CA2246215C - Multilayer non-stick coating of improved hardness for aluminum articles and articles and culinary utensils incorporating such coating - Google Patents
Multilayer non-stick coating of improved hardness for aluminum articles and articles and culinary utensils incorporating such coating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2246215C CA2246215C CA 2246215 CA2246215A CA2246215C CA 2246215 C CA2246215 C CA 2246215C CA 2246215 CA2246215 CA 2246215 CA 2246215 A CA2246215 A CA 2246215A CA 2246215 C CA2246215 C CA 2246215C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- coating
- aluminum
- article
- polytetrafluoroethylene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
A multilayer non-stick coating of improved hardness for aluminum articles includes an alumina-based hard first layer obtained by anodic oxidation of the aluminum article immersed in an alkaline solution. Micro-arcs are applied to the article by means of a high current and a high potential difference. A second layer based on polytetrafluoroethylene and chemical agents constitutes a primer for one or more polytetrafluoroethylene-based finish layers.
Description
Multilayer non-stick coating of improved hardness for aluminum articles and articles and culinary utensils incorporating such coating The present invention concerns a multilayer non-stick coating of improved hardness for aluminum or aluminum alloy articles.
The invention is also directed to aluminum or aluminum alloy articles and in particular culinary utensils incorporating a coating in accordance with the invention.
Coatings based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) applied to the inside and/or outside surface of aluminum culinary utensils have the disadvantage of being sensitive to scratching and to wear.
To overcome this disadvantage, it has previously been proposed to apply the PTFE-based coating on top of a hard underlayer obtained by anodizing the aluminum or by thermal plasma sputtering, for example.
However, these solutions have not yielded satisfactory results.
The aim of the present invention is to provide a non-stick coating for aluminum articles having increased resistance to scratching and wear.
The invention consists in a multilayer non-stick coating of improved hardness for aluminum articles including an alumina-based hard first layer obtained by anodic oxidation of the aluminum article immersed in an alkaline solution during applications of micro-arcs to said article by means of a high current and a high potential difference and a second layer based on polytetrafluoroethylene and chemical agents constituting a primer for one or more polytetrafluoroethylene-based finish layers.
The process for obtaining the first hard layer based on alumina is described, for example, in an article by FEDOROV and others published in 1983 in the Russian journal Physics and Chemistry of Materials Processing, under a title translating as "Composition and structure of the strength and surface layer of aluminum alloys obtained by micro-arc oxidation" and in author's certificates in the name MARKOV N 1200591 published in 1989, titled in translation "Method of application of coatings to metals and alloys", and N 1713990 published in 1992, titled in translation "Micro-arc anodization process for metals and alloys".
The above layer comprises Cc alumina and 'y alumina covered with a surface layer of porous mullite (silico-alumina).
This hard layer is much harder and much more resistant to wear than alumina layers obtained by conventional anodization or by thermal plasma sputtering.
We have found that PTFE-based primer and finish layers applied to the alumina-based hard layer adhere very well to the latter and impart to the PTFE-based non-stick coating excellent resistance to wear and to scratching.
Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent in the following description.
In the accompanying drawings, which are provided by way of non-limiting example:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of an installation for applying a hard alumina layer to an aluminum article.
Figure 2 is a sectional view of the hard non-stick coating of the invention.
The application process for an aluminum article, for example a culinary utensil, will be described first.
Figure 1 shows a container 1 containing an alkaline solution 2 into which dip an anode 3 and a cathode 4.
The invention is also directed to aluminum or aluminum alloy articles and in particular culinary utensils incorporating a coating in accordance with the invention.
Coatings based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) applied to the inside and/or outside surface of aluminum culinary utensils have the disadvantage of being sensitive to scratching and to wear.
To overcome this disadvantage, it has previously been proposed to apply the PTFE-based coating on top of a hard underlayer obtained by anodizing the aluminum or by thermal plasma sputtering, for example.
However, these solutions have not yielded satisfactory results.
The aim of the present invention is to provide a non-stick coating for aluminum articles having increased resistance to scratching and wear.
The invention consists in a multilayer non-stick coating of improved hardness for aluminum articles including an alumina-based hard first layer obtained by anodic oxidation of the aluminum article immersed in an alkaline solution during applications of micro-arcs to said article by means of a high current and a high potential difference and a second layer based on polytetrafluoroethylene and chemical agents constituting a primer for one or more polytetrafluoroethylene-based finish layers.
The process for obtaining the first hard layer based on alumina is described, for example, in an article by FEDOROV and others published in 1983 in the Russian journal Physics and Chemistry of Materials Processing, under a title translating as "Composition and structure of the strength and surface layer of aluminum alloys obtained by micro-arc oxidation" and in author's certificates in the name MARKOV N 1200591 published in 1989, titled in translation "Method of application of coatings to metals and alloys", and N 1713990 published in 1992, titled in translation "Micro-arc anodization process for metals and alloys".
The above layer comprises Cc alumina and 'y alumina covered with a surface layer of porous mullite (silico-alumina).
This hard layer is much harder and much more resistant to wear than alumina layers obtained by conventional anodization or by thermal plasma sputtering.
We have found that PTFE-based primer and finish layers applied to the alumina-based hard layer adhere very well to the latter and impart to the PTFE-based non-stick coating excellent resistance to wear and to scratching.
Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent in the following description.
In the accompanying drawings, which are provided by way of non-limiting example:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of an installation for applying a hard alumina layer to an aluminum article.
Figure 2 is a sectional view of the hard non-stick coating of the invention.
The application process for an aluminum article, for example a culinary utensil, will be described first.
Figure 1 shows a container 1 containing an alkaline solution 2 into which dip an anode 3 and a cathode 4.
The anode 3 is an aluminum article whose surface is to be oxidized.
The anode 3 and the cathode 4 are connected to a generator 5 capable of applying a high potential difference, for example in the range 500 volts to 1 000 volts, between the anode 3 and the cathode.
The generator 5 can also generate short pulses of high current so as to form electrical micro-arcs for oxidizing the surface of the aluminum article 3.
This oxidation forms a hard layer 6 of alumina on the surface of the article (see figure 2).
The layer 6 is made up mainly of a alumina and a low percentage of y alumina.
It is covered with a surface layer 7 of mullite (silico-alumina) which is porous.
Depending on the period of application of the micro-arcs, the thickness of the hard alumina layer 6 can vary in the range 5 microns to 100 microns.
The alumina layer has a much higher hardness and a much higher resistance to wear than coatings obtained by conventional anodization or by thermal plasma sputtering.
The Vickers hardness of this layer is greater than 1 500 whereas that of convention ceramic layers obtained by anodization is at most equal to 450.
In accordance with the invention, the following are applied to the hard layer 6, 7 obtained in this way: a second layer 8 based on polytetrafluoroethylene and chemical agents to constitute a primer and then one or two polytetrafluoroethylene-based finish layers 9, 10.
The layers 8, 9, 10 can have a total thickness in the range 5 microns to 50 microns.
The table below gives examples of compositions of the various layers 8, 9, 10 in the case of a non-stick coating for culinary utensils.
The anode 3 and the cathode 4 are connected to a generator 5 capable of applying a high potential difference, for example in the range 500 volts to 1 000 volts, between the anode 3 and the cathode.
The generator 5 can also generate short pulses of high current so as to form electrical micro-arcs for oxidizing the surface of the aluminum article 3.
This oxidation forms a hard layer 6 of alumina on the surface of the article (see figure 2).
The layer 6 is made up mainly of a alumina and a low percentage of y alumina.
It is covered with a surface layer 7 of mullite (silico-alumina) which is porous.
Depending on the period of application of the micro-arcs, the thickness of the hard alumina layer 6 can vary in the range 5 microns to 100 microns.
The alumina layer has a much higher hardness and a much higher resistance to wear than coatings obtained by conventional anodization or by thermal plasma sputtering.
The Vickers hardness of this layer is greater than 1 500 whereas that of convention ceramic layers obtained by anodization is at most equal to 450.
In accordance with the invention, the following are applied to the hard layer 6, 7 obtained in this way: a second layer 8 based on polytetrafluoroethylene and chemical agents to constitute a primer and then one or two polytetrafluoroethylene-based finish layers 9, 10.
The layers 8, 9, 10 can have a total thickness in the range 5 microns to 50 microns.
The table below gives examples of compositions of the various layers 8, 9, 10 in the case of a non-stick coating for culinary utensils.
Component Layer 8 Layer 9 Layer 10 weight % weight % weight %
Silica sol precipitated to 10 - 30 0 0 30% dry extract in aqueous SNOWTEX" C.30 solution Polytetrafluoroethylene, 20 - 50 80 - 90 80 - 90 60% dzy extract, aqueous dispersion. (* ) Perfluoroalkoxy, 50% dry 0 - 20 0 0 extract, aqueous dispersion (PFA 6900 HOECHST) Mica flakes coated with 0 0 - 3 0 - 3 Titanium dioxide Iron oxide or carbon black 0 - 5 0 - 0.5 0 mineral pigments Emulsion of spreading 0 - 15 10 - 20 10 - 20 agents, 15% dry extract including approximately 5% - 10% acrylic copolymers Polyamide-imide resin in 0 - 40 0 0 aqueous solution, 12% dry extract (*) Polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion is preferably Daikin" DIK or D46 After application of layers 8, 9 and 10 the coating obtained is sintered at a temperature in the range 400 C to 420 C for a period in the range 3 minutes to minutes.
The PTFE-based layer 8, 9 and 10 are found to adhere very well to the alumina-based hard layer 6, 7.
10 This result is explained by the porous nature of the alumina layer 6, 7. Because of this, particles of PTFE
in the primer layer 8 can penetrate into the pores of the mullite layer 7 to assure excellent adhesion of the layer 8.
Before applying the PTFE coating the surface can be polished to remove some or all of the mullite and thereby 5 obtain a smoother surface.
The PTFE coating can be applied to the hard layer either when polished as described above or not, as previously, and polished after sintering it.
In all cases the same result is obtained: a coating that is extremely resistant to scratching and having the non-stick properties of a conventional polytetrafluoroethylene coating, because the PTFE is lodged in the pores present throughout the thickness of the layer of A1203 and mullite.
The present invention is intended particularly for non-stick coatings of culinary articles, but applies equally to any article on which a slippery surface having excellent hardness and resistance to wear is required (for example the hotplate of an iron).
Silica sol precipitated to 10 - 30 0 0 30% dry extract in aqueous SNOWTEX" C.30 solution Polytetrafluoroethylene, 20 - 50 80 - 90 80 - 90 60% dzy extract, aqueous dispersion. (* ) Perfluoroalkoxy, 50% dry 0 - 20 0 0 extract, aqueous dispersion (PFA 6900 HOECHST) Mica flakes coated with 0 0 - 3 0 - 3 Titanium dioxide Iron oxide or carbon black 0 - 5 0 - 0.5 0 mineral pigments Emulsion of spreading 0 - 15 10 - 20 10 - 20 agents, 15% dry extract including approximately 5% - 10% acrylic copolymers Polyamide-imide resin in 0 - 40 0 0 aqueous solution, 12% dry extract (*) Polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion is preferably Daikin" DIK or D46 After application of layers 8, 9 and 10 the coating obtained is sintered at a temperature in the range 400 C to 420 C for a period in the range 3 minutes to minutes.
The PTFE-based layer 8, 9 and 10 are found to adhere very well to the alumina-based hard layer 6, 7.
10 This result is explained by the porous nature of the alumina layer 6, 7. Because of this, particles of PTFE
in the primer layer 8 can penetrate into the pores of the mullite layer 7 to assure excellent adhesion of the layer 8.
Before applying the PTFE coating the surface can be polished to remove some or all of the mullite and thereby 5 obtain a smoother surface.
The PTFE coating can be applied to the hard layer either when polished as described above or not, as previously, and polished after sintering it.
In all cases the same result is obtained: a coating that is extremely resistant to scratching and having the non-stick properties of a conventional polytetrafluoroethylene coating, because the PTFE is lodged in the pores present throughout the thickness of the layer of A1203 and mullite.
The present invention is intended particularly for non-stick coatings of culinary articles, but applies equally to any article on which a slippery surface having excellent hardness and resistance to wear is required (for example the hotplate of an iron).
Claims (8)
1. A multilayer non-stick coating of improved hardness and increased resistance to scratching and wear for aluminum articles including the following layers:
- a first layer comprising .alpha.-alumina and .gamma.-alumina covered with a surface layer of mullite, such first layer, that is provided with a hardness of greater than 1500 Vickers, being obtained by anodic oxidation of the aluminum article immersed in an alkaline solution during application of micro-arcs to said article, said mullite layer optionally being partially or totally removed, - a second layer comprising polytetrafluoro-ethylene which constitutes a primer for - one or more finished layers comprising polytetrafluoroethylene.
- a first layer comprising .alpha.-alumina and .gamma.-alumina covered with a surface layer of mullite, such first layer, that is provided with a hardness of greater than 1500 Vickers, being obtained by anodic oxidation of the aluminum article immersed in an alkaline solution during application of micro-arcs to said article, said mullite layer optionally being partially or totally removed, - a second layer comprising polytetrafluoro-ethylene which constitutes a primer for - one or more finished layers comprising polytetrafluoroethylene.
2. The coating claimed in claim 1 wherein said first layer has a thickness in the range of 5 microns to 100 microns.
3. The coating claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein said second layer and said finish layer(s) have a thickness in the range of 5 microns to 50 microns.
4. An aluminum or aluminum alloy article having a coating as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. An aluminum or aluminum alloy culinary utensil having a coating as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3.
6. Method for manufacturing an aluminum article coated with a multilayer non-stick coating, said coated article having improved hardness and increased resistance to scratching and wear, said method including the following steps:
7 a) producing directly on an aluminum article a porous first layer comprising .alpha.-alumina and .gamma.-alumina covered with a surface layer of mullite, such porous first layer, that is provided with a hardness of greater than 1500 Vickers, being produced by anodic oxidation of the aluminum article immersed in an alkaline solution during application of micro-arcs, b) applying on this porous first layer a second layer comprising polytetrafluoroethylene which constitutes a primer for one or more finished layers comprising polytetrafluoroethylene, c) applying thereto one or more finished layers comprising polytetrafluoroethylene, and d) sintering the coating thus obtained.
7. The method claimed in claim 6, wherein it further comprises, prior to step b), a polishing step in order to remove some or all of the mullite layer.
7. The method claimed in claim 6, wherein it further comprises, prior to step b), a polishing step in order to remove some or all of the mullite layer.
8. The method claimed in claim 6 or 7, further including, after step d), a final step of polishing part of the coating obtained.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9711242 | 1997-09-10 | ||
| FR9711242A FR2768158B1 (en) | 1997-09-10 | 1997-09-10 | IMPROVED DURATION NON-STICK LAYER COATING FOR ALUMINUM SUPPORT, ARTICLES AND CULINARY UTENSILS INCLUDING THIS COATING |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2246215A1 CA2246215A1 (en) | 1999-03-10 |
| CA2246215C true CA2246215C (en) | 2007-05-08 |
Family
ID=9510930
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2246215 Expired - Fee Related CA2246215C (en) | 1997-09-10 | 1998-09-02 | Multilayer non-stick coating of improved hardness for aluminum articles and articles and culinary utensils incorporating such coating |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0902105B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3881461B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2246215C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69820181T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2212236T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2768158B1 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR199801803A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8499963B2 (en) | 2007-11-16 | 2013-08-06 | Seb Sa | Culinary article having a corrosion-resistant and scratch-resistant non-stick coating |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2807071B1 (en) | 2000-03-28 | 2002-11-15 | Dja Dodane Jean Et Associes | CERAMO-METALLIC ANTI-ADHESIVE COATING FOR CULINARY UTENSILS |
| KR100524045B1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2005-10-27 | 주식회사 알파크린테크 | Automatic control device for micro arc oxidation and automatic controlling method thereof |
| US7964085B1 (en) | 2002-11-25 | 2011-06-21 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Electrochemical removal of tantalum-containing materials |
| US6919012B1 (en) | 2003-03-25 | 2005-07-19 | Olimex Group, Inc. | Method of making a composite article comprising a ceramic coating |
| DE102005013670A1 (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2006-09-21 | Decoma (Germany) Gmbh | Method for treating a surface |
| US8617672B2 (en) | 2005-07-13 | 2013-12-31 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Localized surface annealing of components for substrate processing chambers |
| US9127362B2 (en) | 2005-10-31 | 2015-09-08 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Process kit and target for substrate processing chamber |
| CN101019742B (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2010-05-19 | 严卫星 | Making process of antiwear nonstick cooker |
| US7942969B2 (en) | 2007-05-30 | 2011-05-17 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Substrate cleaning chamber and components |
| US20090127246A1 (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2009-05-21 | Bsh Home Appliances Corporation | Treated structural components for a cooking appliance |
| SG157239A1 (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2009-12-29 | Fulita Internat Entpr Pte Ltd | A process for forming coatings on metallic surfaces |
| KR20120065358A (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2012-06-20 | 메이어 인텔렉츄얼 프로퍼티즈 리미티드 | Anodized clad copper cookware |
| FR2967563B1 (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2013-08-23 | Seb Sa | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A COOKING CONTAINER COMPRISING A HARD-COLORED ANODIZED EXTERIOR |
| ES2394703B1 (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2014-02-28 | BSH Electrodomésticos España S.A. | Cooking product support clamping device |
| FR2982138B1 (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2013-11-01 | Seb Sa | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A COOKING CONTAINER COMPRISING A HARD-COLORED ANODIZED EXTERIOR |
| FR2987732B1 (en) | 2012-03-07 | 2014-04-11 | Seb Sa | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A COOKING CONTAINER COMPRISING A HARD-COLORED ANODIZED EXTERIOR |
| FR2990615B1 (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2015-07-31 | Seb Sa | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A COOKING CONTAINER HAVING AN ELECTROCHEMICALLY COLORED ANODIZED EXTERIOR |
| JP2014005480A (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2014-01-16 | Naofumi Warabi | Enameled article of mao crystalline metal oxide |
| CN103963368B (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2016-10-05 | 上海旭奈超贸易有限公司 | A kind of alloy product with fluor resin coating |
| CN107567221B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2019-11-22 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | A kind of shell and its preparation method and application |
| CN107567217B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2019-11-22 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | A kind of shell and its preparation method and application |
| CN108720621B (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2021-08-10 | 佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司 | Non-stick coating, preparation method thereof, pot and cooking equipment |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5147515A (en) * | 1989-09-04 | 1992-09-15 | Dipsol Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Method for forming ceramic films by anode-spark discharge |
| GB8923302D0 (en) * | 1989-10-16 | 1989-12-06 | Meyer Manuf Co Ltd | Cookware |
| GB9222275D0 (en) * | 1992-10-23 | 1992-12-09 | Meyer Manuf Co Ltd | Cookware and a method of forming same |
| RU2086713C1 (en) * | 1995-07-11 | 1997-08-10 | Федорова Людмила Петровна | Thin-layer ceramic coating and method of manufacturing thereof |
-
1997
- 1997-09-10 FR FR9711242A patent/FR2768158B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-09-02 CA CA 2246215 patent/CA2246215C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-09-02 EP EP98402174A patent/EP0902105B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-02 DE DE1998620181 patent/DE69820181T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-09-02 ES ES98402174T patent/ES2212236T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-10 JP JP25720398A patent/JP3881461B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-09-10 TR TR1998/01803A patent/TR199801803A1/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8499963B2 (en) | 2007-11-16 | 2013-08-06 | Seb Sa | Culinary article having a corrosion-resistant and scratch-resistant non-stick coating |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69820181T2 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
| EP0902105A1 (en) | 1999-03-17 |
| DE69820181D1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
| JP3881461B2 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
| FR2768158A1 (en) | 1999-03-12 |
| ES2212236T3 (en) | 2004-07-16 |
| CA2246215A1 (en) | 1999-03-10 |
| TR199801803A1 (en) | 1999-03-22 |
| FR2768158B1 (en) | 2001-06-01 |
| JPH11137440A (en) | 1999-05-25 |
| EP0902105B1 (en) | 2003-12-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2246215C (en) | Multilayer non-stick coating of improved hardness for aluminum articles and articles and culinary utensils incorporating such coating | |
| US20010019778A1 (en) | Multilayer non-stick coating of improved hardness for aluminum articles and articles and culinary utensils incorporating such coating | |
| US5275713A (en) | Method of coating aluminum with alkali metal molybdenate-alkali metal silicate or alkali metal tungstenate-alkali metal silicate and electroyltic solutions therefor | |
| US11352708B2 (en) | Colored multilayer oxide coatings | |
| CA2491095C (en) | Method for anodizing aluminum materials | |
| KR20080098331A (en) | Anodizing aluminum and alloys thereof | |
| JP2011502675A (en) | Cooking utensils with a non-stick coating having scratch and corrosion resistance | |
| US3563785A (en) | Method of resin coating of the metal and resin-coated metal product therefor | |
| JPWO2012111739A1 (en) | Surface treatment method for metal member and metal member obtained thereby | |
| JP2010538158A (en) | Corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy substrate and method for producing the same | |
| US20150284835A1 (en) | Method of making enhanced surface coating for light metal workpiece | |
| US3574071A (en) | Fluorine-containing resin coated articles | |
| US4818350A (en) | Method of making a rice cooker | |
| US20040261932A1 (en) | Non-stick coating having improved scratch and abrasion resistance | |
| US3930806A (en) | Laminated cookware units | |
| JPH02185993A (en) | Covering of finishing metal layer on surface of anode-treating metal base | |
| JP3666375B2 (en) | Surface-treated aluminum material and method for producing the same | |
| US4853278A (en) | Coated cookware | |
| JP3682575B2 (en) | Surface-treated aluminum material with excellent coating film hardness, coating film adhesion and impact resistance | |
| WO2017183336A1 (en) | Aluminum coated material and method for producing same | |
| KR101176224B1 (en) | Jointing material and receptacle using the same | |
| Mathew | A Short Review on Aluminum Anodizing: An Eco-Friendly Metal Finishing Process | |
| JPH06212392A (en) | Method for sealing thermal-sprayed coating | |
| US20190309434A1 (en) | Method for producing an aluminium component having a coloured surface | |
| KR920000534Y1 (en) | Coated aluminum alloy disc |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |