EP0884797A1 - Antenna array with radiating slots - Google Patents

Antenna array with radiating slots Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0884797A1
EP0884797A1 EP98401444A EP98401444A EP0884797A1 EP 0884797 A1 EP0884797 A1 EP 0884797A1 EP 98401444 A EP98401444 A EP 98401444A EP 98401444 A EP98401444 A EP 98401444A EP 0884797 A1 EP0884797 A1 EP 0884797A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiating
chutes
antenna according
plate
antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98401444A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bernard Dumont
Jean Chambrun
Bernard Perrier
Jaques Roquencourt
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Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0884797A1 publication Critical patent/EP0884797A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
    • H01Q21/005—Slotted waveguides arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49016—Antenna or wave energy "plumbing" making

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to antennas consisting of a network of radiating slots made in a wall of an assembly supply or signal collection waveguides microwave arranged side by side.
  • Such antennas are good known in the art in particular for their pointing ability by phase shift or frequency variation of microwave signals browsing their waveguides.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a slotted array antenna. radiant with low mass and low cost. A reduction in mass by compared to the conventional metal solution has indeed many advantages. It induces additional mass gains on the support antenna and in particular on its engine and its servomechanism when the antenna is mobile. It also makes it possible to mount the antenna on a light vehicle or even to equip an individual.
  • the chutes are obtained by hot deformation of coated thermoplastic composite strips on one side of a metallic skin.
  • the metallizations of the radiating plate and chutes are copper metallizations and the welding of chutes on the radiant tray is done between metallizations by means of a network of indium-lead solder tapes deposited on the plan metallization of the upper surface of the radiating plate in the zones opposite the edges of the chutes.
  • the upper plate as well as the troughs are made of a thermoplastic material and are assembled by simple pressure at a temperature close to that of the material softening thermoplastic.
  • the upper plate is a printed circuit one or more layers of conductors on which are mounted components of an electronic circuit connected to the antenna.
  • the radiant tray has, on its face outer, opposite its upper face supporting the metallic plane engraved radiant slots, other metallization areas bypassing the radiating slots and drawing conductors of wiring allowing the polarization of diodes placed astride the slots to control their electrical length.
  • the array antenna with radiating slits which will be described has a structure formed by the sandwiching of troughs 1 of delimitation of waveguides between a lower radiating plate 2 facing the openings of the troughs 1 and an upper plate of stiffening 3.
  • the radiating plate 2 is a printed circuit made of a material transparent to microwave with, on its upper face 20, a copper metallization plan 21 engraved with several alignments of slots 22 and with a set of metallizations on its underside constituting conductive tracks winding between the slots 22.
  • a network of indium-lead solder ribbons 23 is deposited on the plan metallization 21 of the upper face 20 of the radiating plate 2, of so that the ribbons 23 are parallel to the slot alignments 22 and arranged in pairs between each slot alignment.
  • This network delimits, in the metallization plane 21 of the upper face 20 of the radiating plate 2, metallization strips 24 centered each on an alignment of slots 22 and each corresponding to one of the metallized internal walls of a waveguide of which the other three metallized internal walls are materialized by a chute 1.
  • the troughs 1 have an interior metallization wall in copper. They have a flat bottom U-shaped cross section 10, with wings 11 with edges 12 folded horizontally outwards. The spacing of the folded edges 12 of the wings of the U corresponds to that of two ribbons 23 of indium-lead solder laterally bordering a alignment of slots 22.
  • the troughs are constituted for example, of a thermoplastic strip metallized on one side and shaped by hot deformation.
  • each chute 1 constitutes, with the strip 24 of the metallization plane 21 of the upper face of the radiating tray 2 which closes its opening, a slotted waveguide radiant.
  • the stiffening plate 3 is fixed to the backs of the troughs 1 in order to achieve with these and the radiating plate 2 a structure in sandwich greatly reducing the flexibility of the tray radiating and giving the antenna great rigidity.
  • He can be consisting of a strip of thermoplastic composite welded to the backs of the hot pressing trunking. It is advantageously, as shown in Figure 4, a multilayer printed circuit that can support electronic components on its outside face to the antenna.
  • the antenna waveguides are closed at both ends by short-circuits and suitable loads avoiding reflections.
  • Short circuits at the waveguide end can be obtained for example by means of a flat sheet of yarn of metal arranged transversely between the two large faces of the guide and welded through metallized holes. They can also be obtained by means of a metallized chute end wall on its internal face. Such a transverse end wall is then produced and shaped in the same way as the side walls of chute 11. This last solution can help make the guides watertight waves.
  • the excitation of the waveguides can be achieved by means of probes plunging into their conduit through openings made in the troughs 1, from the stiffening plate 3. It can also be carried out using a feed wave guide arranged perpendicular to the antenna waveguides on the outside of the stiffening plate 3. This feed wave guide is then made in the same technology as the antenna waveguides themselves, that is to say by means of a chute made of a plastic material to metallized inner wall, welded by its folded edges to a strip metallized engraved with slots on the outside of the stiffening 3, slots which come opposite openings made in the metallization of trunking 1.
  • Figures 5 and 6 detail a variant making it possible to reduce the distance between the antenna waveguides.
  • the troughs 1 have folded edges 12 crenellated appearing under the form of a succession of spaced legs 121, 122. Thanks to this shape and adequate longitudinal offset of their respective legs 121, 122, the folded edges 12 of two neighboring chutes 1 can be nested one inside the other, their legs coming to place one among the others. Their size thus decreases greatly, which is an advantage, when we try to bring the alignments of radiant slots to obtain a spacing of less than half the wavelength used guaranteeing an absence of network lobes.
  • Figure 7 details a radiating slot 22. This is overlapped in the middle by a short-circuit diode 26 allowing to adjust its electrical length.
  • the diode 26 is connected on one side to the metallization plane 21 of the radiating plate 2 and, on the other side to a connection pad 27 isolated from the metallization plane 21 of the plate radiating 2 but in contact by a metallic crossing 28 with a conductive track which is traced on the underside of the plate radiating 2 and winds between the radiating slots 22 in the direction one or more connectors placed on the edge of the radiating plate 2 centralizing the diode polarization commands.
  • a material solid dielectric such as foam
  • the interior of the troughs 1 so to improve the resistance of antenna 1 to attacks by the environment (humidity, ).
  • This solid dielectric filling has also the advantage of further improving the rigidity of the antenna. he can be put before the assembly of the antenna parts and constitute a element of the tool which is not removed or introduced afterwards, by example by expanding a foam or introducing a bar in dielectric material.
  • FIG. 1 which relates to an embodiment of the antenna at means of chutes 1 with folded edges 12 not crenellated, there is shown a double lead 23 indium solder tape between each alignment radiant slots 22.
  • This double ribbon can obviously be replaced by a single wider ribbon.
  • the various elements constituting the sandwich structure of the antenna come out of the technology of printed circuits. Like printed circuits, they are made up of strips of woven or non-woven dielectric materials, often based on glass fiber-thermoplastic resin composites or thermosetting, coated if necessary with metallization. During the description of the embodiment, it has been assumed that the strips used were based on hot adhesive thermoplastic resin. he therefore, no mention was made of the use of glue during assemblies. However, it is possible to use glues during assemblies to improve adhesions between layers or simply to achieve adhesion between layers when the resin used is not thermoplastic but simply thermosetting.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The aerial array with radiating slots is formed from a sandwich structure of integrated circuits. It includes a radiating plate (2) made of a microwave transparent printed circuit. On its upper face (20) this includes a metallised plane (21) in which there are etched radiation slot alignments (22). Above this metallised plane there are channels (1) made of plastic material, with an internal metallised wall facing the radiating plate (2). These are soldered by their edges (12) to the metallised plane (21), above and parallel to the alignments of radiating slots (22) in order to form the three missing walls of a waveguide behind each radiating slot. An upper plate (3) is fitted to the backs of the channels in order to provide rigidity for the aerial assembly.

Description

La présente invention concerne les antennes constituées d'un réseau de fentes rayonnantes pratiquées dans une paroi d'un ensemble de guides d'ondes d'alimentation ou de collecte de signal hyperfréquence disposés côte à côte. De telles antennes sont bien connues dans la technique notamment pour leur faculté de pointage par déphasages ou variation de fréquence des signaux hyperfréquence parcourant leurs guides d'ondes.The present invention relates to antennas consisting of a network of radiating slots made in a wall of an assembly supply or signal collection waveguides microwave arranged side by side. Such antennas are good known in the art in particular for their pointing ability by phase shift or frequency variation of microwave signals browsing their waveguides.

Ces antennes réseau à fentes rayonnantes ont d'habitude, une structure entièrement métallique, ce qui les rend complexes à fabriquer donc coûteuses, et lourdes donc difficiles à transporter et à mettre en oeuvre dans des équipements mobiles destinés à être montés sur des aéronefs, des véhicules terrestres ou même simplement transportés par des individus.These array antennas with radiating slits usually have a entirely metallic structure, which makes them complex to manufacture therefore expensive, and heavy therefore difficult to transport and to set up works in mobile equipment intended to be mounted on aircraft, land vehicles or even simply transported by individuals.

Il est connu par ailleurs, notamment par la demande de brevet français FR-A-2.722.337 (THOMSON-CSF), de réaliser des guides d'ondes à fentes à partir d'un matériau thermoplastique transparent aux hyperfréquences revêtu sur la paroi intérieure de leur conduit d'une peau métallique dans laquelle sont gravées les fentes rayonnantes. Cette technique de réalisation de guide d'ondes à fentes rayonnantes permet d'obtenir un matériau allégé et de moindre coût mais elle n'est pas directement utilisable pour les antennes réseau à fentes rayonnantes car il se pose des problèmes de rigidité de l'assemblage des guides d'ondes supportant les fentes rayonnantes qui implique l'utilisation d'un châssis rigide lourd et encombrant.It is also known, in particular from the patent application French FR-A-2.722.337 (THOMSON-CSF), to produce guides of slit waves from a thermoplastic material transparent to coated microwave on the inner wall of their duct metal in which the radiating slots are engraved. This technique for producing radiant slit waveguides allows obtain a lighter and lower cost material but it is not directly usable for network antennas with radiant slots because rigidity problems arise in the assembly of the waveguides supporting radiant slots which involves the use of a chassis rigid heavy and bulky.

L'idée de réaliser des guides d'ondes sans fentes à partir d'un conduit en une matière plastique telle qu'un chlorure de polyvinyle rigide ou un polyester stratifié, à paroi intérieure métallisée est également connue de manière beaucoup plus ancienne, par le brevet français FR-A-1.436.490 (GEOFFROY-DELORE).The idea of making waveguides without slots from a leads into a plastic material such as rigid polyvinyl chloride or a laminated polyester with a metallized inner wall is also known in a much older way, by French patent FR-A-1,436,490 (GEOFFROY-DELORE).

La présente invention a pour but une antenne réseau à fentes rayonnantes à faible masse et faible coût. Une réduction de masse par rapport à la solution métallique classique a en effet, de nombreux avantages. Elle induit des gains de masse additionnels sur le support d'antenne et notamment sur son moteur et son servomécanisme lorsque l'antenne est mobile. Elle rend aussi envisageable de monter l'antenne sur un véhicule léger ou même d'en équiper un individu.The object of the present invention is to provide a slotted array antenna. radiant with low mass and low cost. A reduction in mass by compared to the conventional metal solution has indeed many advantages. It induces additional mass gains on the support antenna and in particular on its engine and its servomechanism when the antenna is mobile. It also makes it possible to mount the antenna on a light vehicle or even to equip an individual.

Elle a pour objet une antenne réseau à fentes rayonnantes ayant une structure en sandwich avec :

  • un plateau rayonnant en circuit imprimé transparent aux hyperfréquences ayant, sur sa face supérieure, un plan de métallisation dans lequel sont gravés des alignements de fentes rayonnantes,
  • des goulottes en un matériau plastique à paroi intérieure métallisée, qui présentent leur partie creuse en regard de la face supérieure du plateau rayonnant, qui sont soudées par leurs bords au plan métallisé de la face supérieure du plateau rayonnant, sur et parallèlement aux alignements de fentes rayonnantes de manière à les chevaucher et qui reconstituent les trois parois manquantes de guides d'ondes dont la quatrième paroi est constituée par le plan métallisé gravé de fentes rayonnantes de la face supérieure du plateau rayonnant, et
  • un plateau supérieur assemblé aux dos des goulottes pour assurer la rigidité de l'antenne.
Its subject is a network antenna with radiating slits having a sandwich structure with:
  • a radiating plate in a transparent microwave circuit having, on its upper face, a metallization plane in which are aligned alignments of radiating slots,
  • chutes made of a plastic material with a metallized inner wall, which have their hollow part facing the upper face of the radiating plate, which are welded by their edges to the metallized plane of the upper face of the radiating plate, on and parallel to the alignments of slits radiating so as to overlap them and which reconstitute the three missing walls of waveguides, the fourth wall of which is constituted by the metallic plane engraved with radiating slots of the upper face of the radiating plate, and
  • an upper plate assembled at the back of the trunking to ensure the rigidity of the antenna.

Avantageusement, les goulottes sont obtenues par déformation à chaud de feuillards en composite thermoplastique revêtus sur une face d'une peau métallique.Advantageously, the chutes are obtained by hot deformation of coated thermoplastic composite strips on one side of a metallic skin.

Avantageusement, les métallisations du plateau rayonnant et des goulottes sont des métallisations au cuivre et la soudure des goulottes sur le plateau rayonnant se fait entre métallisations au moyen d'un réseau de rubans de brasure indium-plomb déposés sur le plan de métallisation de la face supérieure du plateau rayonnant dans les zones en regard des bords des goulottes.Advantageously, the metallizations of the radiating plate and chutes are copper metallizations and the welding of chutes on the radiant tray is done between metallizations by means of a network of indium-lead solder tapes deposited on the plan metallization of the upper surface of the radiating plate in the zones opposite the edges of the chutes.

Avantageusement, le plateau supérieur ainsi que les goulottes sont en un matériau thermoplastique et s'assemblent par simple pression à une température proche de celle de ramollissement du matériau thermoplastique.Advantageously, the upper plate as well as the troughs are made of a thermoplastic material and are assembled by simple pressure at a temperature close to that of the material softening thermoplastic.

Avantageusement, le plateau supérieur est un circuit imprimé à une ou plusieurs couches de conducteurs sur lequel sont montés des composants d'un circuit électronique raccordé à l'antenne. Advantageously, the upper plate is a printed circuit one or more layers of conductors on which are mounted components of an electronic circuit connected to the antenna.

Avantageusement, le plateau rayonnant présente, sur sa face extérieure, opposée à sa face supérieure supportant le plan métallisé gravé des fentes rayonnantes, d'autres plages de métallisation contournant les fentes rayonnantes et dessinant des conducteurs de câblage permettant la polarisation de diodes placées à cheval sur les fentes pour contrôler leur longueur électrique.Advantageously, the radiant tray has, on its face outer, opposite its upper face supporting the metallic plane engraved radiant slots, other metallization areas bypassing the radiating slots and drawing conductors of wiring allowing the polarization of diodes placed astride the slots to control their electrical length.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description ci-après d'un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple. Cette description sera faite en regard du dessin dans lequel :

  • une figure 1 illustre une antenne selon l'invention vue en perspective partielle et démontée,
  • une figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale partielle de l'antenne illustrée dans la figure 1,
  • une figure 3 illustre les principales étapes de fabrication d'une antenne selon l'invention,
  • une figure 4 est une vue en perspective arrière de l'antenne illustrée à la figure 1 après son assemblage,
  • une figure 5 est une vue en coupe transversale partielle d'une variante d'antenne selon l'invention présentant un espacement entre guides d'ondes particulièrement faible,
  • une figure 6 est une vue d'un détail de l'antenne illustrée à la figure 5, cerclé en IV, montrant un contour particulier adopté pour les bords rabattus de goulottes utilisées pour la réalisation d'un réseau de guides d'ondes dans l'antenne, et
  • une figure 7 est une vue d'un détail de la figure 4 illustrant une configuration possible pour une fente rayonnante de l'antenne.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description below of an embodiment given by way of example. This description will be made with reference to the drawing in which:
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an antenna according to the invention seen in partial perspective and dismantled,
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the antenna illustrated in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the main steps in manufacturing an antenna according to the invention,
  • FIG. 4 is a rear perspective view of the antenna illustrated in FIG. 1 after it has been assembled,
  • FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of an alternative antenna according to the invention having a particularly small spacing between waveguides,
  • FIG. 6 is a view of a detail of the antenna illustrated in FIG. 5, circled in IV, showing a particular contour adopted for the folded edges of troughs used for the production of a network of waveguides in the 'antenna, and
  • Figure 7 is a detail view of Figure 4 illustrating a possible configuration for a radiating slot of the antenna.

L'antenne réseau à fentes rayonnantes qui va être décrite a une structure formée de la mise en sandwich de goulottes 1 de délimitation de guides d'ondes entre un plateau rayonnant inférieur 2 tourné vers les ouvertures des goulottes 1 et un plateau supérieur de rigidification 3.The array antenna with radiating slits which will be described has a structure formed by the sandwiching of troughs 1 of delimitation of waveguides between a lower radiating plate 2 facing the openings of the troughs 1 and an upper plate of stiffening 3.

Le plateau rayonnant 2 est un circuit imprimé en un matériau transparent aux hyperfréquences avec, sur sa face supérieure 20, un plan de métallisation en cuivre 21 gravé de plusieurs alignements de fentes 22 et avec un ensemble de métallisations sur sa face inférieure constituant des pistes conductrices serpentant entre les fentes 22. Un réseau de rubans 23 de brasure indium-plomb est déposé sur le plan de métallisation 21 de la face supérieure 20 du plateau rayonnant 2, de manière que les rubans 23 soient parallèles aux alignements de fentes 22 et disposés par paire entre chaque alignement de fente. Ce réseau délimite, dans le plan de métallisation 21 de la face supérieure 20 du plateau rayonnant 2, des bandes de métallisation 24 centrées chacune sur un alignement de fentes 22 et correspondant chacune à l'une des parois internes métallisées d'un guide d'ondes dont les trois autres parois internes métallisées sont matérialisées par une goulotte 1.The radiating plate 2 is a printed circuit made of a material transparent to microwave with, on its upper face 20, a copper metallization plan 21 engraved with several alignments of slots 22 and with a set of metallizations on its underside constituting conductive tracks winding between the slots 22. A network of indium-lead solder ribbons 23 is deposited on the plan metallization 21 of the upper face 20 of the radiating plate 2, of so that the ribbons 23 are parallel to the slot alignments 22 and arranged in pairs between each slot alignment. This network delimits, in the metallization plane 21 of the upper face 20 of the radiating plate 2, metallization strips 24 centered each on an alignment of slots 22 and each corresponding to one of the metallized internal walls of a waveguide of which the other three metallized internal walls are materialized by a chute 1.

Les goulottes 1 présentent une paroi intérieure à métallisation en cuivre. Elles ont une section transversale en U à fond plat 10, avec des ailes 11 à bords 12 rabattus à l'horizontal vers l'extérieur. L'écartement des bords rabattus 12 des ailes du U correspond à celui de deux rubans 23 de brasure indium-plomb bordant latéralement un alignement de fentes 22. Les goulottes sont constituées par exemple, d'un feuillard thermoplastique métallisé sur une face et mis en forme par déformation à chaud. Chacune d'elles vient se positionner en regard d'un alignement de fentes 22 sur le plan de métallisation 21 de la face supérieure 20 du plateau rayonnant 2, avec son ouverture tournée en regard du plan de métallisation 21 de la face supérieure 20 du plateau rayonnant 2, de manière à chevaucher un alignement de fentes 22 et à avoir ses bords rabattus 12 venant au contact de deux rubans 23 de brasure indium-plomb. Une fois soudée au plan de métallisation 21 du plateau rayonnant 2 par pressage à chaud de ses bords rabattus 12 sur les rubans 23 de brasure indium-plomb, chaque goulotte 1 constitue, avec la bande 24 du plan de métallisation 21 de la face supérieure du plateau rayonnant 2 qui ferme son ouverture, un guide d'ondes à fentes rayonnantes.The troughs 1 have an interior metallization wall in copper. They have a flat bottom U-shaped cross section 10, with wings 11 with edges 12 folded horizontally outwards. The spacing of the folded edges 12 of the wings of the U corresponds to that of two ribbons 23 of indium-lead solder laterally bordering a alignment of slots 22. The troughs are constituted for example, of a thermoplastic strip metallized on one side and shaped by hot deformation. Each of them is positioned opposite an alignment of slots 22 on the metallization plane 21 of the face upper 20 of the radiating plate 2, with its opening turned in look of the metallization plane 21 of the upper face 20 of the plate radiating 2, so as to overlap an alignment of slots 22 and have its folded edges 12 coming into contact with two ribbons 23 of indium-lead solder. Once welded to the metallization plane 21 of the radiating plate 2 by hot pressing of its folded edges 12 on the ribbons 23 of indium-lead solder, each chute 1 constitutes, with the strip 24 of the metallization plane 21 of the upper face of the radiating tray 2 which closes its opening, a slotted waveguide radiant.

Le plateau de rigidification 3 est fixé aux dos des goulottes 1 afin de réaliser avec celles-ci et le plateau rayonnant 2 une structure en sandwich réduisant dans une grande proportion la flexibilité du plateau rayonnant et donnant à l'antenne une grande rigidité. Il peut être constitué d'un feuillard en composite thermoplastique soudé aux dos des goulottes par pressage à chaud. C'est avantageusement, comme représenté à la figure 4, un circuit imprimé multicouche pouvant supporter des composants électroniques sur sa face extérieure à l'antenne.The stiffening plate 3 is fixed to the backs of the troughs 1 in order to achieve with these and the radiating plate 2 a structure in sandwich greatly reducing the flexibility of the tray radiating and giving the antenna great rigidity. He can be consisting of a strip of thermoplastic composite welded to the backs of the hot pressing trunking. It is advantageously, as shown in Figure 4, a multilayer printed circuit that can support electronic components on its outside face to the antenna.

La figure 3 illustre les principales étapes de fabrication d'une antenne, avec :

  • en a) l'assemblage d'un feuillard composite thermoplastique tissé 13 tel que ceux utilisés dans la fabrication des circuits imprimés et d'une mince feuille de cuivre 14 par simple pressage à chaud à une température proche de la température de ramollissement du composite thermoplastique,
  • en b) la feuille stratifiée 15 obtenue,
  • en c) la goulotte obtenue par formage au moyen d'un pressage à chaud de la feuille stratifiée 15 entre les mâchoires 16 et 17 d'un gabarit, et
  • en d) l'assemblage de la structure en sandwich de l'antenne par maintien de ses éléments en place au moyen de barres de gabarit 18 et 19 positionnées avec précision sur la face supérieure du plateau rayonnant à l'aide de picots et de trous de centrage non représentés placés en extrémités des barres de gabarit 18 et 19, et la soudure et le collage des éléments mis en place par un pressage à chaud entre deux mâchoires 25, 35 à une température supérieure à celle de fusion de la brasure indium-plomb, proche de la température de ramollissement du matériau thermoplastique constituant les goulottes.
Figure 3 illustrates the main stages in the fabrication of an antenna, with:
  • in a) assembling a woven thermoplastic composite strip 13 such as those used in the manufacture of printed circuits and a thin copper sheet 14 by simple hot pressing at a temperature close to the softening temperature of the thermoplastic composite ,
  • in b) the laminated sheet 15 obtained,
  • in c) the chute obtained by forming by means of hot pressing of the laminated sheet 15 between the jaws 16 and 17 of a template, and
  • in d) assembling the sandwich structure of the antenna by holding its elements in place by means of template bars 18 and 19 precisely positioned on the upper face of the radiating plate using pins and holes centering not shown placed at the ends of the template bars 18 and 19, and the welding and gluing of the elements put in place by hot pressing between two jaws 25, 35 at a temperature higher than that of melting of the indium solder- lead, close to the softening temperature of the thermoplastic material constituting the chutes.

Les guides d'ondes de l'antenne sont fermés à leurs deux extrémités par des courts-circuits et des charges adaptées évitant les réflexions. Les courts-circuits en extrémité de guide d'ondes peuvent être obtenus par exemple au moyen d'une nappe plane de fils métalliques disposés transversalement entre les deux grandes faces du guide et soudés au travers de trous métallisés. Ils peuvent également être obtenus au moyen d'une paroi d'extrémité de goulotte métallisée sur sa face interne. Une telle paroi transversale d'extrémité est alors réalisée et mise en forme de la même façon que les parois latérales de goulotte 11. Cette dernière solution peut aider à rendre les guides d'ondes étanches. The antenna waveguides are closed at both ends by short-circuits and suitable loads avoiding reflections. Short circuits at the waveguide end can be obtained for example by means of a flat sheet of yarn of metal arranged transversely between the two large faces of the guide and welded through metallized holes. They can also be obtained by means of a metallized chute end wall on its internal face. Such a transverse end wall is then produced and shaped in the same way as the side walls of chute 11. This last solution can help make the guides watertight waves.

L'excitation des guides d'ondes peut être réalisée au moyen de sondes plongeant dans leur conduit aux travers d'ouvertures pratiquées dans les goulottes 1, depuis la plaque de rigidification 3. Elle peut aussi être réalisée à l'aide d'un guide d'ondes d'alimentation disposé perpendiculairement aux guides d'ondes d'antenne sur la face extérieure du plateau de rigidification 3. Ce guide d'ondes d'alimentation est alors réalisé dans la même technologie que les guides d'ondes d'antenne eux-mêmes, c'est-à-dire au moyen d'une goulotte en un matériau plastique à paroi intérieure métallisée, soudée par ses bords rabattus à une bande métallisée gravée de fentes de la face extérieure du plateau de rigidification 3, fentes qui viennent en regard d'ouvertures pratiquées dans la métallisation des goulottes 1.The excitation of the waveguides can be achieved by means of probes plunging into their conduit through openings made in the troughs 1, from the stiffening plate 3. It can also be carried out using a feed wave guide arranged perpendicular to the antenna waveguides on the outside of the stiffening plate 3. This feed wave guide is then made in the same technology as the antenna waveguides themselves, that is to say by means of a chute made of a plastic material to metallized inner wall, welded by its folded edges to a strip metallized engraved with slots on the outside of the stiffening 3, slots which come opposite openings made in the metallization of trunking 1.

Les figures 5 et 6 détaillent une variante permettant de réduire la distance entre les guides d'ondes de l'antenne. Selon cette variante, les goulottes 1 ont des bords rabattus 12 crénelés se présentant sous la forme d'une succession de pattes espacées 121, 122. Grâce à cette forme et à un décalage longitudinal adéquat de leurs pattes respectives 121, 122, les bords rabattus 12 de deux goulottes voisines 1 peuvent être emboítés l'un dans l'autre, leurs pattes venant se placer les unes entre les autres. Leur encombrement diminue ainsi grandement, ce qui est un avantage, lorsque l'on cherche à rapprocher les alignements de fentes rayonnantes pour obtenir un écartement inférieur à la moitié de la longueur d'ondes utilisée garantissant une absence de lobes de réseau.Figures 5 and 6 detail a variant making it possible to reduce the distance between the antenna waveguides. According to this variant, the troughs 1 have folded edges 12 crenellated appearing under the form of a succession of spaced legs 121, 122. Thanks to this shape and adequate longitudinal offset of their respective legs 121, 122, the folded edges 12 of two neighboring chutes 1 can be nested one inside the other, their legs coming to place one among the others. Their size thus decreases greatly, which is an advantage, when we try to bring the alignments of radiant slots to obtain a spacing of less than half the wavelength used guaranteeing an absence of network lobes.

La figure 7 détaille une fente rayonnante 22. Celle-ci est chevauchée en son milieu par une diode de court-circuit 26 permettant d'ajuster sa longueur électrique. La diode 26 est raccordée d'un côté au plan de métallisation 21 du plateau rayonnant 2 et, de l'autre côté à une plage de connexion 27 isolée du plan de métallisation 21 du plateau rayonnant 2 mais en contact par une traversée métallique 28 avec une piste conductrice qui est tracée sur la face inférieure du plateau rayonnant 2 et serpente entre les fentes rayonnantes 22 en direction d'un ou plusieurs connecteurs placés en bordure du plateau rayonnant 2 centralisant les commandes de polarisation des diodes.Figure 7 details a radiating slot 22. This is overlapped in the middle by a short-circuit diode 26 allowing to adjust its electrical length. The diode 26 is connected on one side to the metallization plane 21 of the radiating plate 2 and, on the other side to a connection pad 27 isolated from the metallization plane 21 of the plate radiating 2 but in contact by a metallic crossing 28 with a conductive track which is traced on the underside of the plate radiating 2 and winds between the radiating slots 22 in the direction one or more connectors placed on the edge of the radiating plate 2 centralizing the diode polarization commands.

En variante, il est possible de remplir d'un matériau diélectrique solide tel qu'une mousse, l'intérieur des goulottes 1 afin d'améliorer la résistance de l'antenne 1 aux agressions de l'environnement (humidité,...). Ce remplissage de diélectrique solide a également l'avantage d'améliorer encore la rigidité de l'antenne. Il peut être mis avant l'assemblage des pièces de l'antenne et constituer un élément de l'outillage qui n'est pas enlevé ou être introduit après, par exemple par expansion d'une mousse ou introduction d'une barre en matériau diélectrique.Alternatively, it is possible to fill with a material solid dielectric such as foam, the interior of the troughs 1 so to improve the resistance of antenna 1 to attacks by the environment (humidity, ...). This solid dielectric filling has also the advantage of further improving the rigidity of the antenna. he can be put before the assembly of the antenna parts and constitute a element of the tool which is not removed or introduced afterwards, by example by expanding a foam or introducing a bar in dielectric material.

Sur la figure 1 qui est relative à une réalisation de l'antenne au moyen de goulottes 1 à bords rabattus 12 non crénelés, on a représenté un double ruban de brasure indium plomb 23 entre chaque alignement de fentes rayonnantes 22. Ce double ruban peut bien évidemment être remplacé par un seul ruban plus large.In FIG. 1 which relates to an embodiment of the antenna at means of chutes 1 with folded edges 12 not crenellated, there is shown a double lead 23 indium solder tape between each alignment radiant slots 22. This double ribbon can obviously be replaced by a single wider ribbon.

Comme on vient de le voir, les différents éléments constituant la structure en sandwich de l'antenne : les plateaux rayonnant et de rigidification ainsi que les goulottes ressortent de la technologie des circuits imprimés. Comme les circuits imprimés, ils sont constitués de feuillards de matériaux diélectriques tissés ou non tissés, souvent à base de composites fibres de verre-résine thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable, revêtus au besoin d'une métallisation. Au cours de la description du mode de réalisation, on a supposé que les feuillards utilisés étaient à base de résine thermoplastique autocollante à chaud. Il n'a donc pas été mention d'utilisation de colle lors des assemblages. Cependant, il est possible de recourir à des colles lors des assemblages pour améliorer les adhérences entre couches ou simplement pour réaliser l'adhérence entre couches lorsque la résine utilisée n'est pas thermoplastique mais simplement thermodurcissable.As we have just seen, the various elements constituting the sandwich structure of the antenna: the radiating and stiffening as well as the chutes come out of the technology of printed circuits. Like printed circuits, they are made up of strips of woven or non-woven dielectric materials, often based on glass fiber-thermoplastic resin composites or thermosetting, coated if necessary with metallization. During the description of the embodiment, it has been assumed that the strips used were based on hot adhesive thermoplastic resin. he therefore, no mention was made of the use of glue during assemblies. However, it is possible to use glues during assemblies to improve adhesions between layers or simply to achieve adhesion between layers when the resin used is not thermoplastic but simply thermosetting.

De la même manière, on n'a mentionné que des métallisations à base de cuivre, mais il est bien évident que des métallisations à base d'autres métaux peuvent être envisagées et notamment à base de tous les métaux et alliages utilisés en hyperfréquence.In the same way, we only mentioned metallizations based on copper, but it is obvious that metallizations based on other metals can be envisaged and in particular based on all metals and alloys used in microwave.

Claims (12)

Antenne réseau à fentes rayonnantes caractérisée en ce qu'elle a une structure en sandwich avec : un plateau rayonnant (2) en circuit imprimé transparent aux hyperfréquences ayant, sur sa face supérieure (20), un plan de métallisation (21) dans lequel sont gravés des alignements de fentes rayonnantes (22), des goulottes (1) en un matériau plastique, à paroi intérieure métallisée, qui présentent leur partie creuse en regard du plateau rayonnant (2), qui sont soudées par leurs bords (12) au plan de métallisation (21) de la face supérieure (20) du plateau rayonnant (2), sur et parallèlement aux alignements de fentes rayonnantes (22) de manière à les chevaucher et qui reconstituent les trois parois manquantes de guides d'ondes dont la quatrième paroi est constituée par le plan de métallisation (21) gravé de fentes rayonnantes (22) de la face supérieure (20) du plateau rayonnant (2), et un plateau supérieur (3) assemblé aux dos des goulottes (1) pour assurer la rigidité de l'antenne. Array antenna with radiating slits characterized in that it has a sandwich structure with: a radiating plate (2) in transparent microwave circuit board having, on its upper face (20), a metallization plane (21) in which are aligned alignments of radiating slots (22), chutes (1) made of a plastic material, with a metallized inner wall, which have their hollow part facing the radiating plate (2), which are welded by their edges (12) to the metallization plane (21) of the upper face ( 20) of the radiating plate (2), on and parallel to the alignments of radiating slots (22) so as to overlap them and which reconstitute the three missing walls of waveguides, the fourth wall of which is formed by the metallization plane (21 ) engraved with radiating slots (22) of the upper face (20) of the radiating plate (2), and an upper plate (3) assembled at the back of the troughs (1) to ensure the rigidity of the antenna. Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que lesdites goulottes (1) présentent des bords rabattus (12) crénelés formant une succession de pattes espacées longitudinalement (121, 122), les pattes respectives (121, 122) des bords rabattus en vis à vis de deux goulottes (1) placées côte à côte étant décalées les unes par rapport aux autres afin de pouvoir s'emboíter les unes entre les autres et réduire l'espacement entre goulottes (1).Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that said chutes (1) have folded edges (12) crenellated forming a succession of legs spaced apart longitudinally (121, 122), the respective tabs (121, 122) of the folded edges opposite two chutes (1) placed side by side being offset one by relation to others in order to be able to fit together and reduce the spacing between chutes (1). Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que lesdites goulottes (1) sont remplies d'un matériau diélectrique solide.Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that said chutes (1) are filled with a solid dielectric material. Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que lesdites goulottes (1) sont fermées à leurs extrémités par une paroi rabattue. Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that said chutes (1) are closed at their ends by a wall folded down. Antenne selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que ladite paroi rabattue est revêtue sur sa face interne d'une peau métallique et constitue un court-circuit électrique pour les ondes.Antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that said folded wall is coated on its internal face with a skin metallic and constitutes an electric short circuit for the waves. Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que lesdites goulottes (1) sont équipées à leurs extrémités d'une nappe plane transversale de fils métalliques joignant leur fond à la paroi supérieure en regard du plateau rayonnant (2) et constituant un court-circuit électrique pour les ondes.Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that said chutes (1) are equipped at their ends with a flat sheet transverse of metallic wires joining their bottom to the upper wall in sight of the radiating plate (2) and constituting an electric short circuit for the waves. Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les goulottes (1) résultent de la déformation à chaud d'un feuillard en plastique (13) revêtu, sur une face, d'une peau métallique (14).Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the chutes (1) result from the hot deformation of a strip in plastic (13) coated on one side with a metallic skin (14). Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les métallisations du plateau rayonnant (2) et des goulottes (1) sont des métallisations au cuivre et en ce que la soudure des bords (12) des goulottes (1) sur le plateau rayonnant (2) se fait entre métallisations au moyen d'un réseau de rubans (23) de brasure indium-plomb déposés sur le plan de métallisation (21) de la face supérieure (20) du plateau rayonnant (2) dans les zones en regard des bords (12) des goulottes (1).Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the metallizations of the radiating plate (2) and the trunking (1) are copper metallizations and in that the welding of the edges (12) of the troughs (1) on the radiating plate (2) is made between metallizations at by means of a network of indium-lead solder tapes (23) deposited on the metallization plane (21) of the upper face (20) of the plate radiating (2) in the areas opposite the edges (12) of the troughs (1). Antenne selon la revendication 1, avec des diodes de court-circuit (26) placées à cheval sur les fentes rayonnantes (22) pour en contrôler la longueur électrique, caractérisée en ce que la face inférieure du plateau rayonnant (2) est équipée de pistes conductrices qui serpentent entre les fentes rayonnantes (22), depuis les bords de chaque fente rayonnante (22) jusqu'au bords du plateau rayonnant (2) pour centraliser les commandes de polarisation desdites diodes de court-circuit (26).Antenna according to claim 1, with short circuit diodes (26) placed astride the radiating slots (22) to check the electrical length, characterized in that the underside of the radiating plate (2) is equipped with conductive tracks which meander between the radiating slots (22), from the edges of each radiant slot (22) up to the edges of the radiating plate (2) to centralize the polarization commands of said short-circuit diodes (26). Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le plateau supérieur de rigidification (3) est un circuit imprimé supportant sur sa face extérieure à l'antenne, des composants électroniques. Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper stiffening plate (3) is a printed circuit supporting on its outside face to the antenna, electronic components. Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les goulottes (1) sont constituées d'un feuillard en composite fibres de verre-résine thermoplastique (13) revêtu sur une face d'une feuille métallique (14) et déformé à chaud.Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the chutes (1) consist of a strip of fiber composite glass-thermoplastic resin (13) coated on one side with a sheet metallic (14) and hot deformed. Antenne selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que l'assemblage du plateau supérieure de rigidification (3) aux dos des goulottes se fait par simple pression à chaud, à une température voisine de la température de ramollissement de la résine thermoplastique des goulottes (1).Antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that the assembly of the upper stiffening plate (3) on the backs of the chutes are made by simple hot pressure, at a similar temperature the softening temperature of the thermoplastic resin chutes (1).
EP98401444A 1997-06-13 1998-06-12 Antenna array with radiating slots Withdrawn EP0884797A1 (en)

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FR9707354A FR2764739B1 (en) 1997-06-13 1997-06-13 NETWORK ANTENNA WITH RADIANT SLOTS
FR9707354 1997-06-13

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