EP0878588A1 - Building with up to four storeys, particularly for residential purpose, and process for its erection - Google Patents

Abstract

The skeleton support structure encloses a space enclosing at least one load-absorbing gantry. This has a support frame which is connected to the skeleton structure and is fixed on the baseplate (1) of the lowest storey. One or more superposed support structure units (8,8') are fixed together in a box formation and are made from a welded profiled steel structure. The height of these structure units corresponds to the height of the relevant storey. Support bearings for the ceiling supports are fixed at storey height on the support structure units. The ceiling supports are fixed on the support bearings of the support structure units and on support bearings mounted on profiled steel elements (3) of the skeleton structure.

Description

The invention relates to buildings with up to four floors, in particular for residential purposes, based on a load-bearing section steel construction, as well as a suitable one Procedure for the construction of the buildings.

The construction of buildings using profiled steel structures has been known for a long time.
DE 30 45 177 A1 describes a method for creating a house system. Transportable living and working units are attached to an internal or external supporting structure that accommodates the supply systems in such a way that they are only connected to the supporting structure by a relatively narrow passage or pedestal-like construction via stand or hanging consoles. The inner structure consists of a central tower, in which elevators, stairs and the supply and disposal facilities are housed. The residential units are then attached to star-shaped hanging consoles.
Such house systems are high-rise buildings that require only a small footprint to accommodate a large number of residents. These silo-like house systems do not meet people's needs for individual living comfort. In addition, such residential complexes are very expensive to maintain.

Also known is a method for the construction of an industrial plant based on the modular principle of module components (DE 32 29 881 A1). The modules are inserted into suitably prefabricated frames that are completely prefabricated and already contain the necessary supply and disposal lines.
Buildings of this type represent container structures which do not meet the requirements of urban planning in terms of their visual appearance and which are at least unsuitable for residential purposes with individual comfort.

Buildings made of prefabricated light-weight room cells, each of which has a skeleton structure that is clad with two shells to form the outer wall, are known from DE 40 24 497 A1. The structure is formed from double-flange beams, the necessary lines for supply and disposal being contained in the wall cavity determined by the flange spacing of the beams. The individual room cells are connected to each other by cross corridors to form room groups. The assembly of the individual room cells requires special lifting equipment.
From DE 43 02 871 A1 a house constructed from prefabricated elements is known which can be dismantled for recycling. The support elements and / or inserts of this house are hollow so that all installations for the house can be installed within these cavities as desired. To stabilize the house, tension cables or tension rods can be tensioned within the hollow support elements. A prefabricated house is also known (DE 94 10 139.6 U 1), which consists of a foundation module, base storey module, upper storey module and roof storey module, with all modules being ready to live. The outer shells of the modules consist of aluminum or steel plates that are stiffened by pipes in which a liquid circulates. The house is centered with a central pipe through which the supply and disposal lines run.
A building consisting of modules of prefabricated building cells is described in EP 0 639 677 A1. Each module consists of a frame construction welded into a steel skeleton, a rectangular base frame, a rectangular cover frame and four vertical supports. The outer surfaces are covered with lightweight building boards.
The individual modules correspond to larger room units, for example, a three-storey building is created from 15 modules. The prefabricated modules require a considerable amount of transportation. The complete house installation must be set up after the modules have been installed.
A modular construction house (DE 44 11 004 A1) consists of four modules with different basic shapes, a ground floor module, a mezzanine module, an attic module and a module for the roof top. The modules are removed for assembly and delivered raw plastered. The individual modules consist of load-bearing steel structures, which together form the metallic supporting structure. The outer and inner walls have no supporting function. The individual modules are arranged on top of each other on site and connected to each other. Then the joints of the individual modules are closed, the roof covering is put on and a fine plaster is applied.
A disadvantage is the complex transportation of the modules, since each of the modules forms a floor and therefore requires a relatively large transport space. The individual modules do not allow for great variability in the exterior design of the houses. Since the modules have already been fully expanded, individual customer requests cannot be sufficiently taken into account.
The well-known buildings on the basis of load-bearing steel structures only partially meet the existing requirements. Container-like buildings and prefabricated houses have a limited lifespan. They cannot always meet the high requirements for thermal insulation as well as noise and tape protection. As a result of the low heat storage capacity, a high level of energy expenditure must be used for heating. Another major disadvantage is that the known houses listed do not allow for subsequent additions or further additions, or this is only possible with a very high outlay.
It should also be noted that credit institutions prefer a construction method as a solid construction that is stable in terms of value and performance in order to finance residential buildings.

The invention was based on the object of buildings with up to four floors, especially for residential purposes, to create a substantial shortening of the Construction time allow a low installation effort for the house technology on site require and where the house technology after a short construction time, before completion of the interior, can be put into operation, a high variability in the enable structural design and have the quality of solid buildings. It is also an object of the invention to provide a suitable method for establishing the Creating buildings.

According to the invention the object is achieved by the features specified in claims 1 and 11. Suitable design variants are given in claims 2 to 10 and 12.
The essence of the invention is that after the creation of the floor slab or the foundation including the floor slab for the basement, a portal structure is built from one or more prefabricated structural units, the prefabricated structural units already being complete with the necessary technical supply and disposal lines and, if necessary, with necessary building services, such as a heating system, are equipped. The box-shaped structural units consist of a section steel welded construction and are screwed together. The height of the individual structural units corresponds to the height of the respective floor. After the portal structure has been created and the line connections made, important building services systems such as hot and cold water supply, heating and wastewater discharge are ready for operation. The space required for the portal structure is approx. 0.5 to 5% of the enclosed space of the building to be erected. Depending on the design of the portal structure, if necessary, the free end of the horizontally arranged structure units, which are located directly under the future roof, is intercepted by means of a support. After the construction of the portal structure, the supporting structure skeleton, which forms the outer frame including the roof structure and consists of profiled steel elements, is set up and connected to the portal structure. This provides the structural skeleton with additional stability.
The individual structural units of the portal structure can be inexpensively manufactured at a central location and preassembled with the necessary technical equipment, whereby only a number of 3 types of structural units are required. A type K structural unit intended for the basement. A type G structural unit, which is intended for the respective floors, whereby the structural units for the ground floor and the subsequent upper floors are identical. Another type D structural unit is intended for horizontal arrangement. Several of these type D structural units can be connected to each other in a row and are located directly under the roof after attachment to the upper vertical structural unit. A complete heating system, including an oil tank, can be preassembled in these type D structural units. These structural units are then dimensioned and equipped so that they are accessible to operating personnel.
The corresponding arrangement of the respective structural units depends on the type of building to be erected and the type of heating envisaged.
For example, if it is a two-storey detached house that is to be equipped with natural gas heating, only three supporting structure units, one of type K and two of type G, need to be installed. The combination heater for heating and hot water supply can then be attached to the type K structural unit. The structural units of type K and type G, which are arranged vertically, also have corresponding supports for fastening ceiling beams, which are attached to the structural skeleton with the other free end.
Since the necessary supply and disposal lines for the building services are already pre-assembled in the structural units, the installation effort on site can be significantly reduced.
It is particularly advantageous, however, that the building services supply facilities can be put into operation after a relatively short construction time, after completion of the portal structure. After the outer walls and the roof have been erected, the shell is ready to be heated. This results in better drying out of the building and the necessary interior work can also be carried out without problems at low outside temperatures.
The erected portal structure also plays an important role from a structural point of view, since it essentially absorbs all loads from the structure. The exterior wall design can therefore be made as desired, but it is expedient to use solid wall elements. The outer and inner walls of the building have no supporting function.
Overall, the construction time can be significantly reduced by the proposed solution. The required structural units can be efficiently manufactured in series production. The portal structure has no disadvantages on the individual spatial design of the buildings. It represents a new system solution that can be used for different buildings, especially in residential and community buildings. However, due to the structural requirements to be met, it is limited to buildings with up to four floors. Initial calculations have shown that with this new construction cost savings in the order of 20 to 30% can be achieved compared to the conventional construction.
Since the portal structure can be expanded later, extensions or conversions of existing buildings of this type can be carried out inexpensively at a later date.

Fig. 1

die Bodenplatte mit dem aufgestellten Tragwerk-Skelett in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Fig. 2

das Portaltragwerk als Einzelheit in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Fig. 3

das Portaltragwerk innerhalb des durch das Tragwerk-Skelett umbauten Raumes in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Fig. 4

eine Tragwerkseinheit des Portaltragwerkes für das Erd- oder Obergeschoß in perspektivischer Darstellung.

The invention will be explained below using the example of a family home without a basement. Show in the accompanying drawing

Fig. 1

the base plate with the erected structure skeleton in perspective,

Fig. 2

the portal structure as a detail in perspective,

Fig. 3

the portal structure within the space enclosed by the structure skeleton in perspective,

Fig. 4

a structural unit of the portal structure for the ground or upper floor in a perspective view.

In Figure 1, the base plate 1 with the erected structure skeleton 2 is shown for a family home without a basement.
The entire structure skeleton 2 consists of vertically and horizontally arranged section steel elements 3, 11, preferably double T elements, and two round horizontal elements 4 as longitudinal connectors for the roof section elements 17. The section steel elements are galvanized and connected to one another by screw connections. In the base plate 1 there is a shaft 5 in which all the building supply connections are located, such as power connection cable, water connection, sewage line connection, telephone and cable TV connection and, if appropriate, the natural gas line connection. Around this shaft 5, a stable frame 6 is concreted in, which has screw bolts pointing vertically upwards, which serve to connect the structural unit 8 to be retrofitted for the ground floor.
The structure of the portal structure 7 is shown in FIG. In the specific application of this example, the portal structure 7 consists of a structure unit 8 of type G for the ground floor, a further structure structure 8 'of type G for the upper floor and four horizontally connected structure units 9, 9', 9 '', 9 '''of type D, which extend directly under the roof of the house over the entire length of the house from gable side to gable side. The structural unit 9 is fixedly mounted on the upper structural unit 8 '. The last horizontal structural unit 9 '''is supported by a vertical support 10, for example a U-profile, which is connected to the horizontal profile element 11 on the adjacent gable side (FIG. 3). The arrangement of the portal structure 7 shown in FIG. 2 represents an inverted L-shape. The portal structure can also be arranged as a T-shape on the basis of the spatial division desired by the client.
The individual structural units are prefabricated assemblies that are already equipped with the building services and disposal lines and / or facilities. This considerably reduces the assembly work on site.
The media-carrying lines 12, 12 'of the neighboring structural units 8, 8' can be connected to one another in a media-tight manner by means of flexible lines or by plug connections.

The individual structural units form a combinable system for different variants, depending on the structure of the building, the room arrangement and the selected type of heating and hot water supply. There are essentially three types of structural units, type K, which is intended for a basement, type G (8, 8 ') for the storeys above the basement ceiling or floor slab, and type D as a horizontally arranged unit, as in FIG 2 it can be seen that the structural unit of type D 9, 9 ', 9'',9''' can be provided with different equipment. The structural units of type K and G have essentially the same construction and differ only in height depending on the height of the basement and the other floors. The individual lines for hot and cold water, for waste water and for heating are pre-installed in these structural units. For reasons of clarity, only the lines 12 for waste water and the lines 12 'for cold water are shown in the drawing. In the vertical structural units 8, 8 'there are also ventilation pipes, empty pipes for laying the power cable and for telephone and TV cables. In addition, the complete connections for the toilet, toilet cistern, shower and / or bathtub can already be integrated in the relevant structural units 8, 8 '. The horizontally arranged structure units 9, 9 ', 9''and9''' are dimensioned differently from the vertical structure units 8, 8 '. As FIG. 2 shows, a plurality of structural units 9, 9 ', 9'',9''' can be connected to one another to form a complex or a series. For example, an oil burner 13 and the associated hot water tank 14 can be arranged in the structural unit 9. The oil tanks 15 are arranged in the last two structural units 9 ″ and 9 ″ ″. In between there is a structural unit 9 ', which has a floor hatch with an extendable staircase so that the horizontal structural units can be accessed from the upper floor. If necessary, certain lines can be routed along the horizontal structural units, which are guided downward within the U-shaped support. In the support 10 there is also a supply line for the oil to the oil tanks 15. The oil tanks can then be filled from the gable outside of the house. The structure of the vertical structural unit 8 is shown enlarged in FIG.
The structural unit 8 consists of a stable frame 25 with cross struts 26 and side walls 27, 28 on the narrow sides. On the top and bottom, connecting flanges 29 are arranged, in which holes are arranged. These connecting flanges 29 serve as contact surfaces for the structural units 8, 8 'arranged directly one above the other. The structural units are attached to each other using screws that are inserted through the congruent holes and screwed with nuts.
On the structural unit 8 there are supports 16 for ceiling beams at floor level, which are not shown in the drawing. The ceiling girders can consist, for example, of appropriately suitable trapezoidal sheets which are attached to the supports 15 and supports on the section steel elements of the supporting structure skeleton 2. The trapezoidal sheets are poured with concrete in a manner known per se. Fastening receptacles for a ceiling construction based on plasterboard are already arranged on the underside of the trapezoidal sheets.
The outer walls of the house can be made of different materials. However, it is expedient to use aerated concrete elements as outer wall elements. It is also possible to use prefabricated clinker wall elements as outer wall elements. The outer walls have no load-bearing function and are attached to the outside of the section steel elements 3, 11 of the structural skeleton 2. The further interior of the house can be done in the usual dry construction.
It is of great advantage that, for example, a single-family house with a living space of 120 m ^{2 can be built} in shell construction within 20 days, with the most necessary building services, such as heating, warm, within this short construction time due to the piping and supply facilities integrated in the portal structure - and cold water supply, waste water discharge, power supply are ready for operation. The client can carry out the interior work at his own request. Due to the possible heating of the house, which is finished as a shell, the interior can be carried out without any problems even at low outside temperatures. When the outer walls are made of concrete elements, a solid house can be built in a much shorter time compared to the previously known construction methods. The construction time for a single family house is, for example, only 2 months. Another advantage is that due to the production of the necessary structures made of galvanized steel, it has a very long service life and the use of wood as a building material can be almost completely dispensed with.

Claims (12)

Buildings with up to four storeys, especially for residential purposes from a framework skeleton that forms the outer frame including the roof structure from profile steel elements on which the outer wall elements and the roof can be fastened, and an interior in conventional dry construction, characterized in that within the structure skeleton (2) enclosed space at least one load-bearing portal structure (7) is arranged is, which is connected to the structure skeleton (2) and on the base plate (1) of the lowest floor is attached, and one or more one above the other arranged, firmly connected box-shaped structural units (8, 8 ') consists of a section steel welded construction, the height of the structural units (8, 8 ') corresponds to the height of the respective storey to which Supporting units (8, 8 ') at floor level are supported by supports (16) for ceiling beams are on the supports (16) of the structural units (8, 8 ') and on supports that are arranged on section steel elements (3) of the structural skeleton (2) are, with all the necessary building services in the structural units (8, 8 ') Supply and disposal lines are pre-assembled, including the corresponding ones Coupling units for their further connection. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the uppermost vertical structural unit (8 ') with at least one horizontally extending, direct under the roof structure unit (9, 9 ', 9' ', 9' '') is connected in the an in-house supply facility with the associated lines is pre-assembled. Building according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that several horizontally running structural units (9, 9 ', 9' ', 9' '') with each other are connected and form a row that extends from gable end to gable end or extends from the front to the rear wall of the building, and at least the most free end of the row arranged structure unit (9 '' ') by a on the Base plate (1) attached support (10) is supported. Building according to claim 3, characterized in that the support (10) as a U-profile is formed and attached to a section steel element (11) of the structure skeleton is. Building according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the vertical structural units (8, 8 ') and the horizontal structural units (9, 9 ', 9' ', 9' '') each have the same cross-sectional area. Building according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the horizontally running structural units (9, 9 ', 9' ', 9' '') a complete Oil heating system (13, 14, 15 ') is installed and one (9') of these structural units has a bottom opening for accessibility for people, and that Oil tank storage (15) is connected to an oil supply line on the support (10) Structural units (9 '' ') attached and led down to the inside of the building is. Building according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the media-carrying lines (12, 12 ') of the neighboring structural units (8, 8 ', 9, 9', 9 '', 9 '' ') using flexible cables or plug connections are connected to each other in a media-tight manner. Building according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the structural units (8, 8 ', 9, 9', 9 '', 9 '' ') of the portal structure (7) as a T-shape or reverse L-shape are arranged. Building according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a Supporting unit for the basement, one supporting unit (8, 8 ') for each one floor above the basement ceiling and one or more structural units (9, 9 ', 9' ', 9' '') are designed in a horizontal design for the roof area. Building according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in the Base plate (1) a shaft (5) is arranged in which the building services Supply and disposal connections are located, with a stable around the shaft (5) Metal frame (6) is attached, the mounting receptacles for the to be put on Has structural unit (8). Method for the construction of buildings according to one of claims 1 to 10, by the following method steps: a) Creation of the floor slab (1) or the foundation including the basement floor slab, b) erecting a portal support structure (7) formed from support units (8, 8 ', 9, 9', 9 '', 9 ''') by fastening the lowermost support unit (8) on an anchoring frame (6) in the base plate (1 ) and establishing the connection between the existing house connection and disposal lines with the corresponding lines (12, 12 ') in the prefabricated structural unit (8), c) Setting up and connecting the subsequent prefabricated structural units (8 ', 9, 9'',9''') including the integrated supply and disposal lines (12, 12 ') to erect the complete portal structure (7) and, if necessary, arrange an additional one Support (10) for the portal structure, d) installation of the supporting structure skeleton (2), which forms the outer frame including the roof structure, made of profiled steel elements (3, 4, 11, 17) and its alignment and fixation with the portal supporting structure (7), e) fastening the outer wall elements to the structure skeleton (2), f) fastening the prefabricated roof sections to the roof structure and covering the roof with roof tiles, g) construction of internal stairs and ceilings, h) fastening the radiators to section steel elements (3) of the structural skeleton (2) and connecting them on the line side to the heating system, i) inserting the windows, j) implementation of the interior, k) Completion of the outer wall facade. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that after the establishment of the Shell construction in accordance with process steps a) to i) Utilities are put into operation.

Images