EP0885147B1 - Pallet - Google Patents

Pallet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0885147B1
EP0885147B1 EP96927939A EP96927939A EP0885147B1 EP 0885147 B1 EP0885147 B1 EP 0885147B1 EP 96927939 A EP96927939 A EP 96927939A EP 96927939 A EP96927939 A EP 96927939A EP 0885147 B1 EP0885147 B1 EP 0885147B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cover plate
columns
lower cover
pallet
pallet according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96927939A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0885147A1 (en
Inventor
Johannes Philippus Ludovicus Maria Diderich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Besin BV
Original Assignee
Besin BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Besin BV filed Critical Besin BV
Publication of EP0885147A1 publication Critical patent/EP0885147A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0885147B1 publication Critical patent/EP0885147B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D19/0004—Rigid pallets without side walls
    • B65D19/0006—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element
    • B65D19/0008—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface
    • B65D19/001—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of a single element
    • B65D19/0012—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00019—Paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
    • B65D2519/00054—Paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00084—Materials for the non-integral separating spacer
    • B65D2519/00089—Paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00263—Overall construction of the pallet
    • B65D2519/00273—Overall construction of the pallet made of more than one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00283—Overall construction of the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00288—Overall construction of the load supporting surface made of one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00283—Overall construction of the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00303—Cell type, e.g. honeycomb
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
    • B65D2519/00318—Overall construction of the base surface made of one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
    • B65D2519/00358—Cell type, e.g. honeycomb
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00368—Overall construction of the non-integral separating spacer
    • B65D2519/00373—Overall construction of the non-integral separating spacer whereby at least one spacer is made of one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00547—Connections
    • B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
    • B65D2519/00557—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00547—Connections
    • B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
    • B65D2519/00557—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
    • B65D2519/00562—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements chemical connection, e.g. glued, welded, sealed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pallet, comprising an upper cover plate, a lower cover plate and columns between the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate, as described in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such pallets are nowadays used on a large scale for storing and for transporting all kinds of goods.
  • a pallet of the kind described in the preamble of claim 1 is known from FR-A-2.676.994.
  • the pallet disclosed in this document is designed to provide a high strength and to this end the pallet has cover plates which are preferably made of corrugated cardboard and columns which are tubular and preferably made of solid cardboard.
  • Pallets are usually made of wood, but nowadays for a number of uses of paper material, too, such as solid cardboard upper and lower cover plate and columns made of solid cardboard tubes. These cardboard pallets are easily recycled and lightweight, whereas wooden pallets are heavy, they splinter and they are difficult to recycle. For certain uses the pallet is, however, heavily loaded because it is stacked with solid cardboard plates, for instance, between which air is pressed out with the help of a machine. The forces on the pallet column can amount to 1500 kg because the load is not always equally distributed.
  • a cardboard pallet with solid cardboard columns - such as the pallet of FR-A- 2.676.994- creates spoilage in the product stacked on it, in that one column causes an indentation in the lower products through the upper cover plate. Consequently, up until now wooden pallets are still used for this purpose.
  • the invention aims at removing the drawbacks of the known pallets.
  • the ends of the columns are arranged in holes in the upper and lower cover plates.
  • the pallet is suited for the intended purpose, and is also lighter and more easily recycled than a wooden pallet.
  • NL-C-94.834 discloses a an assembly of a cardboard pallet and a cardboard box which is to be supported by the pallet, the pallet consisting of lower and upper cover plates of corrugated cardboard and columns extending between both coverplates and preferably -for reasons of weight and strength- made of rolled up corrugated board.
  • the upper cover plate is provided with two panels which are integral therewith and function to secure the cardboard box to the pallet by insertion into the box and by sandwiching them between the outer flaps and the inner flaps of the bottom of the box.
  • the box necessarily having dimensions corresponding to the dimensions of the pallet, will thus always be kept in position on the upper cover plate: in this known assembly the aforementioned problem is not likely to occur.
  • the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate are made of honeycomb plates comprising a honeycomb core and an outer cover plate and an inner cover plate, so that a rigid and yet lightweight pallet is obtained.
  • the holes in the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate extend through the inner cover plates and the core up to the outer cover plates and with their end faces the columns bear against the inner surface of the outer cover plates, so that the column cannot protrude outside the upper and lower cover plates and the columns are easily and securely attachable in the upper and lower cover plates.
  • the holes in the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate are through-going and the end faces of the columns are flush with the outer surface of the outer cover plates.
  • the holes in the upper and lower cover plates are simple to make.
  • every column is provided at every end with an attaching tenon having a smaller diameter than the rest of the column and having a diameter and length which corresponds to the holes in the upper and lower cover plate, so that the attaching tenons are entirely received in the upper and lower cover plate, and the shoulder faces which are formed at the transitions between the tenons and the rest of the column provide additional attaching and supporting surfaces of the column against the inner cover plate of the upper and lower cover plate.
  • the columns are preferably bonded in the holes in the upper and lower cover plate, so that when manoeuvring a pallet it does not fall apart.
  • the upper cover plate of honeycomb plate is approximately 20 mm thick, and preferably the lower cover plate of honeycomb plate is approximately 10 mm thick, so that the pallet with honeycomb plates is sufficiently rigid and the outer and inner cover plates of the honeycomb plates are spaced far enough apart so that in the case of through-going holes shearing forces on the pallet can be taken up to an adequate extent.
  • every column of rolled up corrugated board is approximately 115 mm in diameter, so that each column can take up sufficient force.
  • the attaching tenons on the columns of rolled up corrugated board are approximately 93 mm in diameter, so that the shoulder faces at the transition between the tenon and the rest of the column are large enough, while the diameter of the tenons remains large enough to take up lateral forces on the pallet.
  • the corrugated board is selected and rolled up such that a column is rammed in at a load between 1000 and 1500 kg, after which other columns of the pallet take up part of the load on that one column and ramming in thereof ceases.
  • a disproportionately high load between 1000 and 1500 kg on one column is distributed over other columns of the pallet by ramming in said column somewhat, so that all the columns will take up an approximately equal part of the load and the product on the pallet will not be damaged by a disproportionately high load on just one column.
  • the upper and lower cover plates are approximately 1 by 1.2 metres in size.
  • the pallet according to the invention consists of an upper cover plate 1, a lower cover plate 2 and columns 3, of which, for example, nine are arranged.
  • the upper cover plate 1 and the lower cover plate 2 are both made of honeycomb plate, which consists of a core 4 and 5 respectively, of strips of thin cardboard, formed and attached to each other such that for instance hexagonal "honeycombs" are formed, and of an outer cover plate 6 and an inner cover plate 7, which are bonded on both flat sides on the core 4 and 5 respectively.
  • the cover plates 6 and 7 consist of solid cardboard.
  • continuous holes 8 are arranged in the upper cover plate 1 and the lower cover plate 2 for receiving the attaching tenons 10 and 11 provided on the columns 3.
  • the length of the attaching tenons 10 and 11 is adapted to the length of the holes in the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate respectively, so that they do not protrude outside the outer cover plates.
  • the tenons 10 and 11 are bonded in the holes 8, the shoulder faces 14 and 15 being bonded on the inner surfaces of upper cover plate 1 and lower cover plate 2 and the edges of the holes in the cover plates 6 and 7 are bonded to the outer surface of the attaching tenons 10 and 11.
  • the columns are made of rolled up corrugated board of the one-sided type, and are of a thickness such that they ram in at the required load.
  • the upper and lower cover plate 1, 2 are approximately 1 by 1.2 metres in size and the upper cover plate is approximately 20 mm and the lower cover plate approximately 10 mm thick.
  • the columns 3 are approximately 115 mm in diameter, and the attaching tenons 10, 11 on the columns approximately 93 mm in diameter.
  • a column 3 is rammed in at a load between 1000 and 1500 kg, after which other columns of the pallet take up a part of this (disproportionately high) load and the ramming in of that specific column ceases.
  • corrugated board for the columns is of the E-wave RCK 110/125 type.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)
EP96927939A 1995-09-01 1996-08-23 Pallet Expired - Lifetime EP0885147B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1001117A NL1001117C2 (nl) 1995-09-01 1995-09-01 Pallet.
NL1001117 1995-09-01
PCT/NL1996/000336 WO1997009239A1 (en) 1995-09-01 1996-08-23 Pallet

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0885147A1 EP0885147A1 (en) 1998-12-23
EP0885147B1 true EP0885147B1 (en) 1999-11-17

Family

ID=19761524

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96927939A Expired - Lifetime EP0885147B1 (en) 1995-09-01 1996-08-23 Pallet

Country Status (14)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0885147B1 (ko)
KR (1) KR19990044247A (ko)
CN (1) CN1198718A (ko)
AT (1) ATE186699T1 (ko)
AU (1) AU6757496A (ko)
BR (1) BR9610435A (ko)
CA (1) CA2230755A1 (ko)
DE (1) DE69605211T2 (ko)
ES (1) ES2140886T3 (ko)
HU (1) HUP9900326A3 (ko)
NL (1) NL1001117C2 (ko)
PL (1) PL325289A1 (ko)
TR (1) TR199800331T1 (ko)
WO (1) WO1997009239A1 (ko)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1095867B1 (en) * 1998-07-08 2004-01-21 Grudem Grupo Desarrollo Empresarial S.L. New laminar support
ES2245156B1 (es) * 2003-01-10 2006-08-16 Cartonajes Trilla, S.A. Palet ligero reciclable de papel/carton.
HU3477U (en) 2008-03-28 2008-09-29 Laszlo Suda Paper pallet
ES2441466B1 (es) * 2012-08-02 2014-10-07 Sergio ALTUR SANCHEZ Palet reciclable
MX2017002138A (es) 2016-02-16 2018-08-08 Rehrig Pacific Co Elevador y tarima.
US10479553B2 (en) 2016-02-26 2019-11-19 Rehrig Pacific Company Nestable pallet
US10661944B2 (en) 2016-10-11 2020-05-26 Rehrig Pacific Company Pallet with inset deck
US11174070B2 (en) 2019-08-07 2021-11-16 Rehrig Pacific Company Stackable pallet
US11034371B2 (en) 2019-08-19 2021-06-15 Rehrig Pacific Company Pallet sled
USD895224S1 (en) 2020-05-20 2020-09-01 Rehrig Pacific Company Pallet
USD895223S1 (en) 2020-05-20 2020-09-01 Rehrig Pacific Company Pallet

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5495810A (en) * 1993-06-14 1996-03-05 Yoshii; Hisashi Corrugated cardboard tube and pallet using the same

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL94834C (ko) *
PT99115A (pt) * 1991-05-27 1994-01-31 Embalaje Iberoamericana Plataforma ligeira de carga para transferir mercadorias
US5329861A (en) * 1991-06-24 1994-07-19 Mccarthy David F Lightweight pallet

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5495810A (en) * 1993-06-14 1996-03-05 Yoshii; Hisashi Corrugated cardboard tube and pallet using the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69605211T2 (de) 2000-05-31
ES2140886T3 (es) 2000-03-01
BR9610435A (pt) 1999-02-17
HUP9900326A2 (hu) 1999-05-28
AU6757496A (en) 1997-03-27
WO1997009239A1 (en) 1997-03-13
CA2230755A1 (en) 1997-03-13
PL325289A1 (en) 1998-07-20
HUP9900326A3 (en) 1999-11-29
CN1198718A (zh) 1998-11-11
NL1001117C2 (nl) 1997-03-04
ATE186699T1 (de) 1999-12-15
KR19990044247A (ko) 1999-06-25
EP0885147A1 (en) 1998-12-23
DE69605211D1 (en) 1999-12-23
TR199800331T1 (xx) 1998-06-22

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