EP0880640A1 - Moteur thermique a fonctionnement cyclique - Google Patents

Moteur thermique a fonctionnement cyclique

Info

Publication number
EP0880640A1
EP0880640A1 EP97905088A EP97905088A EP0880640A1 EP 0880640 A1 EP0880640 A1 EP 0880640A1 EP 97905088 A EP97905088 A EP 97905088A EP 97905088 A EP97905088 A EP 97905088A EP 0880640 A1 EP0880640 A1 EP 0880640A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
heat engine
temperature
working medium
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97905088A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Albert V. Serogodski
Bernhard Schaeffer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dokowa Gesellschaft Zur Entwicklung Dezentralokologischer Energiewandler Mbh & Co KG
Original Assignee
Dokowa Gesellschaft Zur Entwicklung Dezentralokologischer Energiewandler Mbh & Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dokowa Gesellschaft Zur Entwicklung Dezentralokologischer Energiewandler Mbh & Co KG filed Critical Dokowa Gesellschaft Zur Entwicklung Dezentralokologischer Energiewandler Mbh & Co KG
Publication of EP0880640A1 publication Critical patent/EP0880640A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat engine working with a cyclic process, comprising
  • Such heat engines convert heat energy into work.
  • the efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio of work done A to supplied heat energy Q to
  • Such heat engines are generally known, for example, as so-called hot-air machines and are described in many thermodynamics textbooks, for example "Thermodynamics” by E. Schmidt, 9th edition, Springer-Verlag 1962, pp. 132-138.
  • Two piston machines or turbo machines are connected to one another via a line system with two heat exchangers. Air is the working medium in the piston machines, the pipe system and the heat exchangers.
  • Air is the working medium in the piston machines, the pipe system and the heat exchangers.
  • the working medium can go through various processes.
  • the compression and expansion can be adiabatic (Joule process) or isothermal (Ericson process). In practice, however, such idealized processes can only be approximated.
  • Heat engines are disclosed in several different publications, by means of which the efficiency of the heat engine is to be improved:
  • DE 41 01 500 AI discloses a working with a cycle heat engine with a cylinder chamber which is limited by a piston.
  • a quantity of an evaporable liquid is provided in the cylinder chamber as a working medium at an initial temperature.
  • the volume of the Cylinder chamber from an inner dead center by moving the piston outwards to an outer dead center.
  • the movement of the piston is stopped for a predetermined period of time.
  • condensation of the supercooled vapor of the liquid is initiated. This leads to a sudden drop in pressure.
  • the piston is then moved to the inner dead center.
  • the cooled condensate is heated to the initial temperature using a heat exchanger.
  • the working medium consists of only one component.
  • a heat engine of the type mentioned in which the working medium is a two-substance mixture of nitrogen and butane.
  • the heat engine consists of a boiler kept at a temperature of 104.5 ° C. and a cylinder connected to the boiler and a heat exchanger arranged in the boiler, which cylinder is closed by a piston.
  • the ratio of the concentrations of nitrogen and butane and the starting temperature are chosen so that the two-component mixture at the starting temperature is in the range of retrograde condensation and the starting temperature is between the critical temperatures of nitrogen and butane.
  • the efficiency of a heat engine is to be improved by using such a two-substance mixture.
  • the invention has for its object to improve the efficiency of a heat engine of the type mentioned.
  • the working medium is a multi-substance mixture
  • the mixing ratio of the multicomponent mixture, the working pressure range and the working temperature range of the heat engine is chosen such that, based on the behavior of a single-substance working medium, the temperature of the multicomponent mixture in a certain pressure range decreases less with decreasing pressure and rises less with increasing pressure. Such behavior of the working medium has a favorable effect on the efficiency.
  • the amount of heat Q ab to be dissipated then becomes smaller and thus the efficiency ⁇ greater (cf. Eq. (2)).
  • Such behavior shows, for example, a multi-component mixture of nitrogen and butane in a mixing ratio of approximately 10% nitrogen and 90% butane.
  • a multicomponent mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in a mixing ratio of approximately 10% nitrogen and 90% carbon dioxide also exhibits this behavior, as does a multicomponent mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in such a mixing ratio. It has also been shown experimentally that this behavior is promoted by adding water in small amounts.
  • Fig.l is a schematic representation and shows a
  • FIG. 2 shows in a p-V diagram the changes in the working medium during a cycle in a heat engine.
  • a first turbine is designated 10 and a second turbine 12.
  • a shaft 14 extends through the two turbines 10 and 12.
  • a generator (not shown) for generating electricity can be connected to the shaft 14.
  • the first turbine 10 is located on the so-called cold side and the second turbine 12 on the so-called warm side of the heat engine.
  • the two turbines 10 and 12 are connected to one another via a line system.
  • a first line 16 connects the first turbine 10 to the cold side inlet of a first heat exchanger 18.
  • the warm side outlet of the first heat exchanger 18 is connected via a line 20 to the cold side inlet of a second heat exchanger 22.
  • the output of the warm side of the second heat exchanger 22 is connected to the second turbine 12 via a line 24.
  • a line 26 connects the second turbine 12 to the input of the warm side of the first heat exchanger 18.
  • the output of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 18 is connected via a line 20 to the input of the warm side of a third heat exchanger 30.
  • the cold side output of the third heat exchanger 30 is connected to the first turbine 10 via a line 32.
  • This system forms a closed system in which the working medium of the heat engine is enclosed. The working medium flows in the direction of the arrows in FIG. 1.
  • the warm side inlet and the cold side outlet of the second heat exchanger 22 are connected to a first boiler 38 via lines 34 and 36.
  • the cold side inlet and the warm side outlet of the third heat exchanger 30 are connected via lines 40 and 42 to a second boiler 44.
  • the first boiler 38 is kept at a temperature T 2 .
  • the second boiler 44 is kept at a temperature T 4 , where T 2 > T 4 .
  • the working medium is compressed in the first turbine 10 to the pressure p ⁇ . It then flows via line 16 into the first heat exchanger 18.
  • the working medium is heated from the temperature T x to a temperature T w . This takes place in the counterflow process by simultaneous cooling of the working medium coming from the second turbine 12.
  • the working medium then flows further via line 20 into the second heat exchanger 22.
  • the working medium is heated from the temperature T w to the temperature T 2 . This takes place in the countercurrent process by simultaneous cooling of the medium coming from the first boiler 38.
  • the working medium is then expanded in the second turbine 12, as a result of which work is performed.
  • the working medium leaves the second turbine 12 under the pressure p 3 and at the temperature T 3 . It flows via line 26 into the first heat exchanger 18 and is cooled here to a temperature T k .
  • the working medium then flows further via line 28 into the third heat exchanger 30.
  • the working medium is cooled from the temperature T k to the temperature T t . This is done in a countercurrent process by simultaneous heating of the medium coming from the second boiler 44.
  • FIG. 2 shows a pV diagram and swapped the changes in state of the working medium during a passage through the heat engine. The mode of operation of the described heat engine is to be explained on the basis of this state diagram:
  • the working medium leaves the first turbine 10 at a pressure p x and at a temperature r T 1 . This corresponds to point I in FIG. 2.
  • the temperature of the working medium is increased from T x to T w in the first heat exchanger 18 and T w to T 2 in the second heat exchanger 22.
  • the working medium is expanded approximately adiabatically from the pressure p 2 to a pressure p 3 and expanded from the volume V 2 to a volume V 3 , the temperature decreasing from the temperature T 2 to the temperature T 3 .
  • the working medium becomes approximately adiabatic from the pressure p 4 to the pressure p : and compressed from the volume V 4 to the volume V x , the temperature changing from the temperature T 4 to the temperature T x .
  • the p-V diagram forms a closed curve that encloses a surface and is traversed clockwise.
  • the heat engine therefore does mechanical work on every cycle.
  • the first turbine 10 works as a compressor and the second turbine 12 as a machine.
  • the turbine 10 is driven by the turbine 12 via the shaft 14.
  • not only turbines can be used, but also piston machines, for example.
  • the heat engine described here works according to the so-called Joule process.
  • the invention is not limited to heat engines that work according to this working diagram, but applies to all heat engines.
  • a multi-substance mixture is now used as the working medium.
  • mixtures of approximately 90% carbon dioxide and approximately 10% nitrogen and mixtures of approximately 90% butane and approximately 10% nitrogen show remarkable properties. These properties are further enhanced when small amounts of water are added to the mixtures.
  • the following effects have been observed experimentally: When nitrogen is introduced into a closed container filled with (gaseous and liquid) colonic dioxide at a temperature of 0 ° C., the pressure in the container increases, as expected. Surprisingly, the temperature drops to approx. -10 ° C. The same effect occurs with hydrogen instead of nitrogen, even in an increased form. This effect can also be observed at starting temperatures up to + 20 ° C. The effect is no longer observed above + 20 ° C.
  • a mixture of approx. 90% butane and approx. 10% nitrogen behaves differently. If such a mixture is expanded from a pressure of approx. 127 bar to a pressure of approx. 100 bar at an initial temperature of 94 ° C., the temperature of the mixture increases to approx. 127 ° C. If the pressure is increased again to 127 bar, the temperature drops again to the initial temperature. In the case of known substances and mixtures of substances, one can expect a reversed behavior.
  • K has an effect on the decay of the adiabatic curve from point II to point III in the state diagram in FIG. 2.
  • this property also gives a higher degree of efficiency than with conventional substances or mixtures of substances.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

Le moteur thermique à fonctionnement cyclique décrit comporte un espace fermé, lequel contient un fluide de travail, ainsi qu'un organe d'échange thermique au moyen duquel de la chaleur est amenée au fluide de travail et extraite de ce dernier. Le fluide de travail utilisé est un mélange multiconstituant. Le rapport des constituants dans ce mélange multiconstituant, ainsi que la plage des pressions et des températures de service du moteur thermique, sont choisis de sorte que, dans une plage de pressions donnée, la température du mélange diminue moins, comparée au comportement d'un fluide de travail monoconstituant, lorsque la pression diminue, et augmente moins lorsque la pression s'accroît, ou demeure approximativement constante, ou bien même décroît lorsque la pression s'accroît, et augmente lorsque la pression diminue. Le mélange multiconstituant peut renfermer de l'azote et du butane, de l'azote et du dioxyde de carbone ou bien de l'hydrogène et du dioxyde de carbone.
EP97905088A 1996-02-26 1997-02-26 Moteur thermique a fonctionnement cyclique Withdrawn EP0880640A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19608300A DE19608300A1 (de) 1996-02-26 1996-02-26 Mit einem Kreisprozeß arbeitende Wärmekraftmaschine
DE19608300 1996-02-26
PCT/EP1997/000915 WO1997032114A1 (fr) 1996-02-26 1997-02-26 Moteur thermique a fonctionnement cyclique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0880640A1 true EP0880640A1 (fr) 1998-12-02

Family

ID=7787165

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97905088A Withdrawn EP0880640A1 (fr) 1996-02-26 1997-02-26 Moteur thermique a fonctionnement cyclique

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0880640A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU1877097A (fr)
DE (1) DE19608300A1 (fr)
HU (1) HUP9901286A3 (fr)
NO (1) NO983902L (fr)
WO (1) WO1997032114A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19804845C2 (de) * 1998-01-30 2002-10-24 Werner Malewski Verfahren zur direkten Umwandlung von thermischer Energie in mechanische Energie

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH237849A (de) * 1944-07-24 1945-05-31 Tech Studien Ag Verfahren zum Betriebe von Wärmekraftanlagen, in welchen ein Arbeitsmittel einen geschlossenen Kreislauf beschreibt.
US4242870A (en) * 1974-08-29 1981-01-06 Searingen Judson S Power systems using heat from hot liquid
US4437312A (en) * 1981-03-06 1984-03-20 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Recovery of power from vaporization of liquefied natural gas
US4553397A (en) * 1981-05-11 1985-11-19 Soma Kurtis Method and apparatus for a thermodynamic cycle by use of compression
DE4101500A1 (de) * 1991-01-19 1992-07-23 Doekowa Ges Zur Entwicklung De Waermekraftmaschine
DE4244016C2 (de) * 1992-12-24 1994-10-06 Ecenal Scient Firm Ltd Mit einem Kreisprozess arbeitende Wärmekraftmaschine
US5544479A (en) * 1994-02-10 1996-08-13 Longmark Power International, Inc. Dual brayton-cycle gas turbine power plant utilizing a circulating pressurized fluidized bed combustor

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9732114A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO983902D0 (no) 1998-08-25
NO983902L (no) 1998-10-23
HUP9901286A3 (en) 2000-03-28
DE19608300A1 (de) 1997-08-28
AU1877097A (en) 1997-09-16
WO1997032114A1 (fr) 1997-09-04
HUP9901286A2 (hu) 1999-08-30

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