EP0884420A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung für einen sich Seitwärts- und Rutschkräften entgegenstellenden Gründungskörper - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung für einen sich Seitwärts- und Rutschkräften entgegenstellenden Gründungskörper Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0884420A1
EP0884420A1 EP98430017A EP98430017A EP0884420A1 EP 0884420 A1 EP0884420 A1 EP 0884420A1 EP 98430017 A EP98430017 A EP 98430017A EP 98430017 A EP98430017 A EP 98430017A EP 0884420 A1 EP0884420 A1 EP 0884420A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
base
ground
anchoring
anchor
line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98430017A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Charles-Alain Castola
René LAUGEOIS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tecnivalor
Original Assignee
Tecnivalor
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tecnivalor filed Critical Tecnivalor
Publication of EP0884420A1 publication Critical patent/EP0884420A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/50—Anchored foundations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/60—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs
    • E01F9/658—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs characterised by means for fixing
    • E01F9/673—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs characterised by means for fixing for holding sign posts or the like
    • E01F9/685—Subsoil means, e.g. foundations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/28—Stressing the soil or the foundation structure while forming foundations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/803—Ground anchors with pivotable anchoring members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/808—Ground anchors anchored by using exclusively a bonding material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and device anchoring in the ground opposing lateral forces and sliding.
  • the technical sector of the invention is the field of media for fixing to position and resume the forces that can be transmitted by any device, object or work that we want to install on any surface of any soil according to a location, a height, a coast and a desired inclination relative to it.
  • One of the main applications of the invention is the fixing above ground from foundations made therein for aerial structures whose vertical stability is to be ensured and horizontal and / or level and trim adjustment, such as cabins telephone, poles like those of traffic signs, pylons of telephone or electric lines, points of guy lines, children's games, foundations for planets, etc ... and more particularly when you want to get a good foundation or fixing resistance even in case of bad tensile strength of the soil alone, even in the case of soft ground.
  • the known bases are quite unsightly bulky because they therefore comprise, in addition to a sole supporting the ground surface, all the elements, on the one hand recovery of forces of the anchor line (such as an elastic element integral with the end thereof), and on the other hand the fastening elements of the structure (which this base will receive alone or in combination with other bases).
  • An aerial work is subject to different stresses such as in particular the action of the wind exerted perpendicular to a wall of the structure, to mechanical actions due to everyday use (or stress tests on a wall) of the structure, as well as the vertical forces due to the weight of the work (or others); so according to the types and forms of works of such requests generate more or less important reactions on the foundation, such as in general a tensile force stressing the anchors and the ground, a compressive force stressing the bases and the ground and lateral forces which result in the sliding of bases.
  • anchors in hard ground such as by example for concrete foundations
  • anchor lines in hard ground such as by example for concrete foundations
  • anchor line titanium rod, threaded rod, reinforcement of the concrete itself
  • shear forces as for anchor lines in loose soils requiring soil prestressing, they are not not adapted and that all the more so as being perfectly embedded in hard ground, this shear force is even greater at the ground surface, which then requires precisely and also a base placed on it.
  • the problem posed and resolved in the present invention is thus to ability to perform (without special preparation and even preferentially without concrete block), an attachment of a device or a structure by relation to the ground, whatever the nature, and even if its own resistance is weak, of this one, its surface state and its inclination and that one wants to position according to a given position while supporting greater effort than the weight of the structure, especially for lateral forces, and without its position relative to this surface being modified, so in particular without sliding, and this in a way almost definitive and durable while being compact on the ground surface; said fixing according to the invention must also be suitable for receiving a device or a work, which itself can be of a fairly large footprint relative to this surface, requiring then several supports or supports; these must be able to be fixed by an anchoring device in the ground to allow fixing directly and only on its surface; and that with an implementation easy and fast for a reduced cost price, a simple and reliable while being aesthetic.
  • said part is placed bottom of the base in the orifice opening to the surface of the ground of the positioning hole, so that the upper part of the body the base, that is to say at the level of the ground surface and it is secured above this upper part a support plate by at least three feet fixed in said base body and from which the height is adjusted and the inclination of said plate relative to said ground surface.
  • the lower part of the base constitutes the body thereof which forms a kind of boss and can be completely embedded and buried beneath the ground surface; but by against if the ground is not hard enough it could deform under the filling material pressure: a base body is then used the upper part of which has a peripheral crown sole that you bring to bear on the surface of the ground when you pull the anchor line and compress the said material filling; such a peripheral crown can of course be used even if it is less necessary when the ground is hard.
  • the embedding in the ground, at least of the part lower part of the base, on the upper part of which comes next position and fix the aerial structure allows the transmission of lateral forces due to said structure directly on the ground by lateral support of this recessed part of the base body against the walls of the hole positioning without transmitting shear force to the line anchor itself: thus the abutment of the anchor line and the recessed part of the base in the installation hole, (whether it is drilled with the same diameter as that necessary for the installation of a anchoring means at the end of the anchoring line, or of a larger diameter great when the anchor line is itself the anchor means blocked directly or indirectly in the soil that surrounds it, or the wake an anchor that serves as a drilling device), added to the grip soles on the ground allow slip resistance, the resumption of lateral forces; this resistance depends on the point of application, of the coefficient of friction of the ground with respect to the face bottom of the base plate, the shape of the structure and its weight, tension of anchor line, cross-sectional area right of the lower part of the
  • the bases according to the invention have several functions important. They provide the interface for fixing and adjusting the structure in relation to the anchors, allow the recovery of the efforts of traction and compression (due to tilting of the structure) and lateral (due to the sliding of the structure) and in the particular application on the ground furniture, they are necessary for fixing the anchor lines and for soil prestressing.
  • the base reduces the size thereof above the ground: all the elements it includes such as especially the elastic element and the fastening elements which may not protrude from the ground surface.
  • base elements as thus defined can be integrated in any other base already known or even in the base of the work itself or through a plate or as telescopic type foot support etc.
  • An example of implementation of the method according to the invention is very simple since it suffices to carry out a borehole in which the anchoring means such as that described in the patent application already cited WO 9612068, therefore filling the borehole with a given material above this anchoring means, position the following base the invention in the drilling hole thus filled, to pull on the line anchoring and thus on the one hand to compress the filling material, the lower part of the body of the base then making piston, and other part of blocking the anchoring means in the ground, thus creating the massive foundation desired by prestressing the ground, adjusting the horizontality or the inclination of the support plate of the structure as described below and finally fix the work itself.
  • the anchoring means such as that described in the patent application already cited WO 9612068
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view in loose soil of an example anchoring device according to the invention positioned to receive a work and represented with as anchor an anchor appearing in perspective.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view, according to another mode of embodiment as that of FIG. 1, of a base according to the invention and in the same configuration.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of an anchoring device complete assembled like that according to figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a work shown here by a telephone box, fixed to the ground by four devices anchor according to the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a sectional view in the ground which may be movable or hard of a device according to the invention shown here with a means particular anchor.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B show on the one hand a side view in section in the ground of an example of a base arranged at the bottom of a excavation and on the other hand a top view of it when put in place.
  • Figure 7 is also a sectional side view in the ground another example of a fully recessed base particularly suitable for fixing the stay cable.
  • Figure 8 is a side sectional view still in the ground for a base with the foot of the structure directly serving as a sole support.
  • the anchoring device comprises of a known manner at least one body 1, of an anchor line 2 connecting said body 12 of the base 1 to an anchoring means 3 in the ground 4 and a elastic element 8 of force recovery interposed between the end of the anchor line 2 opposite to that connecting it to anchor means 3 and said base body 12.
  • the lower part 12 3 of the base 1 is a boss capable of transmitting and resuming the traction and compression forces, vertical and horizontal, including those of the anchor line 2 whose end 6 threaded crosses the base 1 through a central passage 14 and against which it is therefore pressed, fixed and tensioned by a washer and nut assembly 16 screwed onto its threaded part.
  • This boss 12 3 is of recessed shape in an orifice of compatible dimension which is therefore that of the end of the driving hole 11 which is either pre-drilled before lowering the anchoring means 3 therein, or produced by the direct driving of this one in the soil 4; said lower part 12 3 of the base 1 has a lower bearing surface 12 2 oriented on the side opposite to the end 6 of the anchoring line, and according to the exemplary embodiments of FIGS.
  • the body 12 of the base may thus not or only slightly protrude from the surface of the ground 24 and the structure 5 is integrally fixed on the body 12 of said base, which can, moreover, even be integrated into the structure itself , and therefore not being directly connected to the anchor line 6, does not transmit any lateral force to it; it is further protected by a clearance in the orifice it passes through in the lower part 12 3 of the base which it therefore does not touch, and not the elastic element 8 which serves as a shock absorber and keeps in tension.
  • the jacking or drilling hole 11 is filled with a dense and almost incompressible material 27 such as crushed rock or fairly coarse-grained sand or grain of rice or even cement.
  • This incompressible filling material 27 being compressed by the piston effect between the lower surface 12 2 of the base 1 and the anchoring means 3, undergoes a pressure P and laterally transmits a pressure p to the entire soil mass 4 surrounding, thus ensuring resistance to the desired anchoring force without even the upper part of the base 1 as shown in Figures 2 and 5, bear on the surface of the ground 24 as far as this surface is compact enough not to deform.
  • the upper part 12 1 of the base 1 may however, especially when the ground 4 is too loose and as shown in FIGS. 1, 6 and 7 in the peripheral crown, a sole 7; the latter then preferably further comprises a peripheral groove on its lower surface which can come to bear against the surface of the ground 4, and in which is disposed a lining 22 of elastic material possibly of the same type as that used for the elastic element 8 1 ; this can also be constituted by a spring 8 2 as shown in half section in FIG. 1.
  • said first sole 7 then forming part of the body 12 of the base 1, can also be arranged, by interlocking reciprocal thanks to complementary conical shapes 32 converging towards the ground surface 24, a counter sole 20 so further increase the bearing surface on the surface 24 when the ground 4 is too soft and in order to reduce the pressing pressure on it: thus increases the resistance of the massive 4 preloaded between said base 12 and the anchoring means 3.
  • the foot of the structure 5 directly serves as a sole 20 to the base 1 to which it is fixed by any non-connecting means shown in the figure or even can be integrated into said sole 20 and even made in one piece with it, and can accommodate several bosses 12 and associated anchor lines: these are thus blocked on the foot 5 of the structure by means of the damping blocks 8 in elastomer or other materials, and the foot of the work is in abutment lateral by said bosses 12 embedded in the ground 4 without stressing laterally the anchor lines.
  • the lower part 12 3 of said base, embedded in the hole for driving or drilling 11 is preferably a cylinder therefore forming a kind of boss whose outside diameter is almost equal to that inside of the hole 11 for driving in the ground 4 to through which the anchoring means 3 is lowered with its anchoring line 2; said lower part 12 3 could also be of slightly conical shape diverging towards the surface 24, and for example of small diameter less than that of the orifice 11 and of large diameter greater than this, in order to penetrate into said orifice of the hole by pressing on the walls of the latter and laterally compressing the soil all around, which can increase the strength of the soil near the surface.
  • the anchoring device may include also according to the representations of FIGS. 1 and 2 at least three feet 18, one end of which is fixed to the base 1 and the other end receives a support plate 9 of the structure 5.
  • Said feet 18 can either be 18 studs screwed to their lower part in the body base 12, i.e. screws placed in holes from below of the upper part 12 of the base body when the latter comprises a peripheral crown 7 forming the sole as shown in the Figure 1: in this case a locking nut 21 takes in vice with the screw head said sole 7 to immobilize said screws 18 relative to at base 12.
  • two nuts 17 are screwed so that, on the one hand, one 17 1 bears on said plate 9 which is thus guided and threaded on said ends of the feet 18 and on the other hand the other 17 2 immobilizes it by taking in a vice with the previous 17 1 this plate 9.
  • All of these mechanical adjustment elements can be concealed, for aesthetics and to avoid liquid flows inside the base 12, either by a rubber type bellows 26 as shown in FIG. 1, or by a flexible sleeve cut on demand, either by a ferrule forming a peripheral skirt 25 and surrounding said feet 18; such a ferrule can be made of light, rigid or semi-rigid material, integral with or even molded from the same material as the plate 9 and the length of which is adjustable as a function of that of said feet 18: this can be obtained either by nested elements into each other, for example by means of breakable elements 25 as shown in FIG. 2 to adapt it on site to the correct height h.
  • Bores or clearances 19 can be made in the upper part of the support plate or connecting plate 9 with the structure 5 in order to leave the passage of the upper nuts 17 2 so that they do not protrude from the upper surface of said plate, and do not interfere with the support of the work 5.
  • Filling material such as mortar for example 23 can also be poured inside the protective shell 25 between the plate 9 and the lower part 12 3 of the base also filling the cavity 15 located above the elastic element 8 thus immobilizing all of said mechanical parts while protecting them.
  • the base 1 can be placed in an excavation 33 made under the surface of the ground 24 on which the structure 5 is to be located and has a sole 7 with or without an additional plate 20 1 to increase the bearing surface of the base as with the counter sole 20 of FIG. 1: the lower part 12 3 or boss of said base body 1 penetrates the driving hole 11 anchoring means 3 at the bottom of the excavation 33.
  • a double resistance to lateral forces is obtained, thanks on the one hand to said boss 12 3 penetrating the borehole 11 and on the other hand to the plate making the sole 20 1 blocked laterally in the disbursement 33 produced under the surface 24 of the natural soil, at a depth of the order of 20 cm for example.
  • feet 18 supporting the structure can then be fixed on said counter plate or peripheral sole 20 1 , which makes it possible to separate them well from each other, and to hold a couple of tilting: their height makes it possible to reach the top 24 of the natural ground. It is also possible to have several base bodies 12 in the same plate 20 1 as shown in the other embodiment of FIG. 8.
  • the plate or support plate 5 arranged at the surface 24 of the ground, can receive a bent piece 34 serving as a lateral pull point, particularly intended for hanging a marquee or mast stay.
  • This case is very representative of the resistance of the base 1 to lateral forces, on the one hand by the stop of the straight section of the boss 12 in the borehole 11 and on the other hand by the stop of the straight section of the upper part 12 1 of the body of the base and of the work support part 9, the upper surface of which is at the level of the surface 24 of the ground.
  • This particular arrangement makes it possible to use the base 1 for example as a waiting point on a roadway or a fairground, the bent piece 34 being able to be dismantled and the hole of the fixing bolt 10 closed by a temporary plug.
  • the anchoring means used is represented by an anchor as described for example in patent application WO 9612068 while in Figure 5 is shown another more economical but low capacity anchoring means resistance: such a device comprises a cone 28 provided with a threaded rod 6, the lower part 12 3 of the base constituting only the body of the latter, a damper 8 and a nut 16.
  • the cone 28 provided with its threaded rod 6, the converging point of which is oriented downwards, are inserted through a drilled hole 11 in the ground 4, the hole is then filled with an incompressible material 27; the base body 12 3 , the damper 8 and the nut 16 are then put in place and the latter is tightened until optimum packing of the material 27 is obtained.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
EP98430017A 1997-06-13 1998-06-10 Verfahren und Vorrichtung für einen sich Seitwärts- und Rutschkräften entgegenstellenden Gründungskörper Withdrawn EP0884420A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9707599A FR2764618B1 (fr) 1997-06-13 1997-06-13 Procede et dispositif d'embase dans le sol s'opposant aux efforts lateraux et au glissement
FR9707599 1997-06-13

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EP0884420A1 true EP0884420A1 (de) 1998-12-16

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EP98430017A Withdrawn EP0884420A1 (de) 1997-06-13 1998-06-10 Verfahren und Vorrichtung für einen sich Seitwärts- und Rutschkräften entgegenstellenden Gründungskörper

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FR (1) FR2764618B1 (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1541768A1 (de) * 2003-12-09 2005-06-15 Co-Metronic B.V. Antiramknackeinrichtung mit einem Antiknackpfahl
WO2009101454A1 (en) * 2008-02-14 2009-08-20 Ioannis Lymberis Tie rod for structural projects
NL2003784C2 (nl) * 2009-11-11 2011-05-12 Natural Plastics V O F Biologisch afbreekbaar grond anker.
GB2481022A (en) * 2010-06-08 2011-12-14 Dean Bowie An anchor apparatus for use underground
WO2014170574A1 (fr) * 2013-04-19 2014-10-23 Musthane Ensemble d'ancrage
WO2015132511A1 (fr) * 2014-03-04 2015-09-11 Musthane Balise infrarouge pour piste d'atterrissage

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3903704A (en) * 1973-01-09 1975-09-09 Viktor Vasilievich Spiridonov Pipeline anchoring arrangement
EP0026947A1 (de) 1979-10-03 1981-04-15 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie. Lagergehäuseabstützung für Turbomaschinen
CH659873A5 (en) * 1983-03-04 1987-02-27 Schrepfer Rudolf Ag Device for selectively changing the force exerted on a machine frame by a foundation bolt
FR2593542A1 (fr) 1986-01-29 1987-07-31 Fel Jean Louis Dispositif de pied d'echafaudage pour surfaces pentues et/ou fragiles telles que de toitures
EP0317458A1 (de) 1987-11-09 1989-05-24 Castola, Charles-Alain Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Einstellung eines Fundamentes durch Bildung einer aus dem Boden selbst bestehenden Vermassung
EP0321120A1 (de) 1987-12-04 1989-06-21 Ivac Corporation Klemmvorrichtung
EP0652326A1 (de) * 1993-11-10 1995-05-10 Pascal Rambaud Pfosten für Steinschlagschutzsystem, mit einzigem Anker
WO1996012068A1 (fr) 1994-10-14 1996-04-25 Tecnivalor S.A.R.L. Dispositif d'ancrage de fondation de structure dans le sol

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3903704A (en) * 1973-01-09 1975-09-09 Viktor Vasilievich Spiridonov Pipeline anchoring arrangement
EP0026947A1 (de) 1979-10-03 1981-04-15 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie. Lagergehäuseabstützung für Turbomaschinen
CH659873A5 (en) * 1983-03-04 1987-02-27 Schrepfer Rudolf Ag Device for selectively changing the force exerted on a machine frame by a foundation bolt
FR2593542A1 (fr) 1986-01-29 1987-07-31 Fel Jean Louis Dispositif de pied d'echafaudage pour surfaces pentues et/ou fragiles telles que de toitures
EP0317458A1 (de) 1987-11-09 1989-05-24 Castola, Charles-Alain Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Einstellung eines Fundamentes durch Bildung einer aus dem Boden selbst bestehenden Vermassung
EP0321120A1 (de) 1987-12-04 1989-06-21 Ivac Corporation Klemmvorrichtung
EP0652326A1 (de) * 1993-11-10 1995-05-10 Pascal Rambaud Pfosten für Steinschlagschutzsystem, mit einzigem Anker
WO1996012068A1 (fr) 1994-10-14 1996-04-25 Tecnivalor S.A.R.L. Dispositif d'ancrage de fondation de structure dans le sol

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1541768A1 (de) * 2003-12-09 2005-06-15 Co-Metronic B.V. Antiramknackeinrichtung mit einem Antiknackpfahl
WO2009101454A1 (en) * 2008-02-14 2009-08-20 Ioannis Lymberis Tie rod for structural projects
US9540783B2 (en) 2008-02-14 2017-01-10 Ioannis Lymberis Tie rod for structural projects
EP2322723A1 (de) * 2009-11-11 2011-05-18 Natural Plastics V.O.F. Biologisch abbaubarer Erdanker
NL2003784C2 (nl) * 2009-11-11 2011-05-12 Natural Plastics V O F Biologisch afbreekbaar grond anker.
GB2481022A (en) * 2010-06-08 2011-12-14 Dean Bowie An anchor apparatus for use underground
GB2481022B (en) * 2010-06-08 2014-10-08 Dean Bowie Anchor apparatus
WO2014170574A1 (fr) * 2013-04-19 2014-10-23 Musthane Ensemble d'ancrage
FR3004738A1 (fr) * 2013-04-19 2014-10-24 Musthane Ensemble d'ancrage
US10066357B2 (en) 2013-04-19 2018-09-04 Musthane Ground anchor assembly
US10689823B2 (en) 2013-04-19 2020-06-23 Musthane Anchoring assembly
WO2015132511A1 (fr) * 2014-03-04 2015-09-11 Musthane Balise infrarouge pour piste d'atterrissage
EP3114033B1 (de) * 2014-03-04 2020-11-18 Musthane Infrarotleuchtfeuer zur markierung einer landepiste

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2764618B1 (fr) 1999-09-03
FR2764618A1 (fr) 1998-12-18

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