support a hard layer of alumina 6 (see Figure 2).

La couche 6 est composée principalement d'alumine α et de quelques pourcentages d'alumine γ.Layer 6 is mainly composed of α alumina and of a few percentages of γ alumina.

Elle est recouverte par une couche superficielle de mullite 7 (silico-alumine) qui est poreuse.It is covered by a surface layer mullite 7 (silico-alumina) which is porous.

Suivant la durée de l'application des micro arcs, l'épaisseur de la couche dure d'alumine 6 peut varier entre 5 et 100 microns.Depending on the duration of the micro application arches, the thickness of the hard layer of alumina 6 can vary between 5 and 100 microns.

Cette couche d'alumine présente une dureté et une résistance à l'usure beaucoup plus élevées que celles des revêtements obtenus par anodisation classique ou pulvérisation par plasma thermique. La dureté de cette couche est supérieure à 1500 vickers alors que celle des couches de céramique classiques obtenues par anodisation est au maximum égale à 450 vickers.This layer of alumina has a hardness and much higher wear resistance than those of coatings obtained by conventional anodization or thermal plasma spraying. The hardness of this layer is greater than 1500 vickers while that of the conventional ceramic layers obtained by anodization is at most equal to 450 vickers.

Sur la couche dure 6, 7 ainsi obtenue, on applique, selon l'invention: une deuxième couche 8 à base de polytétrafluoréthylène et d'agents chimiques pour constituer un primaire d'accrochage, puis, une ou deux couches 9, 10 de finition à base de polytétrafluoréthylène.On the hard layer 6, 7 thus obtained, we applies, according to the invention: a second layer 8 to based on polytetrafluoroethylene and chemical agents to constitute a primer, then one or more two layers 9, 10 of finishing based on polytetrafluoroethylene.

Les couches 8, 9, 10 peuvent présenter une épaisseur totale comprise entre 5 et 50 microns.Layers 8, 9, 10 can have a total thickness between 5 and 50 microns.

On donne ci-après, à titre d'exemples, les compositions des différentes couches 8, 9, 10, dans le cas d'un revêtement antiadhérent pour ustensiles culinaires. Composants Couche 8 % en poids Couche 9 % en poids Couche 10 % en poids Sol de Silice précipité à 30% d'extrait sec en solution aqueuse SNOWTEX C.30 10 - 30 0 0 Polytétrafluoroéthylène à 60% d'extrait sec dispersion aqueuse 20 - 50 80 - 90 80 - 90 Perfluoroalcoxy à 50% extrait sec dispersion aqueuse (PFA 6900 HOECHST) 0 - 20 0 0 Paillettes de mica recouvertes dioxyde de Titane 0 0 à 3 0 à 3 Pigments minéraux Oxyde de fer ou noir de carbone 0 à 5 0 à 0,5 0 Emulsion d'agents d'étalement à 15% extrait sec comportant environ 5 - 10% de copolymères acryliques 0 à 15 10 - 20 10 - 20 Résine polyamide-imide en solution aqueuse à 12% d'extrait sec 0 - 40 0 0 The compositions of the various layers 8, 9, 10 are given below, by way of examples, in the case of a non-stick coating for cooking utensils. Components Layer 8% by weight Layer 9% by weight Layer 10% by weight Silica Sol precipitated at 30% dry extract in aqueous solution SNOWTEX C.30 10 - 30 0 0 Polytetrafluoroethylene 60% dry extract aqueous dispersion 20 - 50 80 - 90 80 - 90 Perfluoroalkoxy at 50% dry extract aqueous dispersion (PFA 6900 HOECHST) 0 - 20 0 0 Titanium dioxide-coated mica flakes 0 0 to 3 0 to 3 Mineral pigments Iron oxide or carbon black 0 to 5 0 to 0.5 0 Emulsion of spreading agents at 15% dry extract comprising approximately 5 - 10% of acrylic copolymers 0 to 15 10 - 20 10 - 20 Polyamide-imide resin in 12% aqueous solution of dry extract 0 - 40 0 0

Après application des couches 8, 9, 10, on fritte le revêtement obtenu à 400 - 420°C pendant 3 à 10 minutes.After applying layers 8, 9, 10, we sinter the coating obtained at 400-420 ° C for 3 to 10 minutes.

On constate que les couches 8, 9, 10 à base de PTFE adhèrent très bien sur la couche dure 6, 7 à base d'alumine. Ce résultat s'explique par la porosité de la couche 6, 7 d'alumine. De ce fait, des particules de PTFE de la couche primaire 8 peuvent pénétrer dans les pores de la couche de mullite 7 en assurant ainsi un excellent accrochage de la couche 8.It can be seen that the layers 8, 9, 10 based on PTFE adhere very well to the hard layer 6, 7 based alumina. This result is explained by the porosity of the layer 6, 7 of alumina. As a result, particles of PTFE from primary layer 8 can penetrate pores of the mullite layer 7 thus ensuring a excellent adhesion of layer 8.

On peut encore, avant d'appliquer le revêtement PTFE, polir la surface pour ôter tout ou partie de la mullite et obtenir ainsi une surface plus lisse.We can still, before applying the coating PTFE, polish the surface to remove all or part of the mullite and thus obtain a smoother surface.

On peut aussi sur la surface de la couche dure polie comme ci-dessus, ou non, comme précédemment, appliquer le revêtement de PTFE et le polir après frittage.We can also on the surface of the hard layer polished as above, or not, as before, apply the PTFE coating and polish it after sintering.

Dans tous les cas on parvient au même résultat: un revêtement extrêmement résistant aux rayures et ayant les caractéristiques anti-adhésives d'un revêtement Polytétrafluoroéthylène classique, car le PTFE vient se loger dans les porosités présentes dans toute l'épaisseur de la couche d'Al2O3 et de mullite.In all cases we achieve the same result: a coating extremely resistant to scratches and having the non-stick characteristics of a conventional Polytetrafluoroethylene coating, because PTFE comes to lodge in the porosities present throughout the thickness of the layer of Al 2 O 3 and mullite.

Cette invention est destinée particulièrement au revêtement antiadhésif des articles culinaires, mais s'applique également à tout article sur lequel on veut réaliser une surface de glissement (par exemple une semelle de fer à repasser) ayant une excellente dureté et résistant à l'usure.This invention is particularly intended for nonstick coating of cookware but also applies to any item you want create a sliding surface (for example a iron soleplate) having excellent hardness and wear resistant.

Claims (7)

Revêtement multicouche antiadhérent à dureté améliorée pour support en aluminium (3), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les couches suivantes: une première couche dure (6) à base d'alumine réalisée par oxydation anodique du support en aluminium (3) plongé dans une solution alcaline (2), en appliquant sur ce support des micro arcs au moyen d'un courant et d'une différence de potentiel élevés, une deuxième couche (8) à base de polytétrafluoréthylène et d'agents chimiques constituant un primaire d'accrochage pour une ou plusieurs couches (9, 10) de finition à base de polytétrafluoréthylène.Non-stick hardness multi-layer coating improved for aluminum support (3), characterized by what it includes the following layers: a first hard layer (6) based on alumina produced by oxidation anodic of the aluminum support (3) immersed in a alkaline solution (2), applying to this support micro arcs by means of a current and a difference of high potential, a second layer (8) based on polytetrafluoroethylene and constituent chemical agents a primer for one or more layers (9, 10) finishing based on polytetrafluoroethylene. Revêtement conforme à la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la première couche dure (6) est constituée d'alumine α et d'alumine γ recouverte d'une couche superficielle (7) de mullite.Coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the first hard layer (6) is consisting of α alumina and γ alumina covered with a surface layer (7) of mullite. Revêtement conforme à l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la première couche dure (6) a une épaisseur comprise entre 5 et 100 microns.Coating in accordance with one of the claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the first hard layer (6) has a thickness between 5 and 100 microns. Revêtement, conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième couche de primaire d'accrochage (8) et la ou les couches de finition (9, 10) à base de polytétrafluoréthylène présentent une épaisseur comprise entre 5 et 50 microns.Coating, in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second primer primer layer (8) and the layer (s) finishing (9, 10) based on polytetrafluoroethylene have a thickness between 5 and 50 microns. Revêtement conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la première couche dure (6, 7) à base d'alumine est polie après application de la couche primaire d'accrochage.Coating in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first hard layer (6, 7) based on alumina is polished after application of the primary bonding layer. Article en aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium comportant un revêtement conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 5. Aluminum or alloy item of aluminum having a coating in accordance with one of claims 1 to 5. Ustensile culinaire en aluminium ou alliage d'aluminium comportant un revêtement conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 5.Aluminum or alloy cooking utensil of aluminum having a coating in accordance with one of claims 1 to 5.
EP98402174A 1997-09-10 1998-09-02 Multilayer antisticking coating of improved hardness for aluminium support, articles and kitchen utensils having this coating Expired - Lifetime EP0902105B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9711242A FR2768158B1 (en) 1997-09-10 1997-09-10 IMPROVED DURATION NON-STICK LAYER COATING FOR ALUMINUM SUPPORT, ARTICLES AND CULINARY UTENSILS INCLUDING THIS COATING
FR9711242 1997-09-10

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EP0902105A1 true EP0902105A1 (en) 1999-03-17
EP0902105B1 EP0902105B1 (en) 2003-12-03

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JP (1) JP3881461B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2246215C (en)
DE (1) DE69820181T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2212236T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2768158B1 (en)
TR (1) TR199801803A1 (en)

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ES2394703R1 (en) * 2010-12-22 2013-04-19 Bsh Electrodomesticos Espana Cooking product support clamping device
WO2013068681A1 (en) 2011-11-07 2013-05-16 Seb S.A. Method for obtaining a cooking vessel having a coloured hard anodized outer face
WO2013132185A1 (en) 2012-03-07 2013-09-12 Seb S.A. Method for obtaining a cooking vessel having a coloured hard-anodized outer face
WO2013171408A1 (en) 2012-05-16 2013-11-21 Seb S.A. Method for obtaining a cooking container comprising an electrochemically coloured anodised outer face

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FR2923696B1 (en) 2007-11-16 2012-08-17 Seb Sa CULINARY ARTICLE COMPRISING ANTI-ADHESIVE COATING RESISTANT TO CORROSION AND SCRATCH
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DE212010000137U1 (en) * 2009-09-04 2012-04-30 Meyer Intellectual Properties Limited Anodised, coated copper cookware
JP2014005480A (en) * 2012-06-21 2014-01-16 Naofumi Warabi Enameled article of mao crystalline metal oxide
CN103963368B (en) * 2013-02-06 2016-10-05 上海旭奈超贸易有限公司 A kind of alloy product with fluor resin coating
CN107567217B (en) * 2016-06-30 2019-11-22 比亚迪股份有限公司 A kind of shell and its preparation method and application
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CN108720621B (en) * 2017-04-25 2021-08-10 佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司 Non-stick coating, preparation method thereof, pot and cooking equipment

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WO2009062815A2 (en) * 2007-11-16 2009-05-22 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Treated structural components for a cooking appliance
WO2009062815A3 (en) * 2007-11-16 2010-03-11 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Treated structural components for a cooking appliance
WO2012066253A1 (en) 2010-11-19 2012-05-24 Seb S.A. Method for obtaining a cooking vessel having a coloured, hard, anodized outer surface
US9976225B2 (en) 2010-11-19 2018-05-22 Seb S.A. Method for obtaining a cooking vessel having a colored, hard, anodized outer surface
ES2394703R1 (en) * 2010-12-22 2013-04-19 Bsh Electrodomesticos Espana Cooking product support clamping device
WO2013068681A1 (en) 2011-11-07 2013-05-16 Seb S.A. Method for obtaining a cooking vessel having a coloured hard anodized outer face
US10039405B2 (en) 2011-11-07 2018-08-07 Seb S.A. Method for obtaining a cooking vessel having a colored hard anodized outer face
WO2013132185A1 (en) 2012-03-07 2013-09-12 Seb S.A. Method for obtaining a cooking vessel having a coloured hard-anodized outer face
US9714475B2 (en) 2012-03-07 2017-07-25 Seb S.A. Method for obtaining a cooking vessel having a colored hard-anodized outer face
WO2013171408A1 (en) 2012-05-16 2013-11-21 Seb S.A. Method for obtaining a cooking container comprising an electrochemically coloured anodised outer face
FR2990615A1 (en) * 2012-05-16 2013-11-22 Seb Sa PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A COOKING CONTAINER COMPRISING AN ELECTROCHEMICALLY COLORED ANODIZED EXTERIOR
EP3058854A1 (en) 2012-05-16 2016-08-24 Seb S.A. Method for producing a cooking container comprising an electrochemically coloured anodised external surface

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FR2768158A1 (en) 1999-03-12
ES2212236T3 (en) 2004-07-16
DE69820181T2 (en) 2004-09-23
CA2246215C (en) 2007-05-08
EP0902105B1 (en) 2003-12-03
TR199801803A1 (en) 1999-03-22
CA2246215A1 (en) 1999-03-10
JP3881461B2 (en) 2007-02-14
JPH11137440A (en) 1999-05-25
FR2768158B1 (en) 2001-06-01

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