Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
  • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
  • C14C9/00—Impregnating leather for preserving, waterproofing, making resistant to heat or similar purposes
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/73—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof
  • D06M11/74—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof with carbon or graphite; with carbides; with graphitic acids or their salts
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
  • D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
  • D06N3/0063—Inorganic compounding ingredients, e.g. metals, carbon fibres, Na2CO3, metal layers; Post-treatment with inorganic compounds

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of activated carbon and / or carbon molecular sieves to improve fogging behavior of fabrics, leathers and fiber composites that at least one polymeric binder based on at least one aqueous polymer dispersion of ethylenically unsaturated monomers contain.
• fogging or window fogging is used in automotive engineering known for 25 years. It stands for the internal fogging of Windshields, especially windshields due to volatile Substances from the interior materials such as leather, Imitation leather, foils, textile fabrics, car carpets and other fiber composites that contain polymeric binders, e.g. B. Wheel arch covers.
• Exterior materials such as leather, Imitation leather, foils, textile fabrics, car carpets and other fiber composites that contain polymeric binders, e.g. B. Wheel arch covers.
• polymeric binders e.g. B. Wheel arch covers.
• fogging is undesirable, on the one hand for aesthetic reasons Reasons and also for security reasons, because the Visibility even with the slightest fogging deposits, especially in the dark, are dramatically restricted. So far the efforts of the industry went, suitable substances to find, which are characterized by a low fogging potential (see e.g. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th ed. On CD-ROM, Plasticizers 4.2.7). This effort was so far only a moderate success, because on the one hand the various aids with regard to their fogging behavior influence in various and unpredictable ways. On the other hand, there are the automotive interior materials due to the temperature peaks caused by solar radiation often exposed to extreme loads, so that degradation products form, which also contribute to fogging.
• DE-A 30 23 023 basically discloses activated carbon for Use odor reduction of polymer dispersions.
• the polymeric binder contain on the basis of aqueous polymer dispersions, e.g. B. fabrics, leathers, synthetic leather and fiber composites, can improve if one looks at the polymeric binders Activated carbon there.
• aqueous polymer dispersions e.g. B. fabrics, leathers, synthetic leather and fiber composites
• the present invention relates to the use of activated carbon and / or carbon molecular sieves to improve the Fogging behavior of fabrics, leathers, synthetic leather and fiber composite materials, the at least one polymeric binder on the Basis of at least one aqueous polymer dispersion ethylenically contain unsaturated monomers.
• the activated carbon used according to the invention generally has a specific surface area in the range from 500 to 2,500 m 2 / g, preferably in the range from 800 to 1,800 m 2 / g and in particular in the range from 1,000 to 1,500 m 2 / g ( Langmuir surface according to DIN 66131).
• Activated carbon with a high content of micropores (pore diameter 2 2 nm; see also Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, 5 ed, Vol. AS, p. 126) is preferred.
• the pore volume of the activated carbon used is preferably in the range from 0.2 to 1.4 ml / g, in particular 0.4 to 0.8 ml / g. Of these, the micropores take up 0.2 to 1.4 ml / g, preferably 0.2 to 0.5 ml / g and in particular 0.3 to 0.4 ml / g.
• Suitable activated carbons are commercially available.
• Suitable activated carbons include both coarse granules Grain sizes> 500 ⁇ m, for example in the range from 0.5 to 5 mm also finely divided activated carbon powder with particle size ⁇ 500 ⁇ m. Prefers become activated carbon powder, especially those with particle size ⁇ 200 ⁇ m and very particularly preferably ⁇ 120 ⁇ m.
• carbon molecular sieves can also be used be used.
• Carbon molecular sieves are z. B. from Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th ed. Vol. B3, pp. 9-10 known and commercially available.
• the activated carbons and / or carbon molecular sieves in an amount of 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.2 up to 20 wt .-%, in particular 0.5 to 15 wt .-% and particularly preferred 1 to 10 wt .-%, based on the polymeric components of the emulsion polymer used.
• the activated carbon to be used according to the invention is generally in the aqueous polymer dispersion incorporated before this as polymeric binder or vehicle interior finish clothing is used. However, it is also possible to use activated carbon, or the carbon molecular sieves only during manufacture of the vehicle interior linings. Prefers However, the activated carbon is in the aqueous polymer dispersion incorporated before processing. This is done according to the usual Processes used for adding powdery solids known to liquid systems such as polymer dispersions are, for example by means of a dissolver. The addition of the activated carbon usually takes place at room temperature, but it can can also be carried out at elevated temperatures.
• a primary dispersion d. H. a polymer disper sion
• the method of radical, aqueous suspension or emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers was obtained immediately.
• Act secondary dispersion d. H. one by radical solution polymerization polymer obtained from ethylenically unsaturated monomers, that afterwards in an aqueous polymer dispersion was transferred.
• the polymers are essentially composed of C 4 -C 8 -dienes such as butadiene, chloroprene, isoprene, vinylaromatic compounds such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, ⁇ -butylstyrene, vinyltoluenes, vinylchlorobenzenes, esters of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid with C.
• C 4 -C 8 -dienes such as butadiene, chloroprene, isoprene, vinylaromatic compounds such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, ⁇ -butylstyrene, vinyltoluenes, vinylchlorobenzenes, esters of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid with C.
• 1 -C 10 alkanols, C 5 -C 10 cycloalkanols or C 6 -C 20 aryl alcohols such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, n -Butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, tert-butyl (meth) acrylate, n-hexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate and decyl (meth) acrylate, as well as vinyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids such as vinyl acetate , Vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate and vinyl versatates (vinyl esters of branched carboxylic acids which are commercially available as Shell's Versatic® acids), olefins such as ethylene, propen
• Particularly important monomers are butadiene, styrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl chloride, vinylidine chloride, n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethylene, propene, acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, which are used alone or preferably in mixtures with one another.
• Typical monomer mixtures are butadiene / styrene, butadiene / styrene / acrylonitrile, styrene / acrylonitrile, styrene / n-butyl acrylate and optionally 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, vinyl acetate / ethylene, vinyl acetate / vinyl propionate / ethylene, vinyl acetate / vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate / vinyl chloride / ethylene, methyl methacrylate n-butyl acrylate and optionally 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate / acrylonitrile / n-butyl acrylate and optionally 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
• the polymers also contain modifying agents Polymerized monomers.
• the aforementioned monomers are preferably in Quantities ⁇ 20% by weight, based on the monomers to be polymerized, used.
• the modifying monomers also include those monomers which usually polymerize on their own to give homopolymers, which have increased water solubility.
• Such monomers are usually in amounts of 0.5 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 10 wt .-%, based on the total amount to be polymerized Monomers used.
• Modifying monomers are also crosslinking or crosslinkable monomers. These are monomers which contain at least one epoxy, hydroxy, N-alkylol or a carbonyl group. Examples include the N-hydroxyalkyl and N-alkylolamides of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylamide and N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, the hydroxyalkyl esters of said ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, e.g. B.
• hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl and hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate furthermore the ethylenically unsaturated glycidyl ether and ester, e.g. B. vinyl, allyl and methallyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl acrylate and methacrylate, the diacetonylamides of the above ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, eg. B. diacetonyl (meth) acrylamide, and the esters of acetoacetic acid with the above-mentioned hydroxyalkyl esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, for. B.
• the ethylenically unsaturated glycidyl ether and ester e.g. B. vinyl, allyl and methallyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl acrylate and methacrylate
• Acetylacetoxyethyl (meth) acrylate Furthermore, compounds can be used which have two non-conjugated, ethylenically unsaturated bonds, for. B. the diesters of dihydric alcohols with monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 10 monocarboxylic acids.
• alkylene glycol diacrylates and dimethacrylates such as ethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate, 1,4-butylene glycol diacrylate, propylene glycol diacrylate, divinylbenzene, vinyl methacrylate, vinyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, diallyl amyl acrylate, diallyl amyl acrylate, diallyl acrylate, dlylyl acrylate, acrylate, N, N'Divinylimidazolin-2-one or triallyl cyanurate.
• These are copolymerized in a minor amount, usually up to 10% by weight, preferably up to 5% by weight and in particular up to 1% by weight, based on the total amount of the monomers to be polymerized.
• the polymers can be prepared according to the usual Polymerization processes are prepared, e.g. B. by radical Bulk, emulsion, suspension, dispersion, precipitation and solution polymerization. It may then be necessary by known methods, the available polymers to convert into aqueous polymer dispersions. With the above Polymerization process is preferred under exclusion worked by oxygen, preferably in a stream of nitrogen.
• the usual equipment is used for all polymerization processes used, e.g. B. stirred tanks, stirred tank cascades, autoclaves, Tube reactors and kneaders.
• the polymers are preferred by free radical aqueous Made emulsion polymerization. Procedures for this are the Basically known to a person skilled in the art.
• the polymerization usually takes place in the presence of radical-forming compounds (initiators).
• initiators are used in amounts of 0.01 up to 5% by weight and particularly preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight used on the monomers to be polymerized.
• Suitable polymerization initiators are, for example, peroxides, Hydroperoxides, peroxodisulfates, percarbonates, peroxoesters, Hydrogen peroxide and azo compounds.
• initiators which can be water-soluble or water-insoluble, are hydrogen peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, dicyclohexyl peroxidicarbonate, Dilauroyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, Acetylacetone peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, Cumene hydroperoxide, tert. Butyl perneodecanoate, tert.
• the initiators can be used alone or as a mixture with one another applied, e.g. Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and Sodium peroxydisulfate.
• water-soluble initiators are preferably used.
• regulators can be used for this, such as, for example, compounds containing organic SH groups, such as 2-mercaptoethanol, 2-mercaptopropanol, mercaptoacetic acid, tert-butyl mercaptan, n-octyl mercaptan, n-dodecyl mercaptan and tert-dodecyl mercaptan, C 1 -C 4- Aldehydes, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, hydroxylammonium salts such as hydroxylammonium sulfate, formic acid, sodium bisulfite or isopropanol.
• the polymerization regulators are generally used in amounts of 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the monomers.
• emulsifiers or Protective colloids There are anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric emulsifiers. Common anionic emulsifiers are, for example, the salts, especially the sodium salts of alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, (di) alkyldiphenyl ether disulfonates (e.g.
• Dowfax® 2A1 from Dow Chemical of sulfonated fatty acids, Sulfosuccinates, fatty alcohol sulfates, alkylphenol sulfates and of fatty alcohol ether sulfates and also the salts of Semi-sulfuric acid ethoxylated alkanols and ethoxylated Alkylphenols.
• nonionic emulsifiers are Alkylphenol ethoxylates, primary alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, Alkanolamide ethoxylates, fatty amine ethoxylates, EO / PO block copolymers and alkyl polyglucosides can be used.
• Amino alkoxylates alkyl betaines, Alkylamidobetaines and / or sulfobetaines can be used.
• Typical protective colloids are, for example, cellulose derivatives, Polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, copolymers from Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, Polyvinyl ether, starch and starch derivatives, dextran, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyridine, polyethyleneimine, polyvinylimidazole, Polyvinyl succinimide, polyvinyl 2-methyl succinimide, Polyvinyl-1,3-oxazolidone-2, polyvinyl-2-methylimidazoline and Copolymers containing maleic acid or maleic anhydride, such as are described in DE 2 501 123.
• the emulsifiers or protective colloids are usually in Concentrations of 0.05 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10 % By weight based on the monomers.
• the radical polymerization can be presented in the overall approach (Batch process). Preferably, however, worked in particular on an industrial scale according to the feed process.
• the radical Initiator system can both be completely in the polymerization vessel submitted, as well as according to its consumption in the course of radical aqueous emulsion polymerization continuously or gradually the polymerization reaction be fed.
• the preparation of the polymer dispersion can in the presence of a previously prepared aqueous Polymer dispersion carried out as polymer seed (seed latex) become.
• seed latex a previously prepared aqueous Polymer dispersion carried out as polymer seed
• the seed latex used usually has a weight average Particle diameter in the range from 10 to 300 nm on.
• the polymers obtainable in this way generally have one Particle diameter in the range of 50 to 1000 nm.
• the polymerization temperature is in the range from 0 to 130 ° C and the polymerization pressure in the range of 0.5 to 20 bar lie.
• the polymer dispersions usually used have solids contents of up to 80% by weight. Of special Polymer dispersions with solids contents are important in the range of 40 to 70 wt .-%, depending on the desired application also to lower solids contents, for example by dilution with water or with a water-miscible organic Solvent can be adjusted.
• the polymer dispersions used are also used often for the removal of volatile, odor-forming substances designed like odorless residual monomers.
• Appropriate measures are, for example, stripping volatile compounds using steam or conventional distillation processes (see e.g. EP-A 584 458 and EP-A 327 006).
• As a deodorization measure chemical deodorization is also an option. Below this is one that follows the main polymerization To understand the polymerization stage. These procedures are the same Expert z. B. from DE-A 3834734, EP-A 379 892, EP-A 327 006 known.
• the polymer dispersions equipped with the activated carbon can in a known manner for the manufacture or treatment of Equipment, such as those used in automotive engineering, e.g. B. fabrics, leathers, synthetic leather or fiber composite materials, e.g. Car carpets, the back layer with a polymer dispersion solidified, are used.
• Equipment such as those used in automotive engineering, e.g. B. fabrics, leathers, synthetic leather or fiber composite materials, e.g. Car carpets, the back layer with a polymer dispersion solidified, are used.
• Equipment such as those used in automotive engineering, e.g. B. fabrics, leathers, synthetic leather or fiber composite materials, e.g. Car carpets, the back layer with a polymer dispersion solidified.
• the below Use of the polymer dispersions according to the invention Products are characterized by a particularly cheap Fogging behavior.
• a preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to thermoplastically deformable fiber composite materials, in particular fiber or needle-punched nonwovens, which have been consolidated with an aqueous polymer dispersion of a thermoplastic polymer containing activated carbon.
• Such fiber composite materials are widely used in automobile construction, for example as thermoplastic deformable interior lining materials.
• Polymer dispersions which comprise at least one polymer P1 with a glass transition temperature T g (1) of at least 60 ° C. and at least one further polymer P2 with a glass transition temperature T g (2) are preferred for this embodiment of the present invention, where T g ( 2) is at least 20 K, preferably at least 40 K and in particular 60 to 150 K below T g (1).
• T g (1) is in particular above 80 ° C.
• the glass transition temperature T g means the limit value of the glass transition temperature which, according to G. Kaniks (Kolloid-Zeitschrift + Zeitschrift für Polymer, vol. 190, p. 1, equation 1), strives with increasing molecular weight; it is determined using the DSC method (DSC, mid-point temperature, ASTM D3418-82).
• the weight ratio of the polymers P1: P2 preferably 20:80 to 80:20, in particular 40:60 to 75:25 and very particularly preferably 50:50 to 70:30.
• the polymer P1 is generally essentially composed of at least one monomer A, selected from styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl methacrylates, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and mixtures of the monomers mentioned.
• the monomers A generally make up 70 to 100% by weight and in particular 90 to 100% by weight of the monomers constituting the polymer P1, the proportion of acrylonitrile, based on the total amount of the monomers, generally below 50% by weight .-% and particularly preferably below 30 wt .-%.
• the polymer can also contain, in copolymerized form, monomers B selected from C 1 -C 10 -alkyl acrylates, the vinyl esters of aliphatic C 1 -C 10 -carboxylic acids, C 2 -C 6 -olefins and butadiene.
• monomers B selected from C 1 -C 10 -alkyl acrylates, the vinyl esters of aliphatic C 1 -C 10 -carboxylic acids, C 2 -C 6 -olefins and butadiene.
• the proportion of the monomers B in the monomers constituting the polymer P1 will preferably be below 30% by weight. Polymers P1 which contain no monomers B are particularly preferred.
• the polymer P1 in copolymerized form can also contain the above-mentioned modifying monomers in the amounts specified therein.
• Preferred modifying monomers of this embodiment are the above-mentioned ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, in particular acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and itaconic acid, their amides, in particular acrylamide and methacrylamide, their N-alkylolamides, in particular N-methylol (meth) acrylamide and their hydroxyalkyl esters, in particular 2-hydroxyethyl ( meth) acrylate.
• Monomers C of this type are preferably used in amounts of 0.1 to 10% by weight and in particular 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers which form the polymer P1.
• the polymer P2 is essentially composed of monomers B and subordinate Measure of monomers A and optionally monomers C. built up.
• the polymer P2 is preferably from 10 to 70% by weight. and in particular 20 to 60 wt .-%, based on the total amount of the monomers forming the polymer P2, monomers A and 30 to 90% by weight, preferably 40 to 80% by weight, of monomers B.
• the proportion of the monomers C in the monomers forming the polymer P2 is preferably in the range from 0.1 to 10% by weight and in particular 0.5 to 5% by weight.
• the polymer P1 is very particularly preferably from 50 to 99.5 % By weight of styrene and / or ⁇ -methylstyrene, 0 to 49.5% by weight of acrylonitrile and 0.5 to 5% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids built up.
• the polymer P2 is then usually from 20 to 70% by weight of butadiene and 30 to 80% by weight of styrene, which, if appropriate up to 50 wt .-% can be replaced by acrylonitrile, and 0.5 to 5 wt .-% acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and / or itaconic acid and optionally up to 2% by weight of acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide and / or N-methylol methacrylamide.
• the styrene / butadiene monomer combination can also be a monomer combination Styrene / n-butyl acrylate and / or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate or a monomer combination of methyl methacrylate / n-butyl acrylate and / or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate can be used.
• the polymers P1 and the polymers P2 are preferably produced by radical, aqueous emulsion polymerization in the way described above.
• the polymers P1 and P2 can be separated be produced or together by stepwise emulsion polymerization.
• the monomer mixture is preferably used first, which leads to polymer P1, polymerized and then the monomer mixture from which P2 is constructed.
• core / shell polymers are obtained.
• the polymer P1 forms the core of the polymer particles and that Polymer P2 the shell. This can be done easily realize that you first make P1 and then P2 polymerizing constituent monomers. Manufacturing process
• Such polymers are for example from DE-A 3200072, US-A 3,454,516, EP-A 184 091, EP-A 492 405 and GB 975 421 known.
• the fiber composite materials are manufactured by solidification the fibers with the aid of the polymer dispersions according to the invention using known methods (e.g. Ullmann's encyclopedia der technical chemistry, 4th ed., vol. 23, 1983, pp. 738-742).
• the polymer dispersions in addition to the activated carbon Additives suitable for the respective purpose fillers such as clays or chalk.
• Act the fiber composites are those already mentioned thermoformable needle punch nonwovens for the automotive industry, one starts from needle felt, which consists of the usual fibers, e.g.
• Polypropylene, polyamide, polyester fibers according to the usual procedures (Römpp, chemistry lexicon, Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart-New York, 9th ed., P. 4550 and literature cited there) were manufactured.
• These needled fleeces are impregnated by bath, Foam impregnation, spraying, flapping or printing impregnated with the polymer dispersions. This can be done using the dispersion possibly diluted with water or with common thickeners be thickened to the desired processing viscosity adjust.
• the fleece treatment with the dispersion closes drying and tempering of the product obtained in general Fiber composite.
• the drying conditions depend on the Type of dryer used, usually the drying temperature is between 80 and 160 ° C, especially in the range of 110 to 130 ° C.
• Suitable dryers are, for example, circulating air or Fresh air drying cabinets or drum dryers. Often done the use of infrared heaters for preheating.
• the fiber composite materials available in this way show the usual ones Conditions with little or no tendency to fogging, as they do e.g. B. can be determined by DIN 75201. Even with thermal The tendency to fogging is significantly lower when exposed to temperatures above 90 ° C than in the case of non-inventive fiber composite materials without activated carbon.
• the mechanical properties of activated carbon Fiber composite materials correspond to those of fiber composite materials, that were produced without the use of activated carbon.
• the polymer dispersion was prepared by the process semi-continuous radical emulsion polymerization.
• the template was heated to 70 ° C and polymerized for 30 minutes. Then the remaining feed 1 was 4.5 hours. and at the same time starting with inlet 1, the remaining inlet 2 added over 5 hours. This was followed by 0.5 hours at 70 ° C post-polymerized. After that, the dispersion became a physical Subject to deodorization.
• the solids content of the obtained Dispersion was 50% by weight (dispersion A).
• Dispersion A Analogous to dispersion A, a polystyrene emulsion polymer was used manufactured. Inlet 2 and template had the dispersion A indicated Composition on. In the feed 1, butadiene was passed through Replaces styrene (total 15.6 kg styrene) and on itaconic acid waived. Dispersion B had a solids content of about 50% by weight.
• Dispersion containing activated carbon Dispersion containing activated carbon:
• the nonwovens to be consolidated are commercially available non-consolidated polyester / polypropylene needled nonwovens with a polyester / polypropylene ratio of 80/20 (PES80 / PP20 nonwoven), each with a basis weight of 200 g / m 2 (from Emfisint, Spain).
• the needle fleece was impregnated with the dispersions from C and D. (120 g 50% dispersion per 100 g nonwoven). Subsequently was 20 minutes at 120 ° C in a fresh air drying cabinet dried.
• the fogging values FR averaged over 5 individual values
• their standard deviation sFR below the fogging value FR is that with a commercially available reflectometer understand the measured relative gloss of a glass surface, which was exposed to a gas space in which this solidified Needle fleece was compared to the gloss value of an untreated Glass plate. The glass plate was used to create the fogging Exposed to the gas space for 3 h at 100 ° C. An FR value of 100% means that the gloss of the treated glass plate is the same the gloss of the untreated glass plate. Correspond to FR values ⁇ 100% reduced gloss due to fogging.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
• Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
• Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

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• 1997
  • 1997-08-19 DE DE1997135960 patent/DE19735960A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1998
  • 1998-08-18 EP EP98115547A patent/EP0898010A3/fr not_active Withdrawn

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