EP0888647A1 - Helix antenna with a built-in broadband power supply, and manufacturing methods therefor - Google Patents

Helix antenna with a built-in broadband power supply, and manufacturing methods therefor

Info

Publication number
EP0888647A1
EP0888647A1 EP97914394A EP97914394A EP0888647A1 EP 0888647 A1 EP0888647 A1 EP 0888647A1 EP 97914394 A EP97914394 A EP 97914394A EP 97914394 A EP97914394 A EP 97914394A EP 0888647 A1 EP0888647 A1 EP 0888647A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
hybrid
substrate
radiating strands
strands
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97914394A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0888647B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Blot
Ala Sharaiha
Jean-Marc Toureilles
Claude Terret
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Orange SA
Original Assignee
France Telecom SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by France Telecom SA filed Critical France Telecom SA
Publication of EP0888647A1 publication Critical patent/EP0888647A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0888647B1 publication Critical patent/EP0888647B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/19—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port of the junction type
    • H01P5/22—Hybrid ring junctions
    • H01P5/227—90° branch line couplers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/19—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port of the junction type
    • H01P5/22—Hybrid ring junctions
    • H01P5/222—180° rat race hybrid rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/08—Helical antennas

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of wide bandwidth antennas with a hemispherical or quasi-hemispherical radiation pattern. More specifically, the invention relates to resonant helical antennas, and in particular the supply of such antennas.
  • the antenna of the invention finds applications in particular in the context of mobile satellite communications between fixed users and mobiles of any type, for example aeronautical, maritime or land.
  • satellite communication systems are implemented, or are currently under development (for example the INMARSAT, INMARSAT-M, GLOBALSTAR systems, etc.).
  • PCS personal communication systems
  • the very different incidences of the signals received or transmitted require the antennas to have a radiation diagram with hemispherical coverage.
  • the polarization must be circular with an ellipticity ratio better than 5 dB in the useful band.
  • the invention can find applications in all systems requiring the use of a wide band, a hemispherical coverage diagram, circular polarization and a good ellipticity ratio.
  • the antennas must indeed have the above characteristics either in a very wide bandwidth, of the order of 10%, or in two neighboring sub-bands corresponding respectively to reception and to l 'program.
  • This antenna called the resonant quadrifilar helix antenna (HQR)
  • HQR resonant quadrifilar helix antenna
  • a quadrifilar antenna is formed by four radiating strands.
  • An exemplary embodiment is described in detail in the document "Analysis of quadrifilar resonant helical antenna for mobile communications", by A. Sharaiha and C. Terret (IEEE -
  • the radiating strands are printed on a thin dielectric substrate, then wound on a cylindrical support transparent from the radioelectric point of view.
  • the four strands of the propeller are open or short-circuited at one end and electrically connected at the other end with conductive segments arranged on the base of the lower part of the support cylinder.
  • the four strands of the propeller are therefore excited through these conductive segments.
  • This antenna conventionally requires a supply circuit, which ensures the excitation of the different antenna strands by signals of the same amplitude in phase quadrature. Several techniques are known for making such supply circuits.
  • This technique has the advantage of being relatively simple to carry out and to implement. On the other hand, it leads to a not insignificant size, compared to the size of the antenna (which can for example have a size of the order of ten centimeters). This drawback makes this solution incompatible with many applications, especially when maximum miniaturization is required.
  • each two-wire propeller can be powered by a coaxial balun of the so-called "balun” type folded ".
  • the two two-wire are then excited in phase quadrature using a hybrid coupler.
  • balun / adapter assembly used for this type of antenna (made for example from a coaxial section, the core and the sheath of which form a dipole) is complex and bulky.
  • this type of arrangement has the drawback of forming a sort of bandpass filter with a band which is still too narrow.
  • This technique eliminates hybrid couplers. On the other hand, it has the drawback of requiring a delicate adjustment of the length of the strands. In addition, the antenna is no longer symmetrical, and production will be more complex. Furthermore, this method remains specifically reserved for systems using a narrow operating band.
  • the invention particularly aims to overcome these various drawbacks of the state of the art.
  • an objective of the invention is to provide an antenna and its feed system (hereinafter, the term "antenna” includes the actual antenna and its feed system) which has a very wide band of operating frequency, for example greater than 10%.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such an antenna, which is of low cost, and easily industrially achievable.
  • the invention aims to provide such an antenna, which can be manufactured in a very small number of successive operations.
  • the invention also aims to provide such an antenna, which ensures an equiamplitude excitation of the four strands and a law in exact phase quadrature, and therefore a good quality of circular polarization.
  • a resonant helical antenna comprising at least one helix formed by at least two radiating strands printed on a substrate.
  • a broadband miniaturized supply structure for said radiating strands printed on said substrate comprising at least one hybrid coupler produced from semi-localized elements, so as to reduce the dimensions thereof.
  • the realization of the antenna strands and the supply of printed elements makes it possible to produce the antenna and its supply in a single operation, without specific connection means, and in a particularly reduced format.
  • hybrid couplers produced from semi-localized elements makes it possible to obtain the very broad band and the set of desired qualities, and in particular a small footprint, compared to systems based on the use of conventional lines.
  • the invention can be applied to all types of helical antenna.
  • said propeller is a quadrifilar propeller, formed by four radiating strands supplied by a supply structure comprising three hybrid couplers.
  • said supply structure comprises a first hybrid 180 ° coupler associating an input and / or output supply of said antenna with two outputs and / or intermediate inputs phase shifted by 180 °, and two 90 ° hybrid couplers each associating one of said intermediate outputs and / or inputs of said first hybrid coupler at one of the ends of two of said radiating strands.
  • said antenna is mounted on a support having first and second distinct parts having different permittivities, said first part carrying said radiating strands and said second part carrying said supply structure.
  • said first part carrying the antenna strands has a permittivity greater than 1.
  • An antenna as described above can be used alone, or in an antenna array.
  • the invention also relates to the manufacture of such antennas, which proves to be particularly simplified, compared to known techniques.
  • a resonant helical antenna the following stages are provided: printing on a flat substrate of at least two radiating strands, intended to form a helix, and of an independent broadband miniaturized power supply structure said radiating strands comprising at least one hybrid coupler produced from semi-localized elements, so as to reduce the dimensions thereof; winding said substrate around a cylindrical support.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a quadrifilar helix antenna with integrated feed according to the invention, developed flat;
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a quadrifilar helix antenna with integrated feed according to the invention, developed flat;
  • FIG. 2 shows the antenna of FIG. 1, wound cylindrical, so as to form an operational helix
  • - Figure 3 shows in more detail the feed structure of the antenna of Figures 1 and 2
  • Figure 4 illustrates the standing wave ratio (ROS) of a particular embodiment of the antenna of Figures 1 and 2
  • Figures 5 and 6 show radiation diagrams measured in right and left circular polarization of the same embodiment, respectively at frequencies 1.98 GHz and 2.2 GHz
  • FIG. 7 shows the gain measured in the direction of the maximum radiation of this same antenna, as a function of the frequency
  • FIGS. 8 A to 8C illustrate the design of a -3 dB 90 ° coupler according to the invention:
  • FIG. 8A conventional coupler made of distributed elements;
  • FIG. 8B corresponding representation using cells in ⁇ ;
  • FIG. 8A conventional coupler made of distributed elements
  • FIG. 8B corresponding representation using cells in ⁇
  • FIG. 8A conventional coupler made of distributed elements
  • FIG. 8B corresponding representation using cells in ⁇
  • FIG. 8C corresponding microstrip line coupler
  • Figures 9 A and 9B illustrate the design of a -3 dB 180 ° coupler: - Figure 9 A: representation of a 180 ° hybrid ring;
  • FIG. 9B corresponding microstrip line coupler.
  • the invention therefore relates to an antenna with an integrated broadband feed system, produced according to a simple manufacturing technique and having a low cost price. As indicated above, the invention can be applied to any type of helical antenna.
  • the preferred embodiment described above relates to a quadrifilar antenna.
  • the four strands of the antenna and a feed structure are printed on the same substrate.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the printed elements when the antenna is developed flat. It firstly comprises four radiating antenna strands 11] to 11 4 .
  • the antenna dimensions vary depending on the frequency band and the coverage required.
  • the dimensions of these strands can be as follows:
  • They are for example made of copper, on a thin dielectric substrate, such as kapton ( ⁇ r ⁇ 3.8).
  • the four strands 11] to II 4 are preferably open at their upper end 15 1 to 15 4 . They can also be short-circuited. However, the system of the invention is particularly suitable for the excitation of antennas with more open strands which, for equal performance, have smaller dimensions than the antennas with short-circuited strands.
  • the other end 16 1 to 4 strands I6 is connected to the lines of attack of the supply circuit.
  • the feed system is produced on the same substrate, in line with the antenna. It is made up of three hybrid couplers 12, 13 and 14 designed as semi-localized elements.
  • the first hybrid coupler 12 is connected on the one hand to the antenna signal input (respectively output) 17, and on the other hand to the two inputs (respectively outputs) 18 and 19 of the other two couplers 13 and 14. It is a 180 ° hybrid coupler.
  • the hybrid couplers 13 and 14 are two identical 90 ° couplers. They are connected on the one hand to the input 18 (respectively 19) and on the other hand to the end of the strands 16] and I6 2 (respectively I6 3 and I6 4 ). Thus, the four strands are fed in perfect phase quadrature, on a very broadband.
  • the assembly thus obtained is then wound on a cylindrical support, to obtain the operational antenna, shown in front view in FIG. 2.
  • the cylindrical support is a transparent support from the radioelectric point of view, that is to say having a permittivite close to 1.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates more precisely the structure for supplying semi-localized elements according to the invention, magnified substantially by a factor of 3 compared to reality. It comprises two types of printed lines: narrow lines, having an inductive characteristic; wider lines, having a capacitive characteristic.
  • the 90 ° couplers 13 and 14 each consist of 4 wide elements 31 d and 31 4 , connected 2 to 2 by 4 lines of small width 32 1 to 32 4 .
  • the 190 ° coupler comprises 6 wide elements 331 to 336 connected by 6 narrow lines 34j to 34 ⁇ .
  • Figures 8 A and 8C illustrate the design of a -3 dB 90 ° coupler. More information can be found, if necessary, in the thesis of M. Coupez, University of Western Brittany, "Study of phase-shifter structures potentially integrable at 900 MHz", May 1988.
  • FIG. 8 A presents a classic diagram of a -3 dB 90 ° coupler in distributed elements. It comprises two line sections 81, 82 of length ⁇ g / 4 and of characteristic impedance Zc, and two line sections 83, 84 of length ⁇ g / 4, and of impedance Zc ⁇ / 2. Each of these line sections can be replaced by ⁇ cells of localized elements, formed of capacitances C and inductances L and L ', as illustrated in FIG. 8B.
  • Such an antenna has in particular the following advantages: - the antenna is with open strands, therefore the impedance of each strand is easily adaptable to 50 ⁇ for an antenna having the desired properties (hemispherical coverage and weak reverse polarization); the feed structure using hybrids is broadband, and perfectly balanced: - in amplitude (identical for each strand); and in phase (0 °; ⁇ 90 °; ⁇ 180 °; ⁇ 270 °); the dimensions of the supply device are smaller than those of known systems (a gain of the order of 50% can be obtained). Indeed, we can easily see that each semi-localized element is very much smaller than the line it replaces (which is generally of a size multiple of ⁇ / 4); the antenna has strong strand-by-strand insulation. As an indication, we now present the measurement results obtained from a particular embodiment, intended for communications with equipment and proximity communications.
  • the dimensions of the assembly formed by the antenna and the integrated power supply are as follows:
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 relate to the radiation diagrams measured in right circular polarization (a) and in left circular polarization (b), respectively at the frequencies 1.98 GHz (FIG. 5) and 2.2 GHz (FIG. 6).
  • a right circular polarization
  • b left circular polarization
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 relate to the radiation diagrams measured in right circular polarization (a) and in left circular polarization (b), respectively at the frequencies 1.98 GHz (FIG. 5) and 2.2 GHz (FIG. 6).
  • Figure 7 shows the gain measured in the direction of maximum radiation as a function of frequency.
  • the antenna can be used in a very wide band (more than 12%) with good performance (gain, rejection of reverse polarization, omnidirectionality, ).
  • An antenna according to the invention can be produced in several ways. Thus, according to a first embodiment, it can be printed flat, as illustrated in Figure 1. It is then wound on a support to form the antenna ( Figure 2).
  • the substrate intended to receive the printed elements can be produced directly in its final cylindrical shape.
  • the printing of the strands and of the supply structure is carried out directly on the cylinder.
  • the antenna of the invention advantageously lends itself to the production of antenna arrays.

Landscapes

  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

A resonant helical antenna including at least one helix consisting of at least two radiating wires (111 to 114) printed on a substrate, a miniaturised broadband radiating wire power supply structure printed on said substrate, and at least one hybrid coupler made of semi-localised elements, in order to reduce the size thereof, is disclosed. In the case of a quadrifilar helix consisting of four radiating wires, the power supply structure includes three hybrid couplers, e.g. a first 180° hybrid coupler (12) connecting a power input and/or output (17) of said antenna to two intermediate outputs and/or inputs (18, 19) phase-shifted through 180°, and two 90° hybrid couplers (13, 14) each connecting one of said intermediate outputs and/or inputs of said first hybrid coupler to one end of two of said radiating wires. The corresponding manufacturing methods are also disclosed.

Description

Antenne hélice à alimentation large bande intégrée, et procédés de fabrication correspondants. Propeller antenna with integrated broadband power supply, and corresponding manufacturing methods.
Le domaine de l'invention est celui des antennes à large bande passante et à diagramme de rayonnement hémisphérique ou quasi-hémisphérique. Plus précisément, l'invention concerne les antennes hélicoïdales résonnantes, et en particulier l'alimentation de telles antennes.The field of the invention is that of wide bandwidth antennas with a hemispherical or quasi-hemispherical radiation pattern. More specifically, the invention relates to resonant helical antennas, and in particular the supply of such antennas.
L'antenne de l'invention trouve notamment des applications dans le cadre des communications mobiles par satellite entre utilisateurs fixes et des mobiles de tout type, par exemple aéronautiques, maritimes ou terrestres. Dans ce domaine, plusieurs systèmes de communication par satellite sont mis en oeuvre, ou sont actuellement en cours de développement (par exemple les systèmes INMARSAT, INMARSAT-M, GLOBALSTAR,...). Ces antennes présentent également un intérêt dans le déploiement des systèmes de communications personnelles (PCS) par satellites géostationnaires.The antenna of the invention finds applications in particular in the context of mobile satellite communications between fixed users and mobiles of any type, for example aeronautical, maritime or land. In this field, several satellite communication systems are implemented, or are currently under development (for example the INMARSAT, INMARSAT-M, GLOBALSTAR systems, etc.). These antennas are also of interest in the deployment of personal communication systems (PCS) by geostationary satellites.
Pour tous ces systèmes, qui prévoient des liaisons avec des satellites géostationnaires, les incidences très différentes des signaux reçus ou émis imposent aux antennes de posséder un diagramme de rayonnement à couverture hémisphérique. De plus la polarisation doit être circulaire avec un rapport d'ellipticité meilleur que 5 dB dans la bande utile.For all these systems, which provide for links with geostationary satellites, the very different incidences of the signals received or transmitted require the antennas to have a radiation diagram with hemispherical coverage. In addition, the polarization must be circular with an ellipticity ratio better than 5 dB in the useful band.
Plus généralement, l'invention peut trouver des applications dans tous les systèmes nécessitant l'emploi d'une large bande, un diagramme à couverture hémisphérique, une polarisation circulaire et un bon rapport d'ellipticité.More generally, the invention can find applications in all systems requiring the use of a wide band, a hemispherical coverage diagram, circular polarization and a good ellipticity ratio.
Dans les domaines d'application cités plus haut, les antennes doivent en effet présenter les caractéristiques précédentes soit dans une bande passante très large, de l'ordre de 10 %, soit dans deux sous-bandes voisines correspondant respectivement à la réception et à l'émission.In the fields of application mentioned above, the antennas must indeed have the above characteristics either in a very wide bandwidth, of the order of 10%, or in two neighboring sub-bands corresponding respectively to reception and to l 'program.
On connaît déjà, par le brevet FR-89 14952 au nom du même déposant, un type d'antenne particulièrement adapté à de telles applications.Already known, from patent FR-89 14952 in the name of the same applicant, a type of antenna particularly suitable for such applications.
Cette antenne, appelée antenne hélice quadrifilaire résonnante (HQR), possède des caractéristiques très proches des critères énoncés dans une bande de fréquence limitée en général à 5 % par des problèmes d'adaptation d'impédance. Un fonctionnement plus large bande est possible en utilisant des antennes HQR bicouche. Ces antennes sont formées par 1 '"emboîtement" concentriques de deux hélices quadrifilaires résonnantes coaxiales, couplées électromagnétiquement.This antenna, called the resonant quadrifilar helix antenna (HQR), has characteristics very close to the criteria set out in a frequency band generally limited to 5% by problems of impedance matching. Wider operation band is possible using two-layer HQR antennas. These antennas are formed by one "nesting" concentric of two coaxial resonant quadrifilar helices, electromagnetically coupled.
Une antenne quadrifilaire est formée de quatre brins rayonnants. Un exemple de réalisation est décrit en détail dans le document "Analysis of quadrifilar résonant helical antenna for mobile communications" (analyse de l'antenne hélice quadrifilaire résonnante pour les communications avec les mobiles), par A. Sharaiha et C. Terret (IEEE -A quadrifilar antenna is formed by four radiating strands. An exemplary embodiment is described in detail in the document "Analysis of quadrifilar resonant helical antenna for mobile communications", by A. Sharaiha and C. Terret (IEEE -
Proceedings H, vol. 140, n° 4, août 1993).Proceedings H, vol. 140, no.4, August 1993).
Selon ce mode de réalisation, les brins rayonnants sont imprimés sur un substrat diélectrique de faible épaisseur, puis enroulé sur un support cylindrique transparent du point de vue radioélectrique. Les quatre brins de l'hélice sont ouverts ou court-circuités à une extrémité et connectés électriquement à l'autre extrémité avec des segments conducteurs disposés sur la base de la partie inférieure du cylindre support. Les quatre brins de l'hélice sont donc excités à travers ces segments conducteurs. Cette antenne nécessite, classiquement, un circuit d'alimentation, qui assure l'excitation des différents brins d'antenne par des signaux de même amplitude en quadrature de phase. Plusieurs techniques sont connues pour réaliser de tels circuits d'alimentation.According to this embodiment, the radiating strands are printed on a thin dielectric substrate, then wound on a cylindrical support transparent from the radioelectric point of view. The four strands of the propeller are open or short-circuited at one end and electrically connected at the other end with conductive segments arranged on the base of the lower part of the support cylinder. The four strands of the propeller are therefore excited through these conductive segments. This antenna conventionally requires a supply circuit, which ensures the excitation of the different antenna strands by signals of the same amplitude in phase quadrature. Several techniques are known for making such supply circuits.
Dans le document "Analysis of quadrifilar résonant helical antenna for mobile communications" cité ci-dessus, cette fonction est réalisée à partir de structure de coupleurs (3 dB, -90 °) et d'un anneau hybride. Cet ensemble est implanté sur un circuit imprimé qui est placé à la base de l'antenne.In the document "Analysis of quadrifilar resonant helical antenna for mobile communications" cited above, this function is performed using a coupler structure (3 dB, -90 °) and a hybrid ring. This assembly is installed on a printed circuit which is placed at the base of the antenna.
Cette technique présente l'avantage d'être relativement simple à réaliser et à mettre en oeuvre. En revanche, elle conduit à un encombrement non négligeable, par rapport à la taille de l'antenne (qui peut par exemple présenter une taille de l'ordre d'une dizaine de centimètres). Cet inconvénient rend cette solution incompatible avec de nombreuses applications, notamment lorsqu'une miniaturisation maximum est requise.This technique has the advantage of being relatively simple to carry out and to implement. On the other hand, it leads to a not insignificant size, compared to the size of the antenna (which can for example have a size of the order of ten centimeters). This drawback makes this solution incompatible with many applications, especially when maximum miniaturization is required.
Selon une deuxième technique, décrite dans le document "UHF satellite array nulls adjacent signais" par J. L. Wong et H. E. King (Microwaves & RF, mars 1984), chaque hélice bifilaire peut être alimentée par un symétriseur coaxial du type dit "balun replié". Les deux bifilaires sont ensuite excitées en quadrature de phase à l'aide d'un coupleur hybride.According to a second technique, described in the document "UHF satellite array nulls adjacent signais" by JL Wong and HE King (Microwaves & RF, March 1984), each two-wire propeller can be powered by a coaxial balun of the so-called "balun" type folded ". The two two-wire are then excited in phase quadrature using a hybrid coupler.
L'avantage de cette méthode est qu'elle ne nécessite l'utilisation que d'un seul élément hybride externe. En revanche, le montage symétriseur/adaptateur utilisé pour ce type d'antennes (réalisé par exemple à partir d'un tronçon de coaxial, dont l'âme et la gaine forment dipôle) est complexe et encombrant.The advantage of this method is that it only requires the use of a single external hybrid element. However, the balun / adapter assembly used for this type of antenna (made for example from a coaxial section, the core and the sheath of which form a dipole) is complex and bulky.
Par ailleurs, ce type de montage présente l'inconvénient de former une sorte de filtre passe-bande à bande encore trop étroite.Furthermore, this type of arrangement has the drawback of forming a sort of bandpass filter with a band which is still too narrow.
Une troisième technique, plus complexe, est décrite dans le document "résonant quadrifilar hélix" (hélice résonnante quadrifilaire) par C.C. Kilgus (Microwave Journal, décembre 1970) La ligne coaxiale d'alimentation est fendue à son extrémité pour constituer un symétriseur. La quadrature de phase est assurée en ajustant la longueur des brins.A third, more complex technique is described in the document "resonant quadrifilar helix" (resonant quadrifilar helix) by C.C. Kilgus (Microwave Journal, December 1970) The coaxial supply line is split at its end to form a balun. The quadrature of phase is ensured by adjusting the length of the strands.
Cette technique permet de supprimer les coupleurs hybrides. Elle présente en revanche l'inconvénient de nécessiter un réglage délicat de la longueur des brins. De plus, l'antenne n'est plus symétrique, et la réalisation sera plus complexe. Par ailleurs, cette méthode reste spécifiquement réservée aux systèmes utilisant une bande de fonctionnement étroite.This technique eliminates hybrid couplers. On the other hand, it has the drawback of requiring a delicate adjustment of the length of the strands. In addition, the antenna is no longer symmetrical, and production will be more complex. Furthermore, this method remains specifically reserved for systems using a narrow operating band.
L'invention a notamment pour objectif de pallier ces divers inconvénients de l'état de la technique.The invention particularly aims to overcome these various drawbacks of the state of the art.
Plus précisément, un objectif de l'invention est de fournir une antenne et son système d'alimentation (par la suite, le terme "antenne" englobe l'antenne proprement dite et son système d'alimentation) qui présente une très large bande de fréquence de fonctionnement, par exemple supérieur à 10%. Un autre objectif de l'invention est de fournir une telle antenne, qui soit d'un coût de revient peu important, et aisément réalisable industriellement. En particulier, l'invention à pour objectif de fournir une telle antenne, qui puisse être fabriquée en un nombre très réduit d'opérations successives.More specifically, an objective of the invention is to provide an antenna and its feed system (hereinafter, the term "antenna" includes the actual antenna and its feed system) which has a very wide band of operating frequency, for example greater than 10%. Another object of the invention is to provide such an antenna, which is of low cost, and easily industrially achievable. In particular, the invention aims to provide such an antenna, which can be manufactured in a very small number of successive operations.
Un autre objectif de l'invention est également de fournir une telle antenne, qui ne nécessite par de réglages spécifiques et complexes. Encore un autre objectif de l'invention est de fournir une telle antenne (et notamment son système d'alimentation), qui soit d'un encombrement réduit, par rapport aux dispositifs connus.Another object of the invention is also to provide such an antenna, which does not require specific and complex adjustments. Yet another objective of the invention is to provide such an antenna (and in particular its feed system), which is of reduced bulk, compared to known devices.
L'invention a également pour objectif de fournir une telle antenne, qui assure une excitation équiamplitude des quatre brins et une loi en exacte quadrature de phase, et donc une bonne qualité de polarisation circulaire.The invention also aims to provide such an antenna, which ensures an equiamplitude excitation of the four strands and a law in exact phase quadrature, and therefore a good quality of circular polarization.
Ces objectifs, ainsi que d'autres qui apparaîtront par la suite, sont atteints, selon l'invention, à l'aide d'une antenne hélicoïdale résonnante, comprenant au moins une hélice formée d'au moins deux brins rayonnants imprimés sur un substrat, comprenant une structure d'alimentation miniaturisée large bande desdits brins rayonnants imprimée sur ledit substrat et comprenant au moins un coupleur hybride réalisé à partir d'éléments semi-localisés, de façon à en réduire les dimensions.These objectives, as well as others which will appear subsequently, are achieved, according to the invention, using a resonant helical antenna, comprising at least one helix formed by at least two radiating strands printed on a substrate. , comprising a broadband miniaturized supply structure for said radiating strands printed on said substrate and comprising at least one hybrid coupler produced from semi-localized elements, so as to reduce the dimensions thereof.
La réalisation des brins d'antenne et de l'alimentation en éléments imprimés permet de produire l'antenne et son alimentation en une seule opération, sans moyens de connexion spécifiques, et sous un format particulièrement réduit.The realization of the antenna strands and the supply of printed elements makes it possible to produce the antenna and its supply in a single operation, without specific connection means, and in a particularly reduced format.
L'utilisation de coupleurs hybrides réalisés à partir d'éléments semi-localisés permet d'obtenir la très large bande et l'ensemble des qualités désirées, et notamment un faible encombrement, par rapport aux systèmes basés sur l'utilisation de lignes classiques. L'invention peut s'appliquer à tous les types d'antenne en hélice. Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel, ladite hélice est une hélice quadrifilaire, formée de quatre brins rayonnants alimentés par une structure d'alimentation comprenant trois coupleurs hybrides.The use of hybrid couplers produced from semi-localized elements makes it possible to obtain the very broad band and the set of desired qualities, and in particular a small footprint, compared to systems based on the use of conventional lines. The invention can be applied to all types of helical antenna. According to a preferred embodiment, said propeller is a quadrifilar propeller, formed by four radiating strands supplied by a supply structure comprising three hybrid couplers.
De façon avantageuse, dans ce dernier cas, ladite structure d'alimentation comprend un premier coupleur hybride à 180° associant une entrée et/ou sortie d'alimentation de ladite antenne à deux sorties et/ou entrées intermédiaires déphasées de 180°, et deux coupleurs hybrides à 90° associant chacun l'une desdites sorties et/ou entrées intermédiaires dudit premier coupleur hybride à une des extrémités de deux desdits brins rayonnants. Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux de l'invention, ladite antenne est montée sur un support présentant une première et une seconde parties distinctes ayant des permittivités différentes, ladite première partie portant lesdits brins rayonnants et ladite seconde partie portant ladite structure d'alimentation.Advantageously, in the latter case, said supply structure comprises a first hybrid 180 ° coupler associating an input and / or output supply of said antenna with two outputs and / or intermediate inputs phase shifted by 180 °, and two 90 ° hybrid couplers each associating one of said intermediate outputs and / or inputs of said first hybrid coupler at one of the ends of two of said radiating strands. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said antenna is mounted on a support having first and second distinct parts having different permittivities, said first part carrying said radiating strands and said second part carrying said supply structure.
Préférentiellement, ladite première partie portant les brins d'antenne présente une permittivité supérieure à 1.Preferably, said first part carrying the antenna strands has a permittivity greater than 1.
Ainsi, il est possible de réduire encore l'encombrement de la structure d'alimentation.Thus, it is possible to further reduce the size of the supply structure.
Une antenne telle que décrite ci-dessus peu être utilisée seule, ou en réseau d'antennes. L'invention concerne également la fabrication de telles antennes, qui s'avère particulièrement simplifiée, par rapport aux techniques connues.An antenna as described above can be used alone, or in an antenna array. The invention also relates to the manufacture of such antennas, which proves to be particularly simplified, compared to known techniques.
Selon un premier procédé de fabrication d'une antenne hélicoïdale résonnante, on prévoit les étapes suivantes : impression sur un substrat plan d'au moins deux brins rayonnants, destinés à former une hélice, et d'une structure indépendante d'alimentation miniaturisée large bande desdits brins rayonnants comprenant au moins un coupleur hybride réalisé à partir d'éléments semi- localisés, de façon à en réduire les dimensions ; enroulement dudit substrat autour d'un support cylindrique. Selon un second procédé de fabrication d'une antenne hélicoïdale résonnante, encore plus simple à mettre en oeuvre, on réalise les étapes suivantes : obtention d'un support cylindrique portant un substrat ; impression sur ledit substrat d'au moins deux brins rayonnants, destinés à former une hélice, et d'une structure indépendante d'alimentation miniaturisée large bande desdits brins rayonnants comprenant au moins un coupleur hybride réalisé à partir d'éléments semi-localisés, de façon à en réduire les dimensions. D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante d'un mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'invention, donné à titre de simple exemple illustratif et non limitatif, et des dessins annexés parmi lesquels : la figure 1 illustre un exemple d'antenne hélice quadrifilaire à alimentation intégrée selon l'invention, développée à plat ; la figure 2 présente l'antenne de la figure 1, enroulée cylindriquement, de façon à former une hélice opérationnelle ; - la figure 3 présente de façon plus détaillée la structure d'alimentation de l'antenne des figures 1 et 2 ; la figure 4 illustre le rapport d'onde stationnaire (ROS) d'un mode de réalisation particulier de l'antenne des figures 1 et 2 ; les figures 5 et 6 présentent des diagrammes de rayonnement mesurés en polarisation circulaire droite et gauche du même mode de réalisation, respectivement aux fréquences 1,98 GHz et 2,2 GHz ; la figure 7 montre le gain mesuré dans la direction du maximum de rayonnement de cette même antenne, en fonction de la fréquence ; les figures 8 A à 8C illustrent la conception d'un coupleur -3 dB 90° selon l'invention : figure 8A : coupleur classique en éléments distribués ; figure 8B : représentation correspondante à l'aide de cellules en π ; figure 8C : coupleur en lignes microrubans correspondant ; les figures 9 A et 9B illustrent la conception d'un coupleur -3 dB 180 ° : - figure 9 A : représentation d'un anneau hybride 180 ° ; figure 9B : coupleur en lignes microrubans correspondant. L'invention concerne donc une antenne à système d'alimentation à large bande intégrée, réalisée selon une technique de fabrication simple et présentant un faible coût de revient. Comme indiqué précédemment, l'invention peut s'appliquer à tout type d'antenne en hélice. Le mode de réalisation préférentiel décrit ci-dessus concerne une antenne quadrifilaire.According to a first method of manufacturing a resonant helical antenna, the following stages are provided: printing on a flat substrate of at least two radiating strands, intended to form a helix, and of an independent broadband miniaturized power supply structure said radiating strands comprising at least one hybrid coupler produced from semi-localized elements, so as to reduce the dimensions thereof; winding said substrate around a cylindrical support. According to a second method of manufacturing a resonant helical antenna, which is even simpler to implement, the following steps are carried out: obtaining a cylindrical support carrying a substrate; printing on said substrate of at least two radiating strands, intended to form a helix, and of an independent broadband miniaturized feed structure of said radiating strands comprising at least one hybrid coupler produced from semi-localized elements, so as to reduce the dimensions. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention, given by way of simple illustrative and nonlimiting example, and of the appended drawings among which: FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a quadrifilar helix antenna with integrated feed according to the invention, developed flat; FIG. 2 shows the antenna of FIG. 1, wound cylindrical, so as to form an operational helix; - Figure 3 shows in more detail the feed structure of the antenna of Figures 1 and 2; Figure 4 illustrates the standing wave ratio (ROS) of a particular embodiment of the antenna of Figures 1 and 2; Figures 5 and 6 show radiation diagrams measured in right and left circular polarization of the same embodiment, respectively at frequencies 1.98 GHz and 2.2 GHz; FIG. 7 shows the gain measured in the direction of the maximum radiation of this same antenna, as a function of the frequency; FIGS. 8 A to 8C illustrate the design of a -3 dB 90 ° coupler according to the invention: FIG. 8A: conventional coupler made of distributed elements; FIG. 8B: corresponding representation using cells in π; FIG. 8C: corresponding microstrip line coupler; Figures 9 A and 9B illustrate the design of a -3 dB 180 ° coupler: - Figure 9 A: representation of a 180 ° hybrid ring; FIG. 9B: corresponding microstrip line coupler. The invention therefore relates to an antenna with an integrated broadband feed system, produced according to a simple manufacturing technique and having a low cost price. As indicated above, the invention can be applied to any type of helical antenna. The preferred embodiment described above relates to a quadrifilar antenna.
Selon l'invention, on imprime sur un même substrat les quatre brins de l'antenne et une structure d'alimentation. La figure 1 illustre les éléments imprimés, lorsque l'antenne est développée à plat. Elle comprend tout d'abord quatre brins d'antenne rayonnants 11 ] à 114.According to the invention, the four strands of the antenna and a feed structure are printed on the same substrate. Figure 1 illustrates the printed elements when the antenna is developed flat. It firstly comprises four radiating antenna strands 11] to 11 4 .
Un mode de détermination des caractéristiques de ces brins est par exemple donné dans le brevet FR-89 14952 déjà cité.A method of determining the characteristics of these strands is for example given in patent FR-89 14952 already cited.
Les dimensions de l'antenne varient en fonction de la bande de fréquence et des couvertures exigées. A titre d'exemple, les dimensions de ces brins peuvent être les suivantes :The antenna dimensions vary depending on the frequency band and the coverage required. By way of example, the dimensions of these strands can be as follows:
- longueur 90 mm ;- length 90 mm;
- largeur 2 mm ;- width 2 mm;
- épaisseur 35 μm ; - angle d'inclinaison 54,5°.- thickness 35 μm; - tilt angle 54.5 °.
Ils sont par exemple réalisés en cuivre, sur un substrat diélectrique de faible épaisseur, tel que du kapton (εr ≈ 3,8).They are for example made of copper, on a thin dielectric substrate, such as kapton (ε r ≈ 3.8).
Les quatre brins 11] à I I4 sont préférentiellement ouverts à leur extrémité supérieure 151 à 154. Ils peuvent également être court-circuités. Toutefois, le système de l'invention convient particulièrement à l'excitation d'antennes à brins plus ouverts qui, à performances égales, possèdent des dimensions plus réduites que les antennes à brins court-circuités.The four strands 11] to II 4 are preferably open at their upper end 15 1 to 15 4 . They can also be short-circuited. However, the system of the invention is particularly suitable for the excitation of antennas with more open strands which, for equal performance, have smaller dimensions than the antennas with short-circuited strands.
L'autre extrémité 161 à I64 des brins est connectée aux lignes d'attaque du circuit d'alimentation. Le système d'alimentation est réalisé sur le même substrat, dans le prolongement de l'antenne. Il est formé de trois coupleurs hybrides 12, 13 et 14 conçus en éléments semi-localisés.The other end 16 1 to 4 strands I6 is connected to the lines of attack of the supply circuit. The feed system is produced on the same substrate, in line with the antenna. It is made up of three hybrid couplers 12, 13 and 14 designed as semi-localized elements.
Le premier coupleur hybride 12 est relié d'une part à l'entrée (respectivement sortie selon l'utilisation) 17 de signal de l'antenne, et d'autre aux deux entrées (respectivement sorties) 18 et 19 des deux autres coupleurs 13 et 14. Il s'agit d'un coupleur hybride 180°.The first hybrid coupler 12 is connected on the one hand to the antenna signal input (respectively output) 17, and on the other hand to the two inputs (respectively outputs) 18 and 19 of the other two couplers 13 and 14. It is a 180 ° hybrid coupler.
Les coupleurs hybrides 13 et 14 sont deux coupleurs identiques 90 °. Ils sont reliés d'une part à l'entrée 18 (respectivement 19) et d'autre part à l'extrémité des brins 16] et I62 (respectivement I63 et I64). Ainsi, les quatre brins sont alimentés en parfaite quadrature de phase, sur une très large bande.The hybrid couplers 13 and 14 are two identical 90 ° couplers. They are connected on the one hand to the input 18 (respectively 19) and on the other hand to the end of the strands 16] and I6 2 (respectively I6 3 and I6 4 ). Thus, the four strands are fed in perfect phase quadrature, on a very broadband.
L'ensemble ainsi obtenu est ensuite enroulé sur un support cylindrique, pour obtenir l'antenne opérationnelle, représentée en vue de face en figure 2.The assembly thus obtained is then wound on a cylindrical support, to obtain the operational antenna, shown in front view in FIG. 2.
Le support cylindrique est un support transparent du point de vue radioélectrique, c'est-à-dire présentant une permittivite voisine de 1.The cylindrical support is a transparent support from the radioelectric point of view, that is to say having a permittivite close to 1.
Il est à noter qu'il est aisé de réduire encore la hauteur de l'ensemble, en utilisant un support de permittivite supérieure à 1, pour la partie correspondant aux brins d'antenne.It should be noted that it is easy to further reduce the height of the assembly, by using a support of permittivity greater than 1, for the part corresponding to the antenna strands.
La figure 3 illustre de façon plus précise la structure d'alimentation en éléments semi-localisés selon l'invention, grossie sensiblement d'un facteur 3 par rapport à la réalité. Elle comprend deux types de lignes imprimées : des lignes de faible largeur, présentant une caractéristique inductive ; des lignes plus larges, présentant une caractéristique capacitive. Ainsi, les coupleurs 90 ° 13 et 14 sont constitués chacun de 4 éléments larges 31 j et 314, reliés 2 à 2 par 4 lignes de faible largeur 321 à 324. Le coupleur 190 ° comprend 6 éléments larges 331 à 336 reliés par 6 lignes de faible largeur 34j à 34^.FIG. 3 illustrates more precisely the structure for supplying semi-localized elements according to the invention, magnified substantially by a factor of 3 compared to reality. It comprises two types of printed lines: narrow lines, having an inductive characteristic; wider lines, having a capacitive characteristic. Thus, the 90 ° couplers 13 and 14 each consist of 4 wide elements 31 d and 31 4 , connected 2 to 2 by 4 lines of small width 32 1 to 32 4 . The 190 ° coupler comprises 6 wide elements 331 to 336 connected by 6 narrow lines 34j to 34 ^.
Les figures 8 A et 8C illustrent la conception d'un coupleur -3 dB 90°. De plus amples informations pourront être trouvées, si nécessaire, dans la thèse de M. Coupez, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, "Etude de structures de déphaseurs potentiellement intégrables à 900 MHz", mai 1988.Figures 8 A and 8C illustrate the design of a -3 dB 90 ° coupler. More information can be found, if necessary, in the thesis of M. Coupez, University of Western Brittany, "Study of phase-shifter structures potentially integrable at 900 MHz", May 1988.
La figure 8 A présente un schéma classique d'un coupleur -3 dB 90° en éléments distribués. Il comprend deux tronçons de ligne 81, 82 de longueur λg/4 et d'impédance caractéristique Zc, et deux tronçons de ligne 83, 84 de longueur λg/4, et d'impédance ZcΛ/2. On peut remplacer chacun de ces tronçons de ligne par des cellules en π d'éléments localisés, formées de capacités C et d'inductances L et L', tel que cela est illustré en figure 8B.FIG. 8 A presents a classic diagram of a -3 dB 90 ° coupler in distributed elements. It comprises two line sections 81, 82 of length λg / 4 and of characteristic impedance Zc, and two line sections 83, 84 of length λg / 4, and of impedance ZcΛ / 2. Each of these line sections can be replaced by π cells of localized elements, formed of capacitances C and inductances L and L ', as illustrated in FIG. 8B.
En utilisant les propriétés inductive (lignes de faible largeur 85) et capacitive (lignes plus large 86) des lignes microrubans, on peut alors transformer à nouveau le coupleur en éléments distribués, ainsi qu'illustré en figure 8C. On procède de même pour transformer la structure classique d'un anneau hybride -3 dB, 180 illustrée en figure 9A, en un coupleur en éléments semi-localisés, illustré en figure 9B.By using the inductive (narrow lines 85) and capacitive (wider lines 86) properties of the microstrip lines, it is then possible to transform the coupler again into distributed elements, as illustrated in FIG. 8C. The same procedure is used to transform the conventional structure of a -3 dB hybrid ring, 180 illustrated in FIG. 9A, into a coupler made of semi-localized elements, illustrated in FIG. 9B.
Une telle antenne présente notamment les avantages suivants : - l'antenne est à brins ouverts, donc l'impédance de chaque brin est aisément adaptable à 50 Ω pour une antenne ayant les propriétés souhaitées (couverture hémisphérique et polarisation inverse faible) ; la structure d'alimentation utilisant des hybrides est large bande, et parfaitement équilibrée : - en amplitude (identique pour chaque brin) ; et en phase (0° ; ± 90° ; ± 180° ; ± 270°) ; les dimensions du dispositif d'alimentation sont plus faibles que celles des systèmes connus (un gain de l'ordre de 50 % peut être obtenu). En effet, on constate aisément que chaque élément semi-localisé est de taille très inférieure à la ligne qu'il remplace (qui est généralement d'une taille multiple de λ/4) ; l'antenne présente une forte isolation brin à brin. A titre indicatif, on présente maintenant les résultats de mesure obtenus à partir d'un mode de réalisation particulier, destiné aux communications avec les matériels et aux communications de proximité.Such an antenna has in particular the following advantages: - the antenna is with open strands, therefore the impedance of each strand is easily adaptable to 50 Ω for an antenna having the desired properties (hemispherical coverage and weak reverse polarization); the feed structure using hybrids is broadband, and perfectly balanced: - in amplitude (identical for each strand); and in phase (0 °; ± 90 °; ± 180 °; ± 270 °); the dimensions of the supply device are smaller than those of known systems (a gain of the order of 50% can be obtained). Indeed, we can easily see that each semi-localized element is very much smaller than the line it replaces (which is generally of a size multiple of λ / 4); the antenna has strong strand-by-strand insulation. As an indication, we now present the measurement results obtained from a particular embodiment, intended for communications with equipment and proximity communications.
Les dimensions de l'ensemble formé par l'antenne et l'alimentation intégrée sont les suivantes :The dimensions of the assembly formed by the antenna and the integrated power supply are as follows:
- diamètre : 24 mm ;- diameter: 24 mm;
- hauteur : 110 mm ; - poids total : 70 g.- height: 110 mm; - total weight: 70 g.
Les caractéristiques radio-électriques relevées sont :The radio characteristics noted are:
- émission : 2.17 - 2.2 GHz- transmission: 2.17 - 2.2 GHz
- réception : 1.98 - 2.01 GHz- reception: 1.98 - 2.01 GHz
- polaristion : circulaire droite - ellipticité < 5 dB pour θ < 90° < 2 dB pour θ < 75° - défaut d'omnidirectionnalité : ± 0,6 dB à l'horizon.- polaristion: right circular - ellipticity <5 dB for θ <90 ° <2 dB for θ <75 ° - omnidirectionality fault: ± 0.6 dB on the horizon.
Sur la figure 4 on présente le rapport d'onde stationnaire (ROS) à l'entrée de l'antenne, en fonction de la fréquence. On constate que l'on obtient un ROS inférieur à 1 ,5 dans une bande de 400 MHz.In Figure 4 we present the standing wave ratio (ROS) at the input of the antenna, as a function of the frequency. It can be seen that an ROS of less than 1.5 is obtained in a 400 MHz band.
Les figures 5 et 6 sont relatives aux diagrammes de rayonnement mesurés en polarisation circulaire droite (a) et en polarisation circulaire gauche (b), respectivement aux fréquences 1,98 GHz (figure 5) et 2,2 GHz (figure 6). On peut observer que l'on obtient : - une ouverture moyenne à -3 dB quasi-hémisphérique supérieure à 180° ; une réjection de la polarisation inverse supérieure à -15 dB dans toute la couverture. La figure 7 montre le gain mesuré dans la direction du maximum de rayonnement en fonction de la fréquence. On peut constater que l'antenne peut être utilisée dans une très large bande (supérieure à 12 %) avec de bonnes performances (gain, réjection de la polarisation inverse, omnidirectionnalité,...).FIGS. 5 and 6 relate to the radiation diagrams measured in right circular polarization (a) and in left circular polarization (b), respectively at the frequencies 1.98 GHz (FIG. 5) and 2.2 GHz (FIG. 6). We can observe that we obtain: - an average aperture at -3 dB quasi-hemispherical greater than 180 °; rejection of reverse polarization greater than -15 dB throughout the coverage. Figure 7 shows the gain measured in the direction of maximum radiation as a function of frequency. We can see that the antenna can be used in a very wide band (more than 12%) with good performance (gain, rejection of reverse polarization, omnidirectionality, ...).
Ce type d'alimentation permet toutefois, grâce à l'isolation liée aux coupleurs hybrides, de faire fonctionner les antennes dans une large bande.This type of power, however, allows, thanks to the insulation linked to hybrid couplers, to operate the antennas in a wide band.
Une antenne selon l'invention peut être réalisée de plusieurs façons. Ainsi, selon un premier mode de réalisation, elle peut être imprimée à plat, tel qu'illustré en figure 1. Elle est ensuite enroulée sur un support pour former l'antenne (figure 2).An antenna according to the invention can be produced in several ways. Thus, according to a first embodiment, it can be printed flat, as illustrated in Figure 1. It is then wound on a support to form the antenna (Figure 2).
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, encore plus rapide, le substrat destiné à recevoir les éléments imprimés peut être réalisé directement dans sa forme cylindrique définitive. Dans ce cas, l'impression des brins et de la structure d'alimentation est effectué directement sur le cylindre.According to another embodiment, even faster, the substrate intended to receive the printed elements can be produced directly in its final cylindrical shape. In this case, the printing of the strands and of the supply structure is carried out directly on the cylinder.
Par ailleurs, il est à noter que, bien qu'elle soit utilisable à l'unité, l'antenne de l'invention se prête avantageusement à la réalisation de réseaux d'antennes.Furthermore, it should be noted that, although it can be used individually, the antenna of the invention advantageously lends itself to the production of antenna arrays.
Il est également possible de monter coaxialement et concentriquement deux antennes de ce type, selon la technique décrite en détail dans la demande de brevet déposée le même jour au nom du même déposant, et ayant pour titre "antenne duplexeur à alimentation large bande intégrée, réseau d'antennes et procédés de fabrication correspondants". It is also possible to mount coaxially and concentrically two antennas of this type, according to the technique described in detail in the patent application. filed on the same day in the name of the same applicant, and having the title "duplexer antenna with integrated broadband power, antenna network and corresponding manufacturing methods".

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Antenne hélicoïdale résonnante, comprenant au moins une hélice formée d'au moins deux brins rayonnants imprimés sur un substrat, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une structure d'alimentation miniaturisée large bande desdits brins rayonnants imprimée sur ledit substrat et comprenant au moins un coupleur hybride réalisé à partir d'éléments semi-localisés, de façon à en réduire les dimensions. 1. Resonant helical antenna, comprising at least one helix formed by at least two radiating strands printed on a substrate, characterized in that it comprises a broadband miniaturized feed structure for said radiating strands printed on said substrate and comprising at least one coupler hybrid made from semi-localized elements, so as to reduce their dimensions.
2 . Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que ladite hélice est une hélice quadrifilaire, formée de quatre brins rayonnants alimentés par une structure d'alimentation comprenant trois coupleurs hybrides. 2. Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that said helix is a quadrifilar helix, formed by four radiating strands supplied by a supply structure comprising three hybrid couplers.
3 . Antenne selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que ladite structure d'alimentation comprend un premier coupleur hybride à 180° associant une entrée et/ou sortie d'alimentation de ladite antenne à deux sorties et/ou entrées intermédiaires déphasées de 180°, et deux coupleurs hybrides à 90° associant chacun l'une desdites sorties et/ou entrées intermédiaires dudit premier coupleur hybride à une des extrémités de deux desdits brins rayonnants.3. Antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that said feed structure comprises a first hybrid 180 ° coupler associating a feed input and / or output of said antenna with two outputs and / or intermediate inputs phase shifted by 180 °, and two 90 ° hybrid couplers each associating one of said intermediate outputs and / or inputs of said first hybrid coupler at one of the ends of two of said radiating strands.
4 . Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est montée sur un support présentant une première et une seconde parties distinctes ayant des permittivités différentes, ladite première partie portant lesdits brins rayonnants et ladite seconde partie portant ladite structure d'alimentation. 4. Antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is mounted on a support having first and second distinct parts having different permittivities, said first part carrying said radiating strands and said second part carrying said structure feed.
5 . Antenne selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que ladite première partie portant lesdits brins rayonnants présente une permittivite supérieure à 1. 5. Antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that said first part carrying said radiating strands has a permittivity greater than 1.
6 . Procédé de fabrication d'une antenne hélicoïdale résonnante à alimentation miniaturisée, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes : impression sur un substrat plan d'au moins deux brins rayonnants, destinés à former une hélice, et d'une structure indépendante d'alimentation miniaturisée large bande desdits brins rayonnants comprenant au moins un coupleur hybride réalisé à partir d'éléments semi- localisés, de façon à en réduire les dimensions ; enroulement dudit substrat autour d'un support cylindrique. 6. Method of manufacturing a resonant helical antenna with miniaturized feed, characterized in that it comprises the following stages: printing on a planar substrate at least two radiating strands, intended to form a helix, and of an independent structure d broadband miniaturized supply of said radiating strands comprising at least one hybrid coupler produced from semi-localized elements, so as to reduce the dimensions thereof; winding said substrate around a cylindrical support.
7. Procédé de fabrication d'une antenne hélicoïdale résonnante à alimentation miniaturisée, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes : obtention d'un support cylindrique portant un substrat ; impression sur ledit substrat d'au moins deux brins rayonnants, destinés à former une hélice, et d'une structure indépendante d'alimentation miniaturisée large bande desdits brins rayonnants comprenant au moins un coupleur hybride réalisé à partir d'éléments semi-localisés, de façon à en réduire les dimensions. 7. Method of manufacturing a resonant helical antenna with power supply miniaturized, characterized in that it comprises the following stages: obtaining a cylindrical support carrying a substrate; printing on said substrate of at least two radiating strands, intended to form a helix, and of an independent broadband miniaturized feed structure of said radiating strands comprising at least one hybrid coupler produced from semi-localized elements, so as to reduce the dimensions.
EP97914394A 1996-03-19 1997-03-13 Helix antenna with a built-in broadband power supply, and manufacturing methods therefor Expired - Lifetime EP0888647B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9603698 1996-03-19
FR9603698A FR2746547B1 (en) 1996-03-19 1996-03-19 PROPELLER ANTENNA WITH INTEGRATED BROADBAND SUPPLY, AND MANUFACTURING METHODS THEREOF
PCT/FR1997/000455 WO1997035356A1 (en) 1996-03-19 1997-03-13 Helix antenna with a built-in broadband power supply, and manufacturing methods therefor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0888647A1 true EP0888647A1 (en) 1999-01-07
EP0888647B1 EP0888647B1 (en) 2001-10-31

Family

ID=9490518

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97914394A Expired - Lifetime EP0888647B1 (en) 1996-03-19 1997-03-13 Helix antenna with a built-in broadband power supply, and manufacturing methods therefor

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US6181295B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0888647B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1218582A (en)
AU (1) AU2165097A (en)
CA (1) CA2248853A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69707845T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2165036T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2746547B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1997035356A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6094178A (en) * 1997-11-14 2000-07-25 Ericsson, Inc. Dual mode quadrifilar helix antenna and associated methods of operation
SE514568C2 (en) 1998-05-18 2001-03-12 Allgon Ab An antenna device comprising feed means and a hand-held radio communication device for such an antenna device
SE514530C2 (en) 1998-05-18 2001-03-12 Allgon Ab An antenna device comprising capacitively coupled radio tower elements and a hand-held radio communication device for such an antenna device
EP1026775B1 (en) 1999-01-19 2006-04-26 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Antenna set for a satellite mobile phone and a mobile equipped with this antenna system
SE516105C2 (en) * 1999-06-11 2001-11-19 Allgon Ab A method for controlling the radiation pattern of an antenna, antenna system and radio communication device
JP2001094341A (en) * 1999-08-31 2001-04-06 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Helical antenna
FR2814286B1 (en) * 2000-09-15 2004-05-28 France Telecom VARIABLE WIDTH PROPELLER ANTENNA
FR2814285A1 (en) * 2000-09-15 2002-03-22 France Telecom VARIABLE STEP HELICOID ANTENNA, AND CORRESPONDING METHOD
US6373448B1 (en) 2001-04-13 2002-04-16 Luxul Corporation Antenna for broadband wireless communications
GB0204014D0 (en) * 2002-02-20 2002-04-03 Univ Surrey Improvements relating to multifilar helix antennas
FR2844923B1 (en) 2002-09-20 2006-06-16 Univ Rennes BROADBAND HELICOIDAL ANTENNA
US6856283B2 (en) * 2003-02-28 2005-02-15 Raytheon Company Method and apparatus for a power system for phased-array radar
US6873138B2 (en) * 2003-03-20 2005-03-29 Raytheon Company Method and apparatus for converting power
US7372427B2 (en) 2003-03-28 2008-05-13 Sarentel Limited Dielectrically-loaded antenna
GB2399948B (en) 2003-03-28 2006-06-21 Sarantel Ltd A dielectrically-loaded antenna
JP2010541468A (en) * 2007-10-02 2010-12-24 エアゲイン、インコーポレイテッド Compact multi-element antenna with phase shift
WO2010103264A1 (en) * 2009-03-12 2010-09-16 Sarantel Limited A dielectrically loaded antenna
US8106846B2 (en) * 2009-05-01 2012-01-31 Applied Wireless Identifications Group, Inc. Compact circular polarized antenna
TWI404265B (en) * 2009-05-05 2013-08-01 Univ Nat Chiao Tung Printed dipole antenna and its manufacturing method
GB0911635D0 (en) * 2009-07-03 2009-08-12 Sarantel Ltd A dielectrically-loaded antenna
US8456375B2 (en) * 2009-05-05 2013-06-04 Sarantel Limited Multifilar antenna
US8618998B2 (en) 2009-07-21 2013-12-31 Applied Wireless Identifications Group, Inc. Compact circular polarized antenna with cavity for additional devices
US9407150B2 (en) * 2013-09-06 2016-08-02 Raytheon Company High efficiency zero-voltage switching (ZVS) assistance circuit for power converter
CN104702267A (en) * 2015-03-21 2015-06-10 徐园园 Adjustable hybrid coupler circuit
CN108258388A (en) * 2016-12-29 2018-07-06 深圳市景程信息科技有限公司 Double-frequency broadband four-arm spiral antenna

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4011528A (en) * 1975-07-14 1977-03-08 Stanford Research Institute Semi-lumped element coupler
DE2708241C2 (en) * 1977-02-25 1978-09-21 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen High-frequency circuit arrangement with a low-pass filter
FR2624656B1 (en) * 1987-12-10 1990-05-18 Centre Nat Etd Spatiales PROPELLER-TYPE ANTENNA AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD
FR2654554B1 (en) * 1989-11-10 1992-07-31 France Etat ANTENNA IN PROPELLER, QUADRIFILAIRE, RESONANT BICOUCHE.
US5198831A (en) * 1990-09-26 1993-03-30 501 Pronav International, Inc. Personal positioning satellite navigator with printed quadrifilar helical antenna
US5235296A (en) * 1990-11-28 1993-08-10 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Directional coupler using a microstrip line
US5541617A (en) * 1991-10-21 1996-07-30 Connolly; Peter J. Monolithic quadrifilar helix antenna
US5828348A (en) * 1995-09-22 1998-10-27 Qualcomm Incorporated Dual-band octafilar helix antenna
SE511450C2 (en) * 1997-12-30 1999-10-04 Allgon Ab Antenna system for circularly polarized radio waves including antenna device and interface network

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9735356A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2746547B1 (en) 1998-06-19
DE69707845T2 (en) 2002-05-29
ES2165036T3 (en) 2002-03-01
DE69707845D1 (en) 2001-12-06
CA2248853A1 (en) 1997-09-25
EP0888647B1 (en) 2001-10-31
FR2746547A1 (en) 1997-09-26
WO1997035356A1 (en) 1997-09-25
CN1218582A (en) 1999-06-02
AU2165097A (en) 1997-10-10
US6181295B1 (en) 2001-01-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0888647B1 (en) Helix antenna with a built-in broadband power supply, and manufacturing methods therefor
EP0427654B1 (en) Tuned helical antennae consisting of two quadrifilar antennas fit into each other
EP0888648B1 (en) Helical antenna with built-in duplexing means, and manufacturing methods therefore
EP1073143B1 (en) Dual polarisation printed antenna and corresponding array
EP0243289A1 (en) Plate antenna with two crossed polarizations
EP0714151B1 (en) Broadband monopole antenna in uniplanar printed circuit technology and transmit- and/or receive device with such an antenna
EP1299923B1 (en) Multiband planar antenna
EP1805848B1 (en) Multiband printed helical slot antenna
FR2752646A1 (en) PLANE PRINTED ANTENNA WITH OVERLAPPING ELEMENTS SHORT CIRCUITS
FR2810163A1 (en) IMPROVEMENT TO ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE EMISSION / RECEPTION SOURCE ANTENNAS
FR2751471A1 (en) WIDE-BAND RADIATION DEVICE WHICH MAY BE MULTIPLE POLARIZATION
FR2655202A1 (en) CIRCULAR POLARIZATION ANTENNA, IN PARTICULAR FOR ANTENNA NETWORK.
EP1540768B1 (en) Broadband helical antenna
FR2814285A1 (en) VARIABLE STEP HELICOID ANTENNA, AND CORRESPONDING METHOD
EP0463263B1 (en) Circularly-polarized omnidirectionnal antenna with maximum horizontal gain
EP3180816A1 (en) Multiband source with coaxial horn having monopulse tracking systems for a reflector antenna
FR2833764A1 (en) Domestic wire less transmission wide frequency band circular polarization transmitter/receiver having feed line annular slot antenna connected and feed line two points connected.
FR2925233A1 (en) VERY BROADBAND ACTIVE ANTENNA FOR PASSIVE RADAR.
EP0477102B1 (en) Directional network with adjacent radiator elements for radio communication system and unit with such a directional network
FR2814286A1 (en) Mobile satellite communications high pass band helical antenna having helix radiating strips helix formed with one/more strips varying width.
EP0654845B1 (en) Adaptable dipole radiating element in printed circuit technology, method for adjustment of the adaptation and corresponding array
EP4203191A1 (en) Circularly polarized planar radio frequency antenna
FR2828014A1 (en) Antenna for flat antennae receiving signals of Ultra and Very High Frequency incorporates a feed circuit, a parallel surface conductor and at least one conducting block connected to the micro-tape of the feed circuit and the earth surface
EP1873864A1 (en) Symmetric antenna using microwave-strip technology.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19981012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE ES GB IT

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19990507

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE ES GB IT

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69707845

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20011206

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 20020116

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2165036

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20060331

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20070226

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20070307

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20070308

Year of fee payment: 11

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20080313

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20081001

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20080314

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080313

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080314

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070313