EP0890711A2 - Panzerung für ein metallisches Triebwerksbauteil und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung - Google Patents
Panzerung für ein metallisches Triebwerksbauteil und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0890711A2 EP0890711A2 EP98112634A EP98112634A EP0890711A2 EP 0890711 A2 EP0890711 A2 EP 0890711A2 EP 98112634 A EP98112634 A EP 98112634A EP 98112634 A EP98112634 A EP 98112634A EP 0890711 A2 EP0890711 A2 EP 0890711A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- armor
- tips
- component
- armor according
- profiling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/16—Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
- F01D11/12—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part
- F01D11/122—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part with erodable or abradable material
- F01D11/125—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part with erodable or abradable material with a reinforcing structure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
- Y10T428/24364—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.] with transparent or protective coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/24521—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness with component conforming to contour of nonplanar surface
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/24521—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness with component conforming to contour of nonplanar surface
- Y10T428/24537—Parallel ribs and/or grooves
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/2457—Parallel ribs and/or grooves
Definitions
- the invention relates to armor for a metallic engine component, the the surface of which is provided, when rubbed into an intake covering second component incorporated, a ceramic layer and with tips and Intermediate clearances for discharging abrasion material is profiled, as well a process for their manufacture.
- Armorings or rub-on coatings are used on engine components, e.g. Sealing tips of labyrinth seals or blade tips, provided to their To counteract processing during brushing operations. Because the efficiency of a Compressor or a turbine to a large extent on the gap size between the rotating and the standing component, it decreases with increasing Processing, e.g. B. the blade tips, by rubbing.
- the armor generally works in the running-in of an intake second component.
- Such run-in coverings can be rubbed off and usually consist of one Corrosion and erosion resistant layer. Will the strength and hardness of the run-in pads increases to increase erosion and temperature resistance, increases Processing of the engine components in addition, so that their armor is required.
- the armor ensures that there is a minimal gap during the brushing process is formed between the armor and the intake coating.
- Known armor plates include a ceramic layer that is on the surface of the Engine component is thermally sprayed.
- To develop a profile with Cuttable edges or tips and spaces in between for Discharge of abrasion material is one of a wire mesh during the spraying process existing shadow mask arranged on the component surface. The size and geometry The tip is determined by the position and type of the wire mesh and the spray jet angle varies.
- the invention is based on the problem of armor of the type described above Genus to create the most uniform coating and profiling having. Furthermore, a method is to be created with which such Armor can be easily and reliably manufactured.
- this is the solution to the problem relating to armor characterized in that the profiling by reshaping the surface of the component whose coating is formed.
- the surface is profiled by knurling.
- the Profiling is carried out with a knurling tool, which is in the surface to be armored Engine component is pressed.
- a knurling tool which is in the surface to be armored Engine component is pressed.
- the peaks or free spaces forming the profiling axially parallel i.e. parallel to an axis of rotation of the component or a moving part of the Component group, run.
- the peaks and free spaces forming the profile preferably run obliquely an above-defined (rotary) axis, with a left or Right knurl is used. Compared to an axially parallel knurling Advantage that the free spaces or depressions absorb the abrasion material and push out immediately.
- a first row is at an angle to the axis of rotation and parallel peaks and open spaces running towards each other with the same second row crosses. In this way, the relative movement between the respective Form profiling patterns adapted to components.
- the tips or the edges of which can be cut so that the armor easily fits into an intake coating can incorporate the second component.
- the cutting tips are aligned taking into account the relative movement between the engine component and the second component.
- the tips can be 0.5 mm thick / wide, although they are preferably flattened.
- flanks of the tips are asymmetrical to each other.
- a preferred (knurled) depth of the free spaces is 0.8 mm and is therefore above the depths achievable with known methods.
- the pitch t of the knurling is preferably 1.6 mm, with larger ones also Divisions have proven appropriate.
- the ceramic layer preferably has an approximately constant thickness above the entire surface of the component to be armored, since the profiling in the Base material itself formed.
- the armor is on an inner diameter of the Engine component, such as a so-called FIN component, i.e. a sealing washer for one Labyrinth seal, provided so that standardized knurling tools with a Allow knurling to be applied to their outside diameter.
- the armor can be without problems even on the outside diameters of engine components, e.g. Provide blade tips or sealing tips of a blade tip shroud.
- the solution relating to the method is through the steps characterized, a) reshaping the surface of the component to be armored for formation the profiling, and then b) coating the profiled component surface with a ceramic material.
- the profiling is preferably carried out by knurling, so that in a simple manner Profiling with a wide variety of shapes and geometries by pressing in standardized Knurling tools can be manufactured.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a top view of a running or sealing disk 1 for a labyrinth seal, the sealing tips of which are armored on an inner surface or peripheral surface 2 of an inner bore with a first exemplary embodiment of the armor according to the invention.
- the armor 3 comprises a profiling of flattened tips 4 and spaces 5 in between, and a ceramic layer 6, which is generally thermally sprayed onto the profiled component surface 2.
- Al 2 O 3 for example, is used as the corundum as the ceramic material for the coating 6.
- the surface 2 of the sealing washer 1 first with a profile that corresponds to the desired shape Knurling tool profiled by cold forming.
- the Knurling tool is the surface 2 of the sealing washer 1 or its Base material formed and compressed. Then the so profiled Surface 2 with the ceramic material to form a uniform Ceramic layer 6 coated.
- the tips 4 extend just like that Clearances 5 axially parallel, i.e. parallel to a perpendicular to the image plane (Rotary) axis.
- An armor 3 with such a profile is with a Knurling tool or knurl with parallel grooves and corresponding shape, Graduation t, etc., which is pressed into the surface 2 of the sealing washer 1 without removing material.
- FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the armor 3 according to the invention shown, which also has flattened tips 7.
- the tips 7 differ of the tips 4 of the embodiment of FIG. 1 by their asymmetrical shape.
- the flanks 8 of the tips 7 extend obliquely to a radially to the center M. the sealing washer 1 extending axis, which in certain applications Advantages when incorporating the armor 3 in a run-in coating of a second component and when removing the abrasion material.
- Such armor 3 is in turn by pressing a correspondingly shaped knurl into the surface 2 of the Sealing disc 1 is formed without material removal. Then the Ceramic layer 6 applied to the profiled surface 2, which the tips 7 and the free spaces 5 are evenly and completely covered.
- Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of the armor 3 according to the invention, the unlike the previous full-featured tips 9.
- the profiling from the Tips 9 and the intermediate spaces 5 is not axially parallel, but as Left and right knurling trained. Such profiling is done with a so-called Left-right knurl produced. Knurling could alternatively be used as a left or Knurled right.
- Such profiles or knurling compared to knurling parallel to the axis the advantage that the free spaces 5 are called Not only absorbing abrasion of a possibly existing run-in covering of a second component, but push it out directly.
- the division t which in most applications is greater than 1.6 mm, as well as the profile angle ⁇ , which has to be adapted to the respective application, designated.
- the profile angle ⁇ which has to be adapted to the respective application, designated.
- FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment, in which an inner Surface 2 of a running or sealing disk 1 for a labyrith seal Armor 3 with fully pronounced tips 10 is provided.
- the tips 10 extend axially parallel, i.e. parallel to an axis perpendicular to the image plane.
- the Tips 10 have a small radius R.
- Such tips 10 are with a Knurl made with axially parallel grooves, that in Fig. 5 as an example in three views is shown schematically.
- the knurling tool 11 shown in the left (side) view in FIG. 5 is used for Profiling an inner peripheral surface 2 of an engine component 1, e.g. of the Surface 2 of the inner bore of a sealing washer 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a so-called FIN component.
- the knurling tool 11 has fully pronounced tips 12 which correspond essentially to the tips 11 of the armor 3 from FIG. 4.
- the width b of the Knurling is applied to the desired width of the surface to be armored Engine component adapted depending on the application.
- the pitch t and the profile angle ⁇ of the knurling tool designated.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1 bis 4
- Draufsichten auf eine Lauf- bzw. Dichtungsscheibe für eine Labyrinthdichtung, an deren innerer Umfangsfläche jeweils ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Panzerung vorgesehen ist, wobei die Profilierung zur Verdeutlichung im Verhältnis zu den sonstigen Abmessungen der Dichtungsscheibe stark vergrößert dargestellt ist, und
- Fig. 5
- drei Ansichten eines Rändelwerkzeugs, das zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Panzerung einsetzbar ist.
Claims (18)
- Panzerung für ein metallisches Triebwerksbauteil, die an dessen Oberfläche vorzusehen ist, sich beim Anstreifen in einen Einlaufbelag einarbeitet, eine Keramikschicht umfaßt und mit Spitzen und dazwischenliegenden Freiräumen zum Austragen von Abriebmaterial profiliert ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Profilierung durch Umformen der Oberfläche (2) des Bauteils (1) vor deren Beschichtung ausgebildet ist.
- Panzerung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberfläche (2) durch Rändeln profiliert ist.
- Panzerung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die die Profilierung bildenden Spitzen (4, 7, 9, 10) bzw. Freiräume (5) achsparallel verlaufen.
- Panzerung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die die Profilierung bildenden Spitzen (4, 7, 9, 10) und Freiräume (5) schräg zu einer Drehachse des Bauteils (1) bzw. eines bewegten Bauteils der Bauteilgruppe verläuft.
- Panzerung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich ein erste Reihe schräg zur Drehachse und parallel zueinander verlaufender Spitzen (4, 7, 9, 10) und Freiräume (5) mit einer ebensolchen zweiten Reihe kreuzt.
- Panzerung nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spitzen (4, 7, 9, 10) bzw. deren Kanten schneidfähig sind.
- Panzerung nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Anprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spitzen (4, 7, 9, 10) 0,5 mm dick/breit sind.
- Panzerung nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spitzen (4, 7, 9, 10) abgeflacht sind.
- Panzerung nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flanken (8) der Spitzen (4, 7, 9, 10) asymmetrisch zueinander verlaufen.
- Panzerung nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Tiefe der Freiräume (5) 0,8 mm beträgt.
- Panzerung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 2 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Teilung (t) der Rändelung wenigstens 1,6 mm beträgt.
- Panzerung nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Keramikschicht (6) eine annähernd konstante Dicke/Stärke aufweist.
- Panzerung nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie an einem Innendurchmesser (2) des Triebwerksbauteils (1) vorgesehen ist.
- Panzerung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie an einem Außendurchmesser des Triebwerksbauteils (1) vorgesehen ist.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Panzerung für ein metallisches Triebwerksbauteil, die an dessen Oberfläche vorgesehen ist, sich beim Anstreifen in einen Einlaufbelag einarbeitet, eine Keramikschicht umfaßt und mit Spitzen und dazwischenliegenden Freiräumen zum Austragen von Abriebmaterial profiliert ist, gekennzeichnet durch die Schrittea) Umformen der zu panzernden Oberfläche (2) des Bauteils (1) zur Ausbildung der Profilierung (3), und anschließendb) Beschichten der profilierten Oberfläche (2) mit einem keramischen Material.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Profilierung (3) durch Rändeln erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 15 oder 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Beschichten durch thermisches Spritzen erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 14 bis 17, gekennzeichnet durch den weiteren Schrittc) Fertigdrehen des Bauteils (1).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19730008A DE19730008C1 (de) | 1997-07-12 | 1997-07-12 | Panzerung für ein metallisches Triebwerksbauteil und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| DE19730008 | 1997-07-12 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0890711A2 true EP0890711A2 (de) | 1999-01-13 |
| EP0890711A3 EP0890711A3 (de) | 2000-03-08 |
| EP0890711B1 EP0890711B1 (de) | 2006-03-22 |
Family
ID=7835577
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98112634A Revoked EP0890711B1 (de) | 1997-07-12 | 1998-07-08 | Panzerung für ein metallisches Triebwerksbauteil und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6177174B1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0890711B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE19730008C1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19933445C2 (de) * | 1999-07-16 | 2001-12-13 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Dichtring für nicht- hermetische Fluiddichtungen |
| DE10044592C1 (de) * | 2000-09-08 | 2002-02-21 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Verfahren zur Drehbearbeitung und zur Qualitätssicherung |
| US8061752B2 (en) * | 2005-10-06 | 2011-11-22 | High Impact Technology, L.L.C. | Mobile, armor spray-coating transform structure |
| US8087339B2 (en) * | 2007-07-24 | 2012-01-03 | Foster-Miller, Inc. | Armor system |
| FR2934340B1 (fr) * | 2008-07-23 | 2010-09-10 | Snecma | Procede pour augmenter le coefficient d'adherence entre deux pieces solidaires en rotation d'un rotor |
| DE102009051554A1 (de) * | 2009-10-31 | 2011-05-05 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines Einlaufbelags an einer Strömungsmaschine |
| US8936432B2 (en) | 2010-10-25 | 2015-01-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Low density abradable coating with fine porosity |
| US8770926B2 (en) | 2010-10-25 | 2014-07-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Rough dense ceramic sealing surface in turbomachines |
| US9169740B2 (en) | 2010-10-25 | 2015-10-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Friable ceramic rotor shaft abrasive coating |
| US8790078B2 (en) | 2010-10-25 | 2014-07-29 | United Technologies Corporation | Abrasive rotor shaft ceramic coating |
| US8770927B2 (en) | 2010-10-25 | 2014-07-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Abrasive cutter formed by thermal spray and post treatment |
| EP2458157B1 (de) * | 2010-11-30 | 2015-10-14 | Techspace Aero S.A. | Abriebdichtung eines Stator-Innenrings |
| FR3042553B1 (fr) * | 2015-10-16 | 2020-02-28 | Safran Helicopter Engines | Joint-labyrinthe d'etancheite a dents rugueuses |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1378009A (en) * | 1972-12-01 | 1974-12-18 | Rolls Royce Motors Ltd | Wear resistant surface |
| FR2339741A1 (fr) * | 1976-01-30 | 1977-08-26 | Snecma | Joint statorique abradable pour turbomachine axiale et son procede d'execution |
| DE3413534A1 (de) | 1984-04-10 | 1985-10-24 | MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union München GmbH, 8000 München | Gehaeuse einer stroemungsmaschine |
| US4652209A (en) * | 1985-09-13 | 1987-03-24 | Rockwell International Corporation | Knurled turbine tip seal |
| US4764089A (en) * | 1986-08-07 | 1988-08-16 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Abradable strain-tolerant ceramic coated turbine shroud |
| DE4228196C1 (de) * | 1992-08-25 | 1993-11-25 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung temperaturbeständiger Kunststoffschichten auf Spaltdichtungsflächen |
| DE4238369C2 (de) * | 1992-11-13 | 1996-09-26 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Bauteil aus einem metallischen Grundsubstrat mit keramischer Beschichtung |
| DE4415012A1 (de) * | 1994-04-29 | 1995-11-02 | Rueggeberg August Fa | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Rundfeilen |
| DE4432998C1 (de) * | 1994-09-16 | 1996-04-04 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Anstreifbelag für metallische Triebwerkskomponente und Herstellungsverfahren |
-
1997
- 1997-07-12 DE DE19730008A patent/DE19730008C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-07-08 EP EP98112634A patent/EP0890711B1/de not_active Revoked
- 1998-07-10 US US09/113,880 patent/US6177174B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0890711A3 (de) | 2000-03-08 |
| US6177174B1 (en) | 2001-01-23 |
| DE19730008C1 (de) | 1998-10-29 |
| EP0890711B1 (de) | 2006-03-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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