EP0898118A2 - Method and device for controlling a burner, especially a full premix gas burner - Google Patents

Method and device for controlling a burner, especially a full premix gas burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0898118A2
EP0898118A2 EP98114284A EP98114284A EP0898118A2 EP 0898118 A2 EP0898118 A2 EP 0898118A2 EP 98114284 A EP98114284 A EP 98114284A EP 98114284 A EP98114284 A EP 98114284A EP 0898118 A2 EP0898118 A2 EP 0898118A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
temperature
fuel
flame
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP98114284A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0898118A3 (en
Inventor
Klaus Danner
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP0898118A2 publication Critical patent/EP0898118A2/en
Publication of EP0898118A3 publication Critical patent/EP0898118A3/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/10Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermocouples
    • F23N5/102Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermocouples using electronic means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D2208/00Control devices associated with burners
    • F23D2208/10Sensing devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00012Liquid or gas fuel burners with flames spread over a flat surface, either premix or non-premix type, e.g. "Flächenbrenner"
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00Measuring
    • F23N2225/08Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/16Measuring temperature burner temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00Measuring
    • F23N2225/26Measuring humidity
    • F23N2225/30Measuring humidity measuring lambda
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/12Fuel valves
    • F23N2235/16Fuel valves variable flow or proportional valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method for controlling a Burner, especially a fully premixed gas burner according to the genus of the main claim, as well as from a Device for performing the method.
  • a flame temperature sensor to control or adapt the Fuel gas-air mixture with changing Operating conditions such as gas type change, air pressure or Temperature changes or the like, used.
  • This air ratio control over an alternative Use of lambda probes in the Angasweg is that all help to determine the energy balance in the flame area and therefore jointly responsible for the formation of pollutants Parameters of the combustion components potentially recorded can be.
  • the control method according to the invention with the features of The main claim has the advantage that all if necessary during the operation of the gas burner occurring changes in the state variables pressure, temperature and fuel and air humidity and changes the gas type and the fuel-air ratio, can be detected quickly and easily.
  • the State variables influence the Flame propagation rate, which together with the outflow speed of the fuel-air mixture Stabilizing height of the flame above the outlet opening determine. Due to the arrangement of the Temperature sensor within one in one Flamefoot zone positive Temperature gradient profiles can already be small Changes in the position of the flame and thus changes in the fuel gas / air mixture be detected safely.
  • the main reaction zone becomes all in the operation of the burner the aforementioned influences are continuously taken into account and by Adjustment of the fuel-air ratio balanced.
  • the method of distance stabilization in contrast to Method with a lambda probe also insensitive against secondary air access in and downstream of the combustion chamber , it is also suitable for use in devices with open combustion chamber and at atmospheric or fan-assisted operation of a burner.
  • the distance of the main reaction zone from the outflow opening can advantageously directly by a thermal sensor or indirectly via a Transmitter element, whose radiation spectrum is optical is evaluated, recorded.
  • one is in the Temperature sensitive or flame foot zone provided heat-conducting sensor element, its heating and temperature from the distance of the main reaction zone from the Exit opening is dependent. If this distance is one stipulated stability level above or below, there is also a corresponding temperature deviation of the Sensor element from a predetermined setpoint, which the Signal for controlling the combustion process, especially for the adjustment of the fuel-air ratio forms.
  • the temperature field in the flame area of a fully premixed Surface burner with a variety of closely related Single flame (flame carpet) is by a strong Temperature gradients in the flow direction at quasi Isothermal temperature profile across the flow direction featured. Therefore, the sensor element is proposed transverse to the flow direction of the fuel gas-air mixture or to be arranged to the outlet openings. This will make the Shaft of the sensor element heated in the same way as the temperature-sensing tip of the sensor element, so that the Signal distortion due to heat dissipation via the shaft of the sensor element is prevented. That’s it Sensor element capable of sensitive temperature changes due to changes in the position of the flames and as suitable signal for controlling the combustion process to provide.
  • the process of stabilizing the situation of the Main reaction zone can also be used to control the fuel-air mixture be used for power modulation, if one takes advantage of the fact that the Outflow speed depends on the respective Burner load.
  • a characteristic curve with one of the sensor signal the load or the outflow speed of the Fuel-air mixture dependent characteristic to take as a basis. It will be during the operation of the Burner measured by the temperature sensor Temperature values with those saved in the characteristic Reference values compared and in case of deviations by a corresponding signal e.g. the fan speed for the Air supply or the gas valve opening corrected and so the fuel-air ratio adjusted.
  • control procedure to operate with different Air numbers can be adjusted by using e.g. experimentally determined characteristic field the desired Characteristic is selected.
  • thermocouple is used as the sensor whose diameter is approximately one millimeter. Consequently ensures that the diameter of the thermocouple is not greater than the extent of the flame foot zone.
  • Figure 1 shows the Temperature curve in a stoichiometric methane flame (taken from combustion and firing, Springer-Verlag 1974)
  • Figures 2 to 4 show an arrangement for Stabilization of the distance of the main reaction zone with a temperature sensitive sensor element in three different positions of the flame stabilization zone and a corresponding representation of the temperature profiles.
  • a fully premixed gas burner has a burner plate 10, those with outlet openings 12 for a fuel-air mixture is provided.
  • the modulating gas burner is like this designed to be stable under any load condition Main reaction zone downstream of the outlet openings 12 forms, the main reaction zone being the area between Start of combustion and maximum temperature is defined.
  • the flame feet 14 of the burner flames 16 take one distance h hereinafter referred to as the stabilization height to the burner plate 10 which, apart from the load state of the Gas burner also on the air ratio and the state variables depends on the combustion components.
  • a sensor Temperature sensor 18 arranged with a control unit 20th is connected and with its tip in the area of Flame base 14 protrudes.
  • the temperature sensor 18 generates in accordance with its heating by the flame base 14 Voltage signal that is stored in the control unit with a previously determined experimentally or mathematically Reference value is compared.
  • the values change in the course the operation of the gas burner e.g. by changing the Gas state (pressure, temperature, humidity) from each other, a signal corresponding to the difference value from Control unit 20 to a control valve 22 not one shown gas valve of the gas burner and the Corrected valve opening cross-section so that in each Load state the stabilization height on one of the the specified air ratio value is maintained.
  • a change in the load condition of the gas burner taken into account that the voltage signal of Temperature sensor 18 one stored in the control unit 20 load-dependent characteristic curve is used.
  • the main reaction zone is exemplified in FIG Temperature curve of a stoichiometric methane flame in the Area between the at the outlet opening of the fuel gas-air mixture lying temperature minimum and at the end in the main reaction zone Flame shown. Results within this flame foot zone a steep positive temperature gradient curve, which means even slight changes in the flame position can be detected safely.
  • the temperature sensor 18 is transverse to the outlet openings 12 of the fuel gas-air mixture arranged because of the flames a fully premixed gas burner next to a steep one Temperature gradient course an isothermal temperature profile have transverse to the flow direction. Due to this installation position the shaft of the temperature sensor 18 in the same way heated, like the temperature-sensing probe tip, so that a signal corruption due to heat dissipation via the Shaft of the temperature sensor 18 is prevented. in the In the present exemplary embodiment, the temperature sensor protrudes 18 with its tip about 5-10 mm into the flames.
  • the distance of the temperature sensor 18 above the outlet opening 12 is selected to be the same size as the stabilization height h 1 , which is assigned to an average load state. If the flames assume the desired position in this load state, the heating of the temperature sensor 18 is just so great that no signal is emitted from the control unit 20 to the control valve 22 of the gas fitting to correct the gas supply.
  • the flames 16 move away from the burner plate 10 and thus from the temperature sensor 18 to the stabilizing height h 2 according to FIG.
  • the temperature sensor 18 is heated to a lesser extent and the fuel-air ratio is corrected in the desired manner via a signal emitted by the control unit, which corresponds to the deviation from the reference value from the characteristic curve.
  • the excess air falls below the predetermined value, the distance between the flames and the burner plate 10 decreases to the stabilizing height h 3 , as shown in FIG. 4, whereby they come into more intensive contact with the temperature sensor 18.
  • This is heated to a greater extent and the fuel-air ratio is corrected in the desired manner via a signal emitted by the control unit, which corresponds to the deviation from the reference value from the characteristic curve.

Abstract

The procedure has a main reaction zone of the supplied fuel-air mixture developing itself by flame formation downstream from outlet openings of the burner. A sensor is located above the burner plate which determines the temperature in the flame region and whose signal influences the combustion process. The distance of the sensor (18) from the burner plate (10) is dimensioned so that the combustion temperatures in the whole output range of the burner are determined inside a positive temperature gradient variation developing in a flame foot zone. The measured combustion temperatures are compared with set point values and the resultant deviations form the signal for the control of the combustion process, especially for the matching of the fuel-air ratio.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Verfahren zum Regeln eines Brenners, insbesondere eines vollvormischenden Gasbrenners nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs, sowie von einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. Bei einem aus der DE 37 16 641 A1 bekannten Verfahren dieser Gattung wird ein Flammentemperaturfühler zur Regelung bzw. Anpassung des Brenngas-Luftgemisches bei sich ändernden Betriebsbedingungen wie Gasartenwechsel, Luftdruck- oder Temperaturänderungen oder dergleichen, eingesetzt. Der Vorteil dieser Luftzahlregelung gegenüber einem alternativen Einsatz von Lambda- Sonden im Angasweg besteht darin, daß alle den Energiehaushalt im Flammenbereich mitbestimmenden und daher für die Schadstoffbildung mitverantwortlichen Parameter der Verbrennungskomponenten potentiell erfaßt werden können.The invention is based on a method for controlling a Burner, especially a fully premixed gas burner according to the genus of the main claim, as well as from a Device for performing the method. With one out the method of this type known from DE 37 16 641 A1 a flame temperature sensor to control or adapt the Fuel gas-air mixture with changing Operating conditions such as gas type change, air pressure or Temperature changes or the like, used. Of the Advantage of this air ratio control over an alternative Use of lambda probes in the Angasweg is that all help to determine the energy balance in the flame area and therefore jointly responsible for the formation of pollutants Parameters of the combustion components potentially recorded can be.

Weiterhin ist aus der DE 39 18 855 A1 bekannt, den Temperaturfühler so zu positionieren, daß die Temperatur im wesentlichen an den Flammenspitzen erfaßt wird. Dabei wird über eine absolute Flammentemperaturerfassung z.B. die Änderung der Gasqualität erfaßt und die voreingestellte Luftzahl nachgeregelt. Untersuchungen haben jedoch gezeigt, daß eine Auswertung der Temperatursignale bei einer derartigen Anordnung nur bedingt möglich sind.Furthermore, it is known from DE 39 18 855 A1 Position the temperature sensor so that the temperature in the essentially at the tips of the flames. Doing so via an absolute flame temperature detection e.g. the Change in gas quality is recorded and the preset Air ratio adjusted. However, studies have shown that an evaluation of the temperature signals at a such an arrangement are only possible to a limited extent.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Regelverfahren mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß alle während des Betriebes des Gasbrenners gegebenenfalls auftretenden Änderungen der Zustandsgrößen Druck, Temperatur und Feuchte des Brennstoffs und der Luft sowie Änderungen der Gasart und des Brennstoff- Luftverhältnisses sicher, schnell und auf einfache Art und Weise erfaßt werden. Die Zustandsgrößen beeinflussen die Flammenfortpflanzungsgeschwindigkeit, welche zusammen mit der Ausströmgeschwindigkeit des Brennstoff-Luftgemisches die Stabilisierungshöhe der Flamme über der Austrittsöffnung bestimmen. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung des Temperatursensors innerhalb eines sich in einer Flammenfußzone ausbildenden positiven Temperaturgradientenverlaufs können bereits kleine Lageänderungen der Flamme und damit Änderungen im Brenngas-Luftgemisch sicher detektiert werden.The control method according to the invention with the features of The main claim has the advantage that all if necessary during the operation of the gas burner occurring changes in the state variables pressure, temperature and fuel and air humidity and changes the gas type and the fuel-air ratio, can be detected quickly and easily. The State variables influence the Flame propagation rate, which together with the outflow speed of the fuel-air mixture Stabilizing height of the flame above the outlet opening determine. Due to the arrangement of the Temperature sensor within one in one Flamefoot zone positive Temperature gradient profiles can already be small Changes in the position of the flame and thus changes in the fuel gas / air mixture be detected safely.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Stabilisierung der Lage der Hauptreaktionszone werden im Betrieb des Brenners alle vorhergenannten Einflüsse laufend berücksichtigt und durch Anpassung des Brennstoff-Luftverhältnisses ausgeglichen.By stabilizing the position of the invention The main reaction zone becomes all in the operation of the burner the aforementioned influences are continuously taken into account and by Adjustment of the fuel-air ratio balanced.

Da das Verfahren der Abstandsstabilisierung im Gegensatz zum Verfahren mit einer Lambda-Sonde auch unempfindlich gegenüber Nebenluftzutritt in und stromab der Brennkammer ist, eignet es sich auch für den Einsatz in Geräten mit offener Brennkammer und bei atmosphärischem oder gebläseunterstütztem Betrieb eines Brenners. Since the method of distance stabilization in contrast to Method with a lambda probe also insensitive against secondary air access in and downstream of the combustion chamber , it is also suitable for use in devices with open combustion chamber and at atmospheric or fan-assisted operation of a burner.

Der Abstand der Hauptreaktionszone von der Ausströmöffnung kann dabei in vorteilhafter Weise direkt durch einen thermischen Sensor oder indirekt über ein Transmitterelement, dessen Strahlungsspektrum optisch ausgewertet wird, erfaßt werden.The distance of the main reaction zone from the outflow opening can advantageously directly by a thermal sensor or indirectly via a Transmitter element, whose radiation spectrum is optical is evaluated, recorded.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Merkmale sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des Regelverfahrens und der Anordnung nach den Hauptansprüchen möglich.By the features listed in the subclaims advantageous developments of the control method and Arrangement possible according to the main claims.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführung ist ein in die Flammenfußzone hineinreichendes temperaturempfindliches oder wärmeleitendes Sensorelement vorgesehen, dessen Beheizung und Temperatur vom Abstand der Hauptreaktionszone von der Austrittsöffnung abhängig ist. Wenn dieser Abstand eine vorgegebene Stabilitätshöhe über- oder unterschreitet, ergibt sich auch eine entsprechende Temperaturabweichung des Sensorelements von einem vorgegebenen Sollwert, die das Signal für die Steuerung des Verbrennungsprozesses, insbesondere für die Anpassung des Brennstoff-Luftverhältnisses bildet.In a preferred embodiment, one is in the Temperature sensitive or flame foot zone provided heat-conducting sensor element, its heating and temperature from the distance of the main reaction zone from the Exit opening is dependent. If this distance is one stipulated stability level above or below, there is also a corresponding temperature deviation of the Sensor element from a predetermined setpoint, which the Signal for controlling the combustion process, especially for the adjustment of the fuel-air ratio forms.

Das Temperaturfeld im Flammenbereich eines vollvormischenden Flächenbrenners mit einer Vielzahl von eng zusammenliegenden Einzelflammen (Flammenteppich) ist durch einen starken Temperaturgradienten in Strömungsrichtung bei quasi isothermen Temperaturprofil quer zur Strömungsrichtung gekennzeichnet. Daher wird vorgeschlagen, das Sensorelement quer zur Strömungsrichtung des Brenngas-Luftgemisches bzw. zu den Austrittsöffnungen anzuordnen. Dadurch wird der Schaft des Sensorelements in gleicher Weise beheizt, wie die temperaturerfassende Spitze des Sensorelements, so daß die Signalverfälschung durch eine Wärmeableitung über den Schaft des Sensorelements verhindert wird. Damit ist das Sensorelement in der Lage, feinfühlig Temperaturänderungen aufgrund von Lageänderungen der Flammen zu erfassen und als geeignetes Signal für die Regelung des Verbrennungsprozesses bereitzustellen.The temperature field in the flame area of a fully premixed Surface burner with a variety of closely related Single flame (flame carpet) is by a strong Temperature gradients in the flow direction at quasi Isothermal temperature profile across the flow direction featured. Therefore, the sensor element is proposed transverse to the flow direction of the fuel gas-air mixture or to be arranged to the outlet openings. This will make the Shaft of the sensor element heated in the same way as the temperature-sensing tip of the sensor element, so that the Signal distortion due to heat dissipation via the shaft of the sensor element is prevented. That’s it Sensor element capable of sensitive temperature changes due to changes in the position of the flames and as suitable signal for controlling the combustion process to provide.

Das Verfahren zur Stabilisierung der Lage der Hauptreaktionszone kann auch zur Steuerung des Brennstoff-Luftgemisches bei Leistungsmodulation eingesetzt werden, wenn man sich dabei den Umstand zunutze macht, daß die Ausströmgeschwindigkeit abhängig von der jeweiligen Belastung des Brenners ist. Zu diesem Zweck wird vorgeschlagen, dem Sensorsignal eine Kennlinie mit einer von der Belastung bzw. der Ausströmgeschwindigkeit des Brennstoff-Luftgemisches abhängigen Charakteristik zugrundezulegen. Dabei werden während des Betrieb des Brenners die durch den Temperaturfühler gemessenen Temperaturwerte mit den in der Kennlinie gespeicherten Referenzwerten verglichen und bei Abweichungen durch ein entsprechendes Signal z.B. die Gebläsedrehzahl für die Luftzufuhr oder die Gasventilöffnung korrigiert und damit das Brennstoff-Luftverhältnis angepaßt.The process of stabilizing the situation of the Main reaction zone can also be used to control the fuel-air mixture be used for power modulation, if one takes advantage of the fact that the Outflow speed depends on the respective Burner load. For this purpose proposed a characteristic curve with one of the sensor signal the load or the outflow speed of the Fuel-air mixture dependent characteristic to take as a basis. It will be during the operation of the Burner measured by the temperature sensor Temperature values with those saved in the characteristic Reference values compared and in case of deviations by a corresponding signal e.g. the fan speed for the Air supply or the gas valve opening corrected and so the fuel-air ratio adjusted.

Da es unter Umständen wünschenswert ist, für verschiedene Brennertypen unterschiedliche Luftzahlen λ zu verwenden, kann das Regelverfahren an den Betrieb mit unterschiedlichen Luftzahlen angepaßt werden, indem aus einem vorher z.B. experimentell bestimmten Kennlinienfeld die gewünschte Kennlinie vorgewählt wird.Because it may be desirable for different To use different burner types λ, can the control procedure to operate with different Air numbers can be adjusted by using e.g. experimentally determined characteristic field the desired Characteristic is selected.

Eine bei der Überwachung von Gasflammen bewährte Ausführung ergibt sich, wenn als Sensor ein Thermoelement verwendet wird, dessen Durchmesser ca. ein Millimeter beträgt. Somit ist sichergestellt, daß der Durchmesser des Thermoelementes nicht größer ist, als die Ausdehnung der Flammenfußzone.A tried and tested version for monitoring gas flames results if a thermocouple is used as the sensor whose diameter is approximately one millimeter. Consequently ensures that the diameter of the thermocouple is not greater than the extent of the flame foot zone.

Bei entsprechend kleinen Abmessungen des Sensorelementes ist aufgrund der schnellen Abkühlung bei Wegfall der Flamme auch die Funktion einer konventionellen Flammenüberwachung mit Sicherheitsabschaltung der Brennstoffzufuhr möglich.With correspondingly small dimensions of the sensor element due to the rapid cooling when the flame is gone the function of a conventional flame monitor Safety shutdown of the fuel supply possible.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Figur 1 zeigt den Temperaturverlauf in einer stöchiometrischen Methanflamme (entnommen aus Verbrennung und Feuerungen, Springer- Verlag 1974), Figuren 2 bis 4 zeigen eine Anordnung zur Stabilisierung des Abstandes der Hauptreaktionszone mit einem temperaturempfindlichen Sensorelement in drei unterschiedlichen Positionen der Flammenstabilisierungszone sowie eine entsprechende Darstellung der Temperaturverläufe.An embodiment of the invention is in the drawing represented schematically and in the following Description explained in more detail. Figure 1 shows the Temperature curve in a stoichiometric methane flame (taken from combustion and firing, Springer-Verlag 1974), Figures 2 to 4 show an arrangement for Stabilization of the distance of the main reaction zone with a temperature sensitive sensor element in three different positions of the flame stabilization zone and a corresponding representation of the temperature profiles.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

Ein vollvormischender Gasbrenner hat eine Brennerplatte 10, die mit Austrittsöffnungen 12 für ein Brennstoff-Luftgemisch versehen ist. Der modulierend arbeitende Gasbrenner ist so ausgelegt, daß sich bei jedem Lastzustand eine stabile Hauptreaktionszone stromab der Austrittsöffnungen 12 ausbildet, wobei als Hauptreaktionszone der Bereich zwischen Verbrennungsbeginn und Temperaturmaximum definiert ist. Dabei nehmen die Flammenfüsse 14 der Brennerflammen 16 einen nachfolgend als Stabilisierungshöhe bezeichneten Abstand h zur Brennerplatte 10 ein, der außer vom Lastzustand des Gasbrenners auch von der Luftzahl und von den Zustandsgrößen der Verbrennungskomponenten abhängt.A fully premixed gas burner has a burner plate 10, those with outlet openings 12 for a fuel-air mixture is provided. The modulating gas burner is like this designed to be stable under any load condition Main reaction zone downstream of the outlet openings 12 forms, the main reaction zone being the area between Start of combustion and maximum temperature is defined. The flame feet 14 of the burner flames 16 take one distance h hereinafter referred to as the stabilization height to the burner plate 10 which, apart from the load state of the Gas burner also on the air ratio and the state variables depends on the combustion components.

Über einer Austrittsöffnung 12 ist als Sensor ein Temperaturfühler 18 angeordnet, der mit einem Steuergerät 20 verbunden ist und mit seiner Spitze in den Bereich des Flammenfusses 14 hineinragt. Der Temperaturfühler 18 erzeugt nach Maßgabe seiner Beheizung durch den Flammenfuß 14 ein Spannungssignal, das mit einem im Steuergerät abgelegten, vorher experimentell oder rechnerisch ermittelten Referenzwert verglichen wird. Weichen die Werte im Verlauf des Betriebs des Gasbrenners z.B. durch Änderungen des Gaszustandes (Druck, Temperatur, Feuchte) voneinander ab, wird ein dem Differenzwert entsprechendes Signal vom Steuergerät 20 an ein Regelventil 22 einer nicht dargestellten Gasarmatur des Gasbrenners abgegeben und der Ventilöffnungsquerschnitt so korrigiert, daß in jedem Lastzustand die Stabilisierungshöhe auf einem der vorgegebenen Luftzahl entsprechenden Wert gehalten wird. Einer Änderung des Lastzustandes des Gasbrenners wird dadurch Rechnung getragen, daß dem Spannungssignal des Temperaturfühlers 18 eine im Steuergerät 20 abgelegte lastabhängige Kennlinie zugrundegelegt wird.Above an outlet opening 12 is a sensor Temperature sensor 18 arranged with a control unit 20th is connected and with its tip in the area of Flame base 14 protrudes. The temperature sensor 18 generates in accordance with its heating by the flame base 14 Voltage signal that is stored in the control unit with a previously determined experimentally or mathematically Reference value is compared. The values change in the course the operation of the gas burner e.g. by changing the Gas state (pressure, temperature, humidity) from each other, a signal corresponding to the difference value from Control unit 20 to a control valve 22 not one shown gas valve of the gas burner and the Corrected valve opening cross-section so that in each Load state the stabilization height on one of the the specified air ratio value is maintained. A change in the load condition of the gas burner taken into account that the voltage signal of Temperature sensor 18 one stored in the control unit 20 load-dependent characteristic curve is used.

Zur Verdeutlichung der Erfassung der Position der Hauptreaktionszone ist in der Figur 1 exemplarisch der Temperaturverlauf einer stöchiometrischen Methanflamme im Bereich zwischen dem an der Austrittsöffnung des Brenngas-Luftgemisches liegenden Temperaturminimum und dem am Ende der Hauptreaktionszone liegenden Temperaturmaximum der Flamme aufgezeigt. Innerhalb dieser Flammenfußzone ergibt sich eine steiler positiver Temperaturgradientenverlauf, wodurch schon geringe Veränderungen der Flammenposition sicher erfaßt werden können.To clarify the recording of the position of the The main reaction zone is exemplified in FIG Temperature curve of a stoichiometric methane flame in the Area between the at the outlet opening of the fuel gas-air mixture lying temperature minimum and at the end in the main reaction zone Flame shown. Results within this flame foot zone a steep positive temperature gradient curve, which means even slight changes in the flame position can be detected safely.

Der Temperaturfühler 18 ist quer zu den Austrittsöffnungen 12 des Brenngas-Luftgemisches angeordnet, da die Flammen eines vollvormischenden Gasbrenners neben einem steilen Temperaturgradientenverlauf ein isothermes Temperaturprofil quer zur Strömungsrichtung aufweisen. Durch diese Einbaulage wird der Schaft des Temperaturfühlers 18 in gleicher Weise beheizt, wie die temperaturerfassende Fühlerspitze, so daß eine Signalverfälschung durch eine Wärmeableitung über den Schaft des Temperaturfühlers 18 verhindert wird. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ragt der Temperaturfühler 18 mit seiner Spitze ca. 5-10 mm in die Flammen hinein.The temperature sensor 18 is transverse to the outlet openings 12 of the fuel gas-air mixture arranged because of the flames a fully premixed gas burner next to a steep one Temperature gradient course an isothermal temperature profile have transverse to the flow direction. Due to this installation position the shaft of the temperature sensor 18 in the same way heated, like the temperature-sensing probe tip, so that a signal corruption due to heat dissipation via the Shaft of the temperature sensor 18 is prevented. in the In the present exemplary embodiment, the temperature sensor protrudes 18 with its tip about 5-10 mm into the flames.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel (Fig. 2) ist der Abstand des Temperaturfühlers 18 über der Austrittsöffnung 12 gleich groß wie die Stabilisierungshöhe h1 gewählt, die einem mittleren Lastzustand zugeordnet ist. Wenn in diesem Lastzustand die Flammen die Sollposition einnehmen, ist die Erwärmung des Temperaturfühlers 18 gerade so groß, daß kein Signal vom Steuergerät 20 an das Regelventil 22 der Gasarmatur zur Korrektur der Gaszufuhr abgegeben wird.In the exemplary embodiment (FIG. 2), the distance of the temperature sensor 18 above the outlet opening 12 is selected to be the same size as the stabilization height h 1 , which is assigned to an average load state. If the flames assume the desired position in this load state, the heating of the temperature sensor 18 is just so great that no signal is emitted from the control unit 20 to the control valve 22 of the gas fitting to correct the gas supply.

Sobald und solange der Luftüberschuß im Brennstoff-Luftgemisch den vorgegebenen Wert überschreitet, rücken gemäß Figur 3 die Flammen 16 von der Brennerplatte 10 und damit vom Temperaturfühler 18 bis zur Stabilisierungshöhe h2 ab. Dadurch wird der Temperaturfühler 18 weniger stark erwärmt und über ein vom Steuergerät abgegebenes Signal, das der Abweichung vom Referenzwert aus der Kennlinie entspricht, das Brennstoff-Luftverhältnis im gewünschten Sinne korrigiert. Wenn dagegen der Luftüberschuß den vorgegebenen Wert unterschreitet, verringert sich gemäß Figur 4 der Abstand der Flammen zur Brennerplatte 10 auf die Stabilisierungshöhe h3, wobei sie in eine intensivere Berührung mit dem Temperaturfühler 18 kommen. Dabei wird dieser stärker erwärmt und über ein vom Steuergerät abgegebenes Signal, das der Abweichung vom Referenzwert aus der Kennlinie entspricht, das Brennstoff-Luftverhältnis im gewünschten Sinne korrigiert.As soon as and as long as the excess air in the fuel-air mixture exceeds the predetermined value, the flames 16 move away from the burner plate 10 and thus from the temperature sensor 18 to the stabilizing height h 2 according to FIG. As a result, the temperature sensor 18 is heated to a lesser extent and the fuel-air ratio is corrected in the desired manner via a signal emitted by the control unit, which corresponds to the deviation from the reference value from the characteristic curve. If, on the other hand, the excess air falls below the predetermined value, the distance between the flames and the burner plate 10 decreases to the stabilizing height h 3 , as shown in FIG. 4, whereby they come into more intensive contact with the temperature sensor 18. This is heated to a greater extent and the fuel-air ratio is corrected in the desired manner via a signal emitted by the control unit, which corresponds to the deviation from the reference value from the characteristic curve.

Die neben den Figuren 2 bis 4 dargestellten Temperaturverläufe mit der Position der Flammentemperaturerfassung durch den Temperaturfühler 18 verdeutlichen, daß bei allen drei exemplarisch dargestellten Zuständen die Flammentemperaturen innerhalb des steilen positiven Temperaturgradientenverlaufs in der Flammenfußzone erfaßt werden.The shown next to Figures 2 to 4 Temperature curves with the position of the Flame temperature detection by the temperature sensor 18 clarify that all three are shown as examples Conditions the flame temperatures within the steep positive temperature gradient in the flame base zone be recorded.

Claims (8)

Verfahren zum Regeln eines Brenners, insbesondere eines vollvormischenden Gasbrenners, bei welchem sich eine Hauptreaktionszone des zugeführten Brennstoff-Luftgemisches unter Flammenbildung stromab von Austrittsöffnungen des Gasbrenners ausbildet, mit einem oberhalb einer Brennerplatte angeordneten Sensor, der die Temperatur im Flammenbereich erfaßt und dessen Signal den Verbrennungsprozeß beeinflußt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstand des Sensors (18) von der Brennerplatte (10) so bemessen wird, daß die Verbrennungstemperaturen im gesamten Leistungsbereich des Brenners innerhalb eines sich in einer Flammenfußzone ausbildenden positiven Temperaturgradientenverlaufs erfaßt werden.Method for regulating a burner, in particular one fully premixed gas burner, in which a Main reaction zone of the fuel-air mixture supplied with flame formation downstream of the outlet openings of the Gas burner trains, with one above one Burner plate arranged sensor that the temperature in the Flame area detected and its signal the Influenced combustion process, characterized in that the distance of the sensor (18) from the burner plate (10) so is dimensioned that the combustion temperatures in the whole Power range of the burner within one in one Flamefoot zone positive Temperature gradient curve can be detected. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gemessenen Verbrennungstemperaturen mit Temperatursollwerten verglichen werden und die sich gfs. ergebenden Abweichungen das Signal für die Steuerung des Verbrennungsprozesses, insbesondere für die Anpassung des Brennstoff-Luftverhältnisses bilden.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the measured combustion temperatures with Temperature setpoints are compared and the gfs. resulting deviations the signal for the control of the Combustion process, especially for the adaptation of the Form fuel-air ratio. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Sensorsignal eine Kennlinie mit einer von der Belastung bzw. der Ausströmgeschwindigkeit des Brennstoff-Luftgemisches abhängigen Charakteristik zugrundegelegt wird. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the sensor signal has a characteristic with one of the Load or the outflow speed of the fuel-air mixture dependent characteristic is used. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kennlinie aus einem Kennlinienfeld vorgewählt wird, wobei sich die unterschiedlichen Kennlinien für verschiedene Brennstoff-Luftverhältnisse (Luftzahlen λ) und/oder verschiedene Brennertypen ergeben.A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the characteristic is preselected from a characteristic field, where the different characteristics for different Fuel-air ratios (air numbers λ) and / or result in different types of burners. Brenner, insbesondere vollvormischender Gasbrenner, mit einer mit Austrittsöffnungen für ein Brennstoff-Luftgemisch versehenen Brennerplatte und mit einem oberhalb einer Brennerplatte (10) angeordneten Sensorelement, das die Verbrennungstemperatur erfaßt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das eine Ende des Sensorelementes (18) oberhalb einer Austrittsöffnung (12) der Brennerplatte (10) im Bereich eines sich in einer Flammenfußzone ausbildenden positiven Temperaturgradientenverlaufs angeordnet ist.Burner, especially fully premixed gas burner, with one with outlet openings for a fuel-air mixture provided burner plate and with one above one Burner plate (10) arranged sensor element that the Combustion temperature detected, characterized in that one end of the sensor element (18) above one Outlet opening (12) of the burner plate (10) in the area a positive developing in a flame foot zone Temperature gradient curve is arranged. Brenner nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Sensorelement (18) quer zu den Austrittsöffnungen der Brennerplatte (10) angeordnet ist.Burner according to claim 5, characterized in that the Sensor element (18) transverse to the outlet openings of the Burner plate (10) is arranged. Brenner nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Temperaturfühler (18) als Thermoelement ausgebildet ist.Burner according to claim 6, characterized in that the Temperature sensor (18) is designed as a thermocouple. Brenner nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Durchmesser des Thermoelements (18) ca. 1 mm beträgt.Burner according to claim 7, characterized in that the Diameter of the thermocouple (18) is approximately 1 mm.
EP98114284A 1997-08-09 1998-07-30 Method and device for controlling a burner, especially a full premix gas burner Ceased EP0898118A3 (en)

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DE19734574B4 (en) 2006-06-14
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