EP0898688B1 - VERFAHREN ZUR MINIMIERUNG DES NOx-GEHALTES IN RAUCHGASEN - Google Patents
VERFAHREN ZUR MINIMIERUNG DES NOx-GEHALTES IN RAUCHGASEN Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0898688B1 EP0898688B1 EP97923043A EP97923043A EP0898688B1 EP 0898688 B1 EP0898688 B1 EP 0898688B1 EP 97923043 A EP97923043 A EP 97923043A EP 97923043 A EP97923043 A EP 97923043A EP 0898688 B1 EP0898688 B1 EP 0898688B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- combustion
- flue gases
- fluidized bed
- free space
- sewage sludge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001914 calming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003500 flue dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
- F23G5/165—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber arranged at a different level
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/12—Sludge, slurries or mixtures of liquids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
- F23L2900/07002—Injecting inert gas, other than steam or evaporated water, into the combustion chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
- F23L2900/07009—Injection of steam into the combustion chamber
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating incinerators for sewage sludge, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a free space is a room with greatly reduced combustion. It serves to separate flue gases and dust as well as a slight post-combustion of CO and organic carbon and is also known as a calming room.
- a method of the type mentioned at the outset is known, for example, from DE 3703568 A1.
- a method for operating fluidized bed furnaces in which, for example, sewage sludge is burned in a fluidized bed which is located in the combustion zone of the fluidized bed furnace.
- the fluidized bed is produced in this process by using a mixture of combustion air and flue gases as the fluidized air, the flue gases being admixed to the combustion air in a temperature and quantity-controlled manner.
- the NO x concentration in the flue gas can be reduced. Nevertheless, a residual amount of NO x remains in the flue gas and therefore it is desirable in the context of environmental protection, especially air pollution control, to further reduce the NO x emissions.
- Document EP-A1-0 411 133 also discloses a method of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the flue gases above the free space are set in turbulent motion by blowing so-called secondary air to support the combustion, but the NO x formation is promoted.
- Document EP-A2-0 541 194 discloses a combustion process which works without free space, and with the water or steam in the main and / or second combustion stage is injected in order to increase the dioxin formation suppress.
- document WO 92/13237 discloses a fluidized bed furnace in which distributor elements are arranged below or above the fluidized bed, on the one hand to better distribute the fuel under the fluidized bed and on the other hand to increase the turbulence above the fluidized bed, which optimizes the combustion. NO x reduction is achieved by adding ammonia to the free space above the fluidized bed.
- the object of the invention was to further reduce the NO x content in flue gases or to provide alternative methods.
- the present task is thus achieved by a method of the type mentioned at the beginning Solved type, which is characterized in that the smoke gases in the free space can be set into turbulent motion by injecting inert gas, without significantly increasing the turbulence in the combustion zone.
- the invention thus relates to a method for operating Incinerators according to claim 1.
- the combustion itself takes place in two stages, as in the process according to DE 3703568.
- Fluidized-bed ovens which have a fluidized bed in the combustion zone, deck ovens or grate ovens can be used as the combustion ovens.
- the process is suitable for the incineration of sewage sludge, since due to its protein content it can be expected that a lot of NO x will be burned.
- Water or nitrogen are preferably used as the inert or inert gas.
- the injection takes place advantageously in the free space above the combustion zone, in such a way that the turbulence in the combustion zone or fluidized bed is not significantly, preferably not increased.
- the method is particularly suitable for incinerators with combustion zone areas greater than 5, preferably 40, particularly preferably 100 and very particularly preferably 200 m 2 .
- NO x minimization through comparatively simple measures.
- secondary measures such as the SNCR or SCR process (Selective (Non-) Catalytic Reduction) are not required.
- the CO produced during combustion may act as a reducing agent, which is why it seems favorable not to reduce the CO formation in the fluidized bed.
- a reducing agent is also added.
- the method according to the invention is also suitable for incinerators low heat output down to 2000, even 1000 and even 500 kJ / (kg Fuel).
- the effect of the measure according to the invention is probably explained as follows.
- the nitrogen contained in the sewage sludge is essentially converted to NH 3 , N 2 and to a small extent to fuel NO x in the fluidized bed.
- the NO 2 content of total nitrogen is approx. 5%.
- Industrial sewage sludge 3 is burned in a two-stage fluidized bed furnace 1 with a combustion zone 2, in which the fluidized bed 11 is located.
- the combustion zone 2 with the fluidized bed 11 is located above an inflow floor 9, through which combustion air 7 is introduced into the fluidized bed 11 via an air distribution device (not shown).
- the sewage sludge 3 is burned in the fluidized bed 11 to reduce the fuel NO x formation with O 2 contents in the combustion air 7 (primary air) of approximately 1% by volume.
- the resulting smoke gases 12 enter a free space 4 above the fluidized bed and are drawn off via this free space 4 and fed to a second combustion stage.
- the after-reaction zone 6 the CO formed by the reducing combustion conditions is afterburned by feeding in secondary air 8 to CO 2 (O 2 contents in the after-reaction zone> 6% by volume).
- the injection of water vapor 10 according to the invention takes place via one or more nozzles 5 directly into the free space 4.
- the turbulence of the fluidized bed 11 is not or only slightly influenced by this injection.
- the sewage sludge 3 is preferably added from above, from a height which ensures that the sewage sludge 3 is still dried in the fluidized bed 11 during the fall through the hot flue gases 4.
- sewage sludge was burned under the following conditions: Quantity of sewage sludge approx. 10 t / h (40% dry matter) Amount of flue gas approx. 45000 Nm 3 / h (moist), approx. 35000 Nm 3 / h (dry) Fluidized bed temperature 750 - 850 ° C Temp. In free space 900 - 1000 ° C Temp. In the post-reaction zone 860 - 900 ° C Amount of fluidizing gas (primary air) approx. 20000 Nm 3 / h NO x concentration in free space approx. 3000 mg / Nm 3 CO concentration approx. 0.5 vol% Water content in the flue gas approx. 30 vol .-% Area of the inflow floor 16.6 m 2 Fluid bed furnace diameter 5.65 m Fluid bed furnace height 10.6 m
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art ist beispielsweise aus der DE 3703568 A1 bekannt. In dieser Schrift wird ein Verfahren zum Betrieb von Wirbelschichtöfen offenbart, bei dem beispielsweise Klärschlamm in einer Wirbelschicht, die sich in der Brennzone des Wirbelschichtofens befindet, verbrannt wird. Die Wirbelschicht wird bei diesem Verfahren dadurch erzeugt, daß als Wirbelluft eine Gemisch aus Verbrennungsluft und Rauchgasen verwendet wird, wobei die Rauchgase temperatur- und mengengeregelt der Verbrennungsluft zugemischt werden. Mit diesem Verfahren läßt sich die NOx-Konzentration im Rauchgas reduzieren. Dennoch verbleibt ein Rest an NOx im Rauchgas und daher ist es im Rahmen des Umweltschutzes, speziell der Luftreinhaltung wünschenswert, die Emissionen an NOx weiter zu senken.
Der im Klärschlamm enthaltene Stickstoff wird in der Wirbelschicht im wesentlichen zu NH3, N2 und zu einem geringen Anteil zu Brennstoff-NOx umgewandelt. Der NO2-Anteil von Gesamtstickstoff beträgt ca. 5%. Durch Minimierung des O2-Angebotes bei der Klärschlammverbrennung wird die Brennstoff NO-Bildung weitgehend unterdrückt, während die CO-Bildung begünstigt wird.
- Erhöhung der Konzentration eines Reduktionsmittels im Rauchgas (z. B. Erhöhung der CO-Konzentration),
- Erhöhung der Verweilzeit,
- Verbesserung der Turbulenz und der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit
4. Die Turbulenz der Wirbelschicht 11 wird durch diese Eindüsung nicht bzw nur wenig beeinflußt.
Die Zugabe des Klärschlammes 3 erfolgt vorzugsweise von oben, aus einer Höhe, die gewährleistet, daß der Klärschlamm 3 während des Herunterfallens durch die heißen Rauchgase 4 in die Wirbelschicht 11 noch getrocknet wird.
Klärschlamm-Eintragsmenge | ca. 10 t/h (40% Trockensubstanz) |
Rauchgasmenge | ca. 45000 Nm3/h (feucht), |
ca. 35000 Nm3/h (trocken) | |
Wirbelschichttemperatur | 750 - 850 °C |
Temp. im Freiraum | 900 - 1000 °C |
Temp. in der Nachreaktionszone | 860 - 900 °C |
Wirbelgasmenge (Primärluft) | ca. 20000 Nm3/h |
NOx-Konzentration im Freiraum | ca. 3000 mg/Nm3 |
CO-Konzentration | ca. 0,5 Vol-% |
Wassergehalt im Rauchgas | ca. 30 Vol.-% |
Fläche des Anströmbodens | 16,6 m2 |
Wirbelschichtofen-Durchmesser | 5,65 m |
Wirbelschichtofen-Höhe | 10,6 m |
Claims (3)
- Verfahren zum Betrieb von Verbrennungsöfen (1) für Klärschlamm (3), bei dem in einer ersten Verbrennungsstufe der Klärschlamm (3) in einer Brennzone (2) des Ofens (1) verbrannt wird und die entstehenden Rauchgase (12) über einen Freiraum (4), der sich über der Brennzone (2) befindet, abgezogen und in einer zweiten Verbrennungsstufe nachverbrannt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rauchgase (12) in dem Freiraum (4) durch Eindüsen eines Inertgases in eine turbulente Bewegung versetzt werden, ohne daß dadurch die Turbulenz in der Brennzone (2) wesentlich erhöht wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Wasserdampf oder Stickstoff oder ein Edelgas eingedüst wird.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verbrennungsofen (1) ein Wirbelschichtofen ist, in dessen Brennzone (2) sich eine Wirbelschicht (11) befindet.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19619764 | 1996-05-17 | ||
DE19619764A DE19619764C2 (de) | 1996-05-17 | 1996-05-17 | Verfahren zur Minimierung des NO¶x¶-Gehaltes in Rauchgasen |
PCT/EP1997/002389 WO1997044620A1 (de) | 1996-05-17 | 1997-05-09 | VERFAHREN ZUR MINIMIERUNG DES NOx-GEHALTES IN RAUCHGASEN |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0898688A1 EP0898688A1 (de) | 1999-03-03 |
EP0898688B1 true EP0898688B1 (de) | 2000-09-06 |
Family
ID=7794483
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97923043A Expired - Lifetime EP0898688B1 (de) | 1996-05-17 | 1997-05-09 | VERFAHREN ZUR MINIMIERUNG DES NOx-GEHALTES IN RAUCHGASEN |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0898688B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2000510942A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20000011104A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1136412C (de) |
AR (1) | AR007146A1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE196192T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2895497A (de) |
CO (1) | CO4700569A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19619764C2 (de) |
ID (1) | ID17426A (de) |
IL (1) | IL127051A0 (de) |
TW (1) | TW345610B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997044620A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA974260B (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6280694B1 (en) * | 1999-10-20 | 2001-08-28 | Studsvik, Inc. | Single stage denitration |
DE10021448A1 (de) | 2000-05-03 | 2001-11-08 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung für die Verbrennung von organischem Reststoff |
DE10051733B4 (de) | 2000-10-18 | 2005-08-04 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur gestuften Verbrennung von Brennstoffen |
BR112013011849B1 (pt) * | 2010-11-12 | 2020-10-20 | Cabot Corporation | método e aparelho para reduzir as emissões de nox na incineração de gás residual |
CN102788355B (zh) * | 2012-08-23 | 2015-03-25 | 武汉都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | 湍流式危险废物热解焚烧炉 |
CN107448953A (zh) * | 2017-09-16 | 2017-12-08 | 张文瀚 | 一种固废处理装置 |
FI128444B (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2020-05-15 | Valmet Technologies Oy | Method and apparatus for burning primary fuel |
CN110793043B (zh) * | 2019-11-20 | 2021-03-12 | 上海华谊新材料有限公司 | 用于焚烧高盐有机废水的系统和废水处理方法 |
CN112432183B (zh) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-12-14 | 清华大学 | 垃圾焚烧耦合锅炉系统 |
CN112696697B (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-03-08 | 清华大学 | 一种实验室有机废液就地实时处理系统 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3464955D1 (en) * | 1984-08-28 | 1987-08-27 | Tno | Fluidised bed combustion apparatus |
DE3745179C2 (de) | 1987-02-06 | 2002-07-25 | Infraserv Gmbh & Co Hoechst Kg | Verfahren zum Betreiben von Wirbelschichtöfen |
EP0411133B1 (de) * | 1988-10-20 | 1994-08-24 | Ebara Corporation | Verbrennungsverfahren und regelungsverfahren dazu |
DE3839381A1 (de) * | 1988-11-22 | 1990-01-04 | Mrklas Louis | Vertikal rotierende wirbelschichtverbrennung fuer klinikmuell, klaerschlamm, pastoesen, staubigen, fluessigen und granulatfoermigen abfallstoff |
DE4016894A1 (de) * | 1990-05-25 | 1991-12-05 | Hoelter Heinz | Wirbelschichtfeuerungstechnologie mit verdraenger und/oder verwirbler im freiraum |
EP0487052B1 (de) * | 1990-11-22 | 1997-02-12 | Hitachi Zosen Corporation | Abfallverbrennungsanlage |
SE9100122D0 (sv) * | 1991-01-15 | 1991-01-15 | Abb Carbon Ab | Anordning vid foerbraenning i fluidiserad baedd |
TW235335B (de) * | 1991-11-05 | 1994-12-01 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd |
-
1996
- 1996-05-17 DE DE19619764A patent/DE19619764C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-05-09 EP EP97923043A patent/EP0898688B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-09 WO PCT/EP1997/002389 patent/WO1997044620A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-09 IL IL12705197A patent/IL127051A0/xx unknown
- 1997-05-09 KR KR1019980709263A patent/KR20000011104A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-09 CN CNB971954070A patent/CN1136412C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-09 AU AU28954/97A patent/AU2895497A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-05-09 JP JP09541465A patent/JP2000510942A/ja active Pending
- 1997-05-09 DE DE59702318T patent/DE59702318D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-09 AT AT97923043T patent/ATE196192T1/de active
- 1997-05-15 ID IDP971625A patent/ID17426A/id unknown
- 1997-05-15 TW TW086106489A patent/TW345610B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-15 AR ARP970102039A patent/AR007146A1/es unknown
- 1997-05-16 CO CO97026575A patent/CO4700569A1/es unknown
- 1997-05-16 ZA ZA9704260A patent/ZA974260B/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1997044620A1 (de) | 1997-11-27 |
TW345610B (en) | 1998-11-21 |
CO4700569A1 (es) | 1998-12-29 |
JP2000510942A (ja) | 2000-08-22 |
IL127051A0 (en) | 1999-09-22 |
KR20000011104A (ko) | 2000-02-25 |
ID17426A (id) | 1997-11-20 |
EP0898688A1 (de) | 1999-03-03 |
DE19619764A1 (de) | 1997-11-20 |
AR007146A1 (es) | 1999-10-13 |
CN1136412C (zh) | 2004-01-28 |
ATE196192T1 (de) | 2000-09-15 |
AU2895497A (en) | 1997-12-09 |
CN1221483A (zh) | 1999-06-30 |
DE19619764C2 (de) | 2003-12-18 |
DE59702318D1 (de) | 2000-10-12 |
ZA974260B (en) | 1997-11-17 |
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