EP0900981B1 - Allumeur pilote pour brûleur - Google Patents

Allumeur pilote pour brûleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0900981B1
EP0900981B1 EP19970830439 EP97830439A EP0900981B1 EP 0900981 B1 EP0900981 B1 EP 0900981B1 EP 19970830439 EP19970830439 EP 19970830439 EP 97830439 A EP97830439 A EP 97830439A EP 0900981 B1 EP0900981 B1 EP 0900981B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubular casing
pilot lighter
pilot
lighter
burner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19970830439
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0900981A1 (fr
Inventor
Roberto Sardano
Giordano Tapparo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AC Boilers SpA
Original Assignee
Ansaldo Caldaie SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ansaldo Caldaie SpA filed Critical Ansaldo Caldaie SpA
Priority to EP19970830439 priority Critical patent/EP0900981B1/fr
Publication of EP0900981A1 publication Critical patent/EP0900981A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0900981B1 publication Critical patent/EP0900981B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q9/00—Pilot flame igniters
    • F23Q9/02—Pilot flame igniters without interlock with main fuel supply
    • F23Q9/04—Pilot flame igniters without interlock with main fuel supply for upright burners, e.g. gas-cooker burners
    • F23Q9/045—Structurally associated with a main-burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D23/00—Assemblies of two or more burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q3/00—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
    • F23Q3/008—Structurally associated with fluid-fuel burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2207/00—Ignition devices associated with burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00014—Pilot burners specially adapted for ignition of main burners in furnaces or gas turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pilot lighter for burners having a lighting end positioned in the vicinity of a burner end section housed inside a wind box, of the type comprising a nozzle supplied by a fuel duct of the pilot lighter and a sparking head of a spark generator.
  • lighters of the type described are normally used in the boilers of thermal power plants for the production of electric energy.
  • the fuel used for supplying these boilers consists of gas, gas oil, fuel oil, coal dust and the like, while the pilot lighter is normally supplied with gas or gas oil.
  • the function of the pilot lighter is that of causing lighting of the burner and more precisely of a combustion mixture in which the fuel is supplied via a special duct and the combustion agent, generally consisting of air or vapour, enters the wind box via a register.
  • pilot lighter is exposed to severe operating conditions since, for reasons of constructional simplicity, the temperature, the speed and the quality of the air are not regulated and optimised in order to favour lighting thereof.
  • the sparking head and the nozzle of the pilot lighter should be located in a position which is as far forwards as possible relative to the burner end section. It is obvious, however, that such a position would be the cause of rapid wear of the pilot lighter and in particular of the sparking head which is one of the most costly components of the lighting system. A consequence of this is that the pilot lighter is often located in a position which is offset with respect to the burner, at a distance from the burner end section which is greater than the optimum distance for favouring lighting of the burner.
  • Document GB-A-751 217 discloses an igniter unit adapted for use in connection with fluent burner means discharging into a furnace chamber operating at superatmospheric pressure, having a receiving tube which is open at its inner of furnace chamber end, which is arranged to receive a part of the unit whitdrawable for inspection or repair and which is provided with means for preventing leakage of furnace gases there-through, the said means including provision, effective when the said part is withdrawn, for directing gaseous fluid supplied under pressure into the receiving tube and towards the furnace chamber.
  • This igniter has the drawback that it requires a line of high pressure air to be supplied .
  • the technical problem underlying the present invention consists in devising a pilot lighter which has structural and functional characteristics such as to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above with reference to the known art.
  • the idea underlying the invention is that of making supplying of the combustion agent for the pilot lighter entirely independent of supplying of the combustion agent to the burner end section.
  • the intake section is positioned upstream of a register of the wind box which regulates the throughput of the combustion agent to the burner.
  • the pilot lighter comprises flame stabilising means positioned inside the tubular casing at the lighting end and upstream of the nozzle with respect to the flow of the combustion agent.
  • pilot lighter according to the invention lies in the fact that it is able to remain lit even in precarious situations where there is a shortage of air and causes immediate lighting of the burner in any operating situation.
  • B generally denotes the burner of a boiler comprising a pilot lighter 6 according to the invention, referred to below as lighter 6.
  • the burner B which is known per se, is housed in a substantially concentric position inside a cylindrical wind box 1 with a predefined axis X-X, shown in Figure 1 by dot-dash lines, and open at one end.
  • the wind box 1 is provided with a register 31 by means of which the throughput of combustion air to be conveyed to an end section 2 of the burner B where combustion occurs, is regulated.
  • the end section 2 of the burner B is positioned at the abovementioned open end of the wind box 1.
  • the wind box 1 and consequently the burner B as well are housed inside a burner casing denoted by 33.
  • the burner B comprises a swirling device 5 intended to generate a high degree of turbulence in the combustion air which strikes it.
  • the swirling device 5 takes the form of a disc arranged perpendicularly with respect to the axis X-X and formed by a plurality of inclined vanes 32 which extend radially from a hub keyed onto the end of a tubular support element 4.
  • the hub of the swirling device 5 has coaxially inserted inside it an atomisation head 24 in fluid communication with a pipe 3 which extends inside the wind box 1 in the direction X-X and is coaxially located inside the tubular support element 4.
  • the pipe 3 allows the supply of fuel, for example gas oil or fuel oil, to the end section 2 of the burner B and in particular to the atomisation head 24.
  • the stream of combustion air which enters the wind box 1 through the register 31 advances in the axial direction X-X towards the end section 2 of the burner B until it collides, at least partly, against the vanes 32 of the swirling device 5, becoming turbulent.
  • the fuel supplied via the duct 4 reaches the atomisation head 24 which sprays it.
  • the abovementioned turbulence favours the mixing of the combustion air with the fuel and allows the flame to remain lit at the end section 2 of the burner B.
  • the pilot lighter 6 comprises a tubular casing 7 which is preferably rectilinear with an axis A-A and is contained inside the wind box 1 and the casing 33 of the burner so as to be substantially parallel to the direction X-X.
  • the tubular casing 7 extends between a lighting end 8, positioned at the end section 2 of the burner B, and a second end 9 located outside the wind box 1 and the burner casing 33.
  • the tubular casing 7 has housed inside it, in a substantially concentric position, a duct 11 for supplying a fuel, normally gas oil, fuel oil, natural gas or LPG, to a nozzle 12 located at the lighting end 8 of the pilot lighter. It should be emphasised that the fuel of the pilot lighter 6 may also differ from that used for supplying the burner B.
  • the tubular casing 7 contains a spark generator 13 comprising a sparking head 16 located at the lighting end 8, in the immediate vicinity of the nozzle 12.
  • the sparking head 16 is supported by a protection tube 14 axially extending over the entire length of the tubular casing 7 and housing inside it a bipolar cable 15 comprising a pair of current conductors electrically isolated from one another.
  • the two current conductors are connected to the sparking head 16 so that, by applying to them a suitable difference in potential, sparks are produced at the sparking head 16.
  • the protection tube 14 is made of conductor material
  • the protection tube 14 is integrally fixed to the duct 11 by means of a plurality of spacers 17 such that the spark generator 13 is integral with the duct 11.
  • a channel 25 with a cross-section sufficient to allow the passage, inside the tubular duct 7, of the flow of combustion agent - in the example considered, air - necessary for supplying the pilot lighter during operation thereof.
  • the combustion air is sucked in through an intake section which, in the example, takes the form of an opening 26 formed in the tubular casing 7 of the pilot lighter 6.
  • the opening 26 is positioned inside the burner casing 33, but upstream of the register 31 of the wind box 1, i.e. in the section of the pilot lighter 6 outside the wind box 1.
  • the pilot lighter 6 is lit, this enables a pressure to be obtained at the opening 26 greater than at the lighting end 8 of the pilot lighter so as to ensure the flow inside the channel 25 of the required combustion air, without the need for using means such as fans, aspirators and the like.
  • the pilot lighter 6 comprises means 18 for slidably supporting and centring the duct 11 and the protection tube 14 inside the tubular casing 7.
  • the support means 18 comprise a plurality of sliding elements, which are two in number in the example and indicated by 19, extending along the abovementioned axis A-A.
  • the sliding elements 19 are integral with the duct 11 and rest slidably on the internal wall of the tubular casing 7.
  • the aforementioned sliding elements 19 are of the type with a reduced fluid resistance in order to limit the load losses of the combustion air inside the channel 25.
  • the abovementioned means 18 for slidably supporting the duct 11 and the protection tube 14 additionally comprise a piston 20 partially inserted inside the tubular casing 7, from the end 9 thereof, so as to form a sliding piston-and-cylinder combination.
  • This piston-and-cylinder combination ensures the tightness of the tubular casing 7 upstream of the opening 26.
  • the end 21 of the piston 20 has formed in it two openings, indicated by 22 and 23 ( Figure 4), inside which the duct 11 and the protection tube 14 of the spark generator 13 are inserted, respectively.
  • the piston 20 is rigidly connected to the duct 11 and to the protection tube 14 so as to be integral therewith during translation.
  • the piston 20 is sealingly connected, for example by means of welding, to the duct 11 and to the protection tube 14 of the spark generator 13, respectively, so as to avoid any leakages.
  • the opening 26 has associated with it a shutter 27 sliding between an open position where it is completely retracted from the opening 26, allowing the entry of the combustion air inside the tubular casing 7 and a closed position where it constricts the opening 26.
  • the shutter 27 constricts the opening 26 leaving free a portion equivalent to 20% of the total opening.
  • the shutter 27 is housed inside the tubular casing 7 and is integrally fixed, during translation, to the duct 11 so as to be in the aforementioned open and closed positions when the sparking head 16 and consequently the nozzle 12 are in the aforementioned advanced and retracted positions, respectively.
  • the shutter 27 is in the form of a cylinder segment open at the ends so as not to obstruct the free passage of the air into the channel 25.
  • the pilot lighter 6 comprises a flame stabiliser 28 positioned inside the tubular casing 7 at the lighting end 8 so as to generate a high degree of turbulence in the combustion air of the pilot lighter 6 upstream of the nozzle 12.
  • the flame stabiliser 28 is formed by a plurality of inclined vanes, which are five in number in the example and indicated by 29 and which extend radially from a hub 10 towards the tubular casing 7, the hub 10 being keyed onto the end of the duct 11 immediately behind the nozzle 12.
  • the flame stabiliser 28 is therefore integral, during translation, with the duct 11 and the spark generator 13.
  • the vane 29 located in correspondence with the protection tube 14 of the spark generator 13 has formed in it a hole 30 inside which the protection tube 14 is inserted.
  • the vanes 29 are inclined at an angle a which preferably assumes a value of between 35° and 65°. In the present example of embodiment the angle a is about 45°.
  • the nozzle 12 and the sparking head 16, which constitute the most delicate and costly parts of the pilot lighter 6, are housed inside the tubular casing 7, in the abovementioned retracted position, while the shutter 27 is located in the closed position where the opening 26 is constricted.
  • actuation of the piston 20 causes displacement of the duct 11 and the spark generator 13 from the retracted position to the advanced position and the simultaneous displacement of the shutter 27 into the open position.
  • the opening 26 is completely free, the nozzle 12 is positioned in the vicinity of the lighting end 8 of the pilot lighter 6 and the sparking head 16 projects from the abovementioned lighting end 8 ( Figure 5).
  • the nozzle 12 and the sparking head 16 are thus located in the vicinity of the end section 2 of the burner B.
  • Lighting of the pilot lighter 6 is achieved by generating a series of high-energy sparks at the sparking head 16 of the spark generator 13, while the fuel pumped to the nozzle 12 through the duct 11 is sprayed from said nozzle.
  • Lighting of the pilot lighter 6 causes a continuous flow of combustion air into the channel 25 from the opening 26 towards the lighting end 8 of the tubular casing 7. Owing to the effect of the turbulence created by the vanes 29 of the flame stabiliser 28 in the combustion air which flows from the opening 26, the fuel sprayed from the nozzle 12 is finely dispersed in the combustion air, resulting in the formation of an optimum combustion mixture able to ensure prompt and reliable lighting of the pilot lighter 6.
  • Lighting of the pilot lighter 6 allows ignition of the combustion mixture of the burner B which is formed downstream of the swirling device 5 and composed of the combustion air sucked in through the register 31 of the wind box 1 and the fuel sprayed from the atomisation head 24, causing lighting of the burner B.
  • the spark generator 13 and the duct 11 are brought into the abovementioned retracted position so that the sparking head 16 and the nozzle 12 inside the tubular casing 7 are protected from the flame and the radiation of the burner B.
  • the shutter 27 is brought into the closed position where it constricts the opening 26 without closing it completely.
  • this allows the flow, through the opening 26, of a quantity of combustion air sufficient to ensure continuous cooling of the sparking head 16 and the nozzle 12.
  • the degree of constriction of the opening 26 resulting from the closed position of the shutter 27 may be optimised depending on the type of sparking head and nozzle of the pilot lighter used and hence the throughput of combustion air necessary for ensuring cooling thereof.
  • the pilot lighter according to the invention allows the technical problem referred to in the introductory part of the description to be overcome.
  • the combustion agent to be supplied to the lighting end of the pilot lighter entirely independently of the boiler burner, it being possible moreover to use for the pilot lighter a combustion agent different from that used for the burner.
  • pilot lighter according to the invention consists in the fact that it may be positioned in an optimum manner with respect to the end section of the burner so as to ensure lighting of the burner, while being subject at the same time to less wear.
  • pilot lighter according to the invention consists in the fact that it allows better monitoring of the flame produced using the conventional systems and allows a significant reduction in the amount of smoke produced upon lighting of the boilers.
  • a further advantage of the pilot lighter according to the invention consists in the fact that it allows the use of high-energy spark generators since the particularly delicate sparking head associated with them may be effectively protected and cooled inside the tubular casing as described further above.
  • the protection of the sparking head and the nozzle is achieved not only by retraction of them with respect to the lighting end of the pilot lighter, but also by the effective cooling ensured by the combustion air which flows through the pilot lighter itself.
  • the opening through which the combustion agent flows into the pilot lighter may be supplied by a circuit, if necessary using clean air at an optimum pressure and temperature so as to favour lighting thereof.
  • the shutter allowing constriction of the opening of the tubular casing may be operated independently of the spark generator and the nozzle of the pilot lighter.
  • the retraction of the igniting head and the nozzle of the pilot lighter may also be obtained with a retraction of the entire tubular casing of the pilot lighter.
  • the pilot lighter according to the invention may be used as an aid for coal-fired burners, the pilot lighter being able to be adapted to the different types of burners.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lighters Containing Fuel (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Allumeur pilote (6) pour brûleurs ayant une extrémité d'allumage (8) positionnée au voisinage d'une section extrême (2) d'un brûleur (B) logé dans une boíte à vent (1), du type comportant un gicleur (12) alimenté par un conduit (11) de combustible de l'allumeur pilote (6) et une tête d'allumage (16) d'un générateur (13) d'étincelles, dans lequel le générateur (13) d'étincelles et le conduit (11) de combustible sont logés à l'intérieur d'une enveloppe tubulaire (7) ayant un axe prédéfini (A-A) et ayant une section d'admission (26), ladite enveloppe tubulaire (7) définissant un canal (25) pour amener l'agent de combustion de l'allumeur pilote (6) entre ladite section d'admission (26) et l'extrémité d'allumage (8) de l'allumeur pilote (6), l'amenée de l'agent de combustion pour l'allumeur pilote (6) à l'extrémité d'allumage étant indépendante de l'amenée de l'agent de combustion à la section (2) du brûleur (B),
       caractérisé en ce qu'il est associé à la section d'admission (26) un obturateur (27) mobile entre une position ouverte et une position fermée dans lesquelles ledit obturateur (27) n'est pas engagé et réduit la section d'admission (26), respectivement.
  2. Allumeur pilote (6) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite section d'admission (26) est positionnée en amont d'un registre (31) de la boíte à vent (1) qui régule le débit de l'agent de combustion vers le brûleur (B).
  3. Allumeur pilote (6) selon la revendication 2, dans lequel ladite section d'admission (26) présente une ouverture positionnée dans une section de l'enveloppe tubulaire (7) extérieure à la boíte à vent (1) du brûleur (B).
  4. Allumeur pilote (6) selon la revendication 1, comportant un moyen (28) de stabilisation de flamme positionné dans l'enveloppe tubulaire (7) à l'extrémité d'allumage (8) et en amont du gicleur (12) par rapport à l'écoulement de l'agent de combustion.
  5. Allumeur pilote (6) selon la revendication 4, dans lequel ledit moyen (28) de stabilisation de flamme comporte plusieurs aubes (29) s'étendant depuis un moyeu (10) calé sur le conduit de combustible (11) vers l'enveloppe tubulaire (7) et inclinées d'un angle prédéterminé (a) par rapport à un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe (A-A) de l'enveloppe tubulaire (7).
  6. Allumeur pilote (6) selon la revendication 5, dans lequel ledit angle (a) prend une valeur comprise entre 35° et 65°.
  7. Allumeur pilote (6) selon la revendication 1, comportant un moyen (18) destiné à supporter de façon coulissante et à centrer le conduit de combustible (11) et le générateur d'étincelles (13) à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe tubulaire (7) et un moyen d'actionnement destiné à déplacer le long de l'axe (A-A) ladite tête d'allumage (16) et ledit gicleur (12) entre une position avancée d'allumage dans laquelle ils sont proches de ladite extrémité d'allumage (8) et une position rétractée dans laquelle ils sont logés à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe tubulaire (7), protégés de la flamme et du rayonnement du brûleur (B).
  8. Allumeur pilote (6) selon la revendication 7, dans lequel ledit moyen (18) destiné à supporter de façon coulissante et à centrer le conduit de combustible (11) et le générateur d'étincelles (13) comporte plusieurs éléments coulissants (19) formés d'une seule pièce avec le conduit de combustible (11) et le générateur d'étincelles (13) et reposant de façon coulissante sur la paroi intérieure de l'enveloppe tubulaire (7).
  9. Allumeur pilote (6) selon la revendication 8, dans lequel ladite pluralité d'éléments coulissants (19) sont du type opposant une résistance réduite au fluide, afin de limiter les pertes de charge de l'agent de combustion dans le canal (25).
  10. Allumeur pilote (6) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'obturateur (27) est solidaire, pendant une translation, du générateur d'étincelles (13) et du conduit de combustible (11), les positions ouverte et fermée de l'obturateur (27) correspondant aux positions avancée et rétractée du générateur d'étincelles (13) et du conduit de combustible (11), respectivement.
  11. Allumeur pilote (6) selon la revendication 7 ou 8, dans lequel ledit moyen (18) destiné à supporter de façon coulissante et à centrer le conduit de combustible (11) et le générateur d'étincelles (13) comprend un piston (20) introduit à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe tubulaire (7) à l'extrémité opposée à l'extrémité d'allumage (8) afin de former une combinaison à piston-et-cylindre qui assure l'étanchéité de l'enveloppe tubulaire (7) en amont de la section d'admission (26), le conduit de combustible (11) et le générateur d'étincelles (13) étant solidaires, pendant une translation, du piston (20) et étant introduits axialement à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe tubulaire (7) à travers des ouvertures respectives (22, 23) formées dans la section extrême (21) du piston (20).
  12. Allumeur pilote (6) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la section d'admission (26) est alimentée par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit en un agent de combustion sous une pression et une température optimales pour favoriser l'allumage de la flamme.
  13. Allumeur pilote (6) selon la revendication 1, comportant un moyen mécanique pour transporter l'agent de combustion jusque dans l'enveloppe tubulaire (7) à travers la section d'admission (26).
EP19970830439 1997-09-04 1997-09-04 Allumeur pilote pour brûleur Expired - Lifetime EP0900981B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19970830439 EP0900981B1 (fr) 1997-09-04 1997-09-04 Allumeur pilote pour brûleur

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19970830439 EP0900981B1 (fr) 1997-09-04 1997-09-04 Allumeur pilote pour brûleur

Publications (2)

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EP0900981A1 EP0900981A1 (fr) 1999-03-10
EP0900981B1 true EP0900981B1 (fr) 2002-05-15

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009032793A1 (fr) * 2007-09-06 2009-03-12 Coen Company, Inc. Pilote de brûleur avec rotor virtuel

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113710902A (zh) 2019-02-05 2021-11-26 多明流体动力有限公司 旋转伺服阀

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2689000A (en) * 1951-06-06 1954-09-14 Babcock & Wilcox Co Furnace lighter with cam interlocked air operated controls
GB751217A (en) * 1953-11-23 1956-06-27 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in igniter units
DE1137163B (de) * 1960-09-16 1962-09-27 Kromschroeder Ag G Thermoelektrischer Zuendkopf
US3168133A (en) * 1962-07-03 1965-02-02 Foster Wheeler Corp Gas fired igniter
CH622081A5 (fr) * 1977-06-17 1981-03-13 Sulzer Ag
US4595355A (en) * 1985-01-29 1986-06-17 Pendell Boiler Limited Forced draft burner
US4610625A (en) * 1985-09-23 1986-09-09 Bunn Richard L Burner

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009032793A1 (fr) * 2007-09-06 2009-03-12 Coen Company, Inc. Pilote de brûleur avec rotor virtuel

Also Published As

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